CN115812545A - Method for reducing nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability of rice - Google Patents
Method for reducing nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN115812545A CN115812545A CN202211348254.3A CN202211348254A CN115812545A CN 115812545 A CN115812545 A CN 115812545A CN 202211348254 A CN202211348254 A CN 202211348254A CN 115812545 A CN115812545 A CN 115812545A
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 267
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 179
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium feredetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O MKWYFZFMAMBPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002582 Oryza sativa Indica Group Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- UWSAIOMORQUEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;iron(5+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+5].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O UWSAIOMORQUEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002105 relative biological effectiveness Effects 0.000 description 2
- LKZLBQPNDYMRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;iron;sodium Chemical compound [Na].[Fe].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O LKZLBQPNDYMRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHJWSKNOMFJTDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KHJWSKNOMFJTDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L iron(ii) gluconate Chemical compound [Fe+2].OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SRFKWQSWMOPVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O SRFKWQSWMOPVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability of rice by spraying ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt on leaf surfaces. The invention adopts a biological strengthening measure to improve the content of iron element in rice grains and synchronously reduce the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of the rice grains. Different from the traditional method for reducing the nickel accumulation of the rice by complex and time-consuming means such as soil remediation and the like, the method disclosed by the invention synchronously reduces the nickel content and the nickel bioavailability of the rice in a double-pipe manner by a simple method of spraying the ferric sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate on the leaf surfaces, and improves the iron nutrition quality of the rice. The invention establishes new nickel exposure health risk prevention and control measures and makes new contribution to the food safety guarantee capability of China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of heavy metal control, and particularly relates to a method for reducing rice nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability.
Background
The most widely studied heavy metals in the environmental field, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury and the like, mostly come from the artificial pollution behaviors of coal burning, industrial three-waste emission, traffic tail gas, pesticides and fertilizers and the like. However, the nickel element pollution of the soil is mainly caused by the weathering of the high background value and the background matrix of the soil. Basalt weathered soil widely exists in eastern areas of China, wherein the background value of nickel is 24.6-422mg kg -1 And is 3.68 times of the average value of the soil nickel background worldwide. Excessive nickel intake can lead to skin inflammation, trachoma, slownessPharyngitis, tracheitis, and even cancer. The nickel element in the soil is easily enriched in rice grains and is taken by people along with rice eating, so that potential adverse effects are generated. The intake of nickel element by rice is considered to be the major route of nickel exposure for the population. Therefore, how to conveniently, reasonably, effectively and safely control the health risk of nickel intake by rice in areas with high nickel background value becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The most widespread technique at present is to reduce the nickel accumulation of rice by taking measures such as remediation of contaminated soil or application of passivator, screening of low-nickel-accumulation rice varieties, and the like, but either method requires enormous manpower and financial resources and time cost for exploration.
Considering that the rice has the problem of biological effectiveness after being ingested into human bodies, namely only the nickel element with the biological effectiveness part can be absorbed by digestive tracts and enters blood circulation, the nickel biological effectiveness control method is undoubtedly an effective nickel exposure control measure for human bodies by controlling the nickel biological effectiveness of the rice. Early studies demonstrated that nickel and iron have relatively similar chemical properties and environmental behaviors, and iron absorption channels existing in the digestive tract of the human body are also the main pathways for nickel absorption. On the other hand, the absorption pathways of nickel and iron elements in plants are also considered to be common, and iron content is enhanced in plants by spraying iron elements on leaf surfaces, so that competition of iron and nickel in the transportation process in plants can be promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
At present, the nickel absorption and accumulation of rice to nickel are indirectly reduced by reducing the activity of soil nickel and passivating nickel elements when the risk of human health hazards of rice nickel is prevented and controlled, the nickel accumulation is directly reduced from the level of rice plants, and the corresponding biological effectiveness regulation and control measures are developed from the perspective of the biological effectiveness of ingested nickel in the gastrointestinal tract of a human body, so that the risk of human nickel exposure to health is reduced.
The invention aims to improve the iron content of rice, synchronously reduce the nickel accumulation amount of rice and reduce the bioavailability of nickel by developing a rice iron biological strengthening measure, and finally achieve the purpose of regulating and controlling the nickel health hazard of rice.
