CN115780118A - Supercooled large-water-drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device - Google Patents
Supercooled large-water-drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115780118A CN115780118A CN202310077893.9A CN202310077893A CN115780118A CN 115780118 A CN115780118 A CN 115780118A CN 202310077893 A CN202310077893 A CN 202310077893A CN 115780118 A CN115780118 A CN 115780118A
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009688 liquid atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of cloud and mist simulation, and provides a supercooled large water droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device which comprises at least one first nozzle and at least one second nozzle which are arranged on a nozzle pipeline, wherein the spray angle of the first nozzle and the spray angle of the second nozzle have an overlapping area; the first nozzle is provided with a first liquid channel, a first gas channel, a mixing cavity and an ejection channel; the end part of the first gas channel close to the mixing chamber is provided with a rotational flow section, and the diameter of the ejection channel is gradually increased; the second nozzle is provided with a second liquid channel and a rotational flow core arranged in the second liquid channel, the side wall of the rotational flow core is provided with at least two rotational flow grooves, and the rotational flow core is provided with a central through hole along the axis direction. According to the invention, the first nozzle is used for realizing the spraying of small-particle-size liquid drops, the second nozzle is used for realizing the spraying of large-particle-size liquid drops, and the spraying overlapping and mixing of the two nozzles are used for realizing the accurate test simulation of the icing cloud and fog conditions of the supercooled large-particle liquid drops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cloud and mist simulation, and particularly relates to a supercooled large water drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device.
Background
When the airplane flies in the cloud layer, supercooled water drops (namely liquid water drops with the temperature lower than the freezing point) in the cloud layer can continuously impact the windward side of the airplane, so that the icing phenomenon of the surface of the airplane is caused; aircraft icing is widespread in flight practice and poses a serious threat to flight safety.
The icing wind tunnel is important ground test equipment for developing airplane icing research and verifying an airplane component ice prevention and removal system, and plays an important role in airplane icing airworthiness examination; the icing cloud and mist environment simulation capability is the core content of the performance of an icing wind tunnel, the accurate measurement and evaluation of the micro physical characteristics of the icing cloud and mist is the key for the icing wind tunnel to accurately simulate the icing cloud and mist environment, and the size distribution and characteristic parameters of cloud and mist liquid drops are one of the important micro physical characteristics of the icing cloud and mist.
The size distribution of the liquid drops is defined as the concentration distribution of the liquid drops corresponding to the diameters of the liquid drops in the cloud mist, and the concentration of the liquid drops generally comprises parameters such as the number of the liquid drops, the number density, the liquid water content and the like; the volume median diameter is defined as the diameter of the liquid drop with the cumulative volume fraction of 0.5, namely the volume of the liquid drop larger than the diameter is equal to the volume of the liquid drop smaller than the diameter, and the parameter is calculated based on the size distribution of the liquid drop and is an important micro-physical characteristic parameter of the icing cloud.
At present, with the continuous and deep research on the problem of icing in the atmosphere, the Federal aviation administration in the United states originally handed overUnifying icing cloud and fog conditions (given by airworthiness specification appendix C), further providing icing cloud and fog conditions of supercooled large water drops (given by airworthiness specification appendix O), and providing test simulation requirements for icing wind tunnels; the traditional icing cloud mist condition mainly comprises two main parameters of cloud mist Median Volume Diameter (MVD) and Liquid Water Content (LWC), wherein the simulation range of MVD is 10-50 mu m, and the simulation range of LWC is 0.05-3 g/m 3 No specific requirements are given on the droplet size distribution; the specific liquid drop distribution characteristics of the icing meteorological conditions of the supercooled large water drops are definitely provided on the basis of two parameters of the Median Volume Diameter (MVD) and the Liquid Water Content (LWC) of the original cloud and mist, including the distribution characteristics of the freezing thin rain (MVD)<40 μm), freezing drizzle (MVD)>40 μm), freezing rain (MVD)<40 μm), freezing rain (MVD)>40 μm) four typical droplet distributions (see fig. 1) having a pronounced bimodal character, with droplet sizes simulating a range from 2 μm to 2000 μm and liquid water contents below 0.44g/m 3 。
Aiming at the traditional icing cloud and mist conditions, the characteristics of small droplet size range and large water content range are considered, at present, a single type of air-assisted atomizing nozzle (the type of nozzle adopts high-pressure air to assist liquid atomization and can form micron-sized atomizing particles with small size) is adopted for carrying out cloud and mist simulation in the main icing wind tunnel, and a good effect is obtained.
