CN115812563A - Water-saving irrigation method for forest, garden gardening and facility agriculture in mountain area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-saving irrigation method for forest trees, garden gardening and facility agriculture in mountain areas, which comprises the following steps: integrating the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigator into a whole; step b: embedding a plurality of integrated in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators in root layer soil around the fruit trees; step c: arranging a plurality of soil moisture sensors around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device; step d: connecting each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device with a main water delivery pipe through a branch pipe, and then connecting the irrigation devices with an irrigation water source; step e: supplementing water to the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device through an irrigation water source, supplying water to the fruit trees through the in-situ negative pressure device, and continuously monitoring the irrigation effect through a soil moisture sensor; step f: and detecting the quality of the fruit tree product. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for continuously keeping the appropriate moisture state of the root layer soil of the fruit tree while reasonably utilizing the irrigation water to avoid invalid waste, ensuring the growth demand of the fruit tree and being suitable for the technical field of irrigation.

Description

Water-saving irrigation method for forest, garden gardening and facility agriculture in mountainous area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of irrigation, and particularly relates to a water-saving irrigation method for forest trees, garden gardening and facility agriculture in mountainous areas.

Background

The normal growth of the plant can not leave the soil moisture condition suitable for the underground root layer, and the water consumption requirement of the overground canopy part of the plant in the photosynthesis and transpiration process is met. When the water content of the root layer soil of the plant is reduced to a threshold value which can not meet the requirement that the root system of the plant absorbs and utilizes the soil water, the irrigation becomes an important guarantee for maintaining the normal growth of the plant. The main purpose of irrigation is to keep the proper water condition of root layer soil and avoid drought stress of the root layer to affect the normal photosynthetic metabolism of plants. Compared with the physiological and ecological water consumption and water demand processes in plants, the conventional irrigation is the passive 'water supply' of the plants by human initiative, and the water demand of the plants always generates time-space dislocation, so that drought stress often occurs while a large amount of irrigation water is wasted. No matter what irrigation technology is adopted in general irrigation, including most common flood irrigation (ground irrigation), sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and the like, the process that external water enters soil to become soil water completely depends on manual and active actions such as splashing, watering, dripping, pressing and the like or natural water head difference, only part of the water entering the soil enters root layer soil and is absorbed by plant root systems and utilized by canopy photosynthesis and transpiration, and the other part of the water becomes invalid water of plants through seepage, evaporation and the like of the soil, so that the appropriate moisture state of the root layer soil cannot be continuously maintained while a large amount of irrigation water is wasted.

In prior art, for solving traditional irrigation system and carrying out plant irrigation, still can not continuously keep the problem of the suitable moisture state of root layer soil when causing a large amount of irrigation water extravagant, also some plants adopt the negative pressure irrigation technique.

The root system of the plant absorbs water from the soil, the water in the soil moves to the rhizosphere, the water enters the root system of the plant from the rhizosphere soil, the water absorbed by the root system is transported to the overground canopy part through the stem part of the plant, and the water enters the atmosphere through the transpiration of the overground canopy part of the plant, so that a continuous plant water transmission process (SPAC) is formed. The water consumption of the plant overground canopy part is realized, the water content of the root layer soil is reduced, the water potential is reduced, the negative pressure irrigation is realized by utilizing the matrix suction of the root layer soil, the external negative pressure water is actively transported to the plant root layer soil through the driving of the difference of the water potential energy, the root layer soil continuously keeps the adaptive soil water content, and the water consumption requirement of photosynthesis and transpiration in the normal physiological and ecological process of the plant is met. The negative pressure irrigation is driven by a moisture process based on the physiological ecology in the plant field and actively requires water from the outside, and has the advantages of good water saving effect, high water resource utilization rate, strong regulating capability, capability of keeping the soil at a water content suitable for the growth of plants all the time and the like.

The basic conditions for realizing negative pressure irrigation are as follows: 1) Root layer soil unsaturation; 2) The external water keeps constant water potential and keeps stable negative pressure difference with the root layer soil; 3) Effectiveness of distance between outside water and root layer soil; 4) The water potential energy of the air permeable and water impermeable interface is converted efficiently.

Therefore, based on the water migration and transpiration process and rule of field soil, plants and atmospheric continuum (SPAC), the negative pressure irrigation technology actively absorbs and utilizes external water through the matrix potential energy of the plant root layer soil, and automatically pumps water to a high place and irrigates through the soil matrix suction, so that the problem that irrigation water waste and drought stress are contradictory easily caused by various commonly applied positive pressure irrigation technologies is solved.

However, the common negative pressure irrigation in the prior art is limited by a negative pressure difference stabilizing technology and an external environment, the problem of air plug blockage is often encountered in the irrigation water source and the irrigation emitter irrigation process of the negative pressure irrigation, the continuous water source supply cannot be ensured, and the traditional irrigation emitter is limited by the characteristic of water permeability and air impermeability and has higher requirements on water permeable materials. The stable pressure system and the water irrigator are permeable and impermeable, so that the threshold of the application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is improved, the comprehensive cost of the negative pressure irrigation system is increased, and the wide application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is restricted to different degrees.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a water-saving irrigation method for forest trees, garden gardening and facility agriculture in mountainous areas, which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, a traditional irrigation system is adopted for plant irrigation, so that a large amount of irrigation water is wasted, and the proper moisture state of root layer soil cannot be continuously maintained at the same time, and the traditional irrigator is limited by a negative pressure difference stabilizing technology and an external environment during the irrigation process of an irrigation water source for negative pressure irrigation and an irrigator due to the limitation of a negative pressure difference stabilizing technology and the external environment, so that the continuous water source supply cannot be ensured, the traditional irrigator is limited by a water and air impermeable characteristic to have higher requirements on water permeable materials, the comprehensive cost of the negative pressure irrigation system is increased, and the wide application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is restricted to different degrees.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a water-saving irrigation method for fruit trees in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas comprises the following steps:

step a: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigator are integrated into a whole, so that the irrigation device has a stable negative pressure difference control function;

step b: embedding a plurality of integrated in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators in root layer soil around the fruit trees, and enabling the irrigators to be in full contact with the root layer soil;

step c: arranging a plurality of soil moisture sensors around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device for continuously monitoring the irrigation effect;

step d: connecting each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device with a main water delivery pipe through a branch pipe, and then connecting the main water delivery pipe with an irrigation water source;

step e: supplementing water to the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device through an irrigation water source, supplying water to the fruit trees through the in-situ negative pressure device, and continuously monitoring the irrigation effect through a soil moisture sensor;

step f: and detecting the quality of the fruit tree product.

