CN115582504A - Double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting forging die, device and method - Google Patents
Double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting forging die, device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115582504A CN115582504A CN202211267272.9A CN202211267272A CN115582504A CN 115582504 A CN115582504 A CN 115582504A CN 202211267272 A CN202211267272 A CN 202211267272A CN 115582504 A CN115582504 A CN 115582504A
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
- B21J13/025—Dies with parts moving along auxiliary lateral directions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B7/00—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members
- B30B7/04—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members wherein pressing is effected in different directions simultaneously or in turn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
- B21J9/06—Swaging presses; Upsetting presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/14—Making machine elements fittings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/40—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by wedge means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a die, a device and a method for forging a double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, which comprise an upper template and a lower template; the lower die is mounted on the lower die plate, male die assemblies capable of horizontally sliding are arranged on two sides of the lower die plate, the male die assemblies on two sides of the lower die plate are arranged oppositely, a connecting rod is vertically fixed on the upper die plate, a connecting block capable of vertically sliding is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod, a middle wedge-shaped block is arranged between the bottom surface of the upper die plate and the connecting block, the connecting block is in inclined surface contact with the middle wedge-shaped block, so that vertical movement of the connecting block can be converted into horizontal movement of the middle wedge-shaped block, a moving ring is elastically connected to the lower portion of the upper die plate, a side wedge-shaped block is fixed on the moving ring, and the side wedge-shaped block, the middle wedge-shaped block and the male die assemblies are attached through inclined surfaces, so that vertical movement of the side wedge-shaped block can be converted into horizontal movement of the male die assemblies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a die, a device and a method for forging a double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting has wide application in industrial production, for example, the lower connecting piece of the aluminum alloy bracket arm for the suspension frame of the high-speed magnetic suspension vehicle is a key part for connecting each bracket arm piece of the magnetic suspension vehicle, the part has the structural characteristic of a special-shaped hollow thin-wall bidirectional bell mouth shape, the wall thickness of the part is smaller, two ends of the part are not only in the bell mouth shape, but also are provided with flanges, the shape is very complex, and the forging production is very difficult.
In the aspects of forging process and die design, if a solid structural part is adopted for forging, the whole hollow structure needs to be hollowed out by machining after forging, the machining amount and the machining difficulty are high, the material waste is serious, and the process innovation is lacked; if the process that the tube blank is vertically placed and two bidirectional bell mouths are formed by pressing down through the press, the tube blank needs to be pressed in the left and right directions of the side surface, so that the two-way movement must be realized from the structure of the die, more importantly, when the two bell mouths are formed up and down, the deformation rules of materials are considered, the male dies for upper and lower chambering move in opposite directions at the same speed, the shapes of the two bell mouths with the consistent deformation rules can be obtained, a floating female die needs to be designed on the structure of the die, and the complex structure of the die is caused, and the floating speed of the female die is difficult to accurately control. If the tube blank is horizontally placed, the tube blank is restrained all around when the press presses down, two bell mouths are flared and formed simultaneously through the opposite movement of the left extrusion male die and the right extrusion male die, so that the horizontal two-way movement of the reaming male die is realized from the die structure, and the shapes of the two bell mouths with the same deformation rule are obtained. Therefore, how to realize the horizontal opposite movement of the reaming male dies through the structural design of the die, and the difficulty in easily putting the tube blank into the die and facilitating the taking out of the formed piece after the forming is finished is the structural design of the die.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a forging die for a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, which realizes the horizontal opposite movement of reaming convex dies, enables the reaming forming of a horizontally placed pipe blank to be possible, and is easy to place the pipe blank into the die and convenient to take out the formed part.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a forging die for a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, which comprises an upper template and a lower template; a lower die plate is provided with a lower female die, male die components capable of sliding horizontally are arranged on two sides of the lower female die, and the male die components on two sides of the lower female die are arranged oppositely; a connecting rod is vertically fixed on the upper template, a connecting block capable of vertically sliding is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod, a middle wedge-shaped block is arranged between the bottom surface of the upper template and the connecting block, and the connecting block is in contact with the middle wedge-shaped block through an inclined plane, so that the vertical motion of the connecting block can be converted into the horizontal motion of the middle wedge-shaped block; the movable coil is elastically connected to the lower portion of the upper template and is fixed with the side wedge-shaped block, and the side wedge-shaped block is attached to the middle wedge-shaped block and the male die assembly through the inclined planes, so that vertical movement of the side wedge-shaped block can be converted into horizontal movement of the male die assembly.
Optionally, the male die assemblies each include a side slider, the side sliders are slidably connected with the lower die plate, the opposite end portions of the two side sliders are connected with the male die, and the side sliders are slidably connected with the side wedges and can horizontally move left and right along with the up-and-down movement of the side wedges.