However, for the icing cloud and mist conditions of supercooled large water drops, the icing cloud and mist conditions have the characteristics of large drop diameter range coverage (from micrometer scale to millimeter scale and spanning three orders of magnitude), definite bimodal drop size distribution, low liquid water content and the like, and nozzles adopted by the conventional icing wind tunnel are difficult to simulate the complicated icing cloud and mist conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a supercooled large-water-droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device, which utilizes a first nozzle to realize small-particle-size droplet spraying, utilizes a second nozzle to realize large-particle-size droplet spraying, and obtains spraying with the characteristics of large droplet diameter coverage range, clear bimodal droplet size distribution and low liquid water content through the overlapping and mixing of the two nozzles, thereby realizing accurate test simulation of the supercooled large-water-droplet icing cloud and mist conditions.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a supercooled large-droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device comprises at least one first nozzle and at least one second nozzle which are arranged on a nozzle pipeline, wherein the spray angle of the first nozzle and the spray angle of the second nozzle have an overlapping region; the first nozzle is provided with a first liquid channel, a first gas channel, a mixing cavity and an ejection channel; the first liquid channel and the first gas channel are both communicated with the mixing chamber, the ejection channel is communicated with the mixing chamber and the external environment, the end part of the first gas channel close to the mixing chamber is provided with a rotational flow section, the diameter of the ejection channel is gradually increased along a first direction, and the first direction is the direction from the mixing chamber to the ejection channel; the second nozzle is provided with a second liquid passage and a swirling core installed in the second liquid passage; the second liquid channel is divided into a first channel and a second channel by the cyclone core, a second liquid outlet is formed in one end, away from the cyclone core, of the second channel, at least two cyclone grooves are formed in the side wall of the cyclone core, a central through hole is formed in the cyclone core along the axis direction of the cyclone core, and the central through hole is communicated with the first channel and the second channel through the cyclone grooves.
In the technical scheme, the first nozzle mixes liquid with gas passing through the cyclone section to realize the distribution simulation of the sizes of liquid drops in a small liquid drop particle size interval, the cone angle structure of the spraying channel is utilized to further enlarge the atomizing range of the spraying and enlarge the spraying angle, the second nozzle utilizes the structure of the cyclone core to mix the liquid passing through the cyclone groove with the liquid passing through the central through hole to realize the size distribution simulation of the liquid drops in a large liquid drop particle size interval, the cone angle generated by low-flow large particles is broken through, large atomized solid spraying is obtained, and then the spraying of the first nozzle and the spraying of the second nozzle are overlapped and mixed to realize the simulation of double-peak distribution, so that the simulation requirement of the size distribution of the liquid drops in the condition of the freezing cloud mist of the supercooled large water drops is met, the number of the first nozzle and the second nozzle, the mounting positions of the first nozzle and the second nozzle and the like can be selected according to actual requirements.
Further, first liquid passage is including the income liquid section that communicates in proper order, infusion section and play liquid section, the axis of infusion section and the axis of play liquid section all overlap with the axis of first nozzle, it is closer to the mixing chamber for going into the liquid section to go out the liquid section, the tip that the infusion section was kept away from to play liquid section has first liquid outlet, the diameter of first liquid outlet increases along first direction gradually, the diameter of first liquid outlet also is the toper structure, cooperate jointly with the toper structure of blowout passageway, the spraying angle of improvement first nozzle, the homogeneity of spraying is improved.
Further, the liquid outlet section further comprises a liquid connecting section, a liquid diameter reducing section and a liquid control section which are sequentially communicated along the first direction, the liquid control section is connected with the first liquid outlet, the diameter of the liquid control section is a constant value, and the structure of the liquid outlet section is favorable for controlling the stability of liquid output.
Further, first gas passage still includes section, annular air chamber and a plurality of gas transmission section of admitting air, and the section of admitting air communicates with annular air chamber, and the coaxial cover of annular air chamber is established outside the infusion section, and a plurality of gas transmission sections are along the circumferencial direction evenly distributed of infusion section, and a plurality of gas transmission section one end all communicate with annular air chamber, and the other end all is connected with the whirl section, and the whirl direction of a plurality of whirl sections is the same.
Furthermore, an included angle between a tangent line of the end part of the axial line of the rotational flow section close to the mixing chamber and a radial surface of the infusion section is a rotational flow angle which is between 40 and 80 degrees; the diameter of the liquid control section is between 0.2mm and 0.5mm, and the finally sprayed spray can meet the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity among small droplet particle size intervals in the condition of super-cooled large droplet icing cloud fog by controlling the size of the swirl angle and the diameter of the liquid control section; on the axial section of the spraying channel, the included angle between two side edges of the spraying channel is an air cone angle, and the air cone angle is 40-80 degrees, so that the finally sprayed spray can meet the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity in a large droplet particle size range under the condition of the supercooled large droplet icing mist.