Further, normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment is including moisturizing case and the storage water tank that from top to bottom sets gradually, and the moisturizing case is linked together with irrigation water source through water delivery main pipe and branch pipe, links to each other through the negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe between moisturizing case and the storage water tank, and the emitter sets up between moisturizing case and storage water tank and cladding around the negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe, and the storage water tank passes through the emitter and initiatively supplies water to the fruit tree under soil matrix suction.

Further, negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe top links to each other with the apopore of moisturizing case bottom, and negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe bottom extends to in the storage water tank, and negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe bottom is equipped with the inlet opening that supplies water to the storage water tank, the bore of negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe is greater than the aperture in moisturizing case apopore and storage water tank inlet opening far away.

Furthermore, the number of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices is 3, and the 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are installed in an equilateral triangle and buried around the fruit trees.

Further, the distance between the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the fruit tree is 40cm, and the installation depth is 30cm.

Further, soil moisture sensor quantity is three groups, and the quantity of every group soil moisture sensor is 3, and three soil moisture sensors of group from top to bottom equidistance set up around normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment.

Furthermore, the distance between the three groups of soil moisture sensors is 10cm, the distances between the same group of soil moisture sensors and the soil moisture sensor closest to the fruit tree are 7cm, the dynamic change of the soil moisture in the range of 21cm multiplied by 20cm in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the irrigator is measured, and the monitoring time of the fruit tree irrigation effect is one growth cycle.

The invention also discloses a water-saving irrigation method for landscaping in water-deficient areas, which adopts an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and an irrigation emitter, wherein each sapling with a fixed greening area is provided with a simple water bag (irrigation water source), each sapling is provided with the simple in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigation emitter, and the simple in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigation emitter are connected with the water bag to continuously irrigate the whole critical period of survival of saplings in relation to each other.

The invention also discloses a water-saving irrigation method for the horticultural flowers, which is characterized in that a group of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and an irrigation emitter are sequentially and respectively configured for the potted horticultural flowers in a pot, particularly for courtyard potted horticultural flowers by taking a single group of pot plants as a minimum unit, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are connected with enough irrigation water sources, and continuous water supply is carried out on each single group of pot plants

The invention also discloses a facility and field irrigation agriculture water-saving irrigation method, aiming at facility and field irrigation agriculture, each agricultural crop with a certain planting area is provided with a group of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators, and the groups of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators are connected with an irrigation water source to irrigate the agricultural crops continuously in the growth period.

Compared with the prior art, the irrigation method has the technical advantages that due to the adoption of the irrigation method, the irrigation method has the following steps:

(1) The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device is characterized in that a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are buried at the soil position of the root layer of a fruit tree, an irrigation water source is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices through a water delivery pipe, the root system of the fruit tree absorbs water from a soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices transport the internal negative pressure water into the soil matrix through an irrigation emitter under the suction action of the soil matrix to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the fruit tree, drought stress cannot occur while the irrigation water is greatly wasted, active water supply is carried out through the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices, the irrigation water is reasonably utilized to avoid invalid waste, and meanwhile, the appropriate water state of the root layer soil of the fruit tree can be continuously maintained, so that the normal growth demand of the fruit tree is ensured;

(2) The water at the external irrigation water source is integrated into a water supply, irrigation and pressure control integrated negative pressure difference control system through the water supplementing tank, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe and the water storage tank by the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device, the air plug blocking condition can not occur, the water supply, negative pressure difference control system and the irrigation device are integrated, the whole irrigation process of in-situ negative pressure irrigation of an irrigation water head, the irrigation water source and the irrigation device is not influenced by the air plug blocking, and the cost and the application condition of the pressure control system of the pressure potential difference-fruit tree active soil water supply are greatly reduced.

(3) Through normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment and the emitter of being connected with irrigation water source, carry out lasting moisture supply to water shortage area afforestation, horticulture flowers and plant and field irrigation agriculture, guaranteed the growth demand of plant to the water source, guarantee the plant normal growth when improving the survival rate.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the use of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a soil moisture sensor profile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a change in soil moisture content of a root zone measured by a soil moisture sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of the irrigation quantity of a single emitter in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device according to the embodiment of the invention.

Labeling components: 01-irrigation water source, 02-in-situ negative pressure irrigation device, 21-water replenishing tank, 211-water inlet, 212-float switch, 213-water outlet, 22-negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, 221-water inlet, 23-water storage tank, 24-irrigator, 241-water permeable net, 242-irrigation material, 03-fruit tree, 04-water pipe and 05-soil moisture sensor.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

A water-saving irrigation method for fruit trees in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas comprises the following steps:

step a: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 and the irrigator 24 are integrated into a whole, so that the device has a stable negative pressure difference control function;

step b: embedding a plurality of integrated in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 and irrigators 24 in root layer soil around the fruit trees 03, and enabling the irrigators 24 to be in full contact with the root layer soil;

step c: a plurality of soil moisture sensors 05 are arranged around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 and used for continuously monitoring the irrigation effect;

step d: connecting each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 with a main water delivery pipe through a branch pipe, and then connecting the main water delivery pipe with an irrigation water source 01;

step e: supplementing water to the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 through an irrigation water source 01, supplying water to the fruit trees 03 through the in-situ negative pressure device, and continuously monitoring the irrigation effect through a soil moisture sensor 05;

step f: and detecting the quality of the fruit tree 03 product.

