CN115828187B - Star-based and foundation lightning data fusion method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fusing lightning data of a star base and a foundation, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting star base and foundation lightning data effective data; (2) Calculating a time threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the star base and the foundation; (3) Calculating a space threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the star base and the foundation; (4) And constructing a data fusion scheme to obtain a localized full-lightning data set. The invention realizes the cross fusion of the lightning data of the satellite base and the foundation, overcomes the shortages, solves the problems of data incompleteness and uncertainty caused by a single information source, and is beneficial to more comprehensively recognizing the lightning activity characteristics. The integrated full-lightning data can be applied to the fields of lightning monitoring and early warning, strong weather analysis, lightning disaster investigation and identification and lightning protection design, and provides scientific support for lightning protection and disaster reduction business service and research work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of meteorological detection data, and particularly relates to a data fusion method based on star base and foundation lightning detection data.
Background
Aiming at the acquisition of large-scale all-lightning (cloud flash and ground flash) data materials, two main modes exist, namely foundation lightning detection based on a lightning electromagnetic radiation transmission theory and satellite-based lightning imaging based on an optical transmission theory. The foundation lightning detection of China mostly adopts VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning locators, and since 2013, 400 sites are totally built in China, and the detection range covers most areas of the land of China. The star-based lightning detection is carried on the first wind cloud No. A star independently developed in China, can perform all-weather gaze detection on all lightning in Asia and ocean regions from a high altitude of 35800km, and also marks a new starting point of lightning detection in China. The electromagnetic pulse of ground flash radiation is mainly concentrated in the VLF section, and the electromagnetic pulse of cloud flash radiation is mostly concentrated in a high frequency band above 1MHz, so that the ground flash detection efficiency of the foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning locator is higher, partial cloud flash data cannot be captured, the foundation lightning locator is easily affected by the underlying surface, the foundation lightning locator (water area and desert) is difficult to be laid in partial areas, the topography and the topography can also cause interference to the propagation of the electromagnetic radiation, and therefore the lightning detection efficiency has regional differences. The star-based lightning imager performs lightning detection from top to bottom, is more sensitive to cloud flash, and weak ground flash is often missed. In addition, star-based lightning detection relies on an optical imaging principle, and the energy, duration and time-space characteristics of an optical signal are extremely easy to be interfered by cloud layers, so that the precision of lightning detection and positioning is directly affected. Therefore, at present, the lightning detection of a single star and foundation cannot obtain perfect and accurate lightning information, and the two detection information need to be complemented with each other. The novel star-based lightning detection data are fused with the traditional foundation lightning detection data, and the method has important significance for truly reflecting lightning holographic information, but the method for fusing the star-based and foundation lightning data is not seen at present because the on-orbit running time of the wind cloud No. A star is shorter.
