CN115608891B - Manufacturing method and device for transition ring with special-shaped section of rocket storage tank - Google Patents
Manufacturing method and device for transition ring with special-shaped section of rocket storage tank Download PDFInfo
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- CN115608891B CN115608891B CN202211215157.7A CN202211215157A CN115608891B CN 115608891 B CN115608891 B CN 115608891B CN 202211215157 A CN202211215157 A CN 202211215157A CN 115608891 B CN115608891 B CN 115608891B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H1/00—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution
- B21H1/06—Making articles shaped as bodies of revolution rings of restricted axial length
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/20—Making uncoated products by backward extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method and a device of a rocket tank special-shaped cross section transition ring, wherein the manufacturing method sequentially carries out manufacturing steps of backward extrusion, rectangular pre-rolling, in-mold special-shaped rolling, final deformation heat treatment and the like, adopts a ring mold to assist special-shaped ring forming, realizes the special-shaped ring forming with stable movement, uniform and stable temperature field and complete cross section filling, and controls the dimensional precision and residual stress of the special-shaped ring in the final deformation heat treatment link through belt mold quenching, in-mold cold rolling and in-mold aging to obtain the special-shaped ring with accurate and stable size and uniform tissue performance; the invention also prepares the ring blank by back extrusion, has high blank preparation efficiency and stable quality, and simultaneously, the blank undergoes axial large deformation in the back extrusion blank preparation and in-mold special rolling links, thereby improving the axial mechanical property of the transition ring. When the method and the device provided by the invention are used for producing the transition ring with the special-shaped section of the rocket storage tank, the method and the device have the advantages of low production cost, high manufacturing efficiency, accurate size, stable product quality and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plastic forming, in particular to a method and a device for manufacturing a transition ring with a special-shaped section of a rocket tank.
Background
With the continuous development of aerospace industry in China, the requirements of manned lunar station construction, space station construction and deep space exploration are continuously increased, the requirements for improving the structural efficiency are more and more urgent, a storage tank is a part shared by a carrier rocket power system and a structural system, is made of high-strength weldable aluminum alloy, occupies 60% -70% of the dry weight of an rocket body, and is a main direction of weight reduction of the structure. The transition ring is used as a key connecting component and a main bearing component of the storage tank, is connected with the barrel section, the tank bottom and the short shell in three directions, and needs to bear complex service conditions such as ultralow temperature environment, load above thousand tons and the like, thus being a key constraint point in the manufacturing of the storage tank.
The active transition ring is integrally formed in a rectangular ring rolling mode, and redundant metal is removed through machining. However, the transition ring has thin wall and complex section, the material utilization rate of the rectangular ring is low, and the machining efficiency is low. In the ring rolling stage, the material is compressed along the radial direction and axially and elongated along the tangential direction, the anisotropy of the mechanical property of the ring piece is serious, the axial (the main bearing direction of the transition ring) performance is low, and the service performance requirement is difficult to meet. The forging and quenching properties are reduced due to the thick section, so that the difficulty in regulating and controlling the uniformity of the ring piece performance is further increased. The problems cause low manufacturing efficiency of the transition ring of the active storage tank in China, low axial performance and great difficulty in regulation and control of tissue performance. Under the traction of the requirements of high-speed development of aerospace and national defense industry in China, the manufacture of the storage tank transition ring is urgently required to develop in a more accurate and high-performance direction.
The special-shaped ring rolling is a high-efficiency and high-performance manufacturing mode, and the target product can be obtained by forming the special-shaped ring piece which is closer to the outline of the target product and matching with a small amount of subsequent cutting. But the problems of thin wall and weak rigidity of the special-shaped ring are outstanding, so that instability problems such as rolling ellipse, torsion and the like are very easy to occur in the rolling process. The wall thickness is reduced in the forming process, the special-shaped section is formed along with the diameter growth, the section forming and the diameter growth are difficult to match, and the section of the ring piece is not fully filled. In the aspect of ring performance regulation, the special-shaped ring has small heat capacity, and the rolling process is extremely easily influenced by an external temperature field, so that the fluctuation of the temperature field of the special-shaped ring is large, and the uniformity of the tissue performance is further influenced. The high-performance aluminum alloy ring piece needs to adopt T8 aging (solution quenching, cold straightening and artificial aging) to reduce the quenching residual stress, regulate and control nano precipitated phases, but no cold straightening method using a mature special-shaped ring is reported at present. The problems cause that the existing special-shaped ring rolling technology cannot meet the high-performance manufacturing requirement of the transition ring of the rocket tank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method and a device of a transition ring with a special-shaped section of a rocket storage tank, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, in a first aspect, the invention provides a manufacturing method of a transition ring with a special-shaped section of a rocket tank, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) back extrusion: heating the billet, extrusion head and die to a target temperature T 1 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 1 Manufacturing a blank in the female die into a reverse extrusion piece through an extrusion head, and cutting the reverse extrusion piece to obtain a ring blank;
s2: rectangular pre-rolling: preheating the ring blank to a forming temperature T 2 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 2 Transferring to a ring rolling mill, rolling to a rectangular ring with a target outer diameter, and air-cooling to obtain a prefabricated ring blank;
s3: in-mold special rolling: heating the preform and the ring mold to a forming temperature T 3 Transferring the heat preservation to a ring rolling mill, feeding a core roller die through rotation of a main roller, rolling through rotation of a lower cone roller and an upper cone roller, and finishing the preset feeding amount s when the core roller die 2 Then stopping rolling, and air-cooling the ring mold and the shaped special-shaped ring to room temperature;
s4: final deformation heat treatment: transferring the special-shaped ring into a quenching furnace, and heating to a solid solution temperature T 4 Preserving heat for a predetermined time H 3 Then the special-shaped ring is cooled to room temperature, then the special-shaped ring is assembled into a ring die, a main roller rotates, and a core roller die completes the preset feeding amount s 3 Stopping, transferring the cold-rolled deformed ring into an aging furnace, and heating to an aging temperature T 5 Aging for a predetermined time H 4 After that, the shaped ring was cooled to room temperature.
