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CN115704444A - 机动车的动力换档变速器 - Google Patents

机动车的动力换档变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115704444A
CN115704444A CN202210986337.9A CN202210986337A CN115704444A CN 115704444 A CN115704444 A CN 115704444A CN 202210986337 A CN202210986337 A CN 202210986337A CN 115704444 A CN115704444 A CN 115704444A
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group
powershift
transmission
gear
driven
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迈克尔·哈斯
马丁·丹克斯赖特
安东·埃德
托马斯·保利
托马斯·施皮斯尔
托马斯·奥伯布赫纳
斯特凡·伊格尔
西蒙·兰德舒特
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/043—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement without gears having orbital motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H2003/0818—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts comprising means for power-shifting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0931—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts each countershaft having an output gear meshing with a single common gear on the output shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/08—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts
    • F16H3/087—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears
    • F16H3/093—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts
    • F16H2003/0935—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts characterised by the disposition of the gears with two or more countershafts with multiple countershafts comprising only one idle gear and one gear fixed to the countershaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H37/042—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement
    • F16H37/043—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H2037/045—Combinations of toothed gearings only change gear transmissions in group arrangement without gears having orbital motion comprising a separate gearing unit for shifting between high and low ratio range
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/04—Combinations of toothed gearings only
    • F16H2037/049—Forward-reverse units with forward and reverse gears for achieving multiple forward and reverse gears, e.g. for working machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
    • F16H2200/0078—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratio comprising twelve or more forward speeds

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Abstract

本发明涉及机动车的动力换档变速器，其带有具备多个动力换档级的半档档组，半档档组的输入轴能由马达驱动器的驱动轴以能转动的方式驱动，并且半档档组根据选择多个能动力换档的级传动比之一来将转动运动变速传递到半档档组的输出轴上，其中，能由半档档组的输出轴通过位于中间的中间档组以变速方式并且通过具有多个档位级的同步变速器档组的输入轴以能转动的方式驱动，以及能由同步变速器档组的输出轴以能转动的方式驱动机动车的车桥变速器。中间档组具有能多重动力换档的中间变速器，在中间变速器的每个换档位置中，能通过配属于该换档位置的传动比以能转动的方式驱动同步变速器档组的输入轴。