Further, the mixing chamber comprises a front-end conveying section and a rear-end mixing section which are sequentially communicated, the rear-end mixing section is communicated between the spraying channel and the front-end conveying section, the rotational flow section is communicated with the front-end conveying section, and the first liquid outlet is communicated with the rear-end mixing section; the diameter of the front end conveying section is gradually reduced along the first direction, and the diameter of the rear end mixing section is a constant value.
Furthermore, the first nozzle comprises a first nozzle main body, a first liquid cap main body and an air cap, the liquid inlet section and the air inlet section are both arranged in the first nozzle main body, grooves are respectively arranged at the end part of the first nozzle main body and the end part of the first liquid cap main body, the groove at the end part of the first nozzle main body can be spliced with the groove at the end part of the first liquid cap main body to form an annular air cavity, and the liquid conveying section, the air conveying section and the rotational flow section are all arranged in the first liquid cap main body; the end part of the first liquid cap main body, which is far away from the first nozzle main body, is connected with a liquid cap tip, the air cap is sleeved outside the liquid cap tip, and the liquid outlet section is arranged in the liquid cap tip; the mixing chamber and the ejection channel are both arranged in the air cap, and a fastening nut is fixed outside the connecting position of the first liquid cap main body and the air cap.
Furthermore, the first passageway is including the entering section and the transportation section that communicate in proper order, and the second passageway is including the first mixed section and the second mixed section that communicate in proper order, and the whirl core is located between transportation section and the first mixed section, and the tip that the first mixed section was kept away from to the second mixed section is connected with the second liquid outlet, and the diameter of second mixed section reduces along the second direction gradually, and the second direction is the direction of first passageway to second passageway.
Furthermore, the at least two swirl slots are rotationally symmetrical along the axis of the swirl core, the included angle between the tangent line at any position of the slot center line of the swirl slots and the axis of the swirl core is a swirl inclination angle, and the swirl inclination angle is between 40 and 60 degrees; the central through hole comprises a central inlet section and a central transport section, the diameter of the central inlet section is gradually reduced along the second direction, and the diameter of the central transport section is a constant value.
Further, the second nozzle includes a second nozzle body, a second liquid cap body, and a liquid cap inlay mounted within the second liquid cap body; the inlet section is arranged in the second nozzle main body, the transportation section is arranged in the second liquid cap main body, the cyclone core is arranged inside the liquid cap inlay, and the second channel is arranged in the liquid cap inlay.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. according to the invention, the swirling flow section is arranged in the first nozzle, so that liquid is mixed with air passing through the swirling flow section, the size distribution simulation of liquid drops in a small liquid drop particle size interval is realized, the diameter of the spraying channel is gradually increased along the first direction to form a conical structure, the increase of the spraying angle of the first nozzle is facilitated, and the conical structure of the first liquid outlet is matched with the spraying channel to further increase the spraying angle of the first nozzle.
2. According to the invention, the cyclone core is arranged, the cyclone groove and the central through hole are arranged on the cyclone core, the liquid passing through the cyclone groove and the liquid passing through the central through hole are mixed and then sprayed out from the nozzle outlet, and the simulation of the size distribution of the liquid drops in the large liquid drop particle size interval is realized.
3. In the invention, the spray of the first nozzle and the spray of the second nozzle are overlapped and blended to obtain the spray with definite bimodal droplet size distribution characteristics, thereby meeting the requirement of droplet size distribution under the condition of the super-cooled large water droplet icing cloud mist.
4. According to the invention, aiming at the first nozzle, the angle of the swirl angle is limited to be between 40 and 80 degrees, the diameter of the liquid control section is limited to be between 0.2 and 0.5mm, and the angle of the air cone angle is limited to be between 40 and 80 degrees, so that the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity of small droplet particle size intervals in the supercooled large water droplet icing cloud condition are met.