The ground-based lightning detection is accomplished by analyzing the electromagnetic signal of the lightning radiation. The star-based lightning detection is used for distinguishing a lightning signal from background noise based on the lightning light radiation characteristics so as to capture and position lightning. The star-based lightning detection system and the foundation lightning detection system are different in theory, technology and method, and have differences in lightning detection type, detection efficiency and time-space precision. Therefore, the invention discloses an effective star-ground multi-source lightning detection data collaborative analysis method, which searches the matching characteristics of two types of data, develops cross research and fusion application, and makes up for the shortages of the two types of data so as to make up for the data incompleteness and the uncertainty brought by a single information source, thereby more comprehensively recognizing the lightning activity characteristics to be solved urgently and solving the core problem of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems and the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for fusing the lightning data of a star base and a foundation, which is used for cross fusion of the lightning data of the star base and the foundation and complement each other, so as to make up for the data incompleteness and the uncertainty caused by a single information source and more comprehensively recognize the lightning activity characteristics. The integrated full lightning data can be applied to the fields of lightning monitoring and early warning, strong convection weather analysis, lightning disaster investigation and identification and lightning protection design, and provides scientific support for lightning protection and disaster reduction business service and scientific research work.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for fusing lightning data of a star base and a foundation comprises the following steps:
step S1, effective data in the lightning data of the star base and the foundation are selected: the method comprises the steps of selecting a star-based lightning group product, ground flash back shots and cloud flash pulse data received by a foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioner as fusion effective data, wherein the ground flash back shots and the cloud flash pulse data received by the foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioner comprise occurrence time, position and lightning current intensity;
step S2, determining a time threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the satellite base and the foundation
The fixed longitude and latitude difference is 0.2 degrees, the time window value is changed by taking the time resolution of the satellite-based lightning data as the progressive speed within the range of 0.02s to 2s, the matching degree MP of the satellite-based lightning data and the ground-based lightning data under the specified space-time window is calculated, the inflection point of the change of the matching degree MP is taken as the time threshold, the calculation of the matching degree is obtained by the following steps,
wherein, the matching degree MP represents the ratio of the number of group products capable of being matched with at least one ground flash back impact or cloud flash pulse to the total number of group products detected by the star-based lightning detection under a specified time window and a specified space window; g S The number of group products that can be matched with at least one ground flash back shot or cloud flash pulse; g is the total number of group products detected by satellite-based lightning detection;
step S3, determining a space threshold value of the lightning data fusion of the satellite base and the foundation
Lightning is mostly sent to thunderstorm clouds with radar echo intensity being more than 35dBZ, so that the inventor selects an isolated thunderstorm system with the maximum echo intensity being more than 35dBZ by utilizing the echo characteristics of a meteorological radar, and respectively counts the star base group products corresponding to the thunderstorm system within 6 minutes after echo and ground impact and cloud flash pulse data, and when lightning records detected by the star base and the ground are respectively more than or equal to 2 times, the lightning records are considered to be an effective isolated thunderstorm system.
Selecting an isolated thunderstorm system sample, calculating the distance between the mass centers of lightning clusters detected by a star base and foundation lightning detection system in the evolution process of the same thunderstorm system, and setting the distance corresponding to the 80 th percentile as a space threshold;
and S4, based on the time threshold and the space threshold respectively determined in the steps S2 and S3, the foundation lightning data and the satellite-based lightning data within the space-time threshold range are considered to be overlapped, the overlapped satellite-based lightning data is removed, and the rest satellite-based lightning data and the foundation lightning data are combined to obtain a fused full-lightning data set.
Further, in step S1, the star-based lightning data is from lightning imaging products issued by a star a in the cloud of china, and group products in the star-based lightning data are selected as effective data.
Further, the progressive speed in step S2 is 0.02S.
Further, the number of isolated thunderstorm system samples selected in step S3 is greater than or equal to 100.
Further, the specific process of data fusion in step S4 is as follows:
(1) Aiming at a target area, dividing the target area into grid points in m rows and n columns according to longitude and latitude, interpolating foundation lightning data into uniform grids according to a minimum distance method, and marking the grid points as
；
(2) And eliminating the repeated data. Calculating longitude and latitude distances and time intervals between the star-based group products and ground flash back shots and cloud flash pulse data in each grid, and eliminating group products smaller than a space-time threshold value in a calculation result;
(3) And superposing the star base and foundation lightning data according to the grid points. Interpolation of the remaining star-based group products to the minimum distance methodIn the space grid, it is marked as
. Whether the lightning data captured by the star base or the foundation is detected in each grid point, the lightning occurrence is marked as effective data, namely, the logic operation of a union is adopted, the fused all-lightning data is recorded as C, and then the total lightning times in each grid point are as follows: />