As a preferred embodiment, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 comprises a water replenishing tank 21 and a water storage tank 23 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the water replenishing tank 21 is communicated with an irrigation water source 01 through a main water delivery pipe and branch pipes, the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 are connected through a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, an emitter 24 is arranged between the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 and covers around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, and the water storage tank 23 actively supplies water to the fruit trees 03 through the emitter 24 under the suction action of soil matrix. The top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is connected with the water outlet hole 213 at the bottom of the water replenishing tank 21, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 extends into the water storage tank 23, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is provided with a water inlet hole 221 for supplying water to the water storage tank 23, and the caliber of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is far larger than the aperture of the water outlet hole 213 of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water inlet hole 211 of the water storage tank 23.

As a preferred embodiment, the fruit tree 03 is a fruit tree 03 in a hilly orchard as a test object. The monitoring time of the fruit tree 03 irrigation effect is a growth cycle. The quantity of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 is 3, and the 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are installed in an equilateral triangle and buried around the fruit tree 03. The distance between the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 and the fruit tree 03 is 40cm, and the installation depth is 30cm. Soil moisture sensor 05 quantity is three groups, and the quantity of every group soil moisture sensor 05 is 3, and three soil moisture sensor 05 of group from top to bottom equidistance set up around normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02. The distance between the three groups of soil moisture sensors 05 is 10cm, the distances between the same group of soil moisture sensors 05 and the soil moisture sensor 05 closest to the fruit tree 03 are all 7cm, the dynamic change of the soil moisture of the irrigator 24 in the range of 21cm multiplied by 20cm in the horizontal and vertical directions is measured, and the monitoring time of the irrigation effect of the fruit tree 03 is one growth cycle.

Example 2

The invention also discloses an irrigation system for the water-saving irrigation method, which comprises an irrigation water source 01 and a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 with a stable negative pressure difference control function, wherein the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are uniformly distributed at the root layer soil position of a fruit tree 03, the effectiveness of the distance between outside water and the root layer soil is ensured, the irrigation water source 01 is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 through water pipes 04, each negative pressure irrigation device comprises an irrigation emitter 24, and a plurality of soil moisture sensors 05 for measuring the root layer soil moisture and the negative pressure irrigation effect are arranged around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02, as shown in figure 1. The root system of the fruit tree 03 absorbs water from the soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 transports the internal negative pressure water into the soil matrix through the irrigator 24 under the suction effect of the soil matrix to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the fruit tree 03. Bury a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 in fruit tree 03 root layer soil position underground, irrigation water source 01 is linked together through raceway 04 and a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02, the root system of fruit tree 03 absorbs moisture from the soil matrix and is used for photosynthesis and transpiration, normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 is under the suction effect of soil matrix, realize the stable and lasting initiative feedwater to fruit tree 03 through emitter 24 with inside negative pressure water transportation to the soil matrix, can not take place the arid when avoiding irrigating a large amount of wastes, when rational utilization irrigation water avoids invalid waste, can also continuously keep the suitable moisture state of fruit tree 03 root layer soil, guarantee fruit tree 03 normal growth demand.

The core problems of negative pressure irrigation are the steady negative pressure differential and the continuous water delivery guarantee (no air-lock blockage) between the water source to the emitter 24. Negative pressure differential among ordinary negative pressure irrigation system mainly utilizes the flood peak difference, and flood peak formula negative pressure differential is that the air pressure regulation and control below 1 atmospheric pressure of depositing the water receiver top of irrigation water to form the negative pressure of irrigation water, because can't get rid of the influence that the irrigation water column changes, the negative pressure is undulant in certain extent, and the biggest advantage of the differential negative pressure differential of flood peak is exactly that equipment is simple, but the shortcoming is also very obvious: firstly, the fruit tree 03 needs to be placed in a place higher than a water source, so that the field application is very inconvenient; secondly, the negative pressure which can be maintained is relatively small, and air dissolved in irrigation water under the negative pressure escapes, and is gradually accumulated in the irrigator 24 or the water conveying pipe 04 to easily form air embolism, so that the irrigation water is cut off and the irrigation process is interrupted. Aiming at the defects of the water head type negative pressure difference, the water head differential type negative pressure difference is gradually replaced by the air pressure type negative pressure difference, the air pressure of the air inlet hole below the water storage device with the Martian bottle principle is regulated and controlled below 1 atmospheric pressure, so that constant and stable negative pressure irrelevant to the height of the irrigation water column is formed, and an air pressure type negative pressure difference irrigation system is further developed. Under the action of the air pressure type negative pressure difference, the water source can be placed at a position higher than the irrigator 24, the field application is as convenient as the traditional drip irrigation, and air escaping from irrigation water is automatically collected to the water storage device and cannot stay in the irrigator 24 and the connecting pipeline. Meanwhile, in order to eliminate the condition that the irrigation water flow is blocked by the air plug in the suspended water column method, a negative pressure pump continuous air suction method is designed, namely a method of continuously sucking air by using a negative pressure pump and keeping the circulation of irrigation water is adopted to maintain negative pressure. At present, water columns are still adopted to form negative pressure, and the negative pressure has no greater advantages in the aspects of volume, mass, space occupation and the like and the water head difference technology. Therefore, the negative pressure is maintained by the spontaneous circulating static pressure driven by the potential energy difference between the irrigation water and the soil water, and a negative pressure control system with more efficient performance, smaller volume and lighter weight needs to be developed.

The stable negative pressure difference-the pressure control system for the root system of the fruit tree 03 to actively utilize the soil water of the root layer is unstable and has high cost. The water and air permeable and impermeable characteristics of the irrigator 24 in negative pressure irrigation have strict requirements on material selection, and more provide higher requirements on the negative pressure difference in the water delivery process and the maintenance of irrigation continuity.