Description

机动车的动力换档变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及机动车的动力换档变速器，其带有具备多个动力换档级的半档档组，半档档组的输入轴能由马达驱动器的驱动轴以能转动的方式驱动，并且半档档组根据选择多个能动力换档的级传动比之一来将转动运动变速传递到半档档组的输出轴上，其中，能由半档档组的输出轴通过位于中间的中间档组以变速方式且通过具有多个档位级的同步变速器档组的输入轴以能转动的方式驱动，以及能由同步变速器档组的输出轴以能转动的方式驱动机动车的车桥变速器。
发明内容
本发明的任务因此是完成前述类型的机动车的动力换档变速器，该动力换档变速器以简单的结构具有在总变速器内大量的能动力换档的档位。
此任务根据本发明通过如下方式解决，即中间档组具有能多重动力换档的中间变速器，在中间变速器的每个换档位置中，能通过配属于该换档位置的传动比以能转动的方式驱动同步变速器档组的输入轴。
优选地，根据本发明的动力换档变速器是用于农业机械的动力换档变速器。
通过能动力换档的中间变速器，在前述类型的变速器中以简单的方式将总变速器内的能动力换档的档位的数量倍增，其中所有档位可以在不中断牵引力的情况下换档。
如柴油机那样的内燃机适于作为马达驱动器。但是也可以使用每个其他的合适的马达驱动器。
在此，半档档组可以具有一个或多个能动力换档的前进级传动比，其数量通过中间变速器被倍增。
半档档组也可以具有一个或多个能动力换档的后退级传动比，其数量通过中间变速器被倍增。
在此，离合器可以是力锁合离合器和/或摩擦锁合离合器。
能多重动力换档的中间变速器可以具有多个离合器，离合器分别配属于能多重动力换档的中间变速器的一个换档位置，其中离合器例如可以是能以手动或电动液压操纵方式换档的离合器。
为产生用于能电动液压换档的液压压力，输入轴可以是能通过液压泵由马达驱动器的驱动轴驱动的，使得不要求用于液压泵的专门的驱动器。
可行的是，半档档组的级传动比的一部分能由马达驱动器的驱动轴通过半档档组的输入轴直接驱动，并且半档档组的级传动比的另一部分能由半档档组的输入轴通过一个传动比以能转动的方式驱动。
此外也可以实现的是，半档档组的前进级传动比的一部分能由马达驱动器的驱动轴通过半档档组的第一输入轴直接驱动，并且半档档组的前进级传动比的另一部分能由半档档组的输入轴通过一个传动比以能转动的方式驱动，其中，半档档组的能动力换档的后退级传动比的第二输入轴能由马达驱动器的驱动轴通过第二传动比以能转动的方式驱动。
附图说明
在附图中图示并且在下文中详细描述本发明的实施例。其中：
图1示出用于机动车的动力换档变速器的原理图示，
图2示出根据图1的动力换档变速器的半档档组的离合器组合的图示，
图3示出根据图2的动力换档变速器的离合器组的离合器组合的表。
具体实施方式
所图示的动力换档变速器具有内燃机作为马达驱动器1，由内燃机的驱动轴2通过液压泵3以能转动的方式驱动半档档组4的输入轴5，半档档组带有多个能动力换档的级传动比。
输入轴5拥有第一固定轮7，第一固定轮与以能转动的方式支承在半档档组4的输出轴6上的第一空套轮8啮合。第九固定轮35又与以能自由转动的方式布置在半档档组4的轴37上的第九空套轮36咬合。
在输入轴5上还布置有第二空套轮9，第二空套轮与抗相对转动地布置在输出轴6上的第九固定轮35啮合。
半档档组4的输出轴6形成了具有两个齿轮级12和13的中间档组11的输入轴，由输出轴6以能转动的方式驱动中间档组11。
由中间档组11的输出轴14以能转动的方式驱动同步变速器档组15，同步变速器档组具有分别带有所属的传动比的多个档位级。
由同步变速器档组15的输出轴16能通过车桥变速器17以能转动的方式驱动机动车的车桥18。
半档档组4具有空档位置，带有四个能动力换档的前进级传动比VL、VM、VH、VS和四个能动力换档的后退级传动比RL、RM、RH、RS的六个离合器K1至K6，其相应的换档组合在图2中以深色图示。
在空档位置中，无离合器闭合。
在前进级传动比VL中，离合器K1和K2是接合的。在前进级传动比VM中，离合器K3和K2是接合的。在前进级传动比VH中，离合器K1和K4是接合的。在前进级传动比VS中，离合器K3和K4是接合的。在后退级传动比RL中，离合器K1和K6是接合的。在后退级传动比RM中，离合器K3和K6是接合的。在后退级传动比RH中，离合器K1和K5是接合的。在后退变速级级传动比RS中，离合器K3和K5是接合的。
中间档组11的第一齿轮级12具有以能自由转动的方式布置在半档档组4的输出轴6上的第三空套轮19，第三空套轮与固定地布置在中间档组11的输出轴14上的第三固定轮20啮合，第三固定轮具有比第三空套轮19更多的齿数。
中间档组11具有两个能动力换档的换档元件21和22，这些换档元件能换档离开空档。
在操纵第一换档元件21时，半档档组4的输出轴6通过第三空套轮19和第三固定轮20与中间档组11的输出轴14接合。
在操纵第二换档元件22时，以能自由转动的方式支承在输出轴6上的第四空套轮23与固定地布置在中间档组11的输出轴14上的第四固定轮24接合，其中，第四固定轮具有比第四空套轮23更多的齿数。
能通过半档档组4呈现的能动力换档的级传动比可以因此通过中间档组11被加倍。
同步变速器15具有四个档位级I至VI。
在此，档位级I至IV的每个具有一个固定轮26至29，固定轮分别与空套轮30至33齿咬合。
在档位级I和II中，固定轮26和27抗相对转动地布置在中间档组11的输出轴14上，而在档位级III和IV中固定轮28和29抗相对转动地布置在同步档组15的输出轴16上。
在档位I和II中，空套轮30和31以能自由转动的方式布置在同步档组15的输出轴16上，而在档位III和IV中空套轮32和33以能自由转动的方式布置在中间档组11的输出轴14上。
通过同步变速器15的第一双同步离合器25，在第一档位级I中输出轴14通过第五固定轮26和第五空套轮30与输出轴16接合，以及在第二档位级II中通过第六固定轮27和第六空套轮31与输出轴16接合。
通过同步变速器15的第二双同步离合器34，在第三档位级III中输出轴14通过第八空套轮33和第八固定轮29与输出轴16接合，以及第四档位级IV中通过第七空套轮28和第七固定轮32与输出轴16接合。
通过此设计可以以简单的方式实现三十二个前进档和三十二个后退档。
根据半档档组和同步变速器的选择，可以通过各所选的中间档组实现前进档数和后退档数的明显提高。
因此，例如在未图示的带有六个前进档和三个后退档的半档档组以及双级中间档组和三级同步变速器的另外的动力换档变速器中，可以以简单的方式实现三十六个前进档和十八个后退档。
附图标号列表
1马达驱动器
2驱动轴
3液压泵
4半档档组
5半档档组的输入轴
6半档档组的输出轴
7第一固定轮
8第一空套轮
9第二空套轮
10第二固定轮
11中间档组
12第一齿轮级
13第二齿轮级
14中间档组的输出轴
15同步变速器档组
16同步变速器档组的输出轴
17车桥变速器
18车桥
19第三空套轮
20第三固定轮
21第一换档元件
22第二换档元件
23第四空套轮
24第四固定轮
25第一双同步离合器
26第五固定轮
27第六固定轮
28第七固定轮
29第八固定轮
30第五空套轮
31第六空套轮
32第七空套轮
33第八空套轮
34第二双同步离合器
35第九固定轮
36第九空套轮
37轴。