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) By adopting the invention, the star-based and foundation lightning data of China can be gathered and optimized to the greatest extent, the completeness of the full lightning information is improved, and the incomplete information caused by using single-source lightning data is avoided; (2) The method provided by the invention is beneficial to formulating a fusion scheme of region pertinence by calculating the space-time matching threshold value of the target region, thereby accurately reflecting the lightning activity characteristics of the target region and avoiding the occurrence of a cut phenomenon.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fusing lightning data based on a star base and a foundation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a trend of matching degree over a time window according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram showing a space centroid distance of a lightning cluster obtained by detecting a star base and a foundation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed description which are to be understood as being merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting of its scope, and various modifications of the invention, which are equivalent to those skilled in the art upon reading the invention, will fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention discloses a data fusion method based on star-based and foundation lightning detection data. And calculating the matching degree of the lightning data of the satellite base and the foundation under different time granularities through a design sensitivity test, and simultaneously comparing the space difference of the satellite base and the foundation when the thunderstorm system is observed, so that a space-time window threshold value for consistency analysis of the satellite base and the foundation is established. The lightning data within the threshold value is listed as repeated detection data, and the lightning detection data outside the threshold value is taken as supplementary data. The method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of (1) selecting star base and foundation lightning data effective data; (2) Calculating a time threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the star base and the foundation; (3) Calculating a space threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the star base and the foundation; (4) And constructing a data fusion scheme to obtain a localized full-lightning data set. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Star base and foundation lightning data effective data selection
The lightning data issued by the wind cloud No. A star in China are L2-level quantitative products of 'event' and 'group', and the lightning data detected by the foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning locator in China are ground flash back-shooting and cloud flash pulse data. The star-based lightning imager compares the radiation with the background light which is reduced with a threshold value, and the extracted pixels exceeding the threshold value are judged to be events which are the most basic lightning signal units, and on the basis, a 'group' product is generated through space-time clustering calculation. The foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioning instrument records the ground flash back impact and cloud flash pulse time, position and lightning current intensity after step leader through receiving the VLF/LF signals of ground flash back impact and cloud flash pulse radiation. The inventor compares the characteristics of two data products, and the 'group' products in the star-based lightning data correspond to one-time ground flash back striking or cloud flash pulse, so that the data fusion requirement of the invention is met, and therefore, the star-based 'group' products, the ground flash back striking and the cloud flash pulse are selected for data fusion.
(2) Calculating time threshold value of fusion of lightning data of star base and foundation
The time resolution of the group product detected by the wind cloud No. four A star lightning imager in China is 0.02s, and the time resolution of the ground flash back impact and cloud flash pulse detected by the foundation three-dimensional lightning locator is far higher than Yu Xingji detection, and the maximum time resolution can reach 10 -7 s, thus, the detection time resolution of both are combined, and the variation range of the time window is adjusted to 002s to 2s. The inventor considers that the space resolution of the star-based lightning imager at the point below the star is 7.8 km, and the maximum of 20km can be reached at the edge. Therefore, the fixed longitude and latitude difference is 0.2 degrees, the time window value is changed from 0.02s to 2s at the progressive speed of 0.02s, the matching degree MP of the satellite-based lightning data and the foundation lightning data under the specified time-space window is calculated, the inflection point of the change of the matching degree MP is taken as a time threshold, the calculation of the matching degree is obtained by the following formula,
wherein the matching degree MP represents the ratio of the number of the group products capable of matching with at least one ground flash back pulse or cloud flash pulse to the total number of the group products detected by the star-based lightning under a specified time window and space window, G S The number of group products that can be matched with at least one ground flash back shot or cloud flash pulse; g is the total number of group products detected by satellite based lightning detection.
(3) Calculating a spatial threshold for fusion of lightning data of a satellite base and a foundation
The weather radar is used as the most powerful monitoring means of strong convection weather, and the radar echo characteristics can effectively represent thunderstorm dynamics and microphysical characteristics. Research shows that lightning is mostly sent to thunderstorm cloud with radar echo intensity greater than 35dBZ, therefore, the inventor selects isolated thunderstorm systems with maximum echo intensity greater than 35dBZ by utilizing the echo characteristics of meteorological radar, respectively counts the star-based group products corresponding to the thunderstorm systems within 6 minutes after echo and the ground flash pulse data, and is considered to be an effective isolated thunderstorm system when the lightning records detected by the star-based and the ground are respectively greater than or equal to 2 times.
