CN115871413A - Whole vehicle thermal management system of electric commercial vehicle and pure electric vehicle - Google Patents
Whole vehicle thermal management system of electric commercial vehicle and pure electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN115871413A CN115871413A CN202211703144.4A CN202211703144A CN115871413A CN 115871413 A CN115871413 A CN 115871413A CN 202211703144 A CN202211703144 A CN 202211703144A CN 115871413 A CN115871413 A CN 115871413A
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- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a whole vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle and a pure electric vehicle, relating to the technical field of electric vehicles, and adopting the following scheme: the system comprises an air conditioning system, a heat pump system, a warm air system, a battery pack heat management system and a motor electric control cooling system. The air conditioning refrigeration unit is shared by cab refrigeration and battery pack cooling, in addition, the air conditioning circulation can be converted into heat pump circulation by means of switching of the electromagnetic valve and the electronic expansion valve, heat absorbed from the external environment is transferred to a warm air system through the water-cooled condenser, and the warm air system can warm the cab and heat the battery pack. The integration of the system reduces the overall vehicle cost. In addition, the battery pack can be heated by utilizing the heat of the electric control cooling loop, and the temperature of the cooling liquid of the battery pack heat management loop is increased by mixing the cooling liquids of the two systems, so that the effect of heating the battery is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a whole automobile thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle.
Background
The current cab air conditioning systems of most electric commercial vehicles use one refrigeration unit and the battery pack thermal management system uses another refrigeration unit, which undoubtedly results in increased cost due to component redundancy. In addition, in winter, the cab heating and the battery pack heating increase the consumption of electric quantity, so that the endurance mileage of the electric vehicle in winter is reduced seriously, meanwhile, the heat of the electric control cooling loop of the motor is directly dissipated to the external environment, the waste of heat is caused, and the energy utilization rate of the whole vehicle is reduced. The whole vehicle thermal management system of the new energy vehicle disclosed by the application number 202211331362X comprises an electrically driven cooling circulating device, a heating circulating device, a battery water-in-package circulating device and an air-conditioning cooling system, and can meet the cooling and heating requirements of main components of the whole vehicle and a power system in different working modes.
To solve the above problems of the conventional electric commercial vehicle, a whole vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle need to be developed, so that the comprehensive configuration and heat utilization of a whole vehicle system are realized, and the purposes of improving the endurance mileage and reducing the cost of the whole vehicle are achieved.
Therefore, aiming at the current situation that in the prior art, the air conditioning system of the cab, the warm air system, the heat management system of the battery pack and the electric control cooling system of the motor are independent of each other, the components are redundant, the heat utilization rate is low, and the continuation of the journey mileage is seriously reduced in winter, the whole vehicle heat management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle are in urgent need of solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide and design a whole vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle, and realize comprehensive configuration of the whole vehicle system and reasonable planning of heat, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, in the electric commercial vehicle thermal management, a cab air conditioning system, a warm air system, a battery pack thermal management system and a motor electric control cooling system are mutually independent, parts are redundant, the heat utilization rate is low, and the mileage of continuation of the journey in winter is seriously reduced.
On one hand, the scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a whole vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle comprises an air conditioning system, a heat pump system, a battery pack thermal management system, a motor electric control cooling system and a warm air system. The following systems include, but are not limited to, the components shown in fig. 1.
a) The air conditioning system includes: the system comprises a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first normally open electromagnetic valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a third normally open electromagnetic valve, a thermal expansion valve, an evaporator, a second electronic expansion valve, a plate heat exchanger and a gas-liquid separator. The flow path of the air conditioning loop refrigerant is as follows: compressor → water-cooled condenser → first normally open solenoid valve → outdoor heat exchanger → third normally open solenoid valve → thermal expansion valve → evaporator → gas-liquid separator → compressor and compressor → water-cooled condenser → first normally open solenoid valve → outdoor heat exchanger → second electronic expansion valve → plate heat exchanger → gas-liquid separator → compressor. The heat pump system includes: the system comprises a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a second normally closed solenoid valve and a gas-liquid separator. The heat pump circuit refrigerant flow path is: compressor → water-cooled condenser → first electronic expansion valve → outdoor heat exchanger → second normally closed solenoid valve → gas-liquid separator → compressor.