5. According to the invention, aiming at the second nozzle, the angle of the rotational flow inclination angle is limited to be between 40 and 60 degrees, the diameter range of the central transportation section is limited to be between 0.3 and 0.5mm, and the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity in a large droplet size interval under the condition of super-cooled large water droplet icing cloud mist are met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a super cooled large water droplet icing cloud condition;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first nozzle and a second nozzle in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall cross-sectional view of a first nozzle provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detail view at A provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a first liquid cap provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of a first nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an overall cross-sectional view of a second nozzle provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a detail view at B provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a second liquid cap body and liquid cap inlay provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cyclone core structure provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 11 is an overall configuration diagram of a second nozzle provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a spray droplet size distribution diagram formed by the nozzle simulation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
110-liquid inlet section, 120-liquid inlet section, 130-liquid outlet section, 131-first liquid outlet, 132-liquid joining section, 133-liquid reducing section, 134-liquid control section, 210-cyclone section, 220-air inlet section, 230-annular air cavity, 240-air delivery section, 250-cyclone angle, 300-mixing chamber, 310-front end delivery section, 320-rear end mixing section, 400-ejection channel, 410-air cone angle, 511-inlet section, 512-transport section, 521-second liquid outlet, 522-first mixing section, 523-second mixing section, 600-cyclone core, 610-cyclone groove, 620-central through hole, 621-central inlet section, 622-central transport section, 630-cyclone inclination angle, 700-first nozzle, 701-first nozzle body, 702-first liquid cap body, 703-air cap, 704-liquid cap tip, 705-fastening, 800-second nozzle, 801-second nozzle body, 802-second liquid cap body, 803-nut body, 803-liquid nut; 901-the first water and air supply pipeline and 902-the second water and air supply pipeline.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are intended as a brief description of the invention and are not intended as limiting the scope of the invention.
Examples
Because the existing nozzle structure can not realize the icing cloud and mist condition of the supercooled large water drops required in the icing wind tunnel test, the nozzle device is provided in the implementation, and the two nozzle structures are matched with each other to realize the simulation of the icing cloud and mist condition of the supercooled large water drops.
The embodiment provides a supercooled large water droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device, which comprises at least one first nozzle 700 and at least one second nozzle 800 which are installed on a nozzle pipeline, wherein the spraying angle of the first nozzle 700 and the spraying angle of the second nozzle 800 are provided with an overlapping region, the number and the specific installation positions of the first nozzle 700 and the second nozzle 800 need to be adjusted according to actual requirements, however, in order to enable the spraying to be overlapped, the spraying angles of the first nozzle 700 and the second nozzle 800 need to be provided with the overlapping region, and the spraying angle refers to an included angle formed by spraying edge lines which are closest to two sides when the nozzles are used.
The first nozzle 700 has a structure as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the first nozzle 700 having a first liquid passage, a first gas passage, a mixing chamber 300, and an ejection passage 400; the first liquid channel and the first gas channel are both communicated with the mixing chamber 300, the ejection channel 400 is communicated with the mixing chamber 300 and the external environment, the end part of the first gas channel close to the mixing chamber 300 is provided with a cyclone section 210, the diameter of the ejection channel 400 is gradually increased along a first direction, and the first direction is the direction from the mixing chamber 300 to the ejection channel 400;
liquid passing through the first liquid channel and gas passing through the first gas channel are mixed in the mixing chamber 300 and then are sprayed out through the spraying channel 400, because the end part of the first gas channel close to the mixing chamber 300 is provided with the cyclone section 210, the air passing through the cyclone section 210 is mixed with the liquid, the simulation condition of droplet size distribution among small droplet particle size intervals is realized, the diameter of the spraying channel 400 is gradually increased along with the first direction to form a cone angle structure, the spraying angle of the nozzle can be further enlarged, and the subsequent spraying is convenient to mix.
The first liquid channel comprises a liquid inlet section 110, a liquid conveying section 120 and a liquid outlet section 130 which are sequentially communicated, the axis of the liquid conveying section 120 and the axis of the liquid outlet section 130 are overlapped with the axis of the first nozzle 700, the liquid outlet section 130 is closer to the mixing chamber 300 relative to the liquid inlet section 110, the end part, far away from the liquid conveying section 120, of the liquid outlet section 130 is provided with a first liquid outlet 131, the diameter of the first liquid outlet 131 is gradually increased along a first direction, the structure of the first liquid outlet 131 is similar to that of the spraying channel 400, the two cone angle structures are matched with each other, liquid passing through the first liquid outlet 131 is subjected to tapering treatment and is mixed with gas, and then the mixed gas and liquid pass through the tapered spraying channel 400, so that the spraying angle can be further increased; in this embodiment, in order to maintain the flow stability of the liquid, the liquid inlet section 110 has a Z-shaped structure as a whole, and as shown in fig. 3, the liquid inlet section 110 has a corner, and a portion of the liquid inlet section 110 close to the liquid feeding section 120 is disposed along the axial direction of the first nozzle 700.
The liquid outlet section 130 further includes a liquid connection section 132, a liquid diameter reduction section 133 and a liquid control section 134 which are sequentially communicated with each other along the first direction, as shown in fig. 4, the liquid control section 134 is connected with the first liquid outlet 131, the diameter of the liquid control section 134 is a constant value, liquid enters the liquid connection section 132 through the liquid conveying section 120, then the liquid speed is increased through the liquid diameter reduction section 133, the liquid speed is stabilized by the liquid control section 134, and finally the liquid stably passes through the conical structure of the first liquid outlet 131, so that the effect of uniformly mixing with air passing through the rotational flow section 210 is achieved.