Optionally, the male die includes a connecting portion, an expanding portion and a supporting portion, which are sequentially arranged, the connecting portion is fixed to the punch, the expanding portion is matched with the bell mouth of the special-shaped pipe fitting, and the supporting portion is matched with the pipe blank in shape and used for extending into the pipe blank to support the inner pipe surface of the pipe blank.
Optionally, the connecting rod top is fixed with the cope match-plate pattern, and the connecting block center is equipped with the shoulder hole, and it is fixed with the connecting block bottom surface that the last die passes through fixed backing plate, and fixed backing plate carries out the shutoff to shoulder hole bottom, and the connecting rod stretch into in the shoulder hole and with connecting block sliding connection, the connecting rod bottom is equipped with the limit baffle who is located the great part of shoulder hole cross-sectional area.
Optionally, a pull rod is vertically fixed on the upper die plate, the pull rod penetrates through the moving coil, the bottom end of the pull rod extends into a spring groove formed in the bottom surface of the moving coil, a spring fixing plate is arranged at the bottom end of the pull rod, the spring fixing plate is fixed to one end of a spring, and the other end of the spring is fixed to the bottom groove surface of the spring groove.
Optionally, the upper template is further provided with a guide column, and the guide column penetrates through the moving coil.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a forging apparatus for a dual-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, including a press and the forging die for a dual-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting of the first aspect, wherein the upper template is connected with a vertical moving portion of the press through a connecting rod, and the lower template is fixed on a workbench of the press.
In a third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for forging a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, wherein a pre-processed pipe blank is placed on a lower female die, a press machine drives an upper template to move until the upper female die is contacted with the pipe blank, the upper female die and the lower female die are closed to press the pipe blank, meanwhile, under the action of a connecting block, a middle wedge block horizontally moves towards side wedge blocks, the side wedge blocks drive two male die assemblies to move oppositely, the two male die assemblies extrude, expand and form flange parts of the pipe blank, and finally the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting is obtained.
Optionally, the inner edge of the end of the tube blank is rounded, and correspondingly, the outer edge of the end of the male die assembly is rounded.
Optionally, the tube blank is obtained by performing reverse hot extrusion forming on an aluminum alloy blank, the shape of the tube blank is matched with that of the double-bell-mouth opposite-shaped pipe fitting, and edges of the outer surface and the inner surface are both provided with fillets.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the forging die, the middle wedge-shaped block, the connecting block and the side wedge-shaped blocks are arranged, so that the vertical motion of the upper die plate can be converted into the opposite horizontal linear motion of the two male die assemblies, further, the tube blank can be horizontally placed for forging, the defects of large machining amount and machining difficulty and material waste in solid forging are overcome, the defect that a floating female die needs to be arranged in vertical forging of the tube blank is overcome, the tube blank can be placed in or taken out after the upper female die and the lower female die are separated, discharging and taking are facilitated, the structural design difficulty of the die for synchronously reaming two horizontally placed ends of the tube blank is solved, the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped tube can be forged and formed, and the performance and the production efficiency of the product are improved.
2. The forging die comprises a male die and a lower female die, wherein the shape of the male die is matched with the shape of an inner hole of a tube blank, the male die is used for extending into the tube blank before forging to support the inner surface of the tube blank, then the upper female die and the lower female die are matched to tightly press the outer surface of the tube blank, and then the male die starts to move in the opposite direction so as to prevent the middle part of the tube blank from unstably deforming in the reaming process, particularly in the process of forming an end flange.
3. According to the forging die, the outer edge of the end part of the male die is rounded, so that the male die can conveniently and smoothly extend into a tube blank, correspondingly, the inner edge of the end part of the tube blank is rounded, the metal inflow at the inner side edge of the original blank is inhibited, and the local folding phenomenon is prevented.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a forging shape of a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe forging;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a double-bellmouth aluminum alloy profile pipe forging;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a forging die in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a male mold in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the invention taken along line A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the fitting of the male die, the upper female die, the lower female die and the pipe blank in the die-closing state before forging in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an isometric view of the shape of a tube blank in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a sectional shape of a tube blank in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a forming process of a forging piece according to an embodiment of the invention.
The forging die comprises a lower die plate 1, a guide post 2, a side wedge-shaped block 3, a moving ring 4, an upper die plate 5, a middle wedge-shaped block 6, a connecting rod 7, a connecting block 8, a fixing plate 9, an upper female die 10, a pull rod 11, a spring 12, a side sliding block 13, a fixed backing plate 14, a lower female die 15, a male die 16, a male die connecting part 16-1, a male die expanding part 16-2, a male die supporting part 16-3, a male die fixing block 17, a pipe blank 18 and a forging piece 19.