b) The warm braw system mainly includes: the system comprises a water pump I, a water-cooled condenser, a water PTC, a warm air water tank, a three-way valve I, a plate heat exchanger and an expansion water tank I. The flow path of the warm air loop cooling liquid is as follows: the first water pump → the water-cooled condenser → the water PTC → the hot air water tank → the first three-way valve → the first (plate heat exchanger) → the first water pump.
c) The battery pack thermal management system mainly comprises: the system comprises a liquid cooling battery, a three-way valve II, a plate heat exchanger, a one-way valve I, a radiator, a normally closed solenoid valve IV, a water pump II and an expansion water tank II. The battery pack loop cooling liquid flow path is as follows: liquid cooling battery → second three-way valve → plate heat exchanger → second water pump → liquid cooling battery and liquid cooling battery → second three-way valve → first one-way valve → radiator → fourth normally closed solenoid valve → second water pump → liquid cooling battery.
d) The electric control cooling system of the motor mainly comprises: the electric control of the motor, the one-way valve II, the radiator, the water pump III and the expansion water tank III. The electric control loop of the motor comprises a cooling liquid flow path: the electric control of the motor → the second one-way valve → the radiator → the third water pump → the electric control of the motor. The cooling liquid flow paths among the electric control parts of the motor can be connected in series and in parallel, the motor comprises but is not limited to a central motor, an electric drive bridge and the like according to the design of the actual vehicle, and the electric control elements comprise but is not limited to a motor controller, an all-in-one inverter, a charger and the like.
The heat management system also comprises sensors in series with each system, such as a temperature and pressure sensor in a refrigerant loop and a temperature sensor in a cooling liquid loop, wherein the sensors are electrically connected with the control component, and the control component is correspondingly switched on and off according to sensed temperature/pressure signals to realize corresponding system functions.
When the battery pack and the cab need refrigeration, the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve at the refrigerant side are in a default state, the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are opened, the second electromagnetic valve is closed, in addition, the first electronic expansion valve is closed, the second electronic expansion valve and the thermostatic expansion valve adjust the opening degrees according to requirements, the second three-way valve AB is communicated, and the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed. In the air-conditioning mode, the outdoor heat exchanger plays a role of a condenser, heat of the refrigerant is dissipated to the environment, the water-cooled condenser does not have heat exchange, the evaporator provides cold energy for the cab, and cooling liquid of the battery pack heat management system exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the plate heat exchanger and transfers the heat to the refrigerant side. The air conditioning system realizes the purpose of providing cold energy for the cab and the battery pack, part of the cold energy flows to the cab, and the refrigerant flow path is the compressor → the water-cooled condenser → the first electromagnetic valve → the outdoor heat exchanger → the third electromagnetic valve → the thermal expansion valve → the evaporator → the gas-liquid separator → the compressor; part of the cold flows to the battery pack cooling liquid loop, and the refrigerant flow path is a compressor → a solenoid valve I → an outdoor heat exchanger → an electronic expansion valve II → a plate heat exchanger → a gas-liquid separator → a compressor. The battery pack cooling liquid flow path is a liquid cooling battery → the second three-way valve → the plate type heat exchanger → the second water pump → the liquid cooling battery.
When the cab needs to be heated, the electromagnetic valve on the refrigerant side regulates the opening and closing state, the electromagnetic valve I and the electromagnetic valve III are closed, the electromagnetic valve II is opened, in addition, the electronic expansion valve II is closed, and the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve is adjusted according to the requirement. When the battery pack needs to be heated by the warm air system, the three-way valve AB is communicated, and if the battery pack does not need to be heated by the warm air system, the three-way valve AC is communicated. At this time, the refrigerant circuit realizes a heat pump cycle, and the refrigerant absorbs heat from the external environment through the outdoor heat exchanger, and transfers the heat to the coolant side of the warm air system through the water-cooled condenser, so as to realize heating of the cab. The refrigerant flow path is compressor → water-cooled condenser → first electronic expansion valve → outdoor heat exchanger → second electromagnetic valve → gas-liquid separator → compressor. The cooling liquid flow path of the warm air system is water pump I → water-cooled condenser → water PTC → warm air water tank → three-way valve I → plate heat exchanger → water pump I.
