CN115805388B - Flux-cored solder with visible flux core and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flux-cored solder with visible flux core and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115805388B CN115805388B CN202211584491.XA CN202211584491A CN115805388B CN 115805388 B CN115805388 B CN 115805388B CN 202211584491 A CN202211584491 A CN 202211584491A CN 115805388 B CN115805388 B CN 115805388B
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
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- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing materials, and particularly relates to flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores and a preparation method thereof. The flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux core consists of a flux core, a metal brazing filler metal and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the core is visible to the naked eye; the transparent nano film is used for coating the notch of the groove, and the nano transparent film mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material. In the flux-cored brazing filler metal, the flux core is visible, the continuity degree of the flux core can be intuitively judged, the occurrence of welding defects can be reduced, and the flux-cored brazing filler metal is coated by the nano transparent film, so that the strength of a welded joint can be effectively improved, and the flux-cored brazing filler metal is suitable for being applied to the field of brazing materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of brazing materials, and particularly relates to flux-cored brazing filler metal with visible flux cores and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flux-cored brazing filler metal is a novel composite brazing material with brazing filler metal and soldering flux combined into a whole, has the characteristics of simple brazing process, easiness in operation, no waste of soldering flux and controllable use amount, can reduce waste and pollution of the soldering flux, and meets the requirements of efficient, high-quality and clean production, and the related researches are carried out on the flux-cored brazing filler metal in Chinese patent numbers ZL 2015165404. X, ZL201780096225.3, ZL202010872468.5, ZL202011061043.2 and ZL 202010927570.0.
However, the existing flux-cored solder has the following technical bottlenecks to be broken through. Firstly, the flux cores of the existing flux core solder are all arranged in solder metal, the continuity degree of the flux cores cannot be intuitively judged, and operators can easily introduce the flux core broken solder parts into welding spots to cause a large number of welding defects; secondly, the flux core of the existing flux core solder is mostly added into the solder metal by powdery flux, and the powdery flux contains a large amount of crystal water and is easy to absorb moisture, so that splashing and scalding accidents are easy to occur in the welding process; finally, in the conventional preparation process of the existing flux-cored solder, for example, the flux-cored solder disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN104907727B and a preparation method thereof, the flux-cored solder is prepared by preparing metal foil with a certain specification by a plurality of procedures of smelting, extruding, rolling, slitting and the like, wrapping soldering flux powder by the metal foil, and rolling and reducing the flux powder.
In order to solve the defects, development of flux-cored brazing filler metal with visual flux core and a matched efficient continuous production method thereof is urgently needed, visual judgment of the flux core can be achieved, welding defects are avoided, splashing and scalding accidents caused by evaporation of crystal water of powdery brazing filler metal can be restrained, and meanwhile production efficiency is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a flux cored solder with a visible flux core, which realizes visualization of the flux core, and an operator can intuitively judge the continuity degree of the flux core, thereby reducing occurrence of a weld defect.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing flux-cored solder with visible flux core, which enables efficient continuous production of flux-cored solder with visible flux core.
In order to achieve the purpose, the flux-cored solder with the visible flux core adopts the following technical scheme:
a flux-cored solder with visible flux core comprises flux core, metal solder and nanometer transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the core is visible to the naked eye; the transparent nano film is used for coating the notch of the groove, and the nano transparent film mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material.
The flux-cored solder provided by the invention has the following advantages: firstly, the visualization of the drug core is realized by means of the coating process of the nano transparent film consisting of the hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and the coating material. The nano silicon dioxide adopted in the nano transparent film is colorless, odorless and nontoxic, has huge specific surface area and extremely high activity, can form a three-dimensional reticular framework in the coating, and enhances the toughness and strength of the transparent film. And thirdly, the nano transparent film is adopted in the invention, so that the moisture absorption and color change of the brazing filler metal can be inhibited, and meanwhile, in the brazing process, nano silicon dioxide particles can be dispersed and distributed in the welding seam as a second phase, so that the strength of the welding joint is enhanced.