The invention adopts a biological strengthening measure to improve the content of iron element in rice grains and synchronously reduce the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of the rice grains. Different from the traditional method for reducing the nickel accumulation of the rice by complex and time-consuming means such as soil remediation and the like, the method disclosed by the invention synchronously reduces the nickel content and the nickel bioavailability of the rice in a double-pipe manner by a simple method of spraying the ferric sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate on the leaf surfaces, and improves the iron nutrition quality of the rice. The invention establishes new nickel exposure health risk prevention and control measures and makes new contribution to the food safety guarantee capability of China.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the method for reducing the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of rice is characterized in that the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of rice are reduced by spraying ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt on leaf surfaces.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Nickel contaminated soil collection and preparation
Collecting contaminated soil from a nickel contaminated farmland in a nickel high background area, naturally drying, removing impurities, sieving by a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixing, and subpackaging into plastic pots, wherein each pot contains about 35kg of dry soil;
(2) Greenhouse rice planting and foliage spraying iron sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate
Selecting hybrid indica rice varieties which are generally planted in east China, fully spreading rice seedling raising substrates on a rice seedling raising tray, uniformly scattering seeds, covering a thin substrate soil layer, and finally spraying water to ensure that the whole substrate is fully wet; spraying water and watering are carried out frequently during seedling culture to ensure that the rice seedlings have sufficient water until transplanting, and the seedling period is not more than 1 month;
fully submerging the rice soil in the plastic pot one week before transplanting seedlings, and covering water on the soil surface to 1-2cm; transplanting the rice seedlings with root systems into a plastic pot during transplanting, ensuring that the root systems of the rice seedlings are relatively complete in the process, and transplanting about 18 seedlings in each pot; after seedling transplantation, managing the growth and development of rice according to the principles of deep water green turning, shallow water tillering, seedling sunning and dry-wet alternation in the later period; setting a control group and a foliage application iron fertilizer treatment group, and carrying out foliage application on the foliage application group after the paddy rice enters the grain filling periodSpraying frequency of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt is 2L twice a week 1g L -1 Uniformly spraying the solution of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 2L solution on the leaf surfaces of three pots of rice each time;
(3) Rice harvesting and processing
Harvesting after the rice enters a wax ripeness stage, and shearing rice ear parts, overground part stem leaves and root systems for the following treatment and analysis; harvesting rice ears, taking the rice ears back to a laboratory, naturally airing the rice ears for one week, calculating ear weight and ear number yield data before the rice ears are stripped off, calculating thousand seed weight and yield data of the stripped rice seeds, and then carrying out shelling treatment by using a rice mill to form polished rice; grinding part of polished rice samples into powder to be subjected to elemental analysis; washing the overground part of stalks with tap water and pure water, freeze-drying, and grinding into powder for elemental analysis; after the root system is fully cleaned by tap water and pure water, the root system is ground into powder after freeze drying for elemental analysis;
(4) Analysis of ferronickel elements of rice grains and plant parts
(5) Determination of nickel in rice for human body biological effectiveness
(6) Assessment of nickel exposure dose in humans by rice ingestion
Comprehensively considering the content and the bioavailability of nickel in the rice, calculating and comparing the weekly nickel exposure dose caused by the rice intake of the control group and the foliar iron-spraying treatment group according to the weekly rice intake of adults or children, and establishing iron bioaugmentation measures capable of reducing the human bioavailability and the human nickel intake dose of the rice nickel.
Specifically, the method for analyzing the nickel iron elements in the rice grains and plant parts in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
quantitatively weighing 0.5g of polished rice, rice overground part or root system sample powder, and adding 10mL of HNO 3 An aqueous solution of said HNO 3 HNO in aqueous solution 3 Mixing with water in a volume ratio of 1:1;
placing into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting for 6h at 105 ℃;
after cooling, 2mL of H was added 2 O 2 Placing into a digestion instrument of an ink furnace, continuously digesting at 105 ℃ until digestion liquidResidual amount<1mL；
Using pure water to fix the volume of the digestion solution to 50mL; then, measuring the contents of nickel and iron in the digestion solution by respectively utilizing an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and finally calculating the contents of nickel and iron elements in the refined rice and the rice plant part;
and comparing the control group with the leaf surface iron spraying treatment group, and analyzing the influence of the leaf surface iron spraying on the nickel and iron accumulation content in the seeds and the influence on the nickel and iron accumulation amount of the overground part and the root system of the rice.
