CN115639079B - Static cone penetration test system and method for restoring soil body site state indoors - Google Patents
Static cone penetration test system and method for restoring soil body site state indoors Download PDFInfo
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- CN115639079B CN115639079B CN202211375368.7A CN202211375368A CN115639079B CN 115639079 B CN115639079 B CN 115639079B CN 202211375368 A CN202211375368 A CN 202211375368A CN 115639079 B CN115639079 B CN 115639079B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a static cone penetration test system and a static cone penetration test method for restoring a soil body on site in a room, wherein the static cone penetration test system comprises a state atomic system and a static cone penetration subsystem arranged above the state atomic system, wherein the state atomic system applies force to a soil body sample from multiple directions through three groups of pressure volume controllers to saturate, drain and solidify the soil body of the sample, so as to realize automatic restoration of the soil body sample, and the static cone penetration test system is used for carrying out static cone penetration test, namely restoring the soil body on site in the room and carrying out the static cone penetration test. The static sounding test system can restore the field condition of the soil body sample indoors, the fit degree of the static sounding test result and the field test result is extremely high, the reliability of the test result is strong, the working intensity and risk coefficient of researchers can be greatly reduced, and the research cost is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of static sounding, in particular to a static sounding test system and method for restoring the on-site state of a soil body indoors.
Background
The in-situ test technology has less disturbance to the soil body, and the high-precision in-situ test can effectively obtain soil body parameters. The hydrostatic Cone Penetration Test (CPTU) is widely applied to geotechnical engineering investigation as an in-situ test technology which is introduced into China in recent years. The static cone penetration test is an in-situ test method for reversely calculating soil parameters by adopting quasi-static force to press a cone probe into soil at constant penetration rate and simultaneously measuring and recording probe resistance, side friction resistance and pore water pressure in the penetration process. The static sounding test has the characteristics of high measurement speed, continuous data, good reproducibility, time saving operation, economy and the like. The soil layer end resistance and side resistance characteristic values can be estimated, and basic parameters are provided for pile foundation design.
Along with the increasing importance of static sounding, the experimental research on the static sounding is correspondingly more and more important, because of the characteristics of the static sounding, the original stress state of soil needs to be kept for testing during experimental research, researchers are required to go to the site for research and testing, however, the site often does not have perfect experimental conditions, and the cost and the period of the on-site research and testing are high for a long time, so that a plurality of researchers transfer the soil body to be tested to a laboratory for research, the stress state of the soil body is changed after the soil body leaves the original position, and the researched result is often different from the actual situation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the static sounding test system and the static sounding test method for the indoor soil body on-site state restoration, which can be used for effectively reducing the research cost while greatly reducing the working intensity and risk coefficient of researchers, and the static sounding test result has extremely high coincidence degree with the on-site test result.
A static cone penetration test system for restoring the on-site state of a soil body indoors comprises a state atom returning system and a static cone penetration subsystem arranged above the state atom returning system;
the system comprises an upper positioning plate, a positioning cap, an upper pressure head, a pull rod, a confining pressure tank, an elastic membrane, a bottom plate, a balance weight cylinder body, a hydraulic cylinder, a pressure volume controller and a lifting assembly, wherein the confining pressure tank is coaxially fixed between the upper positioning plate and the bottom plate, the positioning cap is coaxially fixed on the upper positioning plate and penetrates through the upper positioning plate from top to bottom, the upper pressure head is coaxially fixed in the confining pressure tank through the pull rod, the positioning cap is fixedly connected with the upper pressure head and is coaxially provided with an penetration hole, the balance weight is slidably arranged below the bottom plate through the balance weight cylinder body, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the balance weight and used for driving the balance weight, the elastic membrane is cylindrical, the upper end and the lower end of the elastic membrane are respectively arranged on the upper pressure head and the bottom plate, the balance weight penetrates through the bottom plate and stretches into the elastic membrane to be in clearance fit with the elastic membrane, the upper pressure head, the elastic membrane and the balance weight enclose a soil sample cavity, the confining pressure tank, the upper positioning plate and the bottom plate are combined into a pressure regulating cavity, the pressure cylinder is arranged between the balance weight and the bottom plate, the balance weight is provided with three groups, the balance weight cylinder body is respectively, the balance weight and the balance weight is used for regulating and the output shaft is used for installing and the balance weight and the sensor is used for driving the balance weight and the displacement sensor to move;
the static touch probe system comprises a servo motor, a probe rod, a probe, a ball screw and a reaction support, wherein the servo motor is fixed at the top of the reaction support and drives the ball screw to rotate, the probe rod is parallel to the ball screw and fixed at the bottom of a sliding plate of the reaction support, and the probe is arranged at the end part of the probe rod and is opposite to the penetration hole.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the balance weight is provided with the water passing hole, the water passing hole is communicated with the soil body sample cavity and the balance weight cylinder body, and the pressure of the water passing hole is tested through the hole pressure sensor.