In the invention, the drug core can be a common drug core, and the visualization can be realized only by coating the drug core with a nano transparent film. As a further preferred embodiment, the core is glassy. The glassy flux core is embedded in the metal solder, so that the splashing phenomenon in the welding process can be effectively restrained.
The invention does not limit the material of the flux core and the metal solder, and can realize visualization only by adopting the arrangement of the nano transparent film. Preferably, the metal solder is silver-based solder or copper-based solder; the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux or copper brazing flux; the brazing filler metal and the brazing flux with the composition can respectively obtain flux-cored silver brazing filler metal and flux-cored copper brazing filler metal.
Further preferably, the coating material is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and ethylcellulose. The coating material is environment-friendly, does not have any residue in the brazing process, and does not influence the brazing performance.
The invention is not particularly limited to the number and shape of the drug cores, and the skilled person can select the drug cores according to the actual application requirements. Preferably, the number of the drug cores is one or more; the cross section of the drug core is one or more of dovetail groove shape, arc shape, ellipse shape, triangle shape and trapezoid shape.
In the invention, a groove is arranged on the metal brazing filler metal, the brazing flux is filled in the groove to form a flux core, and the transparent nano film is at least coated at the notch of the groove. The purpose of the cladding notch is to prevent flux from leaking from the recess, while at the same time the continuity of flux filling in the recess is observed. In order to improve the convenience of operation, the nano transparent film preferably forms complete coating on the notch of the groove and other areas on the surface of the metal solder.
Further, the thickness of the nano transparent film is 80-150 nm.
Based on the preparation efficiency of the nano transparent film and the coating uniformity of the transparent film, preferably, the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and acetone solution of polymethyl methacrylate, and then brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose, brushing and drying.
Still further, in order to reduce the influence of the nano transparent film component on the post brazing process, it is preferable that the mass concentration of the ethanol solution of the hydrophobic nano silica is 2%; the mass concentration of the ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1%; the mass concentration of the acetone solution of the polymethyl methacrylate is 1%; the mass concentration of the ethyl cellulose ethanol solution is 1%; the mass ratio of the two liquids during mixing is 1:1.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the visible flux core mainly adopts a hot extruder with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a brushing device, a drying device and a rolling machine for integrated preparation; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation:
performing hot extrusion on the metal solder cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extruder to obtain a solder wire with a groove on the surface; then sequentially passing the solder wire through a brushing device and a drying device, and winding on a winding machine;
filling nano transparent liquid into the brush coating device; filling brazing flux paste into a pressure injection needle tube, fixing the pressure injection needle tube at the wire outlet end of the hot extruder, and enabling the needle tip of the needle tube to be inserted into the groove of the brazing flux wire;
(2) Work starting work:
and (3) opening an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube and power supplies of all equipment, wherein the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube is uniformly and continuously filled in grooves on the brazing flux wire along with wire outlet of the hot extrusion machine, then the brushing device performs coating of the nano transparent film, the drying device performs drying operation of the nano transparent film, and finally the rolling machine rolls.
According to the preparation method of the flux-cored brazing filler metal with the visible flux core, provided by the invention, the metal brazing filler metal cast ingot is extruded by the special-shaped extrusion die, so that the brazing filler metal wire with the flux-cored groove on the surface is obtained, and the flux core is visualized by means of cladding of the nano transparent film. According to the method, the brazing flux paste is automatically and continuously injected into the groove through the pressure injection needle tube controlled by air pressure, the nano transparent film is obtained through brushing the nano transparent liquid, the moisture absorption and the color change of brazing filler metal can be inhibited, and meanwhile, nano silicon dioxide particles can be dispersed and distributed in the welding seam as a second phase in the welding process, so that the strength of a welding joint is enhanced.
According to the preparation method of the flux-cored solder, the working procedures of hot extrusion, flux paste injection, nanometer transparent liquid brushing, drying film forming, rolling and the like are connected in series, so that a whole set of automatic production line is formed, and the efficient production of the flux-cored solder is realized.
Preferably, in the step (1), the brazing flux paste is prepared by brazing flux and water, and the mass ratio of the brazing flux to the water is 6:1-3. The paste brazing flux prepared by the proportion can ensure the continuity and the fluidity of subsequent injection.