As a further improvement of the above method:
the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: heating the blank, the extrusion head and the female die to 400-500 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 1 ；
S12: placing the blank into a female die, and then scattering sawdust ash into the female die to burn the scattered sawdust ash, so that the sticking of the back extrusion piece and the female die caused by negative pressure is avoided;
s13: the extrusion head is fed to a predetermined value s 1 Preparing a reverse extrusion piece;
s14: the head and the bottom of the back extrusion are removed and then axially divided into a plurality of ring blanks of equal axial dimensions.
The step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
preheating the ring blank to 200-480 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 2 Transferring to ring rolling mill, rolling to target external diameter, air cooling, turning the outer circumference and lower end face of rectangular ring to make the outer circumference profile, lower end face and inner profile of ring mouldAnd (3) uniformly turning the inner circumference of the rectangular ring so that a part of the inner contour coincides with the outer contour of the core roller die.
In the step S3, the forming temperature T of the in-mold profile rolling 3 The expansion coefficient of the material of the ring mould is smaller than that of the blank at 200-480 ℃.
In the step S4, the special-shaped ring and the ring die are assembled and then integrally enter a quenching furnace to be heated, and the heat is preserved for a preset time H 3 Then, the ring die and the special-shaped ring are integrally quenched, so that quenching deformation of the special-shaped ring is weakened; after cold rolling and correction, the special-shaped ring and the ring die are integrally transferred into an aging furnace, stress aging is carried out on the special-shaped ring with the die, and the diameter of the special-shaped ring is more contracted after cooling, so that the special-shaped ring is easy to separate from the ring die.
In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a device for manufacturing a transition ring with a special-shaped section of a rocket tank, where the manufacturing device is used for implementing the manufacturing method in the first aspect, and the manufacturing device includes: a back extrusion die for manufacturing the blank into a back extrusion part, and an in-die special rolling die for special-shaped rolling and correcting the prefabricated ring blank.
As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:
the back extrusion die includes: the extrusion device comprises an extrusion head, an extrusion rod, a female die and a centering disc, wherein the extrusion rod is connected with an upper working platform of a hydraulic press, the female die is connected with a lower working platform of the hydraulic press, the female die is provided with a die cavity for placing and forming blanks, the extrusion head is arranged on the extrusion rod, an outer circle Zhou Sheyu of the centering disc is arranged above the die cavity of the female die, and the extrusion rod penetrates through a through hole in the centering disc and then enters the die cavity of the female die.
The in-mold special-shaped rolling die comprises: the ring die comprises a main roller, a core roller die, an upper cone roller, a lower cone roller, a left holding roller, a right holding roller and a tray, wherein the main roller is connected with a main shaft of a ring rolling mill, the core roller die is connected with a core shaft of the ring rolling mill, the ring die is arranged at the upper end of the tray and is used for placing a prefabricated ring blank, the prefabricated ring blank and the ring die integrally extend into a U-shaped groove of the main roller, the outer circumference of the ring die is tangential with the working surface of the main roller, the lower cone roller is tangential with the lower end surface of the ring die, the upper cone roller is positioned above the upper end surface of the ring die, the rotation axes of the main roller, the core roller, the upper cone roller and the lower cone roller are positioned in the same center axis plane, the left holding roller and the right holding roller are symmetrically arranged in the center of the center axis plane, and the left holding roller surface and the ring die are tangential and centered, and the rotation axis of the ring die is positioned in the center axis plane.
Be equipped with a plurality of screw holes on the extrusion pole, works as the extrusion head inserts when the extrusion pole, the extrusion head with the position that the screw hole corresponds is equipped with round circular slot, makes the smooth face of cylinder embedding extrusion head of the screw hole embedding extrusion head of the smooth face of cylinder that the front end was smooth face of cylinder, rear end for the connecting screw of screw thread post screw in extrusion pole, realizes extrusion head and extrusion pole lug connection.