The first gas channel further comprises an air inlet section 220, an annular air cavity 230 and a plurality of gas transmission sections 240, the air inlet section 220 is communicated with the annular air cavity 230, the annular air cavity 230 is coaxially sleeved outside the liquid conveying section 120, the plurality of gas transmission sections 240 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the liquid conveying section 120, one ends of the plurality of gas transmission sections 240 are communicated with the annular air cavity 230, the other ends of the plurality of gas transmission sections are connected with the cyclone sections 210, and the cyclone directions of the plurality of cyclone sections 210 are the same; the air inlet section 220 inputs air into the annular air cavity 230, the air enters the plurality of air transmission sections 240 through the annular air cavity 230, then air swirling is achieved through the swirling section 210, the annular air cavity 230 plays a role in distribution, and the plurality of air transmission sections 240 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the infusion section 120, so that subsequent air and liquid can be uniformly mixed.
The included angle between the tangent to the end position of the swirl section 210 axis near the mixing chamber 300 and the radial plane of the infusion section 120 is a swirl angle 250, as shown in fig. 5, the swirl angle 250 ranges from 40 degrees to 80 degrees; the diameter of the liquid control section 134 is between 0.2mm and 0.5 mm; on the axial section of the ejection channel 400, the included angle between the two side edges of the ejection channel 400 is an air cone angle 410, as shown in fig. 4, the air cone angle 410 is between 40 degrees and 80 degrees, and the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity in the small droplet size range under the condition of the super-cooled large droplet icing cloud are met.
The mixing chamber 300 includes a front-end conveying section 310 and a rear-end mixing section 320 which are sequentially communicated, as shown in fig. 4, the rear-end mixing section 320 is communicated between the ejection channel 400 and the front-end conveying section 310, the swirling section 210 is communicated with the front-end conveying section 310, and the first liquid outlet 131 is communicated with the rear-end mixing section 320; the diameter of the front end conveying section 310 is gradually reduced along the first direction, and the diameter of the rear end mixing section 320 is a constant value.
The liquid enters from the first liquid channel, sequentially passes through the liquid inlet section 110, the liquid conveying section 120, then enters the liquid connecting section 132, passes through the liquid reducing section 133 and the liquid control section 134, and finally the first liquid outlet 131 is in the rear mixing section 320 of the mixing chamber 300; the gas enters through the first gas channel, sequentially passes through the gas inlet section 220 and the annular air cavity 230, is divided into a plurality of parts through the annular air cavity 230, enters the plurality of gas transmission sections 240, is output to the front end conveying section 310 of the mixing chamber 300 through the cyclone section 210, continues forwards, enters the rear end mixing section 320, is uniformly mixed with the gas, and is sprayed out through the spraying channel 400.
In specific implementation, in consideration of manufacturing accuracy and difficulty, and convenience of assembly, in this embodiment, the first nozzle 700 includes a first nozzle main body 701, a first liquid cap main body 702, and an air cap 703, the liquid inlet section 110 and the air inlet section 220 are both disposed in the first nozzle main body 701, the end portions of the first nozzle main body 701 and the first liquid cap main body 702 are both provided with grooves, the groove at the end portion of the first nozzle main body 701 can be spliced with the groove at the end portion of the first liquid cap main body 702 to form an annular air chamber 230, and the liquid delivery section 120, the air delivery section 240, and the swirling flow section 210 are all disposed in the first liquid cap main body 702; the end of the first liquid cap body 702 far away from the first nozzle body 701 is connected with a liquid cap tip 704, the air cap 703 is sleeved outside the liquid cap tip 704, and the liquid outlet section 130 is arranged in the liquid cap tip 704; the mixing chamber 300 and the ejection channel 400 are both provided in the air cap 703, and a fastening nut 705 is fixed outside the connection position of the first liquid cap main body 702 and the air cap 703.
During assembly, the first nozzle body 701 and the first liquid cap body 702 are firstly spliced, so that the liquid inlet section 110 is communicated with the liquid infusion section 120, the air inlet section 220 is communicated with the annular air cavity 230, the air delivery section 240 is communicated with the annular air cavity 230, then the liquid cap tip 704 is installed at the end part, far away from the first nozzle body 701, of the first liquid cap body 702, the liquid infusion section 120 and the liquid outlet section 130 are aligned, then the air cap 703 is sleeved outside the liquid cap tip 704, the mixing chamber 300 is communicated with the liquid outlet section 130 and the cyclone section 210, and in order to maintain the structural stability of the first nozzle 700, a fastening nut 705 is fixed at the connecting position of the first liquid cap body 702 and the air cap 703.