When the battery pack needs to be heated, the heat of the warm air system can be utilized, the heat of the warm air system is transferred to the battery pack cooling liquid loop through the plate heat exchanger, or the heat of the motor electric control cooling liquid loop is utilized, and the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the battery pack loop is improved by mixing the cooling liquid of the battery pack loop and the cooling liquid of the motor electric control loop. When the heat of the warm air system is utilized, the first three-way valve AB is communicated, the second three-way valve AB is communicated, the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed, and the cooling liquid flow path of the battery pack heat management loop is the liquid cooling battery → the second three-way valve → the plate heat exchanger → the second water pump → the liquid cooling battery; the cooling liquid flow path of the warm air system is water pump I → water-cooled condenser → water PTC → warm air water tank → three-way valve I → plate heat exchanger → water pump I. When the heat of the cooling liquid loop is electrically controlled by the motor, the first three-way valve is AC-connected, the second three-way valve is AC-connected, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, and the cooling liquid flow path of the battery pack heat management loop is the liquid cooling battery → the second three-way valve → the first one-way valve → the radiator → the fourth electromagnetic valve → the second water pump → the liquid cooling battery; the cooling liquid flow path of the warm air system is a first water pump → a water-cooled condenser → water PTC → a warm air water tank → a first three-way valve → a first water pump.
The water PTC of the warm air system is used for meeting the requirements of working conditions such as cab defrosting and parking heat pumps and the like and the heat which needs to be responded quickly under the working conditions such as battery starting in winter.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an electric automobile, and the whole automobile heat management system of the electric commercial vehicle is installed on the electric commercial vehicle.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
the whole vehicle heat management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle realize that the cab refrigeration and the battery pack cooling share one set of refrigeration unit, have the heat pump system, absorb heat from the external environment, provide heat for the cab and the battery pack, and the addition of the water PTC can meet the safe and effective operation of each system under extreme and special working conditions, and realize that the cab heating and the battery pack heating depend on one set of warm air system at the same time, thereby reducing the redundancy of components, saving the arrangement space of the whole vehicle and reducing the cost of the whole vehicle. The HVAC system is similar to the existing air conditioning system of the electric commercial vehicle in structure, so that the HVAC system cannot be changed too much, and the investment of the HVAC system is reduced. In addition, the battery pack can be heated by utilizing the heat of the electric control cooling liquid loop of the motor, so that the electric control waste heat of the motor is reasonably and effectively utilized, the waste is avoided, the power consumption required by heating in winter is reduced, the discharging capacity of the battery in winter is guaranteed, and the endurance mileage is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the condition of the parts to which the vehicle responds during summer driving: the air conditioning system is used for refrigerating a cab and cooling a battery pack, and the motor is electrically controlled and cooled by a radiator.
Fig. 3 shows an exemplary illustration of the conditions of the components to which the vehicle responds during winter driving: the heat pump system absorbs heat from the external environment to heat the cab, and the electric control cooling liquid loop geothermal energy of the motor heats the battery.
Fig. 4 shows an exemplary heat pump system absorbing heat from the environment and the heat of the PTC water heating the cab and the battery pack together.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the present embodiment, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of this patent.
In the existing thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle, a battery pack thermal management system, a motor electric control cooling system, an air conditioning system and a warm air system are mutually independent, parts are redundant, the heat utilization rate is low, and the continuation of the journey mileage is obviously reduced particularly in winter. According to the whole vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle, the composition of the system and the utilization of heat are reasonably planned according to the requirements of each system, so that the cost is reduced, the utilization rate of the heat is improved, and more electric quantity is utilized.
The design idea of the thermal management system provided by the invention is as follows: a set of refrigeration system provides heat for the cab and the battery pack at the same time; a set of warm air system provides heat for the cab and the battery pack at the same time, wherein the heat of the warm air system comes from the heat absorbed by the heat pump system from the external environment, and the extreme special working condition is heated by using the water PTC, so that the heat with quick response or high power is satisfied; the electric control cooling system of the motor is cooled by a radiator; in addition, the fluid of the electric control cooling liquid loop of the motor is mixed with the cooling liquid of the battery pack heat management system, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid of the battery pack loop is increased, and the battery is heated.