The main roller comprises a main roller die, short cylindrical rollers, bottom hole plugs, upper plugs, lower plugs, baffles and cylindrical head screws, wherein the main roller die is of a closed structure with flanges, a plurality of round grooves are formed in the end faces of the upper flanges and the lower flanges, the outer end faces of the round grooves are milled flat, threaded holes are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the round grooves, the bottom hole plugs, the long cylindrical rollers and the lower plugs are sequentially arranged in the round grooves of the lower flanges, the bottom hole plugs, the short cylindrical rollers, the upper plugs and the short cylindrical rollers are sequentially arranged in the round grooves of the upper flanges, the baffles are arranged on the outer end faces of the round grooves and used for axially positioning the cylindrical rollers, 2 countersunk through holes are formed in the baffles, the positions of the countersunk through holes are matched with the threaded holes in the two sides of the round grooves, and the baffles are fixedly connected by the cylindrical head screws.
The surfaces of the bottom hole chock, the lower chock and the upper chock, which are in contact with the long cylindrical roller or the short cylindrical roller, are spherical surfaces, so that the bottom hole chock, the lower chock and the upper chock can be axially supported and are not influenced to rotate, and lubricating grease is smeared on the long cylindrical roller and the short cylindrical roller before installation.
The upper side and the lower side of the forming outline of the core roller die are provided with raised steps, and the hole patterns of the core roller die and the ring die are combined to form a flash bin in the later forming stage, so that when the flash is extruded in the later forming stage of the special-shaped ring, the flow pressure of the material to the flash bin is increased rapidly, and the section forming of the special-shaped ring is promoted.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1: the invention forms the ring blank by back extrusion, and the ring blank is subjected to large deformation in the axial direction; when in special-shaped rolling in a die, the ring blank is radially compressed due to the limitation of the ring die, the ring part is free from diameter growth, the material only flows axially and the cavity is filled, and the ring blank undergoes two times of axial large deformation in the manufacturing process, so that the axial mechanical property of the transition ring is improved;
2: the invention adopts the modes of integral quenching with the die, cold rolling with the die and aging with the die to carry out final thermomechanical treatment on the special-shaped ring, and the special-shaped ring has fewer quenching deformation and more accurate cold rolling correction due to the constraint effect of the ring die; reducing the residual stress of the component after cold rolling with a die, forming a stress field in the die, and promoting nano-phase precipitation in subsequent artificial aging, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped ring;
3: when the transition ring forge piece with the special-shaped section of the rocket tank is manufactured by the manufacturing method and the device of the transition ring, the special-shaped ring forge piece is attached to the part contour of the transition ring, the material utilization rate of the special-shaped ring forge piece is high, the machining allowance is small, the production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the production cost is reduced.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a back extrusion die of a device for manufacturing a rocket tank profiled-section transition ring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an in-mold profiled rolling die of a device for manufacturing a rocket tank profiled section transition ring in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an in-mold profiled rolling die of a device for manufacturing a rocket tank profiled section transition ring in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the main roll of the apparatus for manufacturing a rocket tank profiled-section transition ring in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a transition ring and shaped ring forging of a precise forming device for a shaped cross section transition ring of a rocket tank, disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote:
1. an extrusion rod; 2. a centering disc; 3. a female die; 4. a connecting screw; 5. an extrusion head; 6. a counter-extrusion; 7. a ring blank; 8. a main roller; 8-1, a main roller die; 8-2, short cylindrical rollers; 8-3, long cylindrical rollers; 8-4, bottom hole plugs; 8-5, upper chock; 8-6, lower plugs; 8-7, baffle plates; 8-8, hexagon socket head cap screws; 9-1, left holding roller; 9-2, a right holding roller; 10. a core roller die; 11. prefabricating a ring blank; 12. a ring mold; 13-1, an upper cone roller; 13-2, a lower cone roll; 14. a tray; 15. a profiled ring; 15-1, a transition ring; 15-2, test ring.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings, but the invention can be implemented in a number of different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.
Furthermore, unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in the description of this application should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like as used in this description are merely used to indicate relative directions or positional relationships, and do not imply that a device or element must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and that the relative positional relationships may be changed when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like, as used in the description herein, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any particular importance to the various components. The use of the terms "a," "an," or "the" and similar referents in the description of the invention are not to be construed as limited in number to the precise location of at least one. As used in this description, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or the like, are intended to cover an element or article that appears before the term and that is recited after the term and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or articles.
It should also be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like as used in the description of this application shall be construed broadly, e.g., the connection may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can also be communicated with the inside of two elements, and the specific meaning of the two elements can be understood by a person skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1, a method of manufacturing a transition ring with a shaped cross section for a rocket tank.
The manufacturing method of the rocket tank special-shaped cross section transition ring of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: and (3) back extrusion: heating the billet, extrusion head 5 and die 3 to a target temperature T 1 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 1 The blank in the female die 3 is manufactured into a back extrusion piece 6 through an extrusion head 5, and the back extrusion piece 6 is cut to obtain a ring blank 7;
specifically, the step S1 specifically includes the steps of:
s11: heating the blank, the extrusion head 5 and the female die 3 to 400-500 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 1 ；
In the present embodiment, the target temperature T 1 Specifically 480 ℃, is kept for a preset time H 1 In particular, the blank is a blank made of an aluminum alloy material, and in other embodiments, the manufacturing method of the embodiment still makes the blank made of the other material into the transition ring with the special-shaped cross section within the protection scope of the present invention, and the aluminum alloy material in the embodiment should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
S12: putting the blank into the female die 3, and then scattering sawdust ash into the female die 3 to burn the scattered sawdust ash, so that the sticking of the back extrusion piece 6 and the female die 3 caused by negative pressure is avoided;
after the extrusion head 5 and the female die 3 are assembled in place respectively, an aluminum alloy blank is put into the female die 3, 1kg of sawdust ash is uniformly sprayed into a gap between the female die 3 and the aluminum alloy blank, the sawdust ash undergoes a combustion reaction, and the combustion reaction releases gas in the extrusion process, so that the sticking of the back extrusion piece 6 and the female die 3 caused by negative pressure is avoided.