As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 includes a water replenishing tank 21 and a water storage tank 23 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the water replenishing tank 21 is communicated with an irrigation water source 01, the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 are connected through a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, an emitter 24 is arranged between the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 and covers around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, and the water storage tank 23 actively supplies water to the fruit tree 03 through the emitter 24 under the suction effect of soil matrix. The top of the water replenishing tank 21 is provided with a water inlet 211, the water inlet 211 is connected with an irrigation water source 01 through a water pipe 04, the water inlet 211 is provided with a float switch 212, the bottom of the water replenishing tank 21 is provided with a water outlet hole 213, and the water outlet hole 213 is connected with the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22. The top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is connected with a water outlet 213 at the bottom of the water replenishing tank 21, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 extends into the water storage tank 23, and a water inlet 221 for supplying water to the water storage tank 23 is arranged at the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22. The caliber of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is far larger than the diameters of the water outlet hole 213 of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water inlet hole 211 of the water storage tank 23.

The system comprises a water replenishing tank 21, a water storage tank 23 and a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 connecting the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23. The core structure is designed as follows: firstly, the water replenishing tank 21 is arranged above the water storing tank 23, and the water replenishing tank and the water storing tank keep stable gravitational potential energy difference; secondly, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is connected with the water supplementing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, so that water in the water supplementing tank 21 enters the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 through gravitational potential energy; thirdly, the diameter of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is far larger than the diameters of the water outlet hole 213 of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water inlet hole 211 of the water storage tank 23.

The core technical working principle of the system for realizing the stable negative pressure difference is as follows: 1) The stable gravitational potential energy difference of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23; 2) The negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 has the characteristic of water and air permeability due to the large and small aperture design. As shown in fig. 2, the irrigation water source 01 is poured into the make-up water tank 21 from the water inlet 211, and the gravitational potential energy drives the water in the make-up water tank 21 to enter the large-aperture negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 through the small-aperture water outlet 213 and to drop into the water storage tank 23 through the small-aperture water inlet 221; the water inlet quantity of the water replenishing tank 21 is far larger than the water outlet quantity of the water outlet hole 213, so that the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is quickly sealed by water from the air inlet channel of the upper water replenishing tank 21; the water dropping from the water replenishing tank 21 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 enters the water storage tank 23 through the water inlet hole 221, the water replenishing tank 21 supplies water to the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, and as the water level in the water storage tank 23 rises, the air inlet channel of the water storage tank 23 at the lower part of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is also sealed by water quickly, so that the air under the atmospheric environmental condition at that time is sealed in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 to form air pressure, namely, air with certain pressure exists in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, the air with certain pressure forms an air pressure water replenishing channel for replenishing water to the water storage tank 23 by the water replenishing tank 21, the upper end and the lower end of the air pressure water replenishing channel are respectively sealed by the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, so that the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is always kept in a water permeable and air impermeable state, and a stable negative pressure difference control system is formed for external water to keep constant water potential and stable negative pressure difference with the root layer soil.

Along with the fact that the water amount of the outside water flowing into the water inlet 211 is larger than the water outlet amount of the water outlet hole 213, the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 rises rapidly, and the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 is automatically controlled through the design of the float switch 212; when the water level rises to a certain height, the float switch 212 automatically closes the water inlet of the irrigation water source 01 at the water inlet 211; (1) the water level of the water storage tank 23 continuously rises along with the continuous supply of the water replenishing tank 21, and the air in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is continuously compressed, so that the air pressure in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is continuously increased compared with the external atmospheric pressure; (2) since the water outlet hole 213 is a micro hole with a small aperture, gas and liquid phases cannot be exchanged (liquid drops while gas escapes upwards); (3) based on the 'Jamin effect' on a gas-liquid interface, when liquid passes through a tiny pore channel, deformation must be generated firstly, the deformation process is used for overcoming the surface tension of liquid phase fluid to do work, so that resistance is generated to resist the liquid phase fluid to continuously drop downwards; moreover, the smaller the inner diameter of the pore channel, the larger the deformation of the specific surface area (the smaller the particle diameter of the water drop, the larger the specific surface area of the water drop), the larger the resistance to acting against the deformation of the water drop, and finally the dropping phenomenon is terminated, so that the water in the water replenishing tank 21 does not drop downwards from the water outlet hole 213, and the water replenishing tank 21 stops replenishing water to the water storage tank 23. The negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 has the key functions that the water-permeable and air-impermeable state is kept for a long time, the water replenishing tank 21 is continuously maintained to continuously replenish water to the water storage tank 23 by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, and the pressure balance of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 is realized through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 to form a dynamic water replenishing process.

In the ordinary negative pressure irrigation, the water pipe 04 connecting the water source and the emitter 24 is easy to be blocked by air plugs, which affects the continuous water supply irrigation of the water source, and the stable negative pressure difference between the water source and the emitter 24 is difficult to maintain, thus becoming a great technical problem in the application process of the negative pressure irrigation. Through the design, the water of the external irrigation water source 01 passes through the water supplementing tank 21, the float switch 212, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the water storage tank 23 to realize a negative pressure difference control system integrating water supply, irrigation and pressure control, and the air plug blockage situation can not occur.

On the basis of a negative pressure control system integrating water supply, irrigation and pressure control, the irrigator 24 is integrated into the system, so that the system design of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 buried in the root soil is formed. As shown in FIG. 3, on the basis of the integrated design of the water supply, irrigation and stable negative pressure control system in FIG. 2, an irrigation emitter 24 is arranged around a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and extends below the water level of a water storage tank 23, so that a root layer soil in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 integrating the water supply, stable negative pressure and the irrigation emitter 24 is formed. When the root soil absorbs water from the irrigator 24 and the water potential of the irrigator 24 is low, the root soil absorbs water from the water storage tank 23, and the water supplementing tank 21 is driven by gravitational potential energy to supplement water for the water storage tank 23 along with the reduction of the water level of the water storage tank 23; as the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 is reduced, the float switch 212 is turned on, the external irrigation water source 01 begins to enter the water replenishing tank 21, and water source supply is carried out on the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22; when the root soil contacted by the emitter 24 reaches water saturation and no longer absorbs water from the water storage tank 23, the water replenishing tank 21 stops replenishing water to the water storage tank 23, and the float switch 212 is turned off. Therefore, the irrigator 24 integrated with the water replenishing tank 21, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the water storage tank 23 realizes the 'in-situ negative pressure irrigation' of water supply, negative pressure difference control and irrigation on the soil of the root layer of crops, and the negative pressure irrigation process is not influenced by various uncertain factors of the original negative pressure irrigation water source 01, the water pipe 04, the irrigator 24 and a pressure control system, particularly the problem of air bolt blockage.