As the preference of above-mentioned technical scheme, pressure volume controller includes step motor, gear box, screw rod, nut, pneumatic cylinder, piston and pressure sensor, gear box slidable mounting is on linear guide, step motor and gear box fixed connection and with the synchronous slip of gear box, step motor passes through the gear box drive screw rod and rotates, the one end of screw rod stretches into the pneumatic cylinder inside and with the inside piston fixed connection of pneumatic cylinder, the nut is located the pneumatic cylinder tip and with screw rod threaded connection, pressure sensor is used for testing the inside pressure of pneumatic cylinder, and the pressure outlet of the pneumatic cylinder of every pressure volume controller of group communicates with soil body sample cavity, pressure regulating cavity and pneumatic cylinder through a set of pipeline respectively.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the lifting assembly adopts the lifting oil cylinder, the bottom plate is arranged on the supporting frame, the lifting oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the confining pressure tank, the cylinder barrel of the lifting oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the supporting frame, and the piston of the lifting oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper positioning plate.
As the preference of above-mentioned technical scheme, the pneumatic cylinder passes through the link and installs on braced frame, the link includes holding ring, connecting rod and holding ring down, go up holding ring and holding ring down respectively with braced frame's roof and pneumatic cylinder fixed connection, the both ends of connecting rod respectively with last holding ring and holding ring fixed connection down and along the circumference evenly distributed of counter weight.
The test method adopting the static cone penetration test system comprises the following specific test steps:
firstly, saturating a probe and manufacturing a sample, and filling a soil sample into a soil sample cavity;
inserting a probe, namely inserting the probe into the soil body sample cavity from the penetration hole, and adjusting the position of the probe to a set height;
step three, reducing the original state of the soil body sample, and carrying out saturation, drainage and consolidation on the soil body sample by adjusting three groups of pressure volume controllers to reduce the soil body sample to the original state;
step four, static sounding test, namely controlling a servo motor to perform static sounding operation, and acquiring and recording test data;
step five, after the test is completed, removing the confining pressure and the shaft pressure, and pulling up the probe to an initial penetration position;
and step six, lifting the static touch probe system and the confining pressure tank by a lifting device, and disassembling the soil body sample.
And step seven, sorting, analyzing test data and maintaining equipment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can restore the original state of the soil body in various states indoors, the data of the restoring process can realize real-time acquisition feedback and automatic control, the efficiency is high, the consistency of the static sounding test result of the sample soil body after the restoring and the field test result is extremely high, and the reliability of the test result is high.
2. The method has the advantages that the working intensity and risk coefficient of researchers are greatly reduced, especially for in-situ test research of deep sea bottom, the method has more obvious advantages, the stress state of the seabed soil sample can be simulated in a laboratory for research, the in-situ research of deep sea bottom with high investment, long period and high risk is avoided, and the research cost is effectively saved.
3. Soil layers with different depths can be simulated, the simulation of different stress states of soil such as consolidation, drainage and the like can be completed according to different conditions, a static sounding test can be performed after the soil sample is restored to an in-situ stress state, and data such as cone tip resistance, side wall friction force, pore water pressure and the like of the sample are obtained.
4. The data acquisition control system can synchronously acquire data, perform digital-to-analog conversion on the data of each measuring channel, record test results at the same time, and finally transmit the data to data acquisition software on a computer through an interface for direct display.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a test system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure volume controller.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the connection frame.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the present test system.