Preferably, in the step (2), the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the solder wire with the grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal solder wire is 1.5-3.0 mm.
In the invention, as a further preferable scheme, the solder wire firstly passes through a heating device, then sequentially passes through a brushing device and a drying device, and finally is wound on a winding machine; in the step (2), after the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube is uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the brazing wire, the brazing wire is heated by a heating device to obtain the flux-cored vitrified brazing wire, then the coating of the nano transparent film is carried out by a brushing device, the drying operation of the nano transparent film is carried out by a drying device, and finally the rolling is carried out by a rolling machine. The brazing filler metal wire is heated, free water and crystal water in the brazing flux can be completely evaporated, glassy state is formed and solidified in the hole, and the splashing phenomenon in the welding process can be effectively restrained.
More preferably, the temperature of the heating treatment is 350 to 400 ℃. The heating temperature is the glass transition temperature of the silver soldering flux powder.
The invention does not limit the types of the brazing flux powder and the metal brazing filler metal, and can adopt the conventional types in the field, and a technician can select reasonably according to application requirements. Preferably, the metal solder is silver-based solder or copper-based solder; the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux or copper brazing flux. More preferably, the brazing flux powder is silver brazing flux, and the silver brazing flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of potassium fluoride, 23% of potassium fluoborate and 35% of boric anhydride. The metal solder is silver-based solder, and the silver-based solder is selected from BAg30CuZn, BAg45CuZn, and the like.
Preferably, in the step (2), the linear speed of the winding machine is 8-20 mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, and the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the hot brazing filler metal wire.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In the flux-cored brazing filler metal, the flux core is visible, and the continuity degree of the flux core can be intuitively judged, so that the occurrence of welding defects is reduced, and the flux-cored brazing filler metal is coated by the nano transparent film, so that the strength of a welded joint can be improved.
(2) In the flux-cored solder, the flux core can be additionally subjected to heating treatment, so that the flux core is solidified in the holes in a glassy state, the occurrence of splashing and scalding accidents caused by water evaporation in the welding process is restrained, and the safety of flux-cored solder brazing is effectively improved.
(3) The preparation method of the flux-cored solder can realize the automatic production of the flux-cored solder, has fewer working procedures compared with the traditional method, saves the turnover time of different working procedures and places, and greatly improves the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flux cored solder of the present invention with a flux core visible;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing flux cored solder with visible flux core according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a high Wen Puzhan morphology on red copper of the conventional flux cored solder of comparative example 1 (left panel) and the flux cored solder of inventive example 1 (right panel);
wherein, in fig. 1: 1-a flux core, 2-a metal solder and 3-a nano transparent film; in FIG. 2, 4-hot extruder, 5-special extrusion die, 6-solder wire with grooves on the surface, 7-flux paste, 8-flux cored vitrified solder wire, 9-nano transparent liquid.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below with reference to the specific embodiments. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific conditions not specified in the examples were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were all conventional products obtained from commercial sources.
In the following examples, the particle size of the hydrophobic nano silica used was 20-35 nm, and the source manufacturer was Zhejiang Yuda chemical Co.
In the following embodiments, the brazing flux is silver brazing flux, and the brazing flux comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of potassium fluoride, 23% of potassium fluoborate and 35% of boric anhydride. In other embodiments, other types and compositions of flux may be used, such as copper flux.
In the following examples, the metal solder used was silver-based solder having a composition of BAg30CuZn, i.e., in mass percent: 30% of Ag, 38% of Cu and 32% of Zn. In other embodiments, other types of metallic solders may also be used, such as BAg45CuZn, and the like.
The schematic structure of the cross section of the flux core solder with visible flux core is shown in fig. 1. In fig. 1, the flux core visible flux core solder consists of a flux core 1, a metal solder 2 and a nano transparent film 3. The metal brazing filler metal 2 is provided with a groove, and the groove is filled with a flux core 1 formed by brazing flux. Among them, the left diagram of fig. 1 shows a flux-cored solder structure having 2 arc-shaped flux cores, and the right diagram of fig. 1 shows a flux-cored solder structure having 8 dovetail-shaped flux cores. In other embodiments, the number and shape of the cores may be other, and the skilled person may choose according to the actual application requirements. For example, the number of the drug cores is one or more; the cross-sectional shape of the drug core can also be one or more of ellipse, triangle and trapezoid.
