CN115594828B - 一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物及其制备方法和在光伏器件中的应用 - Google Patents
一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物及其制备方法和在光伏器件中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical group [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N (1e,4e)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 CYPYTURSJDMMMP-WVCUSYJESA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium diisopropylamide Chemical compound [Li+].CC(C)[N-]C(C)C ZCSHNCUQKCANBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
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- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IBXMKLPFLZYRQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one;palladium Chemical compound [Pd].[Pd].C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 IBXMKLPFLZYRQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical compound BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;fluoride Chemical compound F.C1=CC=NC=C1 GRJJQCWNZGRKAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C08G61/12—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/122—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides
- C08G61/123—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- C08G61/126—Macromolecular compounds containing atoms other than carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule derived from five- or six-membered heterocyclic compounds, other than imides derived from five-membered heterocyclic compounds with a five-membered ring containing one sulfur atom in the ring
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/22—Tin compounds
- C07F7/2208—Compounds having tin linked only to carbon, hydrogen and/or halogen
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,它以卤代环戊二噻吩为给电子单元,结构式如下:
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料及其器件技术领域,具体涉及一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物及其制备方法和在光伏器件中的应用。
背景技术
现今能源问题是世界各国经济发展的首要问题,太阳能是未来最具有希望的能源之一,是一种取之不尽、用之不竭的无污染清洁能源,将太阳能转化为电能是科学家一直追求的目标(Nat.Energy 2016,1,16089)。有机太阳能电池作为新型太阳能电池器件,具备柔性、质量轻、颜色可调、可溶液加工、大面积印刷制备等特点(Adv.Energy Mater.2016,6,1601325),是太阳能电池研究领域的热点。目前有机太阳能电池能量转化效率(PCE)已经突破18%(J.Mater.Chem.A 2021,9,5711),但由于其活性层合成较为复杂,成本较高,很难实现商业化,惠及民众。
活性层作为有机太阳能电池的核心部分,由受体材料和给体材料组成。近年来非富勒烯小分子迅速崛起,与之相匹配的聚合物给体材料设计空间得到极大的拓展,在现有的高性能聚合物给体材料中,D-A结构的共聚物能有效调控分子能级,被广泛用于构筑有机共轭材料。环戊二噻吩(CPDT)是将富电子的噻吩环稠合,以扩展平面骨架,提高分子间π-π相互作用。目前,基于环戊二噻吩(CPDT)及其衍生物制备的光伏材料,通常表现出较小短路电流(Jsc),从而导致其能量转化效率(PCE)不高,且普遍存在合成难度和成本较高等问题;进一步探索和优化噻吩基给电子单元并优化其制备工艺,具有重要的研究和应用意义。。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于针对现有技术存在的问题和不足,提供一种易于分子堆叠、合成难度较低、成本低廉且具有良好光伏特性的卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,通过对给电子单元的结构及其制备工艺进行优化,并将所得聚合物作为给体材料,应用于有机太阳能电池中,在降低成本的同时,仍能获得高的光电转换效率。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,它以卤代环戊二噻吩为给电子单元,结构式见式Ⅰ:
式中,X选自Cl或F,为缺电子单元。
上述方案中,所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物的分子量为1万~8万。
进一步地,所述给电子单元(D单元)的结构式见式II;
其中,X选自Cl或F。
进一步地,所述缺电子单元(A单元)具体包括如下结构式中的一种或几种:
其中,R1为C1~C20的烷基或烷基上一个碳原子被氧原子或硫原子取代;R2选自C1~C30的烷基链,Y选自F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、CN、酯基或烷基噻吩。
上述一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂加入有机溶剂中混合均匀,在100~120℃和保护气氛下,进行脱溴偶联反应,然后进行沉降、抽提,得所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物。
上述方案中,所述脱溴偶联反应温度为100~150℃,时间为12~96h。
上述方案中,所述给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:(0.03~0.15)。
上述方案中,所述给电子单元单体的结构式见式III、缺电子单元单体的结构式见式IV(以上述第二种缺电子单元结构为例);
式中,R1选自C1~C30的烷基链;Y选自F、Cl、CH3、OCH3、CN、酯基或烷基噻吩;X选自Cl或F。
上述方案中,所述催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯等;有机溶剂为甲苯或氯苯等。
上述方案中,所述保护气氛可选用氮气或氩气等气氛。
上述方案中,所述给电子单元单体的制备方法包括如下步骤:
首先,使用LDA(二异丙基氨基锂)将3-溴噻吩的2号位进行锂化,然后使用氯化铜进行偶联反应,得到化合物1;进一步使用二甲氨基甲酰氯进行环化反应,得到化合物2;将化合物2与乙二硫醇进行反应,保护羰基得到化合物3;通过与HF或HCl的吡啶溶与NBS的混合溶液一步反应,分别制备氯代环戊二噻吩单体(CPDTs-Cl)和氟代环戊二噻吩单体(CPDTs-F)。
上述方案中,所述偶联反应采用的温度为0~-78℃,时间为1~12h;环化反应采用的温度为-40~-78℃,时间为1~12h;乙二硫醇参与反应的温度为0~80℃,时间为5~24h;HF或HCl的吡啶溶与NBS的混合溶液参与反应的温度为0~80℃,时间为1~24h。
本发明还包括以含卤代环戊二噻吩的分子为给电子单元的聚合物作为活性层材料或传输层材料在光电器件中的应用。
具体地,上述聚合物材料可用于有机太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池、有机发光二极管、有机探测器等。
本发明从绿色、经济角度出发,针对现有聚合物给体(D)单元以及受体(A)单元制备过程较为复杂,合成难度较大,不适合大规模生产等问题,本发明所述环戊二噻吩(CPDT)具有原料来源广,价格便宜,结构简单易修饰,给电子能力强,等诸多优点,将其应用于有机太阳能电池的给/受体材料中,可将大大降低聚合物的合成成本,属于一种具有良好应用前景的光伏材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1)对价格低廉,合成容易的环戊二噻吩(CPDT)进行卤代改性,合成的卤代环戊二噻吩衍生物(CPDTs),F、Cl等原子的引入可调节环戊二噻吩(CPDT)的空间电子云分布,实现能级优化的同时有助于噻吩环上的取代,降低合成难度,提升化合物收率;此外,具有高电负性的卤素代表原子F/Cl,可进一步形成F……H或Cl……H非共价键相互作用,提高分子的刚性骨架,调节分子间π-π堆积,提高分子结晶性能,有利于电荷的传输;
2)本发明所述卤代环戊二噻吩(CPDTs)涉及的合成工艺较简单、成本较低,原料容易获得;将其应用于有机太阳能电池的给体聚合物材料中,可大大降低合成成本,是很有前途的有机光伏材料。
附图说明
图1为为本发明所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz和Y6的结构式;
图2为本发明所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz分别在邻二氯苯溶液(室温)和薄膜状态下的紫外-可见吸收光谱;
图3为本发明所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz的电化学循环伏安曲线,以0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵的无水乙腈溶液作为电解质溶液,扫描速率为0.1V/s;
图4为本发明所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz以及Y6的能级分布图;
图5为本发明所得聚合物给体和小分子受体Y6制备得到的CPDTs-Tz:Y6制备的有机太阳能电池的J-V曲线。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种以氟代环戊二噻吩为D单元和3,5-二(2-乙基己烷)噻吩取代均三聚氯嗪为A单元的聚合物,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)氟代环戊二噻吩给电子单元单体的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体制备步骤如下:
1)氮气氛围下,在0℃下,将LDA(60mmol,30mL)缓慢加入含3-溴噻吩(60mmol,9.78g)的四氢呋喃(80mL)溶液的两口烧瓶中,保持0℃下反应2h,移至-78℃下降温10min,加入(120mmol,16.13g)的无水氯化铜,反应2h后移至室温,搅拌过夜;反应完成后,加入去离子水淬灭反应,用二氯甲烷萃取,保留有机相,通过石油醚:二氯甲烷10:1过柱子。得到化合物1.1,产率80%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.44(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=3.6Hz,2H)