Then, selecting an isolated thunderstorm system sample (the number of samples is more than or equal to 100), calculating the distance between the mass centers of lightning clusters detected by a star base and foundation lightning detection system in the evolution process of the same thunderstorm system, and setting the distance corresponding to the 80 th percentile as a space threshold value in consideration of the data redundancy.
(4) Constructing a data fusion scheme to obtain a localized full-lightning data set
And (3) obtaining a space-time window threshold value of the fusion of the satellite-based and the ground-based lightning data according to the calculation methods of (2) and (3), wherein the ground-based lightning data and the satellite-based lightning data in the space-time threshold value range are considered to be overlapped, the overlapped satellite-based lightning data are removed, and the rest satellite-based lightning data and the ground-based lightning data are combined to obtain a fused full-lightning data set. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (5) preprocessing space grid points. Dividing grid points of m rows and n columns according to longitude and latitude aiming at a target area, interpolating foundation lightning data into uniform grids according to a minimum distance method, and marking as
；
(2) And eliminating the repeated data. Calculating longitude and latitude distance and time interval between the star-based group products and the lightning detection data of the foundation in each grid, and eliminating group products smaller than a space-time threshold value in a calculation result;
(3) and superposing the star base and foundation lightning data according to the grid points. Interpolation of the remaining star-based group products into the space grid according to a minimum distance method, and marking as
. Whether the lightning data captured by the star base or the foundation is detected in each grid point, the lightning occurrence is marked as effective data, namely, the logic operation of a union is adopted, the fused all-lightning data is recorded as C, and then the total lightning times in each grid point are as follows: />
The following is a specific description of the Jiangsu region example from 2019 to 2022, and the procedure is as shown in fig. 1:
(1) Star base and foundation lightning data effective data selection
The lightning data issued by the wind cloud No. A star in China are L2-level quantitative products of 'event' and 'group', and the lightning data detected by the foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning locator in China are ground flash back-shooting and cloud flash pulse data. And selecting star-based group products in the Jiangsu region from 2019 to 2022, and performing ground flash and cloud flash pulse data, and eliminating missing and error data to form an effective data set.
(2) Calculating time threshold value of fusion of lightning data of star base and foundation
The fixed space window is 0.2 degrees, the time window value is changed from 0.02s to 2s at the granularity of 0.02s, the trend of the change of the matching degree along with the time window is shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the time window corresponding to the inflection point of the change of the matching degree is 0.42s, and therefore, the time threshold value of the fusion of the star-based lightning data and the foundation lightning data is determined to be 0.42 s.
(3) Calculating a spatial threshold for fusion of lightning data of a satellite base and a foundation
The isolated thunderstorm samples are selected, 304 samples are counted, the distance between the mass centers of lightning clusters detected by a star base and foundation lightning detection system in the isolated thunderstorm system is calculated, and the percentile values are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 centroid distance percentile between lightning clusters detected by the Star base, foundation
It can be seen that the centroid distance corresponding to the 80 th percentile is 0.21 ℃, so that the 0.21 ℃ is determined as a spatial threshold for fusion of the star base and foundation lightning data.
(4) Constructing a data fusion scheme to obtain a localized full-lightning data set
And (3) obtaining a time window of 0.42s for fusion of the star base and the foundation lightning data according to the calculation methods of (2) and (3), wherein the space window is 0.21, the foundation lightning data and the star base lightning data within the space-time threshold range are considered to be coincident, the coincident star base group products are removed, and the rest star base group products are combined with the foundation lightning data to obtain a full-lightning data set in Jiangsu region.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the trend of matching degree with time window in the embodiment; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the centroid distance between lightning clusters obtained by lightning detection on a star base and a foundation in an embodiment.