The second nozzle 800 has a structure as shown in fig. 7 to 11, the second nozzle 800 having a second liquid passage and a cyclone core 600 installed in the second liquid passage; the second liquid channel is divided into a first channel and a second channel by the cyclone core 600, a second liquid outlet 521 is arranged at one end of the second channel far away from the cyclone core 600, at least two cyclone grooves 610 are formed in the side wall of the cyclone core 600, a central through hole 620 is formed in the cyclone core 600 along the axial direction of the cyclone core, and the central through hole 620 and the cyclone grooves 610 are communicated with the first channel and the second channel.
After entering through the second liquid channel, the liquid is divided into two parts, one part enters the second channel through the cyclone groove 610 on the side wall of the cyclone core 600, the other part enters the second channel through the central through hole 620 of the cyclone core 600, the two parts of liquid are mixed in the second liquid and are finally sprayed out from the second liquid outlet 521 to form solid conical atomized spray, thereby realizing the simulation of the size distribution of the liquid drops in the large liquid drop particle size interval and breaking through the bottleneck of generating low-flow large particles.
The first channel comprises an inlet section 511 and a transportation section 512 which are communicated in sequence, the inlet section 511 is of a Z-shaped structure and has corners, so that fluid can be stably transported, the part of the inlet section 511, which is close to the transportation section 512, is coaxially arranged with the transportation section 512, the second channel comprises a first mixing section 522 and a second mixing section 523 which are communicated in sequence, the cyclone core 600 is positioned between the transportation section 512 and the first mixing section 522, the end part, which is far away from the first mixing section 522, of the second mixing section 523 is connected with a second liquid outlet 521, the diameter of the second mixing section 523 is gradually reduced along a second direction, the second direction is the direction from the first channel to the second channel, and after liquid passing through the central through hole 620 and the cyclone groove 610 is mixed, the liquid enters the first mixing section 522 and is then conveyed to the second liquid outlet 521 to be sprayed.
The swirl slots 610 on the swirl core 600 are generally arranged in two or more than two, in this embodiment, three swirl slots 610 are provided, the three swirl slots 610 are rotationally symmetric around the axis of the swirl core 600, the swirl slots 610 have slot center lines, an included angle is formed between a tangent line at any position on the slot center line and the axis of the swirl core 600, as shown in fig. 10, the included angle is a swirl inclination angle 630, in order to meet the requirements of droplet size distribution, liquid water content and uniformity in the large droplet size interval in the supercooled large droplet icing cloud condition, the range of the swirl inclination angle 630 is between 40 degrees and 60 degrees, the central through hole 620 of the swirl core 600 comprises a central inlet section 621 and a central transport section 622, the diameter of the central inlet section 621 gradually decreases along the second direction, the diameter of the central transport section 622 is a constant value, the diameter of the central transport section 622 is between 0.3mm and 0.5mm, and the structure of the central inlet section 621 facilitates the liquid to enter into the central transport section 622.
For ease of fabrication, control accuracy, and assembly, the second nozzle 800 of the present embodiment includes a second nozzle body 801, a second liquid cap body 802, and a liquid cap inlay 803, the liquid cap inlay 803 being mounted within the second liquid cap body 802; the inlet section 511 is disposed in the nozzle body, the transport section 512 is disposed in the second liquid cap body 802, the swirl core 600 is mounted inside the liquid cap inlay 803, and the second channel is disposed in the liquid cap inlay 803, mainly for the purpose of controlling the accuracy and facilitating the assembly of the swirl core 600, and the structure of the assembled second nozzle 800 is shown in fig. 11.
The liquid enters through the inlet section 511, is stably conveyed to the conveying section 512, then enters the cyclone groove 610 and the central through hole 620, is finally mixed in the first mixing section 522, and is output from the second liquid outlet 521 through the second mixing section 523.
Since the first nozzle 700 only requires a liquid passage, in actual use, the first nozzle body 701 of the first nozzle 700 may be directly selected for use, and the second nozzle body 801 may also be selected for use.