The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is directly buried in the root soil of the fruit tree 03 to be irrigated, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the fruit tree 03 can be implemented by connecting an irrigation water source 01. As shown in figure 4, when the water content of the root soil of the fruit tree 03 is reduced and the soil water potential is reduced and driven by the soil matric potential, the root soil starts to absorb water from the irrigator 24, the irrigator 24 absorbs water from the water storage tank 23 until the water potential of the irrigator 24 and the soil in contact with the water reaches saturation, the irrigator 24, the water storage tank 23 and the water replenishing tank 21 reach the balance, when the root soil is saturated, the water supply is stopped, and when the root soil is unsaturated, water is required to the external water storage tank 23 through the irrigator 24, so that the limitation of the unsaturated factor of the root soil is avoided. When the absorption and utilization of the root system of the fruit tree 03 to the soil water are reduced to the extent that the requirement of photosynthesis and transpiration cannot be met, the root layer soil of the fruit tree 03 actively needs water from the outside, and the general irrigation defect can be avoided. Driven by the physiological activities of photosynthesis and transpiration water consumption of the fruit trees 03, artificial passive water supply of the fruit trees 03 is changed into active water supply of the fruit trees 03, and external water in root soil layers is changed into continuously suitable soil water to be absorbed and utilized by the fruit trees 03.

Based on the negative pressure difference control system, the water supply, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the irrigator 24 are integrated into a whole to form the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 buried in the root layer soil of the fruit tree 03, and the stable negative pressure difference is not influenced by the material of the water conveying pipe 04 and the material of the irrigator 24 through in-situ negative pressure irrigation on the root layer soil of the fruit tree 03, so that various adverse limiting factors in the processes of water source 01, water conveying, irrigation and the like of the traditional negative pressure irrigation are eliminated.

As a preferred embodiment, the water storage tank 23, the water replenishing tank 21 and the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 are made of PVC material. The emitter 24 includes an irrigation material 242, and the irrigation material 242 is filled in the water storage tank 23 and is covered around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 by a water permeable net 241. The irrigation material 242 is made of a water permeable material with good water permeability and durability. Irrigation water source 01 adopts irrigation water source 01 of liquid manure integration function, can make things convenient for the nutrient supply of fruit tree 03 more, guarantees that fruit tree 03 is healthy and strong to grow.

In the invention, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 which integrates a water supply, irrigation and negative pressure difference control system and the irrigator 24 and is buried in the root soil of the fruit tree 03 is successfully developed through corresponding design and process by purchasing water seepage materials of the common irrigator 24 in the market. As shown in figure 3, the upper part is an integrated integration of the water inlet 211, the water supplementing tank 21 and the float water control valve, the lower part is a water storage tank 23, the middle part is a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 integrated with the irrigator 24, and finally, the upper connection part and the lower connection part are integrated into a whole through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22. The device is directly embedded into the root layer soil at the proper position of the fruit tree 03 to be irrigated, and any water source for irrigation is switched on, so that the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the root layer soil of the fruit tree 03 can be implemented.

The emitter 24 is the most important device for negative pressure irrigation, the material of the emitter 24 is required to be water-permeable and air-impermeable, and the current common emitter 24 is usually made of ceramic materials, so that the ceramic emitter 24 with the length of more than several meters is difficult to manufacture due to the limitation of the sintering process in the production process. The ceramic emitter 24 has poor toughness, is fragile and high in cost, the cost of the ceramic emitter at least accounts for more than 90% of the total cost of the whole system, the problem of micropore blockage is not effectively solved, other materials comprise fibers, polyvinyl formal foam (PVFM) and the like, the materials have certain advantages compared with ceramics, and the manufactured emitter 24 has good water permeability and is not easy to break. These new materials are much better than the ceramic irrigator 24, but the time durability, environmental protection performance, anti-blocking performance and the like of the materials in soil are not fully verified, and whether the industrial large-scale production can be realized is still proved only by carrying out the manual die method production in a laboratory; the cement-based concrete is a high-hydrophilicity microporous material, does not need to be sintered, can be easily manufactured into a pipe with the length of 5 meters or more, has wide raw materials and low price, and can be theoretically used for manufacturing the negative pressure irrigation emitter 24, however, the existing foaming method and foaming agent of the cement-based concrete are mainly used for forming heat-insulating, flame-retardant, anti-seepage and sound-insulating building and decoration materials, the pores of the existing foaming method and foaming agent of the cement-based concrete are closed pores with the size of more than 100 micrometers, and much research is needed on how to obtain the cement-based foamed concrete which has high water permeability, micron-sized open pore structures and is suitable for negative pressure irrigation. The low cost, durability, and universal applicability of the emitter 24 is lacking. The irrigator 24 is an interface for converting external water into soil water, and is an important factor influencing the negative pressure irrigation rate, and the high-performance negative pressure water seepage material is the core content of the research on the negative pressure irrigation technology. The traditional negative pressure water seepage material is a pottery clay head, has no flexibility, is fragile, has poor processability and high price, improves the water seepage device material, develops a new water irrigator 24 which is cheap, easy to produce and generally applicable, and realizes the large-scale application of negative pressure irrigation. Therefore, the research and development of cheap high-efficiency potential energy conversion interface materials such as capillary tube materials with high hydrophilicity, low reverse osmosis pressure, high water delivery rate and high water delivery height is an important aspect in relation to the performance of the irrigator 24, the pressure difference and the cost of a water delivery and negative pressure irrigation system.