Claims (7)

1.机动车的动力换档变速器，所述动力换档变速器带有具备多个动力换档级的半档档组(4)，所述半档档组的输入轴(5)能由马达驱动器(1)的驱动轴(2)以能转动的方式驱动，并且所述半档档组根据选择多个能动力换档的级传动比之一来将转动运动变速传递到所述半档档组(4)的输出轴(6)上，其中，能由所述半档档组(4)的输出轴(6)通过位于中间的中间档组(11)以变速方式并且通过具有多个档位级的同步变速器档组(15)的输入轴以能转动的方式驱动，以及能由所述同步变速器档组(15)的输出轴(16)以能转动的方式驱动机动车的车桥变速器(17)，其特征在于，所述中间档组(11)具有能多重动力换档的中间变速器，在所述中间变速器的每个换档位置中，能通过配属于该换档位置的传动比以能转动的方式驱动所述同步变速器档组(15)的输入轴。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述半档档组(4)具有一个或多个能动力换档的前进级传动比(VL、VM、VH、VS)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述半档档组(4)具有一个或多个能动力换档的后退级传动比(RL、RM、RH、RS)。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述能多重动力换档的中间变速器具有多个离合器(25、34)，所述离合器(25、34)分别配属于所述能多重动力换档的中间变速器的一个换档位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述离合器(25、34)是力锁合离合器和/或摩擦锁合离合器。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述半档档组(4)的级传动比的一部分能由所述马达驱动器(1)的驱动轴(2)通过所述半档档组(4)的输入轴(5)直接驱动，并且所述半档档组(4)的级传动比的另一部分能由所述半档档组(4)的输入轴(5)通过一个传动比以能转动的方式驱动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的动力换档变速器，其特征在于，所述半档档组的前进级传动比的一部分能由所述马达驱动器的驱动轴通过所述半档档组的第一输入轴直接驱动，并且所述半档档组的前进级传动比的另一部分能由所述半档档组的输入轴通过一个传动比以能转动的方式驱动，其中，所述半档档组的能动力换档的后退级传动比的第二输入轴能由所述马达驱动器的驱动轴通过第二传动比以能转动的方式驱动。
CN202210986337.9A 2021-08-17 2022-08-17 机动车的动力换档变速器 Pending CN115704444A (zh)

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