This embodiment provides a schematic illustration of the cooperative use of two first nozzles 700 and one second nozzle 800, as shown in fig. 2, the nozzle pipeline includes a water supply pipeline and an air supply pipeline, three nozzles are used side by side, a first nozzle 700 is connected with a first water supply and air supply pipeline 901, a first nozzle body 701 is used for water and air intake, a second nozzle 800 is connected with a second water supply and air supply pipeline 902, a second nozzle body 801 is used for water intake, the distance between the nozzles is adjusted according to the test requirements, it should be noted, however, that the spray angles of different nozzles need to be overlapped to facilitate the mixing of the sprays, in the experiment, the water and air supply pressure of each pipeline system is firstly set respectively, then simultaneously opening two systems to spray by a nozzle, finally measuring the cloud size distribution of a mixing area at the downstream of spraying by a particle size measuring instrument, figure 12 shows a spray droplet size distribution plot formed by a nozzle simulator in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, where the horizontal axis is the drop diameter and the vertical axis is the cumulative volume fraction of drops (expressed as the ratio of the total volume of drops smaller than the corresponding diameter to the total spray drop volume), the dashed line represents the reference curve, the droplet size distribution corresponds to the condition of freezing drizzle (MVD >40 μm), the solid line indicates the measurement result, the figure shows the droplet size distribution for the freeze-drizzle (MVD >40 μm) condition, using a single first nozzle 700 in combination with a single second nozzle spray 800, the method comprises the steps of obtaining fully-blended combined spray by setting proper nozzle control parameters, measuring the size distribution of spray droplets in a combined spray blending region by using a droplet size measuring instrument, and showing that a droplet size distribution curve obtained by the method is better matched with a reference curve and can better simulate the typical bimodal droplet size distribution characteristics of large supercooled droplets.
In other embodiments, a plurality of first nozzles 700 may be selected to be disposed around one second nozzle 800, or a plurality of second nozzles 800 may be selected to be disposed around one first nozzle 700, and the specific arrangement is selected according to the desired cloud conditions, but it should be noted that the spray angles between adjacent nozzles need to have an overlapping area to facilitate the cloud blending.
In this embodiment, the first nozzle 700 is used to mix the liquid with the gas passing through the swirling flow section 210, so as to achieve distribution simulation of droplet size in a small droplet size range, and the cone angle structure of the ejection channel 400 is used to further increase the atomization range of the spray and enlarge the spray angle, and the cone angle structure of the first liquid outlet 131 is used to further enlarge the atomization range of the spray; by utilizing the structure of the cyclone core 600 of the second nozzle 800, the liquid passing through the cyclone groove 610 is mixed with the liquid passing through the central through hole 620, the size distribution simulation of the liquid drops in a large liquid drop particle size interval is realized, the bottleneck of low-flow large-particle generation is broken through, the spray with a large atomization solid cone angle is obtained, and the problem of uniform simulation of the liquid water content of the super-cooled large water drop cloud mist is finally solved; the first nozzle 700 and the second nozzle 800 are used in a mixed mode, the spray angle of the first nozzle 700 is overlapped with the spray angle of the second nozzle 800, bimodal distribution simulation is achieved, the condition that the diameter coverage range of liquid drops in the supercooled large water drop icing cloud mist condition is large is met, the development of the nozzle simulation device provided by the embodiment obviously expands the icing wind tunnel cloud mist capacity, and important technical support is provided for fine simulation of the large icing wind tunnel icing cloud mist.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A supercooled large-water-drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device is characterized in that,
comprising at least one first nozzle (700) and at least one second nozzle (800) mounted on a nozzle duct, the spray angle of the first nozzle (700) having an overlap region with the spray angle of the second nozzle (800);
the first nozzle (700) having a first liquid passage, a first gas passage, a mixing chamber (300), and an ejection passage (400); the first liquid channel and the first gas channel are both communicated with the mixing chamber (300), the ejection channel (400) is communicated with the mixing chamber (300) and the external environment, a swirl section (210) is arranged at the end part of the first gas channel close to the mixing chamber (300), the diameter of the ejection channel (400) is gradually increased along a first direction, and the first direction is the direction from the mixing chamber (300) to the ejection channel (400);
the second nozzle (800) has a second liquid passage and a swirl core (600) mounted in the second liquid passage; the whirl core (600) will second liquid passage separates for first passageway and second passageway, the second passageway is kept away from the one end of whirl core (600) is provided with second liquid outlet (521), at least two whirl grooves (610) have been seted up to whirl core (600) lateral wall, central through-hole (620) have been seted up along its axis direction in whirl core (600), central through-hole (620) with whirl groove (610) intercommunication first passageway with the second passageway.
2. A super-cooled large droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the first liquid channel comprises an inlet section (110), an inlet section (120) and an outlet section (130) which are connected in sequence, the axis of the inlet section (120) and the axis of the outlet section (130) both overlap the axis of the first nozzle (700), the outlet section (130) is closer to the mixing chamber (300) than the inlet section (110), the end of the outlet section (130) far from the inlet section (120) is provided with a first liquid outlet (131), and the diameter of the first liquid outlet (131) gradually increases along a first direction.