The reference numerals are as follows: the device comprises a 1-upper locating plate, a 2-locating cap, a 3-upper pressure head, a 4-pull rod, a 5-confining pressure tank, a 6-elastic membrane, a 7-bottom plate, an 8-balance weight, a 9-balance weight cylinder body, a 10-hydraulic cylinder, an 11-lifting component, a 12-penetration hole, a 13-soil body sample chamber, a 14-pressure regulating chamber, a 15-displacement sensor, a 16-shaft pressure sensor, a 17-servo motor, a 18-probe rod, a 19-probe, a 20-ball screw, a 21-counter force bracket, a 22-water passing hole, a 23-stepper motor, a 24-gearbox, a 25-screw rod, a 26-nut, a 27-pressure cylinder, a 28-piston, a 29-pressure sensor, a 30-linear guide rail, a 31-supporting frame, a 32-connecting frame, a 3201-upper locating ring, a 3202-connecting rod and a 3203-lower locating ring.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
The static cone penetration test system for restoring the soil body on-site state indoors as shown in fig. 1 to 3 comprises a state atom returning system and a static cone penetration subsystem arranged above the state atom returning system;
the state atomic system comprises an upper locating plate 1, a locating cap 2, an upper pressure head 3, a pull rod 4, a confining pressure tank 5, an elastic membrane 6, a bottom plate 7, a counter weight 8, a counter weight cylinder body 9, a hydraulic cylinder 10, a pressure volume controller and a lifting component 11, wherein the confining pressure tank 5 is coaxially fixed between the upper locating plate 1 and the bottom plate 7, the locating cap 2 is coaxially fixed on the upper locating plate 1 and penetrates through the upper locating plate 1 from top to bottom, the upper pressure head 3 is coaxially fixed inside the confining pressure tank 5 through the pull rod 4, the locating cap 2 is fixedly connected with the upper pressure head 3 and is coaxially provided with a penetration hole 12, the counter weight 8 is slidably mounted below the bottom plate 7 through the counter weight cylinder body 9, the hydraulic cylinder 10 is mounted below the counter weight 8 and is used for driving the counter weight 8, the elastic membrane 6 is cylindrical, the upper end and the lower end of the elastic membrane 6 are respectively arranged on the upper pressure head 3 and the bottom plate 7, the balance weight 8 penetrates through the bottom plate 7 and stretches into the elastic membrane 6 to be in clearance fit with the elastic membrane 6, the upper pressure head 3, the elastic membrane 6 and the balance weight 8 enclose a soil body sample chamber 13, the elastic membrane 6, the confining pressure tank 5, the upper positioning plate 1 and the bottom plate 7 enclose a pressure regulating chamber 14, the pressure volume controller is provided with three groups which are respectively used for regulating the pressure of the soil body sample chamber 13, the pressure regulating chamber 14 and the hydraulic cylinder 10, the balance weight 8 is provided with a displacement sensor 15, a shaft pressure sensor 16 is arranged between the balance weight 8 and an output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder 10, and the lifting assembly 11 is used for assisting in dismantling the soil body sample;
the static touch probe system comprises a servo motor 17, a probe rod 18, a probe 19, a ball screw 20 and a counter-force support 21, wherein the servo motor 17 is fixed on the top of the counter-force support 21 and drives the ball screw 20 to rotate, the probe rod 18 is parallel to the ball screw 20 and is fixed on the bottom of a sliding plate of the counter-force support 21, and the probe 18 is arranged at the end part of the probe rod 17 and is opposite to the penetration hole 12.
In this embodiment, the balance weight 8 is provided with a water passing hole 22, the water passing hole 22 communicates with the soil body sample chamber 13 and the balance weight cylinder 9, and the pressure of the water passing hole 22 is tested by a hole pressure sensor.
In this embodiment, the pressure volume controller includes a step motor 23, a gear box 24, a screw 25, a nut 26, a pressure cylinder 27, a piston 28 and a pressure sensor 29, the gear box 24 is slidably mounted on a linear guide rail 30, the step motor 23 is fixedly connected with the gear box 24 and slides synchronously with the gear box 24, the step motor 23 drives the screw 25 to rotate through the gear box 24, one end of the screw 25 extends into the pressure cylinder 27 and is fixedly connected with the piston 28 in the pressure cylinder 27, the nut 26 is arranged at the end of the pressure cylinder 27 and is in threaded connection with the screw 25, the pressure sensor 29 is used for testing the internal pressure of the pressure cylinder 27, and the pressure outlets of the pressure cylinders of each group of pressure volume controller are respectively communicated with the soil body sample chamber 13, the pressure regulating chamber 14 and the hydraulic cylinder 10 through a group of pipelines.