A schematic flow chart of a method for preparing flux cored solder with visible flux core in the following example is shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the brushing device is specifically a brush wheel, the drying device is specifically a hot air blower, and the heating device is specifically a resistance furnace. When the flux-cored brazing filler metal is prepared, a hot extruder 4 is provided with a special-shaped extrusion die 5, a metal brazing filler metal cast ingot is subjected to hot extrusion through the special-shaped extrusion die 5 of the hot extruder 4 to obtain a brazing filler metal wire 6 with a groove on the surface, brazing flux paste 7 is filled in a pressure injection needle tube, the pressure injection needle tube is fixed at the wire outlet end of the hot extruder, and after an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube is opened, the brazing flux paste 7 can be uniformly and continuously filled in the groove on the brazing filler metal wire. The resistance furnace performs the operation of heating the solder wire, and the flux-cored vitrified solder wire 8 is obtained after heating. The rear of the resistance furnace is sequentially provided with a brush wheel, an air heater and a winding machine, wherein nano transparent liquid 9 is filled in the brush wheel, the brush wheel performs the operation of coating the nano transparent film on the surface of the heated flux-cored vitrified solder wire 8, the air heater performs the operation of drying the solder wire coated with the nano transparent film, and the winding machine performs the operation of winding the dried solder wire. In other embodiments, other types of brushing devices, drying devices, heating devices may be employed, provided that the above described functions are achieved.
Example 1
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment consists of a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the metal solder; the number of the drug cores is 8, and the cross section of the drug cores is in an embedded dovetail groove shape. The nanometer transparent film is formed by preparing nanometer transparent liquid by ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder and drying. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 80nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core mainly adopts a hot extruder with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a resistance furnace, a brush wheel, a hot air blower and a winding machine to integrally prepare the flux-cored solder with visible flux core; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation:
the silver brazing flux powder is mixed with water to prepare brazing flux paste, then the brazing flux paste is filled into a pressure injection needle tube, and the pressure injection needle tube is fixed at the wire outlet end of a hot extruder; wherein the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6:3;
preparing a nano transparent liquid by adopting hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide, a coating material and a solvent, and wetting a brush wheel by adopting the nano transparent liquid; wherein the nanometer transparent liquid is prepared from ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1;
performing hot extrusion on the metal solder cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extruder to obtain a solder wire with a groove on the surface; then sequentially passing the solder wire through a resistance furnace, a brush wheel and an air heater, and winding on a winding machine; wherein, the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the thermal solder wire with the groove on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal solder wire is 1.5mm;
the position of the pressure injection needle tube is adjusted to enable the needle tip of the needle tube to be inserted into the groove of the thermal state solder wire;
(2) Work starting work:
and (3) opening an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube and power supplies of all equipment, along with wire outlet of a hot extrusion machine, uniformly and continuously filling brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube into grooves on the brazing wire, heating the brazing wire by a resistance furnace to obtain a flux-cored vitrified brazing wire, brushing a nano transparent film on the surface of the brazing wire by a brush wheel, drying the nano transparent film by a hot air blower, and finally winding by a winding machine to obtain the flux-cored vitrified brazing wire.
Wherein the temperature of the heating treatment is 350-360 ℃; the linear speed of the winding machine is 8mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot brazing filler metal wires, and finally the wire diameter of the finished flux-cored brazing filler metal product is 1.5mm.
Example 2
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment consists of a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the drug cores is 2, and the cross section of the drug cores is in an embedded arc shape. The nanometer transparent film is formed by preparing nanometer transparent liquid by ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and acetone liquid of polymethyl methacrylate with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder and drying. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 100nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6:2. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the thermal state solder wire with the grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal state solder wire is 1.8mm. The nanometer transparent liquid is prepared from ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with mass concentration of 2% and acetone liquid of polymethyl methacrylate with mass concentration of 1% according to mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 360-370 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 12mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot brazing filler metal wires, and finally the wire diameter of the finished flux-cored brazing filler metal product is 1.8mm.