S13: the extrusion head is fed to a predetermined value s 1 A reverse extrusion 6 is produced;
in the present embodiment, the extrusion head 5 is fed at a speed of 0.5mm/s to a predetermined value s 1 =320 mm, a counter-extrusion 6 was produced.
S14: the head and bottom of the counter-extrusion 6 are removed and then axially divided into a plurality of ring blanks 7 of equal axial dimensions.
Specifically, the reverse extrusion 6 is separated from the female die 3, and air-cooled to room temperature; the head and bottom of the counter-extrusion 6 are removed and a 2-blade is sawed axially in the middle of the counter-extrusion to produce a 3-piece ring blank 7.
S2: rectangular pre-rolling: preheating the ring blank 7 to a forming temperature T 2 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 2 Transferring to a ring rolling mill, rolling to a rectangular ring with a target outer diameter, and air-cooling to obtain a prefabricated ring blank 11;
specifically, step S2 specifically includes:
preheating the ring blank 7 to 200-480 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 2 Then, the sheet is transferred to a ring rolling machine, the outer circumference and the lower end face of the rectangular ring are turned so that the outer circumference profile and the lower end face are consistent with the inner profile of the ring mold 12, and the inner circumference of the rectangular ring is turned so that a part of the inner profile is overlapped with the outer profile of the core roll mold 10.
Wherein, in the present embodiment, the forming temperature T 2 Heat preservation for a predetermined time H at =450℃ 2 4h, transferring the ring blank 7 to a forming station of a ring rolling mill after heat preservation for 4h at 450 ℃, rolling the ring blank 7 to a rectangular ring with a target outer diameter of 1026mm, turning a rail on the outer circumference and the lower end face of the rectangular ring after air cooling the rectangular ring, enabling the profile of the prefabricated outer circumference and the lower end face to be consistent with the inner profile of a ring die, and enabling the inner circumference of the rectangular ring to be identical with the outer circumference of the ring dieThe sheet is turned so that a portion of the inner contour coincides with the outer contour of the core roller mold to produce the preform ring 11, the rectangular ring having an outer diameter of 1026mm in this embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
S3: in-mold special rolling: heating the preform 11 and the ring mold 12 to a forming temperature T 3 Transferring the heat preservation to a ring rolling mill, feeding the core roller die 10 by rotating the main roller 8, rolling by rotating the lower cone roller 13-2 and the upper cone roller 13-1, and finishing the preset feeding amount s when the core roller die 10 2 Then stopping rolling, and air-cooling the ring mold 12 and the shaped special-shaped ring 15 to room temperature;
wherein, the forming temperature T of the in-mold special-shaped rolling 3 The expansion coefficient of the material of the ring die 12 is 200-480 ℃ less than that of the aluminum alloy blank, the ring die 12 in the embodiment is specifically high-temperature die steel, the characteristics that the expansion coefficient of steel wires is less than that of aluminum alloy are utilized, the ring die 12 and the aluminum alloy prefabricated ring blank 11 form interference fit after being integrally heated, the forming stability of special-shaped ring rolling is improved, and the temperature of the special-shaped ring forming process is more uniform and stable.
Specifically, the main roll 8 is connected with the main shaft of the ring rolling mill, the core roll die 10 is connected with the core shaft of the ring rolling mill, and the prefabricated ring blank 11 is assembled into the die cavity of the ring die 12 at room temperature; transferring the ring mold 12 and the prefabricated ring blank 11 integrally into a heating furnace, and heating to a target forming temperature T 3 The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out heat preservation for 6h at the temperature of 250 ℃, transferring the ring die 12 and the prefabricated ring blank 11 to a forming station of a ring rolling mill integrally, positioning, centering the ring die 12 by a left holding roller 9-1 and a right holding roller 9-2, and moving a lower cone roller 13-2 and an upper cone roller 13-1 to specified positions. The main roller 8 at angular velocityω 1 =v 1 /R 1 =2.5 rad/s clockwise rotation (radius of working face of main roll die 8-1 in this exampleR 1 =395mm) Core roll die 10 at 0.15mm/sAnd (5) feeding at a speed. After the main roller rotates for 15s, the lower cone roller 13-2 rotates clockwise, the upper cone roller 13-1 rotates anticlockwise, and the rotation speeds of the upper cone roller and the lower cone rollerω=ω 1 R 2 /R 1 =8.8rad/s(wherein the diameter of the annular dieR 2 =530mmThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Distance from midpoint of bus of cone roller to bus rotation axisR 1 =150mm). The core roller die 10 completes the target feed amount s 2 =9.5mmAfter that, the feeding of the core roller die 10 is stopped, the main roller 8 continues to rotate for 15s, and the forming of the special-shaped ring 15 is completed. The ring mold 12 and the shaped ring 15 are air-cooled to room temperature.