2)氮气氛围下,将化合物1.1(0.48g,1.5mmol)溶于100mL的两颈烧瓶中,在-78℃下逐滴加入n-BuLi(1.32mL,3.3mmol)反应1h后,缓慢滴加二甲氨基甲酰氯(0.19g,1.2mmol),继续在-78℃下反应1h;反应结束,加入去离子水淬灭反应,加入二氯甲烷萃取,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干有机相的到固体物质。用石油醚:二氯1:3过柱子,得到化合物1.2,产率30%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.57(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.45(d,J=3.6Hz,2H);
3)依次将化合物1.2(0.96g,5.0mmol)、AlCl3(2.0g,15.0mmol)、1,2-乙二硫醇(0.65mL,7.5mmol,ρ=1.12g mL-1)加入100mL的双颈瓶中,氮气保护下,向其注入15mLClCH2CH2Cl,常温下反应2h;反应结束后,向体系中加入蒸馏水猝灭反应,然后用二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥、脱溶,粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=1:2进行柱层析,得到化合物1.3,产率为76%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.50(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=3.6Hz,2H),2.81(s,4H);
4)在氮气保护下,将氢氟酸吡啶溶液(2.3mL,25mmol,ρ=1.1g mL-1)缓慢滴加到溶解有NBS(1.1g,6.25mmol)的20mL二氯甲烷溶液中,让其反应30min,随后再将溶有化合物1.3(0.67g,2.5mmol)的8mL二氯甲烷溶液加入,室温下反应5h;反应结束后,向体系中加入蒸馏水猝灭反应,二氯甲烷进行萃取,收集有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥、脱溶,粗产物用石油醚:二氯甲烷=8:1进行柱层析,得到化合物1.4,产率为72%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.86(s,2H);
5)氮气氛围下,将化合物1.4(0.37g,1mmol)溶于10mL的两颈烧瓶中,在-78℃下逐滴加入n-BuLi(1.87mL,4.5mmol)反应1h后,缓慢滴加三丁基氯化锡(4mL,4mmol,c=1.0molL-1),继续在-78℃下反应1h;反应结束,加入去离子水淬灭反应,加入二氯甲烷萃取,用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干有机相的到固体物质。用甲醇重结晶,得到化合物1.5,产率80%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.05(s,2H),0.27(s,18H);
(2)三嗪类缺电子单元单体的制备,其合成路线如下:
1)在氮气氛围下,将化合物3-烷基噻吩(25.24g,100mmol)和四氢呋喃(120mL)置于两颈烧瓶中,-78℃下,滴加正丁基锂(40mL,100mmol),搅拌1h后;缓慢加入液溴(16.85g,106mmol)。反应结束后,加入硫代硫酸钠的水溶液。用二氯甲烷萃取,饱和氯化钠洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋除溶剂,减压蒸馏,得到化合物2.1产率70%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):6.85(s,1H),6.78(s,1H),2.48(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),1.50(m,1H),1.27(m,8H),0.88(m,6H);
2)在氮气下,将化合物2.1(10.60g,32mmol)和干燥的THF(10mL)置于恒压滴液漏斗中,向含有镁屑(1.55g,64mmol)、碘(1~3粒)和四氢呋喃(15mL)的100mL三颈烧瓶中缓慢滴加,滴加完毕后,回流2h,获得化合物2.2;随后,将化合物2.2缓慢滴加到2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪(2.21g,12mmol)的四氢呋喃(50mL)的溶液中;滴加完后回流过夜,反应结束后,去离子水猝灭,二氯甲烷萃取,有机相用无水NaSO4干燥后,除去溶剂;用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,洗脱剂为石油醚/二氯甲烷(3:1),得到油状化合物2.3,产率45%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):8.04(s,2H),7.26(s,2H),2.60(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),1.61(m,2H),1.28(m,16H),0.89(m,12H);
3)将化合物2.3(0.61g,1mmol)溶于三氯甲烷,溶解后加入NBS(0.356g,2mmol),反应过夜;用去离子水猝灭,加入二氯甲烷进行萃取,无水NaSO4干燥后,除去溶剂,用硅胶柱色谱分离提纯,洗脱剂为石油醚/二氯甲烷(体积比为4:1),得到黄色油状液体2.4,产率85%;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3),δ(ppm):7.87(s,2H),2.55(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),1.67(m,2H),1.31(m,16H),0.90(m,12H);
(3)卤代环戊二噻吩合物的制备,其合成路线如下:
具体制备步骤如下:在氮气保护下,依次加入化合物2.4(0.1542g,0.2mmol)和化合物1.5(0.1084g,0.2mmol),催化剂Pd(PPh3)4(0.0138g,0.012mmol)和5mL无水甲苯,100℃反应48h;粗产物用甲醇沉降,随后依次用丙酮、正己烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷进行抽提;旋蒸三氯甲烷,加入甲醇沉降,抽滤得最终聚合物产物CPDTs-Tz(产率80%)。
将本实施例所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz分别进行光学性能和电化学性能等测试,结果分别见下图2和图3。
由图2所示,在浓度为10-2mg/mL的邻二氯苯溶液中,所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz的吸收峰位于533nm,归结于化合物中主体结构的电子跃迁引起的,吸收峰位于567nm是明显的肩峰,表明在溶液状态下仍表现出良好的分子间π-π堆叠作用,这是由于卤素原子易于与H原子形成X-H非共价键相互作用;将所得CPDTs-Tz溶解于氯仿中,配制浓度为0.1g/mL的溶液,再通过旋转蒸发镀膜得到厚度为80~160nm的薄膜,在薄膜状态下,聚合物CPDTs-Tz没有表现出明显的红移,表明不管在溶液还是薄膜状态下,分子的堆叠形态无明显改变,这将有利于获得高的载流子迁移率。聚合物CPDTs-Tz薄膜边缘吸收为673nm,与受体Y6分子形成互补的吸收光谱,有利于更提高光子利用率,且根据公式Eg=1240/λ计算可得,带隙Eg为1.84eV,。
利用电化学循环伏安法测试聚合物CPDTs-Tz的氧化还原过程,得到相对于二茂铁的起始氧化还原电位,进而可以估算出对应材料的前线轨道能级(HUMO能级和LUMO能级):采用三电极体系,将合成的聚合物CPDTs-Tz溶解在氯仿中,配成浓度为10mg/mL的溶液滴玻碳电极上制备成薄膜,然后将其置于含0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵的乙腈电解质溶液中进行测试,测试整个过程需要氮气保护,扫描速率为0.1V/s,结果见图3。从图3中可知:聚合物CPDTs-Tz只在阳极具有不可逆的氧化还原过程,对应的起始氧化电位为0.69eV。根据公式HOMO=-(EOx,onset+4.8)eV,我们可以计算出聚合物CPDTs-Tz的HOMO能级为-5.49eV,CPDTs-Tz聚合物与受体Y6分子的HOMO能级相差不大,使的两种材料之间的能量偏移较小,进而使得有机太阳能电池的电压损(Vloss)失较小;LUMO能级根据材料的光学带隙和HUMO获得为-3.65eV(LUMO=HUMO+Eg)。
由图4可以看出,聚合物CPDTs-Tz和Y6之间有良好的能级匹配,同时,该聚合物在410-630nm范围内展现较高的吸光系数,与受体Y6分子形成良好的互补吸收,有利于捕获更多的光子,进而提高器件的短路电流。将本发明所得聚合物CPDTs-Tz作为给体材料应用于有机太阳能电池,可获得较高的光电转换效率,是良好的有机光伏材料。
以ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CPDTs-Tz:Y6/PDINN/Ag的常规装置构造来制造太阳能电池,将聚乙撑二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDOT:PSS重量比为1:1),以4000r/min的速度旋涂至ITO基板上30s,然后150℃干燥15分钟。将供体:受体混合物(重量比为1:1.05)溶解在氯仿中(所有混合物的混合物溶液总浓度为10-20mg mL-1,选择DIO作为体积比为0.25%的添加剂),并在室温下搅拌过夜。将共混溶液以1800r/min旋涂30s。涂覆后,将活性层在100℃的加热板上退火3分钟。在活性层上涂覆PDINN层,然后在活性层上真空蒸镀厚度50-200nm左右的金属银作为光伏器件的阴极。根据所得J-V曲线(图5),我们可以测得,器件的短路电流Jsc为21.028mA cm-2,开路电压Voc为0.877V,填充因子FF为71.27%,能量转化效率PCE为13.15%,相较于目前的环戊二噻吩类聚合物给体材料,能量转化效率得到明显的提高(J.Mater.Chem.C,2018,6,500-511;Polymer 137(2018)303-311)。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,其特征在于,它以卤代环戊二噻吩为给电子单元,结构式见式I:
式中,X选自Cl或F;为缺电子单元;
所述缺电子单元为:
其中R1为C1~C20的烷基;Y为Cl。
2.根据权利要求1所述的卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,其特征在于,所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物的分子量为1万~8万。
3.权利要求1所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂加入有机溶剂中混合均匀,在保护气氛下,进行脱溴偶联反应,然后进行沉降、抽提,得所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述脱溴偶联反应温度为100~120℃,时间为12~96h。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述给电子单元单体、缺电子单元单体和催化剂的摩尔比为1:1:(0.03~0.15)。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂为四(三苯基膦)钯或三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯;有机溶剂为甲苯或氯苯。
7.一种以权利要求1或2所述卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料,或权利要求3~6任一项所述制备方法制备的卤代环戊二噻吩聚合物材料为给电子单元的聚合物作为活性层材料或传输层材料在光电器件中的应用。
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