As the iron fertilizers used for foliage spraying are various, the purposes of reducing the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of the rice by supplementing iron can be achieved by spraying other iron fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, amino acid chelated iron and nano iron.
The research of the applicant shows that the aim of reducing the bioavailability of the nickel in the rice can be achieved by directly adding iron salts such as iron supplement agents such as sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, ferric citrate, ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate and the like into the rice diet.
Different from the prior technical means for reducing the nickel accumulation of rice, the method not only can effectively reduce the nickel accumulation amount of rice by a simple measure of spraying iron fertilizer on the leaf surfaces, but also can effectively regulate and control the nickel intake from the aspect of the nickel bioavailability of rice. Iron biological strengthening measures capable of synchronously reducing nickel accumulation and nickel biological effectiveness of rice are developed, so that the aim of reducing nickel exposure health hazards of people is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying examples.
As shown in figure 1, the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of rice are reduced by spraying ferric sodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate on the leaf surface.
(1) Nickel contaminated soil collection and preparation
Contaminated soil was collected from nickel contaminated farmlands in areas with high nickel background, after natural air drying, impurities were removed, passed through a 2mm sieve, mixed homogeneously and split into plastic pots (60 cm long, 30cm wide, 20cm deep) of approximately 35kg dry soil per pot.
(2) Greenhouse rice planting and foliage spraying iron sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate
The method comprises the steps of selecting hybrid indica rice varieties which are commonly planted in east China, fully spreading rice seedling raising substrates on a rice seedling raising tray, uniformly scattering seeds, covering a thin substrate soil layer, and finally spraying water to ensure that the whole substrate is fully wet. During the seedling raising period, water is sprayed frequently to ensure that the water content of the rice seedlings is sufficient until the rice seedlings are transplanted, and the seedling period does not exceed 1 month.
The rice soil in the plastic pot needs to be fully flooded one week before transplanting, and the water is covered on the soil surface to 1-2cm preferably. Transplanting the rice seedlings with root systems into plastic pots during transplanting, ensuring that the root systems of the rice seedlings are relatively complete in the process, and transplanting about 18 seedlings in each pot. After seedling transplantation, the rice growth and development are managed according to the principles of deep water green turning, shallow water tillering, seedling sunning and dry-wet alternation in the later period. Setting a control group and a foliage application iron fertilizer treatment group, carrying out foliage application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid sodium ferric salt on the foliage application group after the paddy rice enters the grain filling period, wherein the spraying frequency is 2L 1g L twice per week -1 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid iron sodium solution (iron element content about 150mg L) -1 ) And uniformly spraying the 2L solution on the leaf surfaces of three pots of rice each time.
(3) Rice harvesting and processing
After the rice is ripe in the wax stage, harvesting, cutting the ear part and the above-ground part of the rice and stalk leaves and root systems for the following treatment and analysis. The rice ears are taken back to a laboratory after being harvested and naturally dried for a week, the yield data such as ear weight, ear number and the like are calculated before the grains are stripped from the rice ears, the yield data such as thousand kernel weight and the like are calculated for the stripped rice grains, and then the rice husking machine is utilized to carry out husking treatment to form polished rice. Part of the polished rice sample was ground to a powder for elemental analysis. The above-ground part of the stem is washed by tap water and pure water, and then is ground into powder after freeze drying for elemental analysis. After the root system is fully cleaned by tap water and pure water, the root system is ground into powder after freeze drying for elemental analysis.
(4) Analysis of ferronickel elements of rice grains and plant parts
Polished rice, the overground part of rice or the root system sample powder (0.5 g) was quantitatively weighed, and 10mL of 1 (V: V) HNO was added thereto 3 Placing into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting for 6h at 105 ℃; after cooling, 2mL of H was added 2 O 2 Placing into a digestion instrument of an ink furnace, continuously digesting at 105 ℃ until the residual digestion liquid<1mL; using pure water to fix the volume of the digestion solution to 50mL; then, the contents of nickel and iron in the digestion solution are respectively measured by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and finally, the contents of nickel and iron (mg kg) in the refined rice and the rice plant parts are calculated -1 Dry weight). And comparing the control group with the leaf surface iron spraying treatment group, and analyzing the influence of the leaf surface iron spraying on nickel and iron accumulation content in grains and the influence on the nickel and iron accumulation amount of the overground part and the root system of the rice.