S4: final deformation heat treatment: transferring the special-shaped ring 15 into a quenching furnace, and heating to a solid solution temperature T 4 After heat preservation for a preset time H3, the special-shaped ring 15 is cooled to room temperature by water, then the special-shaped ring 15 is put into the ring die 12, the main roller 8 rotates, and the core roller die 10 completes a preset feeding amount s 3 Stopping, transferring the cold-rolled deformed ring 15 into an aging furnace, and heating to an aging temperature T 5 Aging for a predetermined time H 4 Thereafter, the profiled ring 15 was cooled to room temperature.
In step S4, the solid solution temperature T 4 =535 ℃, keep warm for a predetermined time H 3 Time temperature T =6h 5 Time-lapse preset time H =155℃ 4 =30h. After the special-shaped ring 15 and the ring mold 12 are assembled, the whole body enters a quenching furnace to be heated, and after the ring mold 12 and the special-shaped ring 15 are heated to 535 ℃ and kept for 6 hours, the quenching deformation of the special-shaped ring 15 is weakened; after cold rolling and correction, the special-shaped ring 15 and the ring die 12 are integrally transferred into an aging furnace, stress aging is carried out on the strip die, and after cooling, the special-shaped ring 15 is more in diameter shrinkage and is easy to separate from the ring die 12.
Specifically, the ring die 12 and the special-shaped ring 15 are integrally transferred into a ring quenching furnace, heated to 535 ℃, and kept for 6 hours, the ring die 12 and the special-shaped ring 15 are integrally and rapidly transferred into a water tank, the belt die quenching is carried out, the transfer time is less than 10s, then the ring die 12 and the special-shaped ring 15 are integrally transferred into a forming station of the ring rolling mill, the left holding roller 9-1 and the right holding roller 9-2 center the ring die 12, and the main roller 8 takes an angular velocityω 1 =2.5rad/sRotating the core roll die 10 at a speed of 0.1mm/sAfter the main roll rotates for 15s, the lower cone roll 13-2 rotates clockwise, the upper cone roll 13-1 rotates counterclockwise, and the rotation speeds of the upper cone roll and the lower cone rollω=ω 1 R 2 /R 1 =8.8rad/sThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The feeding amount of the core roller die reaches 2mmAfter that, cold rolling straightening is completed, and the core roll die 10 stops feeding. Then the ring mould 12 and the cold-shaped ring 15 after correction are integrally transferred into an aging furnace, and added withHeat to 155 ℃ and keep the temperature for 30h. After the aged ring die 12 and the special-shaped ring 15 in the die cavity are transferred to a cooling area, the ring die 12 is integrally turned over, so that the upper end face of the ring die 12 faces downwards. After air cooling to room temperature, the upper end face of the special-shaped ring 15 is evenly tapped along the circumference so as to be separated from the ring die 12.
The manufacturing method of the rocket tank special-shaped cross section transition ring of the embodiment adopts the back extrusion forming of the ring blank 7, and the ring blank 7 is subjected to large deformation in the axial direction; when in special rolling in a special rolling die in a die, after the prefabricated ring blank 11 is radially compressed, the ring part is free from diameter growth, the material only flows axially and the cavity is filled, and the ring blank 7 undergoes two times of axial large deformation in the manufacturing process, so that the axial mechanical property of the transition ring 15-1 is improved; in the embodiment, the ring mold 12 is adopted to assist the special-shaped ring 15 to form, compared with the ring mold 12 of alloy steel, the linear expansion coefficient of the prefabricated ring blank 11 of aluminum alloy is larger, interference is formed between the prefabricated ring blank 11 of aluminum alloy and the ring mold 12 when the prefabricated ring blank is heated before forming, the rigidity of the ring mold 12 is high, the forming stability is improved, rolling instability conditions such as twisting and ellipse of special-shaped rolling are avoided, meanwhile, due to the constraint of the ring mold 12, the special-shaped ring is free from diameter growth when in-mold special-shaped rolling, and the section filling and forming of the special-shaped ring are easier to control; in the aspect of temperature control, the ring mold 12 supplements and keeps the temperature of the special-shaped ring 15, so that the temperature field of the special-shaped ring 15 is uniform and stable, near isothermal forming is realized, microstructure evolution in the material forming process is controlled, and the comprehensive performance of the transition ring 15-1 is improved.
In the embodiment, cylindrical rollers are arranged on the upper and lower flanges of the main roller die 8-1, so that plane sliding friction can be converted into rolling friction, severe friction between the end face of the ring die 12 and the flange of the main roller die 8-1, which is caused by axial force easily applied to the ring die 12 in the special-shaped rolling process in the die, is avoided, and the die is protected.
In the embodiment, final deformation heat treatment is carried out on the special-shaped ring 15 by adopting the modes of integral quenching with a die, cold rolling with a die and aging with a die, and the special-shaped ring 15 has fewer quenching deformation and more accurate cold rolling correction due to the constraint effect of the ring die 12; after cold rolling of the belt die, a stress field is formed in the die, stress aging is carried out, nano-phase precipitation in subsequent artificial aging is promoted, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the special-shaped ring 15 is improved.