Example 3
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment consists of a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the drug cores is 4, and the cross section of the drug cores is in an embedded elliptical arc shape. The nanometer transparent film is formed by preparing nanometer transparent liquid from ethanol solution of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder, and drying. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 120nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6:1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the thermal state solder wire with the grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal state solder wire is 2.0mm. The nanometer transparent liquid is prepared from ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of ethyl cellulose with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 370-380 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 15mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot brazing filler metal wires, and finally the wire diameter of the finished flux-cored brazing filler metal product is 2.0mm.
Example 4
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment consists of a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the drug cores is 3, and the cross section of the drug cores is in an embedded triangular shape. The nanometer transparent film is formed by preparing nanometer transparent liquid by ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder and drying. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 130nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6:1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the thermal state solder wire with the grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal state solder wire is 2.5mm. The nanometer transparent liquid is prepared from ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 380-390 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 18mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot brazing filler metal wires, and finally the wire diameter of the finished flux-cored brazing filler metal product is 2.5mm.
Example 5
The flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided by the embodiment consists of a flux core, a metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) and a nano transparent film; the metal brazing filler metal is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux powder is filled in the groove; the transparent nano film is completely coated on the outer layer of the silver-based metal solder; the number of the drug cores is 1, and the cross section of the drug cores is in an embedded isosceles trapezoid shape. The nanometer transparent film is formed by preparing nanometer transparent liquid by ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder and drying. The thickness of the nano transparent film is 150nm.
The preparation method of the flux-cored solder with visible flux core provided in this example is basically the same as that of example 1, and the difference is that:
in the step (1), the mass ratio of the silver brazing flux powder to the water is 6:1. The die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the shape of the thermal state solder wire with the grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the thermal state solder wire is 3.0mm. The nanometer transparent liquid is prepared from ethanol liquid of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the step (2), the temperature of the heating treatment is 390-400 ℃. The linear speed of the winding machine is 20mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves in the hot brazing filler metal wires, and finally the wire diameter of the finished flux-cored brazing filler metal product is 3.0mm.
Comparative example 1
The conventional flux-cored solder provided in comparative example 1 had a wire diameter of 1.5 to 3.0mm, which was the same as that of examples 1 to 5, respectively. The structure is as follows: the metal solder (silver-based solder BAg30 CuZn) is used as an outer layer to wrap the silver soldering flux core to form the joint flux core solder.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the BAg30CuZn cast ingot is hot extruded into a strip with the thickness of 5mm, then rough rolling, finish rolling and slitting are carried out for 10 times until a foil with the thickness of 0.5mm is obtained, then the foil is arranged in a flux-cored wire forming machine, the flux core is filled into the foil, and the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 1.5-3.0 mm is formed through seaming, rolling and reducing.
Comparative example 2
The flux-cored solder of comparative example 2 was substantially identical in composition, structure and preparation method to example 1, except that: the nano transparent film is formed by preparing nano transparent liquid from ethanol liquid of polyvinylpyrrolidone with mass concentration of 1%, brushing the surface of silver-based metal solder, and drying. I.e., comparative example 2 omits the use of hydrophobic nanosilica.
Comparative example 3
The flux-cored solder of comparative example 3 was substantially identical in composition, structure and preparation method to example 1, except that: the temperature of the heating treatment in the step (2) is 300-310 ℃.
Comparative example 4
The flux-cored solder of comparative example 4 was substantially identical in composition, structure and preparation method to example 1, except that: and (3) the linear speed of the winding machine in the step (2) is 5mm/s.
Test example 1
The welding performance of the flux-cored solders of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and the conventional flux-cored solders of comparative example 1 and the flux-cored solders of comparative examples 2 to 4 were examined, and the specific test method was: and (3) adopting different flux-cored solders to braze the hard alloy and the steel respectively, welding 100 identical samples by each solder, and comparing the occurrence probability of splashing (the number of times of splashing samples generated when 100 samples are welded) and simultaneously testing the shear strength of the joint. The test of the shear strength of the joint is carried out with reference to GB/T11363-2008 standard.