3. A super-cooled large droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device according to claim 2, wherein the liquid outlet section (130) further comprises a liquid connecting section (132), a liquid reducing section (133) and a liquid control section (134) which are sequentially communicated with each other along the first direction, the liquid control section (134) is connected with the first liquid outlet (131), and the diameter of the liquid control section (134) is constant.
4. A supercooled large water droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle device according to claim 2,
first gas passage still includes air intake section (220), annular air chamber (230) and a plurality of gas transmission section (240), air intake section (220) with annular air chamber (230) intercommunication, annular air chamber (230) coaxial housing is established outside infusion section (120), it is a plurality of gas transmission section (240) are followed the circumferencial direction evenly distributed of infusion section (120), it is a plurality of gas transmission section (240) one end all with annular air chamber (230) intercommunication, the other end all is connected with whirl section (210), it is a plurality of the whirl direction of whirl section (210) is the same.
5. A supercooled large droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the angle between the tangent to the axis of the swirl section (210) at the end position close to the mixing chamber (300) and the radial plane of the infusion section (120) is a swirl angle (250), the swirl angle (250) being between 40 and 80 degrees;
the diameter of the liquid control section (134) is between 0.2mm and 0.5 mm;
on the axial section of the ejection channel (400), the included angle between two sides of the ejection channel (400) is an air cone angle (410), and the air cone angle (410) is between 40 and 80 degrees.
6. A supercooled large water droplet icing cloud mist simulation nozzle device according to claim 4, wherein the mixing chamber (300) comprises a front end conveying section (310) and a rear end mixing section (320) which are communicated in sequence, the rear end mixing section (320) is communicated between the ejection channel (400) and the front end conveying section (310), the cyclone section (210) is communicated with the front end conveying section (310), and the first liquid outlet (131) is communicated with the rear end mixing section (320);
the diameter of the front end conveying section (310) is gradually reduced along a first direction, and the diameter of the rear end mixing section (320) is a constant value.
7. A supercooled large water droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle device according to claim 4,
the first nozzle (700) comprises a first nozzle body (701), a first liquid cap body (702), and an air cap (703);
the liquid inlet section (110) and the air inlet section (220) are arranged in the first nozzle main body (701), grooves are arranged at the end part of the first nozzle main body (701) and the end part of the first liquid cap main body (702), the grooves at the end part of the first nozzle main body (701) can be spliced with the grooves at the end part of the first liquid cap main body (702) to form the annular air cavity (230), and the liquid conveying section (120), the air conveying section (240) and the rotational flow section (210) are arranged in the first liquid cap main body (702);
the end of the first liquid cap main body (702) far away from the first nozzle main body (701) is connected with a liquid cap tip (704), the air cap (703) is sleeved outside the liquid cap tip (704), and the liquid outlet section (130) is arranged in the liquid cap tip (704); the mixing chamber (300) and the ejection channel (400) are both arranged in the air cap (703), and a fastening nut (705) is fixed outside the connection position of the first liquid cap main body (702) and the air cap (703).
8. A super-cooled large water droplet icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device according to claim 1, wherein the first passage comprises an inlet section (511) and a transport section (512) which are communicated in sequence, the second passage comprises a first mixing section (522) and a second mixing section (523) which are communicated in sequence, the swirl core (600) is located between the transport section (512) and the first mixing section (522), the end of the second mixing section (523) far away from the first mixing section (522) is connected with the second liquid outlet (521), the diameter of the second mixing section (523) is gradually reduced along a second direction, and the second direction is a direction from the first passage to the second passage.
9. A super-cooled large water droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle device according to claim 8,
at least two swirl slots (610) are rotationally symmetrical along the axis of the swirl core (600), the included angle between the tangent line of any position of the slot center line of the swirl slots (610) and the axis of the swirl core (600) is a swirl inclination angle (630), and the swirl inclination angle (630) is between 40 and 60 degrees;
the central through hole (620) comprises a central inlet section (621) and a central transport section (622), the diameter of the central inlet section (621) gradually decreases along the second direction, and the diameter of the central transport section (622) is constant.
10. A supercooled large droplet icing cloud simulation nozzle arrangement according to claim 9,
the second nozzle (800) comprises a second nozzle body (801), a second liquid cap body (802), and a liquid cap inlay (803), the liquid cap inlay (803) being mounted within the second liquid cap body (802);
the entry segment (511) is disposed within the second nozzle body (801), the transport segment (512) is disposed within the second liquid cap body (802), the swirl core (600) is mounted inside the liquid cap inlay (803), and the second passage is disposed in the liquid cap inlay (803).
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| CN202310077893.9A CN115780118A (en) | 2023-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Supercooled large-water-drop icing cloud and mist simulation nozzle device |
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