According to the manufacturing method of the transition ring with the special-shaped section of the rocket tank, the manufactured transition ring special-shaped ring forging is attached to the part outline of the transition ring 15-1, the material utilization rate of the special-shaped ring forging is high, the machining allowance is small, the production efficiency can be greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, the test ring 15-2 is reserved at the end part, the quality of a component can be checked while a final component is not damaged, and the product quality is guaranteed.
Example 2, a manufacturing apparatus for a rocket tank profiled section transition ring.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the manufacturing apparatus of the rocket tank special-shaped cross-section transition ring of the present embodiment is used to implement the manufacturing method of embodiment 1, and includes: a back extrusion die for forming the billet into a back extrusion 6, and an in-die profile rolling die for profile forming and reshaping the preform 11.
In the manufacturing apparatus of the rocket tank special-shaped cross-section transition ring of the embodiment, the back extrusion die includes: the extrusion head 5, the extrusion rod 1, the female die 3 and the centering disc 2, the extrusion rod 1 is connected with an upper working platform of the hydraulic press, the female die 3 is connected with a lower working platform of the hydraulic press, the female die 3 is provided with a die cavity for placing and forming blanks, the extrusion head 5 is arranged on the extrusion rod 1, the outer circle Zhou Sheyu of the centering disc 2 is arranged above the die cavity of the female die 3, and the extrusion rod 1 passes through a through hole on the centering disc 2 and then enters the die cavity of the female die 3.
The in-mold special-shaped rolling die comprises: the ring die 12, the main roll 8, the core roll die 10, the upper cone roll 13-1, the lower cone roll 13-2, the left holding roll 9-1, the right holding roll 9-2 and the tray 14, the main roll 8 is connected with the main shaft of the ring rolling mill, the core roll die 10 is connected with the core shaft of the ring rolling mill, the ring die 12 is arranged at the upper end of the tray 14 and is used for placing the prefabricated ring blank 11, the prefabricated ring blank 11 and the ring die 12 integrally extend into the U-shaped groove of the main roll 8, the outer circumference of the ring die 12 is tangent with the working surface of the main roll 8, the lower cone roll 13-2 is tangent with the lower end surface of the ring die 12, the midpoint of a bus of the lower cone roll 13-2 coincides with the middle diameter cylindrical surface of the ring die 12, the midpoint of the bus of the upper cone roll 13-1 coincides with the middle diameter cylindrical surface of the ring die 12, and the lower bus of the upper cone roll 13-1 is positioned above the upper end surface of the ring die 1mmThe rotation axes of the main roller 8, the core roller die 10, the upper cone roller 13-1 and the lower cone roller 13-2 are positioned in the same central axis, the left holding roller 9-1 and the right holding roller 9-2 are arranged symmetrically with the central axis center, and the left holding roller 9-1. The roll surface of the right holding roll 9-2 is tangential to the ring die 12 and centered, so that the rotation axis of the ring die 12 is positioned in the center axis surface.
The extrusion rod 1 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, when the extrusion head 5 is inserted into the extrusion rod 1, a circle of circular grooves are formed in positions of the extrusion head 5 corresponding to the threaded holes, and the connecting screw 4 with the front end being a smooth cylindrical surface and the rear end being a threaded column is screwed into the threaded hole of the extrusion rod 1 to enable the smooth cylindrical surface of the front end to be embedded into the circular grooves of the extrusion head 5, so that the extrusion head 5 is quickly connected with the extrusion rod 1.
In the embodiment, the inner surface of the female die 3 is provided with a die drawing taper of 1 degree; the round groove of the extrusion head 5 is a circle 20mmThe wide annular groove is quickly connected with 3 threaded holes of the extrusion rod 1 by adopting a connecting screw 4, the connecting screw 4 is a 5CrNiMo high-strength screw of M24, and the front end of the screw is a smooth cylindrical surface of 20 mm.
In this embodiment, the main roller includes a main roller die 8-1, a long cylindrical roller 8-3, a short cylindrical roller 8-2, a bottom hole chock 8-4, an upper chock 8-5, a lower chock 8-6, a baffle 8-7 and a cylindrical head screw 8-8, the main roller die 8-1 is of a closed structure with a flange, a plurality of circular grooves are arranged on the end surfaces of the upper flange and the lower flange, the outer end surfaces of the circular grooves are milled flat and symmetrically provided with threaded holes on two sides, the bottom hole chock 8-4, the long cylindrical roller 8-3 and the lower chock 8-6 are sequentially placed in the circular grooves of the lower flange, the bottom hole chock 8-4, the short cylindrical roller 8-2, the upper chock 8-5 and the short cylindrical roller 8-2 are sequentially placed in the circular grooves of the upper flange, the baffle 8-7 is placed on the outer end surface of the circular groove for axial positioning of the cylindrical roller, the baffle 8-7 is provided with 2 countersunk holes, the positions are matched with the threaded holes on two sides of the circular grooves, and the baffle 8-7 is fixed by adopting the cylindrical head screw 8-8.