TABLE 1 splash conditions and joint Performance test results
As is clear from Table 1, the flux core in the conventional flux core solder of comparative example 1 contains free water, and the probability of spattering during the welding process is high, whereas the flux core in the flux core solder of the example of the present invention is in a glassy state, does not contain free water, and has a moisture barrier film, and the spattering phenomenon does not occur. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional flux-cored solder, the flux-cored solder has higher shear strength. In addition, the nano silicon dioxide is removed in comparative example 2, the waterproof and moisture-absorbing effects of the transparent film are reduced, so that the flux core absorbs moisture again, splashing is caused, the soldering seam is broken, and the joint strength is low; the heat treatment temperature in comparative example 3 is low, free water in the brazing flux can not be completely removed, and part of free water is still contained, so that the brazing flux still splashes in the brazing process; the winding wire speed in comparative example 4 was low, resulting in a low extrusion speed, a low wire speed, and no splash phenomenon, but low processing efficiency.
The conventional flux-cored solder of comparative example 1 having a wire diameter of 1.5mm was further examined with a digital camera for the high Wen Puzhan morphology of the flux-cored solder of example 1 of the present invention on red copper, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the conventional flux cored solder of comparative example 1 had a large amount of splash bubbles and water droplets at high temperature on the copper plate (see left diagram of fig. 3), whereas the flux cored solder of example 1 of the present invention had a large spreading area at high temperature on the copper plate, and hardly had splash bubbles, nor did it generate any black slag that would affect the brazing performance (see right diagram of fig. 3).
Test example 2
This test example examined the production efficiency of the flux-cored solder of example 3 of the present invention and the conventional flux-cored solder of comparative example 1. The specific test mode is as follows: taking the flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 2.0mm in the example 3 as an example, the flux-cored solder is produced by adopting the traditional preparation method and the preparation method of the invention respectively, and 25 BAg30CuZn metal solder ingots with the diameter of 45mm and the length of 110mm are used as raw materials for comparing the production time consumed for preparing the flux-cored solder.
In the conventional method of comparative example 1, the ingot was first hot extruded into a 5mm thick strip, and then 10 passes of rough rolling, finish rolling, and slitting were performed until a 0.5mm foil was obtained, at which time 2 workers required about 8 hours; then the foil strip is loaded into a flux-cored wire forming machine, and is subjected to seaming, rolling and reducing to form flux-cored solder with the wire diameter of 2.0mm, wherein 2 workers need about 3.5 hours at the moment, and the total time is 11.5 hours.
The preparation method of the embodiment 3 of the invention comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out hot extrusion on 25 cast ingots by adopting a special-shaped die, extruding 4 special-shaped wires with the wire diameters of 2.0mm and grooves on the surfaces of the special-shaped wires at one time, continuously extruding soldering flux paste into a needle tube by pneumatic pressure, heating and vitrification by an electric heating tube, brushing nano transparent liquid, drying and forming a film, and rolling to finally obtain the flux-cored solder with the wire diameters of 2.0mm, wherein the whole working procedure is carried out in one line, and 2 workers need about 6 hours.
From the above comparison, it is seen that the present invention improves the production efficiency by nearly one time when the throughput of the flux cored solder is the same, as compared with the conventional production method of comparative document 1. The improvement of the production efficiency has important economic and practical significance for the mass production of the flux-cored solder.
In conclusion, the flux core brazing filler metal with the visual flux core provided by the invention has the advantages that the flux core is visual, the continuity degree of the flux core can be intuitively judged, the occurrence of welding defects can be effectively reduced, and the joint welding strength can be improved by adopting the nano transparent film for cladding. In addition, the flux core is solidified in the holes in a glassy state, so that splashing and scalding accidents caused by water evaporation in the welding process can be restrained, and the welding safety is improved. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the flux-cored solder can realize the automatic production of the flux-cored solder, has fewer working procedures compared with the traditional method, saves the turnover time of different working procedures and sites, greatly improves the production efficiency, and has great application value in the field of brazing materials.