The main parts of the invention are as follows:
the heat exchanger outside the vehicle is an air-cooled heat exchanger, only 1 refrigerant heat exchange pipeline is provided, the heat absorption/heat release performance is achieved under the pressure of 0.1-2.8MPa, the refrigerant dissipates heat to the external environment in the air conditioning system, the heat is absorbed from the external environment in the heat pump system, and the heat exchanger outside the vehicle can be driven by an electronic fan. The evaporator is an air-cooled heat exchanger and only has 1 refrigerant heat exchange pipeline. The water-cooled condenser is a liquid-cooled heat exchanger and is provided with 2 heat exchange pipelines, a medium on one side is a refrigerant, a medium on the other side is cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid absorbs heat from the high-temperature refrigerant side. The plate heat exchanger is a liquid-cooled heat exchanger and comprises 3 heat exchange pipelines, 1 refrigerant heat exchange pipeline and 2 cooling liquid pipelines, wherein the low-temperature refrigerant cools the cooling liquid of the adjacent channel, and the cooling liquid with higher temperature heats the cooling liquid of the adjacent channel. The compressor is an electric compressor, and the compressor drives a circulation of a refrigerant. The first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve adjust the flow of the loop. The thermostatic expansion valve regulates the flow of the cab refrigeration circuit. The gas-liquid separator is located at the inlet pipe of the compressor, and prevents the compressor from liquid impact and oil shortage. The first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are normally opened, the second electromagnetic valve is normally closed, the pipe diameter of the valve is matched with a refrigerant pipeline, and an air conditioner refrigerating channel is communicated with the refrigerant in a default state.
The warm air water tank is an air-cooled heat exchanger and 1 cooling liquid pipeline and provides heat for the cab. The water PTC is a positive temperature coefficient thermistor heater, and heats the cooling liquid of the loop. And the first three-way valve is a one-position two-way on-off three-way water valve, so that the on-off of the AB or AC can be realized, and the on-off of the corresponding flow channel can be controlled. The first water pump is an electronic water pump with adjustable speed and controls the flow of the loop. The radiator is an air-cooled radiator, can be provided with an electronic fan and 1 cooling liquid pipeline, and dissipates the heat of the cooling liquid to the external environment through the radiator. The second water pump is an electronic water pump with adjustable speed and controls the flow of the loop. The second one-way valve is a one-way valve or a check valve, so that the fluid can flow in a preset direction and cannot flow back, and the damage caused by the backflow of the cooling liquid is prevented. The second three-way valve is a one-position two-way on-off three-way water valve, so that the on-off of the AB or AC can be realized, and the on-off of the corresponding flow channel can be controlled. The second water pump is an electronic water pump with adjustable speed and controls the flow of the loop. The four electromagnetic valves are normally closed, and the pipe diameters of the valves are matched with those of the cooling liquid pipelines. The expansion water tank I, the expansion water tank II and the expansion water tank III play a role in stabilizing pressure and supplementing water in the loops, are arranged in front of the water pump inlet and are connected in parallel in the cooling liquid loop.
The whole vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle, disclosed by the invention, comprise the components and the sensors which are connected in a loop in series.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle according to the present invention, which includes an air conditioning system, a heat pump system, a warm air system, a battery pack thermal management system, and a motor electric control cooling system.
The term "connected" as used herein means physically connected refrigerant or coolant lines. For convenience in describing the connections between the components, the intersection of the conduits is referred to as a "junction," as shown in FIG. 1.
The air conditioning system is divided into a cab refrigeration cycle consisting of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first electromagnetic valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a third electromagnetic valve, a thermostatic expansion valve, an evaporator and a gas-liquid separator and a battery pack refrigeration cycle consisting of the compressor, the water-cooled condenser, the first electromagnetic valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, a second electronic expansion valve, a plate heat exchanger and the gas-liquid separator. The heat pump system is a heat pump cycle consisting of a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a second electromagnetic valve and a gas-liquid separator.