In this embodiment, the lifting assembly 11 employs a lifting cylinder, the bottom plate 7 is mounted on the supporting frame 31, the lifting cylinders are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the confining pressure tank 5, a cylinder barrel of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the supporting frame 31, and a piston of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper positioning plate 1.
In this embodiment, the hydraulic cylinder 10 is mounted on the support frame 31 through the connection frame 32, the connection frame 32 includes an upper positioning ring 3201, a connection rod 3202, and a lower positioning ring 3203, the upper positioning ring 3201 and the lower positioning ring 3202 are fixedly connected with the top plate of the support frame 31 and the hydraulic cylinder 10 respectively, and two ends of the connection rod 3202 are fixedly connected with the upper positioning ring 3201 and the lower positioning ring 3203 respectively and are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the counterweight 8.
The test method adopting the static cone penetration test system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the specific test steps are as follows:
firstly, saturating a probe and synchronously manufacturing samples, and filling soil samples into a soil sample cavity;
inserting a probe 19, inserting the probe 19 into the soil body sample chamber 13 from the penetration hole 12, and adjusting the position of the probe 19 to a set height;
step three, reducing the original state of the soil body sample, and carrying out saturation, drainage and consolidation on the soil body sample by adjusting three groups of pressure volume controllers to reduce the soil body sample to the original state;
step four, static sounding test, namely controlling the servo motor 17 to perform static sounding operation, and acquiring and recording test data;
and fifthly, after the test is completed, removing the confining pressure and the axial pressure, and pulling up the probe to an initial penetration position.
Step six, lifting the static touch probe system and the confining pressure tank by a lifting device, and disassembling the soil body sample
And step seven, sorting, analyzing test data and maintaining equipment.
The specific test working principle of the static cone penetration test system is as follows.
The pressure volume controller is a screw pump controlled by a microprocessor, is used for accurately measuring the liquid pressure and the liquid volume change, has very high precision, and the inner cavity of the pressure cylinder 27 can be filled with water, oil or gas, and can be independently used as a constant pressure source to replace a conventional indoor pressure source, such as mercury column, an air compressor, an oil pump, a net load device and the like in an independent working mode. It can also be used as a volume change indicator, and the pressure-volume controller can be used as a general pressure source and a volume change indicator in geotechnical engineering laboratory, and the instrument is an ideal counter-pressure source and can also measure the volume change of a sample.
The system has three pressure volume controllers, wherein the pressure volume controllers are used for communicating with a soil sample cavity 13 and changing pore water pressure of the soil sample, the pressure volume controllers are used for communicating with a pressure regulating cavity 14 and regulating radial extrusion force for the soil sample, the pressure volume controllers are used for providing upward axial supporting force (namely regulating top pressure of the soil sample) for test soil, the data acquisition control system acquires data of the three groups of pressure volume controllers and various sensors in real time and performs force feedback, the soil sample is saturated, drained and consolidated by regulating confining pressure, back pressure and axial pressure of the soil sample (wherein the balance weight 8 is lifted under the driving of a piston of the pressure cylinder 10, a cavity is formed between a convex shaft of the balance weight 8 and a balance weight cylinder 9, water extruded by the soil sample enters the cavity through a water hole 22, the lifting of the balance weight 8 is used for regulating the pressure of the soil sample in the up-down direction, namely regulating the axial pressure of the soil sample) until various indexes of the soil sample are reduced to set initial values, and the soil sample is pressurized.
After the operation is finished, the static cone penetration system starts to operate, the servo motor 17 drives the probe rod 18 to penetrate the probe 19 to a specified depth, the data acquisition control system records the cone tip resistance, the side wall friction force, the pore water pressure and other data acquired by the probe 18 in real time, namely, the static cone penetration test of the soil body is finished, the analysis data is finished, and as shown in fig. 4, the data acquisition control system can synchronously acquire the data and perform digital-to-analog conversion on the data of each measuring channel, meanwhile, the test result is recorded, and finally, the data is transmitted to the data acquisition software on the computer through an interface to be directly displayed.