(5) Determination of nickel in rice for human body biological effectiveness
A mouse living body experiment is carried out, and Relative Biological Availability (RBA) of nickel intake in the rice polished rice relative to that of pure nickel sulfate is measured, so that the human biological availability of the nickel in the rice is reflected. The experimental procedure is briefly described below: firstly, weighing a harvested polished rice sample, putting the polished rice sample into a household electric cooker, and adding proper pure water for cooking. Pouring out the cooked rice from the pot, extruding to prepare rice balls, and freeze-drying; in addition, an aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate and a blank of commercially available rice (nickel content less than 0.04mg kg) were quantitatively mixed -1 ) The rice ball feed containing nickel sulfate is prepared by boiling. After preparation, the rice ball feed was exposed quantitatively to mice for a total of 7 days, and the mice were housed in a metabolism cage and were able to freely eat the rice ball feed and pure water. After the mice were exposed for 7 days, the nickel-containing rice ball feed was changed to a blank rice feed on day 8, and the exposure period was ended after feeding for one day. Urine excreted by the mice in the whole 8-day exposure period is collected by using a clean centrifugal tube, the volume is constant to the same volume, and the urine passes through a 0.45mm filter membrane after high-speed centrifugation. Diluting urine sample by proper timesAfter release, the nickel content was determined by ICP-MS. The consumption of rice clumps per mouse (excluding the blank rice on day eight) was calculated and combined with the concentration of nickel in the rice, the total nickel intake was calculated. Calculating the mouse nickel excretion factor, namely the ratio of the total nickel excretion amount to the total nickel intake amount in urine. And comparing the excretion factors of the mice eating the nickel rice sample with the excretion factors of the mice taking the nickel sulfate, wherein the percentage value of the excretion factors is the relative biological effectiveness of the nickel corresponding to the rice sample. And comparing the control group with the leaf surface iron spraying group, and analyzing the influence of the leaf surface spraying of the sodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate on the relative biological effectiveness of the nickel in the rice.
(6) Assessment of nickel exposure dose in humans by rice ingestion
Comprehensively considering the content and the biological effectiveness of nickel in the rice, calculating and comparing the weekly nickel exposure dose caused by the rice intake of a control group and a leaf iron spraying treatment group according to the weekly rice intake of adults or children, and establishing iron biological strengthening measures capable of reducing the human biological effectiveness and the human nickel intake dose of the rice, wherein the iron biological strengthening measures are used for guiding the safe production of the rice in the high-nickel background area and providing guiding significance for guaranteeing the human health.
In 2020 to 2021, this subject group performed two-season repeated greenhouse potting experiments using the method of the present invention, taking nickel high background soil in Xuyi region of Jiangsu province as an example. A control group and a treatment group with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt sprayed on leaf surfaces are arranged in the process of planting rice. After the rice is ripe, rice samples are harvested, ground and unshelled into polished rice, and the two-year results are integrated, the iron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the polished rice, so that the nickel content of the polished rice is 3.56-3.71 mg kg -1 Reduced to 1.05-1.10 mg kg -1 Iron element content of about 10mg kg -1 Increasing to 30mg kg -1 . The iron fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surfaces effectively reduces the nickel accumulation in rice grains and improves the iron nutrition quality of rice. The harvested rice of the control group and the harvested rice of the iron spraying group are exposed to mice, and the result of measuring the biological effectiveness of the nickel in the rice shows that the biological effectiveness of the nickel in the rice is reduced from 70.4-77.8 percent to 42.4-53.7 percent by spraying the leaves. The improvement of the iron element in the rice effectively reduces the bioavailability of the nickel in the rice.
The invention provides a beneficial measure for preventing and controlling the nickel harm of rice to human body from two aspects of the growth and development process of rice and the absorption process of nickel rice after human body intakes, provides a sufficient and beneficial scientific basis for further exploring nutrient element biological strengthening measures to reduce the nickel exposure of human body in the future, and provides a new idea and strategy for reducing the nickel harm to human body.