Therefore, it should be further explained that, because the present invention has the "water and air permeable" performance of the negative pressure difference stabilizing tube 22, the material of the emitter 24 of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is not limited by the "water and air permeable" performance, and various available water permeable materials in the market can be selected according to the practical use environment and cost accounting, the most original quartz sand, the commonly used ceramic, and the more advanced new material can be used to form a water potential energy efficient conversion interface, and the water permeable material of the emitter 24 in the embodiment of fig. 3 is ceramic. The size of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, the water level (H and H), the length of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the irrigator 24 and the like of the device can be optimized and combined in various adaptability according to the actual agricultural production, and the requirements of different field irrigation conditions are met. The invention discloses a water-permeable and air-impermeable negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, a water supplementing tank 21 and a water storage tank 23, which are driven by gravity to form a stable negative pressure difference control system, thoroughly solves the problem of air plug blockage in the irrigation process of the irrigation water source 01 water supply and the irrigator 24 of the conventional negative pressure irrigation, and can ensure the continuous supply of the irrigation water source 01 ground.

In summary, the water-saving irrigation system provided by the invention has the following characteristics:

1. the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 realizes the integration of a water supply and negative pressure difference control system and an irrigator 24, so that the whole irrigation process of in-situ negative pressure irrigation of an irrigation water head, an irrigation water source 01 and the irrigator is not influenced by air plug blockage, and the cost and the application condition of the pressure potential difference-fruit tree 03 active soil water supply pressure control system are greatly reduced.

2. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is integrally designed with the water supply and irrigation device 24 through a negative pressure difference control system, so that in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the root soil of the fruit tree 03 is realized, the negative pressure irrigation is not influenced by the height of a water head any more, the negative pressure irrigation can be realized in a place suitable for an irrigation water source 01, and the wide applicability of the negative pressure irrigation is greatly improved.

3. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 reduces the high requirements of the irrigator 24 on water permeable materials. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 provided by the invention reduces the negative pressure irrigation cost, thoroughly changes the field application limit of common negative pressure irrigation, enables the in-situ negative pressure irrigation to be more flexible, diversified and changeable in field application, adapts to different field conditions, greatly reduces the cost, has wider application and is more reliable in tolerance.

4. The negative pressure difference control system reduces the limitation of the prior negative pressure irrigation on the materials of the irrigator 24, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 eliminates the disadvantage of the prior negative pressure irrigation that the prior irrigation water source 01, water delivery and irrigator 24 are frequently blocked by air plugs, reduces the requirement threshold of the prior negative pressure irrigation on the environmental conditions, and changes the future application scene and design idea of the negative pressure irrigation.

5. The invention provides a negative pressure irrigation operation system with high timeliness and durability, namely a water-saving irrigation system. All current negative pressure irrigation studies can be roughly divided into three types from the test method point of view: the method comprises an indoor test, a pot experiment and a field experiment, wherein the research content of the indoor test mostly does not include the influence of the fruit tree 03, however, the fruit tree 03 with short growth cycle is selected in the research of the indoor test and the field experiment, and the verification of the long-term running state of the negative pressure irrigation system is lacked. In order to be applied and popularized, the durability and adaptability of the operation of the whole system are necessary requirements.

Example 3

In order to verify the actual application effect of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation technology, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is subjected to an irrigation test in an orchard. The fruit trees 03 are water-consuming fruit trees 03 important for irrigation agriculture, the province in Hebei is a big province for fruit planting, and the area of the orchard in the whole province in 2021 year is 783 ten thousand mu. The yield per unit of the orchard in Hebei province keeps a higher level for years, and is also a great fruit production province, the average yield per mu reaches 1353 kg/mu, and the total yield reaches a level of more than 1000 ten thousand tons. The high level of energy production in the orchard is maintained thanks to the support of irrigation. Meanwhile, the fruit tree 03 used as a high-water-consumption fruit tree 03 reduces the amount of irrigation water resources and improves the utilization efficiency of irrigation water and the production efficiency of water along with the implementation of underground water pressure mining in the whole province, and is a necessary requirement for orchard production. Experiments and demonstrations are carried out on the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 in a typical apple orchard in Hebei province, and the irrigation effect, the water saving performance, the yield, the quality, the stability, the durability and the like of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 are comprehensively verified.

(I) application area overview and design of experiments

The orchard distribution in Hebei province is mainly two typical types, namely a hilly orchard mainly located in the west Taihang mountain area and a plain orchard in the east plain area. Wherein irrigation water resources of hillside orchards are more in short supply, and the application conditions of irrigation technologies are worse. Therefore, the application test of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 provided by the invention selects a mountainous apple orchard with harsher irrigation conditions, and carries out long-term test and demonstration. The apple orchard is located at Jing\38473of Shijiazhuang city, yinling agriculture development Limited county, which is a typical mountain apple orchard. The test starts in early spring of 2002, the growing season of apples is 3-10 months in 2022, the area of an apple orchard is 1 mu in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test, the variety is Guoguang, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of fruit trees are 3m multiplied by 4 m. The area of the control apple orchard is also 1 mu, the variety and the planting conditions are the same as those of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test, the irrigation mode is the most common ground flood irrigation in the local traditional application (the common negative pressure irrigation has higher cost, is limited by technical factors and environmental conditions in all aspects, and the application conditions are limited), so that the most common flood irrigation is used as the control test in the invention.

In-situ negative pressure irrigation test apple orchard is designed as shown in figure 1, a water pipe 04 comprises a main water pipe 04 and branch pipes, an irrigation water source 01 comes out and enters the main water pipe 04 among the rows of fruit trees 03, each fruit tree 03 is connected to an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 through the branch pipes and the main water pipe 04, 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are designed for each fruit tree 03, and effectiveness of distance between outside water and root soil is guaranteed. The actual application scene of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 in the apple orchard is shown in figure 1. With the fruit tree 03 as the center, 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are installed in an equilateral triangle and buried around the fruit tree 03. Each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is installed at a position 40cm away from the trunk, and the installation depth is 30cm.