After the test is completed, the lifting assembly 11 separates the state reduction subsystem from the static sounding subsystem, and after corresponding structural members are manually removed, soil samples are taken out, and each subsystem is maintained, so that the service life of the test system can be effectively prolonged.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A static cone penetration test system for restoring the on-site state of a soil body indoors is characterized in that: the static cone penetration system comprises a state atom returning system and a static cone penetration subsystem arranged above the state atom returning system;
the system comprises an upper positioning plate, a positioning cap, an upper pressure head, a pull rod, a confining pressure tank, an elastic membrane, a bottom plate, a balance weight cylinder body, a hydraulic cylinder, a pressure volume controller and a lifting assembly, wherein the confining pressure tank is coaxially fixed between the upper positioning plate and the bottom plate, the positioning cap is coaxially fixed on the upper positioning plate and penetrates through the upper positioning plate from top to bottom, the upper pressure head is coaxially fixed inside the confining pressure tank through the pull rod, the positioning cap is fixedly connected with the upper pressure head and is coaxially provided with an penetration hole, the balance weight is slidably arranged below the bottom plate through the balance weight cylinder body, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged below the balance weight and is used for driving the balance weight, the elastic membrane is cylindrical, the upper end and the lower end of the elastic membrane are respectively arranged on the upper pressure head and the bottom plate, the balance weight penetrates through the bottom plate and stretches into the elastic membrane to be in clearance fit with the elastic membrane, the upper pressure head, the elastic membrane and the balance weight enclose a soil body sample cavity, the confining pressure regulating cavity is formed among the elastic membrane, the confining pressure tank, the upper positioning plate and the bottom plate, the balance weight are provided with three groups, the pressure volume controllers are respectively used for regulating the balance weight and the soil body and the sensor displacement sensor are arranged between the balance weight and the sensor, and the pressure sensor is used for driving the balance weight and the displacement sensor and the sensor and is used for driving and the balance weight and the sensor and for driving and respectively and the displacement and arranged;
the static touch probe system comprises a servo motor, a probe rod, a probe, a ball screw and a counter-force support, wherein the servo motor is fixed at the top of the counter-force support and drives the ball screw to rotate, the probe rod is parallel to the ball screw and fixed at the bottom of a sliding plate of the counter-force support, and the probe is arranged at the end part of the probe rod and is opposite to the penetration hole;
the balance weight is provided with a water passing hole, the water passing hole is communicated with the soil body sample cavity and the balance weight cylinder body, and the pressure of the water passing hole is tested by a hole pressure sensor;
the lifting assembly adopts a lifting oil cylinder, the bottom plate is arranged on the supporting frame, the lifting oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the confining pressure tank, a cylinder barrel of the lifting oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the supporting frame, and a piston of the lifting oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the upper positioning plate;
the method for testing by adopting the static cone penetration test system comprises the following steps:
firstly, saturating a probe and manufacturing a sample, and filling a soil sample into a soil sample cavity;
inserting a probe, namely inserting the probe into the soil body sample cavity from the penetration hole, and adjusting the position of the probe to a set height;
step three, reducing the original state of the soil body sample, and carrying out saturation, drainage and consolidation on the soil body sample by adjusting three groups of pressure volume controllers to reduce the soil body sample to the original state;
step four, static sounding test, namely controlling a servo motor to perform static sounding operation, and acquiring and recording test data;
step five, after the test is completed, removing the confining pressure and the shaft pressure, and pulling up the probe to an initial penetration position;
step six, lifting the static touch subsystem and the confining pressure tank by a lifting device, and disassembling the soil body sample;
and step seven, sorting analysis test data and performing equipment maintenance.
2. The static cone penetration test system according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure volume controller comprises a stepping motor, a gear box, a screw rod, a nut, a pressure cylinder, a piston and a pressure sensor, wherein the gear box is slidably mounted on a linear guide rail, the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the gear box and synchronously slides with the gear box, the stepping motor drives the screw rod to rotate through the gear box, one end of the screw rod stretches into the pressure cylinder and is fixedly connected with the piston inside the pressure cylinder, the nut is arranged at the end part of the pressure cylinder and is in threaded connection with the screw rod, the pressure sensor is used for testing the internal pressure of the pressure cylinder, and the pressure outlet of the pressure cylinder of each group of pressure volume controller is respectively communicated with a soil body sample cavity, a pressure regulating cavity and the hydraulic cylinder through a group of pipelines.
3. The static cone penetration test system according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic cylinder is installed on braced frame through the link, the link includes holding ring, connecting rod and holding ring down, go up holding ring and holding ring down respectively with braced frame's roof and hydraulic cylinder fixed connection, the both ends of connecting rod respectively with last holding ring and holding ring fixed connection down and along the circumference evenly distributed of balancing weight.
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| CN115639079A (en) | 2023-01-24 |
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