The air conditioning system and the heat pump system are connected with the following parts: an output port of the compressor is connected with an input port on the refrigerant side of the water-cooled condenser, an output inlet on the refrigerant side of the water-cooled condenser is connected with a node 1, the other two ends of the node 1 are respectively connected with an input port of a solenoid valve I and an input port of an electronic expansion valve I, an input port of an outdoor heat exchanger is connected with a node 2, the other two ends of the node 2 are respectively connected with an output port of the solenoid valve I and an output port of the electronic expansion valve I, an output port of the outdoor heat exchanger is connected with a node 3, the other two ends of the node 3 are respectively connected with an input port of a solenoid valve II and a node 4, an output port of the solenoid valve II is connected with a node 6, the other two ends of the node 4 are respectively connected with an input port of the solenoid valve III and an input port of the electronic expansion valve II, an output port of the solenoid valve III is connected with an input port of a thermostatic expansion valve, an output port of an evaporator is connected with a node 5, an output port of the electronic expansion valve II is connected with an input port on the refrigerant side of a plate heat exchanger, an output port of the node 5 is respectively connected with an input port of a gas-liquid separator, and an input port of the compressor is connected with an input port of the three ends of the node 5.
The switching between the air-conditioning refrigeration mode and the heat pump mode in the heat management system is realized by controlling the on-off of the electronic expansion valve I, the electronic expansion valve II, the electromagnetic valve I, the electromagnetic valve II and the electromagnetic valve III. If the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are opened, the second electromagnetic valve and the first electronic expansion valve are closed, the opening degree of the second electronic expansion valve is regulated and controlled, air-conditioning refrigeration circulation is achieved, high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor flows to the heat exchanger outside the vehicle for heat dissipation, and refrigeration is conducted on a cab and a battery pack heat management system through the evaporator and the plate heat exchanger respectively. If the electromagnetic valve II is opened, the electromagnetic valve I, the electromagnetic valve III and the electronic expansion valve II are all closed, the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve I is regulated, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the external environment through the outdoor heat exchanger, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compressor is transferred to a cooling liquid loop of the warm air system through the water-cooled condenser.
The warm air system comprises a water pump I, a water-cooled condenser, a water PTC, a warm air water tank, a three-way valve I, a plate heat exchanger and an expansion water tank I. The connections are as follows: the output port of the first water pump is connected with the input port of the cooling liquid side of the water-cooled condenser, the output port of the cooling liquid side of the water-cooled condenser is connected with the input port of the water PTC, the output port of the water PTC is connected with the input port of the warm air water tank, the output port of the warm air water tank is connected with the inlet of the first three-way valve, the output port of one end of the first three-way valve is connected with the cooling liquid input port of the 1 layer of the plate heat exchanger, the cooling liquid output port of the 1 layer of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the node 10, and the other two ends of the node 10 are respectively connected with the other output port of the first three-way valve and the input port of the first water pump. And when the first three-way valve AB is communicated, the warm air system heats the battery pack, and vice versa.
The battery pack heat management system comprises a liquid cooling battery, a three-way valve II, a plate type heat exchanger, a solenoid valve IV, a water pump II, a one-way valve I, a radiator and an expansion water tank II. The connections are as follows: the output port of the second water pump is connected with the input port of the main liquid cooling pipeline of the liquid cooling battery, the output port of the main liquid cooling pipeline of the liquid cooling battery is connected with the input port of the second three-way valve, the output port of the second three-way valve is respectively connected with the input port of the first one-way valve and the input port of the 2-layer cooling liquid of the plate heat exchanger, the output port of the 2-layer cooling liquid of the plate heat exchanger is connected with the node 7, the output port of the first one-way valve is connected with the node 9, the other two ends of the node 9 are respectively connected with the output port of the second one-way valve and the input port of the radiator, the output port of the radiator is connected with the node 8, the other two ends of the node 8 are respectively connected with the input port of the third water pump and the input port of the fourth electromagnetic valve, and the other two ends of the node 7 are respectively connected with the output port of the fourth electromagnetic valve and the input port of the second water pump. The two modes of the second three-way valve realize the control of the refrigeration and different heating modes of the battery pack, when the second three-way valve is switched on AB, the battery pack can be cooled or a warm air system can heat the battery pack, and when the second three-way valve is switched on AC, the heat of the electric control cooling liquid loop of the motor heats the battery pack. When the battery is heated by utilizing the heat of the electric control cooling system of the motor, the electromagnetic valve IV is opened, otherwise, the electromagnetic valve is closed.