(II) monitoring irrigation effect of in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02

The water seepage process of soil moisture when normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 irrigates water in the irrigation phase, that is to say the irrigation effect of fruit tree 03 root layer soil, as shown in fig. 5, through arranging soil moisture sensor 05 around normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02, the continuous monitoring of irrigation effect has been carried out. As shown in FIG. 6, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation effect is verified by measuring the water seepage process of the emitter 24 and the change of the water content of the root soil. Randomly selecting an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 from an in-situ negative pressure irrigation test apple orchard, and sequentially installing No. 4, 5 and 6 soil moisture sensors 05 at the center of an irrigator 24 of the device along the horizontal direction at intervals of 7 cm; the soil moisture sensors 1, 2 and 3 are sequentially arranged 10cm above the translation of the soil moisture sensors 4, 5 and 6, and the soil moisture sensors 7, 8 and 9 are sequentially arranged 10cm below the translation. The dynamic change of soil moisture in the range of 21cm × 20cm in the horizontal and vertical directions of the emitter 24 was measured by 9 soil moisture sensors 05. The measurement is carried out for 30 days from 1 to 30 days of 6 months in 2022, and the measurement data of the sensor is collected at 16 points every day at fixed time.

1. Root layer soil water retention effect

By monitoring the soil moisture of the root layer with the horizontal distance of 21cm and the depth of 20cm of the irrigator 24 of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02, the irrigation effect is accurately measured, and the result is shown in fig. 6. From 6 months and 1 days to 30 days in 2022, all the soil moisture measured by the soil moisture sensor 05 shows a stable state, which indicates that the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 can continuously and stably irrigate the root layer soil. The soil water content is always kept at a high level which is close to or above 35% of the volume water content of the soil, and the soil water content is close to the field water holding capacity by 1, 4, 7 and 2, 5 and 8 sensors within 4cm of the irrigator 2414. The soil moisture is obviously reduced to about 25 to 30 percent of the volume water content of the soil and about 70 percent of the field water capacity by sensors of 3, 6 and 9 which are at a distance of 2421cm from the irrigator. The water content of the soil between different depths does not change greatly. The above results show that: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 shows obvious continuity and stability of irrigation of an irrigator; the water content of the soil is obviously reduced at a distance of 2420cm from the irrigator, so that the root soil moisture can be kept at the field water holding level at a distance of 40cm between the irrigators 24.

The irrigation quantity of 3 irrigation emitters 24 per day of each fruit tree 03 is measured, the measurement time is from 6 months and 1 day to 30 days, and as shown in fig. 7, the change range of the irrigation quantity per day of each fruit tree 03 is 2500-3500ml. The fruit trees 03 transpire every day with different water consumption and correspondingly fluctuating water irrigation amount every day under the influence of weather factors such as rainfall, air temperature, sunshine and the like on transpiration. The result shows that the daily irrigation water demand of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 truly represents the daily transpiration water consumption rule of the fruit tree 03 and reflects the active water supply process of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the fruit tree 03.

2. Water saving effect

The irrigation amount of the apple orchard for the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test and the control apple orchard for the traditional flood irrigation is measured from 3 months and 20 days of early spring management of the apple orchard to 10 months and 25 days of fruit drop. The irrigation amount of an apple orchard in an in-situ negative pressure irrigation test in the period is measured while the irrigation of a control apple orchard in conventional large-scale flood irrigation is measured, and the result is shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison table of irrigation quantity of apple orchard and comparison apple orchard in-situ negative pressure irrigation test

Date	Irrigation quantity (square/mu) of in-situ negative pressure irrigation	Contrast irrigation quantity (square/mu)
			2022.3.20	--	40
2022.5.20	10.9	40
			2022.7.18	11.8	30
2022.9.10	9.5	30
			2019.10.25	9.0	--
Total up to	41.2	140

In the same growing period, the irrigation quantity of the control apple orchard of the traditional large water flood irrigation is 3-4 times of that of the apple orchard of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test. In the whole annual growing period, the irrigation quantity of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test is 41.2 square/mu, and the irrigation quantity of a control apple orchard in the traditional flood irrigation is 140 square/mu, which is 3.4 times of that of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test. Compared with the control, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 saves 70.6% of irrigation water.

3. Yield and quality effects

03 and 30 fruits of 10 fruit trees are randomly taken from the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test and the control apple orchard, the yield, the single fruit weight and the sugar content of the apples are measured, and the results are shown in the following table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of yield and quality of apple orchards for in-situ negative pressure irrigation test and control apple orchards

	Weight of single fruit (kg)	Yield (kg/mu)	Sugar degree (%)
				In-situ negative pressure irrigation	0.256	2570.3	16.7
CK (flood irrigation)	0.251	2489.5	18.0
				Ratio of increase to CK (%)	5.50	3.25	7.70

The result shows that the yield of the control group is 2489.5 kg/mu, the yield of the test group is 2570.3 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 3.25%; the sugar content of the control group is 16.7 percent, the sugar content of the test group is 18.0 percent, and the sugar content is increased by 7.7 percent; the weight of a single fruit in a control group is 0.251 kg, and the weight of a single fruit in a test group is 0.265 kg, which is increased by 5.5%. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 improves the yield, the weight and the sugar content of the apples to different degrees, and is beneficial to improving the yield and the quality of the apples to a certain degree.

According to the invention, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is directly arranged on the root layer soil of the fruit tree 03 for irrigation, so that various technical problems and environmental limitations existing in the conventional negative pressure irrigation application are broken through, the application cost of the negative pressure irrigation technology is reduced, the application scene of the negative pressure irrigation technology is expanded, and good test and demonstration effects are obtained in a mountainous apple orchard. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 integrating water supply, pressure control and irrigation has larger optimization space according to the change of application scenes, and meanwhile, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation technology changes the design idea of the conventional negative pressure irrigation application to a certain extent. In-situ negative pressure irrigation technology will show more and more obvious advantages in various irrigation orchard applications, and has more potential prospects in the following aspects.