Claims (3)
1. A method for reducing the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of rice is characterized in that the nickel accumulation and the nickel bioavailability of rice are reduced by spraying ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric sodium salt on leaf surfaces.
2. The method for reducing rice nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Nickel contaminated soil collection and preparation
Collecting polluted soil from a nickel-polluted farmland in a nickel high background area, naturally drying, removing impurities, sieving with a 2mm sieve, uniformly mixing, and subpackaging into plastic pots, wherein each pot contains 35kg of dry soil;
(2) Greenhouse rice planting and foliage spraying iron sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate
Selecting hybrid indica rice varieties which are commonly planted in east China, fully spreading rice seedling raising substrates on a rice seedling raising tray, uniformly scattering seeds, covering a thin substrate soil layer, and finally spraying water to ensure that the whole substrate is fully wet; spraying water and watering are carried out frequently during seedling culture to ensure that the rice seedlings have sufficient water until transplanting, and the seedling period is not more than 1 month;
fully submerging the rice soil in the plastic pot one week before transplanting seedlings, and covering water on the soil surface to 1-2cm; transplanting the rice seedlings with root systems into a plastic pot during transplanting, ensuring that the root systems of the rice seedlings are relatively complete in the process, and transplanting about 18 seedlings in each pot; after seedling transplantation, managing the growth and development of rice according to the principles of deep water green turning, shallow water tillering, seedling sunning and dry-wet alternation in the later period; setting a control group and a foliage application iron fertilizer treatment group, and carrying out foliage application of sodium ferric ethylene diamine tetraacetate on the foliage application group after the paddy rice enters the grain filling period, wherein the spraying frequency isTwice weekly 2L of 1g L -1 Uniformly spraying the solution of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate, 2L solution on the leaf surfaces of three pots of rice each time;
(3) Rice harvesting and processing
After the rice enters the wax ripeness stage, harvesting, and shearing the rice ear part, the above-ground part stem leaves and the root system for the following treatment and analysis; harvesting rice ears, taking the rice ears back to a laboratory, naturally airing the rice ears for one week, calculating ear weight and ear number yield data before the rice ears are stripped off, calculating thousand seed weight and yield data of the stripped rice seeds, and then carrying out shelling treatment by using a rice mill to form polished rice; grinding part of polished rice samples into powder to be subjected to elemental analysis; washing the above-ground part of the stalks with tap water and pure water, freeze-drying, and grinding into powder for elemental analysis; after the root system is fully cleaned by tap water and pure water, the root system is ground into powder after freeze drying for elemental analysis;
(4) Analysis of ferronickel elements of rice grains and plant parts
(5) Determination of nickel in rice for human body biological effectiveness
(6) Assessment of nickel exposure dose in humans due to rice ingestion
Comprehensively considering the content and the bioavailability of nickel in the rice, calculating and comparing the weekly nickel exposure dose caused by the rice intake of the control group and the foliar iron-spraying treatment group according to the weekly rice intake of adults or children, and establishing iron bioaugmentation measures capable of reducing the human bioavailability and the human nickel intake dose of the rice nickel.
3. The method for reducing rice nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method for analyzing the nickel iron element in the rice grains and plant parts in the step (4) comprises the following steps:
quantitatively weighing 0.5g of polished rice, rice overground part or root system sample powder, and adding 10mL of HNO 3 An aqueous solution of said HNO 3 HNO in aqueous solution 3 Mixing with water in a volume ratio of 1:1;
placing into a graphite furnace digestion instrument, and digesting for 6h at 105 ℃;
after cooling, 2mL of H was added 2 O 2 Placing into a digestion instrument of an ink furnace, continuously digesting at 105 ℃ until the residual digestion liquid<1mL；
Using pure water to fix the volume of the digestion solution to 50mL; then, measuring the contents of nickel and iron in the digestion solution by respectively utilizing an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, and finally calculating the contents of nickel and iron elements in the refined rice and the rice plant part;
and comparing the control group with the leaf surface iron spraying treatment group, and analyzing the influence of the leaf surface iron spraying on the nickel and iron accumulation content in the seeds and the influence on the nickel and iron accumulation amount of the overground part and the root system of the rice.
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