The electric control cooling system of the motor comprises the motor, an electric control element, a radiator, a one-way valve 2, a third water pump and a third expansion water tank. The connections are as follows: and cooling pipelines among the electric control components of the motor can be connected in series and in parallel, an outlet of a main circuit of the electric control cooling liquid pipeline of the motor is connected with an input port of the second one-way valve, and an outlet of the third water pump is connected with an inlet of the main circuit of the electric control cooling liquid pipeline of the motor.
When it is necessary to explain, the positional relationship of the components shown in fig. 1 is merely an exemplary explanation, and does not represent an actual mounting orientation and mounting order.
The whole vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle and the electric vehicle can realize multiple working modes under different working conditions, including but not limited to three typical working conditions shown in fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4.
Under the working condition of fig. 2, the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve are opened, the second electromagnetic valve and the first electronic expansion valve are closed, the opening degree of the second electronic expansion valve is regulated and controlled, and the thermostatic expansion valve is regulated and controlled automatically, so that the cold quantity distribution is realized. The refrigerant absorbs heat from the cab through the evaporator and the refrigerant which is changed into low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant through the electronic expansion valve II, absorbs heat of a battery pack cooling liquid loop in the plate heat exchanger, is converged into a compressor, is changed into high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant after being compressed, flows through a water-cooled condenser, does not exchange heat, and enters the heat exchanger outside the vehicle. The air-conditioning refrigeration system can meet the requirement that the temperature of the cab is in a proper temperature range so that the temperature of the battery pack is maintained in a normal working temperature range.
And the second three-way valve AB is communicated, the fourth electromagnetic valve is closed, the cooling liquid coming out of the liquid cooling battery enters the plate type heat exchanger for cooling, and then enters the liquid cooling battery through the second water pump to cool the temperature of the battery core. The rotating speed of the electronic water pump II can be adjusted, and the flow of the cooling liquid in the loop is controlled, so that the temperature of the battery pack is maintained in a normal temperature range. After cooling, the cooling liquid electrically controlled by the motor flows through the radiator to radiate heat to the external environment, and the cooled cooling liquid flows into the electric control part of the motor through the water pump. The rotating speed of the electronic water pump III can be adjusted, the flow of the cooling liquid in the loop is controlled, and the electric control component of the motor is enabled to maintain a normal working interval.
Fig. 3 shows an exemplary case that the heat pump system absorbs heat from the external environment and transfers the heat to the warm air system to heat the cab in the winter driving condition, and the cooling liquid of the electric control cooling circuit of the motor is mixed with the cooling liquid of the heat management system of the battery pack to heat the battery pack.
Under the working condition of fig. 3, the first electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the second electronic expansion valve are closed, the second electromagnetic valve is opened, and the opening degree of the first electronic expansion valve is regulated and controlled to realize the circulation of the heat pump. The low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant absorbs heat from the external environment through the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, enters the compressor, is changed into high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, flows into the water-cooled condenser, dissipates heat to the cooling liquid on the other side, is changed into medium-temperature high-pressure refrigerant, and is changed into low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant through the electronic expansion valve I.
The first three-way valve AC is communicated, the second three-way valve AC is communicated, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, and cooling liquid of the warm air system heats the cab through the warm air water tank. After cooling liquid of the battery pack heat management system and electric control cooling liquid of the motor are mixed and flow through the radiator, a part of cooling liquid flows to an electric control cooling loop of the motor, which is equivalent to that the temperature of the electric control cooling liquid of the motor is reduced after the mixed flow, and electric control components of the motor are continuously cooled; and a part of cooling liquid flows to the battery pack heat management loop, namely the temperature of the cooling liquid for the battery pack heat management system is increased after mixed flow, and the cooling liquid enters the battery pack to heat the battery cell.
Fig. 4 shows an exemplary case where the heat pump system absorbs heat from the external environment and the PTC water heats the battery pack, and the electric motor control cooling system performs self-circulation.
Under the working condition of fig. 4, the first electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the second electronic expansion valve are closed, the second electromagnetic valve is opened, the opening degree of the first electronic expansion valve is regulated and controlled, and the heat pump system absorbs heat from the external environment and transmits the heat to the cooling liquid side of the warm air system through the water-cooled condenser.