Claims (8)
1. The flux-cored solder with a visible flux core is characterized by comprising a flux core, a metal solder and a nano transparent film; the metal solder is subjected to hot extrusion to obtain solder wires; the brazing filler metal wire is provided with a groove, and a flux core formed by brazing flux is filled in the groove; the flux core is formed by uniformly and continuously filling the brazing flux paste into the grooves on the brazing filler metal wire, and the brazing filler metal wire is heated by a heating device to be in a glass state and visible to naked eyes; the nano transparent film is used for coating the notch of the groove and mainly comprises hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide and a coating material; the coating material is at least one of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymethyl methacrylate and ethylcellulose; the nanometer transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nanometer silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone with the mass concentration of 1% in a mass ratio of 1:1, and then brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and acetone solution of polymethyl methacrylate with the mass concentration of 1% in a mass ratio of 1:1, brushing and drying; or the nano transparent film is formed by mixing ethanol solution of hydrophobic nano silicon dioxide with the mass concentration of 2% and ethanol solution of ethyl cellulose with the mass concentration of 1% in a mass ratio of 1:1, brushing and drying.
2. The flux-cored solder of claim 1, wherein the metal solder is a silver-based solder or a copper-based solder; the soldering flux is silver soldering flux or copper soldering flux; the number of the medicine cores is one or more; the cross section of the drug core is one or more of dovetail groove shape, arc shape, ellipse shape, triangle shape and trapezoid shape.
3. The flux-cored solder of claim 1 or 2, wherein the nano-transparent film forms a complete coating for the notch of the groove and other areas of the surface of the metal solder; the thickness of the nano transparent film is 80-150 nm.
4. The method for preparing the flux-cored solder with visible flux core according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flux-cored solder with visible flux core is prepared by integrating a hot extruder with a special-shaped extrusion die, a pressure injection needle tube, a brushing device, a drying device and a rolling machine; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation:
performing hot extrusion on the metal solder cast ingot through a special-shaped extrusion die of a hot extruder to obtain a solder wire with a groove on the surface; then sequentially passing the solder wire through a brushing device and a drying device, and winding on a winding machine;
filling nano transparent liquid into the brush coating device; filling brazing flux paste into a pressure injection needle tube, fixing the pressure injection needle tube at the wire outlet end of the hot extruder, and enabling the needle tip of the needle tube to be inserted into the groove of the brazing flux wire;
(2) Work starting work:
and (3) opening an air pressure switch of the pressure injection needle tube and power supplies of all equipment, wherein the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube is uniformly and continuously filled in grooves on the brazing flux wire along with wire outlet of the hot extrusion machine, then the brushing device performs coating of the nano transparent film, the drying device performs drying operation of the nano transparent film, and finally the rolling machine rolls.
5. The preparation method of flux-cored solder for visualization of flux core in claim 4, wherein in step (1), the flux paste is prepared by adopting flux and water, and the mass ratio of flux and water is 6:1-3; the die hole of the special-shaped extrusion die is matched with the solder wire with grooves on the surface, and the wire diameter of the solder wire is 1.5-3.0 mm.
6. The method for preparing flux-cored solder according to claim 4, wherein the step (1) comprises passing the solder wire through a heating device, then sequentially through a brushing device and a drying device, and finally winding on a winding machine; in the step (2), after the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube is uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the brazing wire, the brazing wire is heated by a heating device to obtain the flux-cored vitrified brazing wire, then the coating of the nano transparent film is carried out by a brushing device, the drying operation of the nano transparent film is carried out by a drying device, and finally the rolling is carried out by a rolling machine.
7. The method for producing a flux cored solder of claim 6, wherein the temperature of the heat treatment is 350 to 400 ℃.
8. The method for producing a flux-cored solder of claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the linear speed of the winder is 8 to 20mm/s; the linear speed of the winding machine is the same as the wire outlet speed of the hot extruder, and the linear speed of the winding machine can keep the brazing flux paste in the pressure injection needle tube uniformly and continuously filled in the grooves on the brazing wire.
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