Example 4

A water-saving irrigation method for landscaping in water-deficient area features that a simple water drum (irrigation water source 01) is used for each sapling with a fixed greening area, and a simple water drum (irrigation water source 01) is used for each sapling, and said simple water drum (irrigation water source 02) and said simple water-saving irrigation emitter (irrigation emitter 24) are connected to each sapling for continuous irrigation in the key period of survival of saplings.

At present, the main problem of garden and greening engineering such as vast mountain area greening, afforestation and the like in China is that survival problem caused by water shortage of planted saplings seriously influences survival rate and greening effect. Through traditional irrigation, not only is the cost high, the degree of difficulty big, and some places just can't implement, especially on the hillside, even if can irrigate once, its validity is very short. By the method, water can be continuously supplied to the saplings from planting to survival and growth, irrigation manpower and material cost is reduced, the sapling survival rate is guaranteed, and greening effect is improved.

Example 5

A water-saving irrigation method for flower and plant in garden features that a single-group of potted plants is used as a minimum unit, and a group of in-situ negative-pressure irrigation unit 02 and an irrigation emitter 24 are sequentially and respectively arranged, and the in-situ negative-pressure irrigation unit 02 is connected with an enough irrigation water source 01 for continuously supplying water to each single-group of potted plants.

Many gardening flowers are potted plants, and the water management of each potted plant is also a very tedious work and is always disturbed by too much or too little water irrigation. Particularly, gardening and flowers are increasingly entering the courtyard, and the garden flowers are dead often because no one timely takes care of watering. Each potted gardening flower is connected with enough irrigation water source 01 only by matching with the proper in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 and the irrigator 24, so that the water source of the gardening flower is ensured to be continuously supplied, all the things become carefree, worry-free, labor-saving and convenient.

Example 6

A water-saving irrigation method for facility and field irrigation agriculture is characterized in that each agricultural crop with a certain planting area is provided with a group of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 and emitters 24, and the groups of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 and emitters 24 are connected with an irrigation water source 01 to continuously irrigate the growth period of the agricultural crops.

With the increasing shortage of water resources, the conditions of irrigation water for facility and field agriculture become more and more severe, and the traditional irrigation by positive pressure irrigation, such as spray irrigation, drip irrigation, infiltrating irrigation and the like, begin to be popularized and applied in the two fields. Through further miniaturization, dexterity, durability and other optimization designs and combinations of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02, the irrigator 24 and the irrigation water source 01, the device can be buried in soil below 20cm for a long time, replaces the traditional underground drip irrigation and infiltrating irrigation to irrigate and supply water to facilities and field agriculture, greatly reduces the energy consumption of the traditional positive pressure irrigation, and has wider application prospect.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A water-saving irrigation method for fruit trees in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step a: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigator are integrated into a whole, so that the irrigation device has a stable negative pressure difference control function;

step b: embedding a plurality of integrated in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators in root layer soil around the fruit trees, and enabling the irrigators to be in full contact with the root layer soil;

step c: arranging a plurality of soil moisture sensors around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device for continuously monitoring the irrigation effect;

step d: connecting each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device with a main water delivery pipe through a branch pipe, and then connecting the main water delivery pipe with an irrigation water source;

step e: supplementing water to the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device through an irrigation water source, supplying water to the fruit trees through the in-situ negative pressure device, and continuously monitoring the irrigation effect through a soil moisture sensor;

step f: and detecting the quality of the fruit tree products.

2. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device comprises a water replenishing tank and a water storage tank which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the water replenishing tank is communicated with an irrigation water source through a water delivery main pipe and a branch pipe, the water replenishing tank is connected with the water storage tank through a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, an emitter is arranged between the water replenishing tank and the water storage tank and is coated around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, and the water storage tank actively supplies water to fruit trees under the action of soil matrix suction through the emitter.

3. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is connected with a water outlet hole at the bottom of the water replenishing tank, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe extends into the water storage tank, a water inlet hole for supplying water to the water storage tank is formed in the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, and the diameter of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is far larger than the diameter of a water outlet hole of the water replenishing tank and the diameter of a water inlet hole of the water storage tank.

4. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the quantity of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices is 3, and the 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are installed in an equilateral triangle and buried around fruit trees.

5. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the distance between the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the fruit tree is 40cm, and the installation depth is 30cm.

6. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 1, wherein: soil moisture sensor quantity is three groups, and the quantity of every group soil moisture sensor is 3, and three soil moisture sensors of group from top to bottom equidistance set up around normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment.

7. The water-saving irrigation method for the fruit trees in the mountainous area and the semi-mountainous area as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the distance between the three groups of soil moisture sensors is 10cm, the distances between the same group of soil moisture sensors and the soil moisture sensor closest to the fruit tree are all 7cm, the dynamic change of the soil moisture of the irrigation emitter in the range of 21cm multiplied by 20cm in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is measured, and the monitoring time of the irrigation effect of the fruit tree is one growth cycle.

8. A water-saving irrigation method for landscaping in water-deficient areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method adopts an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and an irrigation emitter, wherein each sapling with a fixed greening area is provided with a simple water bag (irrigation water source), each sapling is provided with the simple in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigation emitter, and the simple in-situ negative pressure irrigation device and the irrigation emitter are connected with the water bag to continuously irrigate the whole critical period related to sapling survival.

9. A water-saving irrigation method for gardening flowers is characterized in that: for potted horticultural flowers, in particular for courtyard potted horticultural flowers, a group of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigation emitters are sequentially and respectively configured by taking a single group of potted plants as a minimum unit, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are connected with enough irrigation water sources to continuously supply water for each single group of potted plants.

10. A water-saving irrigation method for agricultural facility and field irrigation is characterized in that: aiming at facility and field irrigation agriculture, each agricultural crop with a certain planting area is provided with a group of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators, and the multiple groups of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices and irrigators are connected with an irrigation water source to irrigate the agricultural crops continuously in the growth period.

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