Specifically, the upper and lower flanges of the main roller die 8-1 of the embodiment are respectively and uniformly provided with 25 and 40mmM16 threaded holes are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the round groove, and one 40 multiplied by 80 round groove is arranged in the round groove of the lower flangemmThe bottom hole chock 8-4 and the lower chock 8-6 are respectively positioned at two sides of the long cylindrical roller 8-3; wherein the bottom hole chock 8-4 is positioned at the bottom end of the circular groove, and the lower chock 8-6 is positioned at the outer side. A bottom hole plug 8-4 and an upper plug 8-5 are arranged in the round groove of the upper flange, and two blocks are 40 multiplied by 40mmShort cylindrical rollers 8-2; wherein the upper chock 8-5 is positioned in the middle of the short cylindrical roller, the bottom hole chock 8-4 is positioned at the bottom of the round groove of the upper flange, the baffle 8-7 fixes the roller and chock of the upper flange and the lower flange in the round groove, and the cylinder head screw 8-8 of the hexagonal cylinder head in the M16 is connected with the main roller die 8-1.
In the embodiment, the section of the ring mold 12 is in a step shape, and the step is used for positioning the prefabricated ring blank 11; the inner contour drawing taper of the ring die 12 is 1 degree, so that the subsequent special-shaped ring 15 is conveniently separated from the ring die 12.
The bottom hole chock 8-4, the lower chock 8-6 and the upper chock 8-5 are spherical surfaces on the surfaces in contact with the long cylindrical roller 8-3 or the short cylindrical roller 8-2, form point contact with the rotation axis of the roller, and can axially support and not influence the rotation of the roller; the long cylindrical roller 8-3 and the short cylindrical roller 8-2 are coated with grease before being mounted.
In the manufacturing device of the rocket tank special-shaped cross-section transition ring of the embodiment, the steps protruding 15mm from the upper side and the lower side of the forming outline of the core roller die 10 form flash bins by the hole patterns combined with the ring die 12 in the later forming period, and the thickness of the flash bridge part in the hole patterns is about 3mm, so that when the flash is extruded in the later forming period of the special-shaped ring 15, the flow pressure of materials to the flash bins is increased rapidly, and the cross section filling of the special-shaped ring 15 is promoted.
The manufacturing device of the rocket tank special-shaped cross section transition ring is applied to the manufacturing method of the rocket tank special-shaped cross section transition ring in embodiment 1, the manufactured transition ring special-shaped ring forging is attached to the part outline of the transition ring 15-1, the material utilization rate of the special-shaped ring forging is high, machining allowance is small, production efficiency can be greatly improved, production cost is reduced, a test ring 15-2 is reserved at the end part, quality inspection can be carried out on a component without damaging a final component, and product quality is guaranteed.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The manufacturing method of the transition ring with the special-shaped cross section of the rocket tank is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: and (3) back extrusion: heating the billet, the extrusion head (5) and the die (3) to a target temperature T 1 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 1 The blank in the female die (3) is manufactured into a reverse extrusion piece (6) through an extrusion head (5), and the reverse extrusion piece (6) is cut to obtain a ring blank (7);
s2: rectangular pre-rolling: preheating the ring blank (7) to a forming temperature T 2 And keep warm for a predetermined time H 2 Transferring to a ring rolling mill, rolling to a rectangular ring with a target outer diameter, and air-cooling to obtain a prefabricated ring blank (11);
s3: in-mold special rolling: assembling the preform (11) into the cavity of the ring mold (12), and then integrally heating the preform (11) and the ring mold (12) to a forming temperature T 3 Transferring the heat preservation to a ring rolling mill, feeding a core roller die (10) through rotation of a main roller (8), rolling by rotation of a lower conical roller (13-2) and an upper conical roller (13-1), and finishing the preset feeding amount s when the core roller die (10) 2 Then stopping rolling, and air-cooling the ring mold (12) and the shaped special-shaped ring (15) to room temperature;
s4: final deformation heat treatment: the special-shaped ring (15) and the ring mould (12) are assembled and then are integrally transferred into a quenching furnace to be heated to a solid solution temperature T 4 Preserving heat for a predetermined time H 3 After that, the special-shaped ring (15) and the ring die (12) are integrally cooled to room temperature and then moved to a ring rolling mill, and the core roller die (10) completes the preset feeding amount s through the rotation of the main roller (8) 3 And then stopping, integrally transferring the cold-rolled and corrected special-shaped ring (15) and the ring die (12) into an aging furnace, and heating to an aging temperature T 5 Aging for a predetermined time H 4 And then cooling the special-shaped ring (15) and the ring die (12) to room temperature.
2. A method of manufacturing a rocket tank profiled section transition ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11: adding the blank, the extrusion head (5) and the female die (3)Heating to 400-500 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 1 ；
S12: placing the blank into a female die (3), and then scattering sawdust ash into the female die (3) to burn the scattered sawdust ash, so that sticking of the back extrusion piece (6) and the female die (3) due to negative pressure is avoided;
s13: the extrusion head is fed to a predetermined value s 1 A reverse extrusion (6) is produced;
s14: the head and the bottom of the counter-extrusion (6) are removed and then axially divided into a plurality of annular blanks (7) of equal axial dimensions.