The scheme of the invention provides a method for integrating lightning data of a planet base and a foundation based on space-time matching, which makes up the current situation of lightning data missing caused by a single lightning detection source to the greatest extent and is beneficial to acquiring complete full-lightning information. The method for determining the time window threshold and the space window threshold in the scheme of the invention has more pertinence, and the calculation result can be used for knowing the differences of the star-based lightning data and the foundation lightning data in different areas in China, thereby avoiding the occurrence of a cut phenomenon.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to apply the equivalent replacement or modification to the technical solution and the technical concept according to the present invention within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for fusing lightning data of a star base and a foundation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, effective data in the lightning data of the star base and the foundation are selected: the method comprises the steps of selecting a star-based lightning group product, ground flash back shots and cloud flash pulse data received by a foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioner as fusion effective data, wherein the ground flash back shots and the cloud flash pulse data received by the foundation VLF/LF three-dimensional lightning positioner comprise occurrence time, position and lightning current intensity;
step S2, determining a time threshold value of the fusion of the lightning data of the satellite base and the foundation
The fixed longitude and latitude difference is 0.2 degrees, the time window value is changed by taking the time resolution of the satellite-based lightning data as the progressive speed within the range of 0.02s to 2s, the matching degree MP of the satellite-based lightning data and the ground-based lightning data under the specified space-time window is calculated, the inflection point of the change of the matching degree MP is taken as the time threshold, the calculation of the matching degree is obtained by the following steps,
in the matching degree MPThe number of group products which can be matched with at least one ground flash back shot or cloud flash pulse under a specified time window and space window is represented as a ratio of the total number of the group products detected by the star-based lightning detection;G S the number of group products that can be matched with at least one ground flash back shot or cloud flash pulse;Gis the total number of group products detected by the star-based lightning detection;
step S3, determining a space threshold value of the lightning data fusion of the satellite base and the foundation
Selecting an isolated thunderstorm system sample, calculating the distance between the mass centers of lightning clusters detected by a star base and foundation lightning detection system in the evolution process of the same thunderstorm system, and setting the distance corresponding to the 80 th percentile as a space threshold;
and S4, based on the time threshold and the space threshold respectively determined in the steps S2 and S3, the foundation lightning data and the satellite-based lightning data within the space-time threshold range are considered to be overlapped, the overlapped satellite-based lightning data is removed, and the rest satellite-based lightning data and the foundation lightning data are combined to obtain a fused full-lightning data set.
2. The method for merging star-based and ground-based lightning data according to claim 1, wherein: and S1, the star-based lightning data is from lightning imaging products issued by the A star of the China wind cloud No. four, and group products in the star-based lightning data are selected as effective data.
3. The method for merging star-based and ground-based lightning data according to claim 1, wherein: and 3, the number of isolated thunderstorm system samples selected in the step S3 is more than or equal to 100.
4. The method for merging star-based and ground-based lightning data according to claim 1, wherein: the time window progressive speed described in step S2 is 0.02S.
5. The method for merging star-based and ground-based lightning data according to claim 1, wherein: the specific process of obtaining the all-lightning data set in step S4 is as follows:
(1) Aiming at a target area, dividing the target area into grid points in m rows and n columns according to longitude and latitude, interpolating foundation lightning data into uniform grids according to a minimum distance method, and marking the grid points as
；
(2) Removing repeated data, calculating longitude and latitude distances and time intervals between the star base group products and ground flash back shots and cloud flash pulse data in each grid, and removing group products with the calculated results smaller than a space-time threshold;
(3) Overlapping the star base and foundation lightning data according to grid points, interpolating the rest star base group products into a space grid according to a minimum distance method, and marking as
The lightning data captured by the star base or the foundation is detected in each lattice point, and the lightning occurrence is marked as effective data as long as the lightning occurrence, namely, the logic operation of a union is adopted, and the fused all-lightning data is recorded asCThe total lightning number in each grid point is:
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