A three-way valve AB leads to, and two AB lead to of three-way valve, and cross valve 4 closes, and water PTC opens the heating, makes the coolant temperature rise, heats and plate heat exchanger for battery package thermal management system return circuit for the driver's cabin through the warm braw water tank, makes battery package thermal management system coolant temperature rise and heats the battery. The electric control cooling system of the motor performs self circulation.
The terms "upper", "lower", "outside", "inside", and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-described drawings (if any) are used for distinguishing relative positions without necessarily being construed qualitatively. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The whole vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle is characterized by comprising an air conditioning system, a heat pump system, a warm air system, a battery pack thermal management system and a motor electric control cooling system;
the air conditioning system comprises a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first normally open solenoid valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a third normally open solenoid valve, a thermostatic expansion valve, an evaporator, a second electronic expansion valve, a plate heat exchanger, a gas-liquid separator and a loop formed by connecting sensors in the loop;
the heat pump system comprises a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a second normally closed solenoid valve, a gas-liquid separator and a loop formed by connecting sensors;
the hot air system comprises a first water pump, a water-cooled condenser, a water PTC, a hot air water tank, a first three-way valve, a plate heat exchanger, a first expansion water tank and a loop formed by connecting a sensor;
the battery pack heat management system comprises a liquid cooling battery, a three-way valve II, a plate type heat exchanger, a one-way valve I, a radiator, a normally closed electromagnetic valve IV, a water pump II, an expansion water tank II and a loop formed by connecting sensors;
the electric control cooling system of the motor comprises a loop formed by connecting a motor electric control unit, a one-way valve II, a radiator, a water pump III, an expansion water tank III and a sensor.
2. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the flow path of the air conditioning system refrigerant is as follows: compressor → water-cooled condenser → first normally open solenoid valve → outdoor heat exchanger → third normally open solenoid valve → thermal expansion valve → evaporator → gas-liquid separator → compressor and compressor → water-cooled condenser → first normally open solenoid valve → outdoor heat exchanger → second electronic expansion valve → plate heat exchanger → gas-liquid separator → compressor.
3. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the heat pump system refrigerant flow path is: compressor → water-cooled condenser → first electronic expansion valve → outdoor heat exchanger → second normally closed solenoid valve → gas-liquid separator → compressor.
4. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a flow path of the cooling liquid of the heating system is as follows: the first water pump → the water-cooled condenser → the water PTC → the warm air water tank → the first three-way valve → the (plate heat exchanger) → the first water pump.
5. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack thermal management system coolant flow path is: liquid cooling battery → second three-way valve → plate heat exchanger → second water pump → liquid cooling battery and liquid cooling battery → second three-way valve → first one-way valve → radiator → fourth normally closed solenoid valve → second water pump → liquid cooling battery.
6. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a cooling liquid flow path of the electric control cooling system of the motor is as follows: electric control of the motor → second one-way valve → radiator → third water pump → electric control of the motor.
7. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a first electromagnetic valve is connected in parallel with a first electronic expansion valve and is connected in series in a refrigerant loop between the outdoor heat exchanger and the water-cooled condenser; normally opening the first electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve, normally closing the second electromagnetic valve, closing the first electronic expansion valve, opening the second electronic expansion valve, and defaulting the refrigeration cycle of the air conditioner in a refrigerant loop; and the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve and the second electronic expansion valve are closed, the first electromagnetic valve and the first electronic expansion valve are opened, and the refrigerant loop realizes heat pump circulation.
8. The vehicle thermal management system of the electric commercial vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the water-cooled condenser is used for coupling the heat pump system and the warm air system, and transferring heat absorbed by the heat pump system from the external environment to the warm air system; in the warm air system, a water PTC is included, and when the heat pump system does not absorb enough heat, the water PTC provides auxiliary heat; the water-cooled condenser is disposed at an upstream position of the water PTC.
9. A vehicle thermal management system for an electric commercial vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the coupling of the air conditioning system and the battery pack thermal management system is achieved by a plate heat exchanger having one refrigerant passage and two coolant passages.
10. A pure electric vehicle, characterized in that a complete vehicle thermal management system of an electric commercial vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is installed.
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