3. A method of manufacturing a rocket tank profiled section transition ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
preheating the ring blank (7) to 200-480 ℃ and preserving heat for a preset time H 2 And transferring to a ring rolling mill, rolling to a target outer diameter, air cooling, turning the outer circumference and the lower end face of the rectangular ring to enable the outer circumference profile and the lower end face to be consistent with the inner profile of the ring die (12), and turning the inner circumference of the rectangular ring to enable a part of the inner profile to be overlapped with the outer profile of the core roller die (10).
4. A method of manufacturing a rocket tank profiled section transition ring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S3 of the process described above,
the forming temperature T of the in-mold special-shaped rolling 3 The expansion coefficient of the material of the ring die (12) is smaller than that of the blank at 200-480 ℃.
5. A device for manufacturing a transition ring with a shaped section of a rocket tank, characterized in that it is intended to implement a manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: a back extrusion die for making a billet into a back extrusion (6), and an in-mold profile rolling die for profile rolling and reshaping a preform (11), the in-mold profile rolling die comprising: the annular roller comprises an annular roller (12), a main roller (8), a core roller die (10), an upper conical roller (13-1), a lower conical roller (13-2), a left holding roller (9-1), a right holding roller (9-2) and a tray (14), wherein the main roller (8) is connected with a main shaft of the annular roller, the core roller die (10) is connected with a mandrel of the annular roller, the annular roller (12) is arranged at the upper end of the tray (14) and is used for placing a prefabricated annular blank (11), the prefabricated annular blank (11) integrally extends into a U-shaped groove of the main roller (8) with the annular roller (12), the outer circumference of the annular roller (12) is tangent with the working surface of the main roller (8), the lower conical roller (13-2) is tangent with the lower end surface of the annular roller (12), the upper conical roller (13-1) is positioned above the upper end surface of the annular roller (12), the rotary axes of the main roller (8), the upper conical roller (13-1) and the lower conical roller (13-2) are positioned in the same axial plane as the rotary axes of the annular roller (9-1), and the left holding roller (9-2) are positioned in the axial plane and tangent with the right holding roller (9-2).
6. A rocket tank profiled cross-section transition ring manufacturing apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said back extrusion die comprises: extrusion head (5), extrusion pole (1), die (3) and centering dish (2), extrusion pole (5) are connected with hydraulic press upper working platform, die (3) are connected with hydraulic press lower working platform, die (3) are equipped with the die cavity that is used for placing and takes shape the blank, extrusion head (5) install in on extrusion pole (1), the excircle Zhou Sheyu of centering dish (2) the die cavity top of die (3), extrusion pole (1) follow after the through-hole on centering dish (2) passes gets into in the die cavity of die (3).
7. The manufacturing device of the rocket tank special-shaped cross-section transition ring according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of threaded holes are formed in the extrusion rod (1), when the extrusion head (5) is inserted into the extrusion rod (1), a circle of circular grooves are formed in positions of the extrusion head (5) corresponding to the threaded holes, and the connecting screw (7) with the front end being a smooth cylindrical surface and the rear end being a threaded column is screwed into the threaded holes of the extrusion rod (1) so that the smooth cylindrical surface at the front end is embedded into the circular grooves of the extrusion head (5), and the extrusion head (5) is quickly connected with the extrusion rod (1).
8. The manufacturing device of the rocket tank special-shaped cross-section transition ring according to claim 5, wherein the main roller (8) comprises a main roller die (8-1), a long cylindrical roller (8-3), a short cylindrical roller (8-2), a bottom hole chock (8-4), an upper chock (8-5), a lower chock (8-6), a baffle plate (8-7) and cylindrical head screws (8-8), the main roller (8) is of a closed structure with flanges, a plurality of circular grooves are formed in the end faces of the upper flanges and the lower flanges, threaded holes are symmetrically formed in the two sides of the outer end faces of the circular grooves, the bottom hole chock (8-4), the long cylindrical roller (8-3) and the lower chock (8-6) are sequentially placed in the circular grooves of the lower flanges, the bottom hole chock (8-4), the short cylindrical roller (8-2), the upper chock (8-5) and the short cylindrical roller (8-2) are sequentially placed in the circular grooves of the upper flanges, the circular grooves are placed outside the circular grooves (8-7) and are axially connected with the cylindrical heads (8-7), and the two sides of the cylindrical rollers are fixedly connected with the threaded holes (8-7).
9. A device for manufacturing a transition ring with a special-shaped section of a rocket tank according to claim 8, wherein the bottom hole chock (8-4), the lower chock (8-6) and the upper chock (8-5) are spherical at the surface contacted with the long cylindrical roller (8-3) or the short cylindrical roller (8-2), and the long cylindrical roller (8-3) and the short cylindrical roller (8-2) are coated with grease before being mounted.
10. The manufacturing device of the special-shaped cross-section transition ring of the rocket tank according to claim 5, wherein raised steps are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the forming outline of the core roller die (10), and a flash bin is formed by the hole pattern of the core roller die (10) and the ring die (12) in the later forming stage, so that when the flash is extruded in the later forming stage of the special-shaped ring (15), the flowing pressure of materials to the flash bin is increased rapidly, and the cross-section forming of the special-shaped ring (15) is promoted.
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| CN202211215157.7A CN115608891B (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Manufacturing method and device for transition ring with special-shaped section of rocket storage tank |
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