Detailed Description
For convenience of description, the words "up" and "down" when used in this specification shall refer to directions consistent with the up and down directions of the drawings themselves, and not to structural limitations, but merely to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and shall not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore shall not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting forging mould for forge two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fittings, two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting forging structure as shown in fig. 1-3, its shape is two open-ended "two loudspeaker" shape cavity spare, and the appearance and the hole in its cross-section are the quadrangle of bight fillet. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the forging. FIG. 3 is a side view of the forging.
The two end faces of the forging are provided with flanges, the middle straight wall is provided with a horn mouth shape, and the space between the flange faces at the two ends and the middle section of the straight wall is the horn mouth shape. If solid blanks are adopted for forging, the whole hollow structure needs to be hollowed by machining after forging, the processing amount and the processing difficulty are high, the material waste is serious, and the process innovation is lacked. The best process is that the tube blank is used for reaming and forming the two ends, and the flange at the end part is locally upset and formed at the later stage of reaming, so that a forged piece with the shape close to that of a part can be directly forged, the machining amount can be obviously reduced, and the method is a reasonable forming process design scheme.
As shown in fig. 4 to 7, according to this process scheme, the forging die of the present embodiment includes an upper die plate 5 and a lower die plate 1 disposed up and down.
A fixed backing plate 14 is fixed at the center of the lower template 1, and a lower concave die 15 matched with the shape of the tube blank is fixed on the upper surface of the fixed backing plate 14.
The two sides of the lower female die 15 are both provided with male die components, the male die components on the two sides of the lower female die 15 are arranged oppositely and are in sliding connection with the lower die plate 1, and the two male die components can move linearly towards or away from each other.
Specifically, the male die assembly comprises side sliding blocks 13, the side sliding blocks 13 are slidably connected with the lower die plate 1 through guide grooves arranged on the lower die plate 1, and male dies 16 are arranged at opposite ends of the two side sliding blocks 13.
Specifically, the side sliding block 13 is provided with a male die 16, the surface of the male die 16 is provided with a T-shaped or dovetail-shaped fixing groove, the end part of the corresponding male die 16 for connecting the side sliding block is provided with a T-shaped or dovetail-shaped groove, and the fixing block 17 is embedded into the fixing groove to realize the connection between the male die 16 and the side sliding block 13. With this arrangement, the male die 16 can be replaced easily.
The male die 16 comprises a connecting portion 16-1, a hole expanding portion 16-2 and a supporting portion 16-3 which are sequentially arranged, the connecting portion 16-1 is fixedly connected with the side sliding block 13 through a fixing block 17, the hole expanding portion 16-2 is matched with the bell mouth shape of the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting to be formed, and the supporting portion 16-3 is matched with the inner hole shape of the pipe blank and can extend into the pipe blank and almost contact with the inner surface of the pipe blank to support the pipe blank.
The outer edge of the outer side end of the supporting part 16-3 is rounded, and the section contour dimension of the supporting part 16-3 is slightly smaller than the inner surface contour dimension of the tube blank, so that the supporting part 16-3 can smoothly extend into an inner hole of the tube blank, correspondingly, the inner edge of the end part of the tube blank is also rounded, the outer side surface of the hole expanding part 16-2 of the male die is firstly contacted with the inner metal of the tube blank, the inner wall of the tube blank is expanded under the pressure action of the hole expanding part 16-2 and does not flow into the tube blank along with the transverse movement of the male die 16, and the problem of local folding is effectively solved.
The central part of the upper template 5 is penetrated by a connecting rod 7, and the connecting rod 7 is vertically and fixedly connected with the upper template 5.
The bottom of connecting rod 7 is provided with connecting block 8, and connecting block 8 adopts the turriform structure, and the area on its top is less than the area of bottom, and 8 sides of connecting block have the inclined plane that is the acute angle setting rather than the axis, make connecting block 8 form the turriform structure.
The center of the connecting block 8 is also provided with a stepped hole penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the connecting block, the stepped hole comprises a first hole part with a smaller diameter and a second hole part with a larger diameter, the top end of the first hole part extends to the top surface of the connecting block, and the second hole part extends to the bottom surface of the connecting block.
Connecting rod 7 stretches into connecting block 8 through first hole portion, and in its bottom stretched into the second hole portion, connecting rod 7 and 8 sliding connection of connecting block made connecting rod and connecting block can produce the relative motion along connecting rod axis direction, and the bottom of connecting rod 7 is equipped with the spacing head that is located the second hole portion, and the diameter of spacing head is greater than the diameter of first hole portion for the distance of restriction connecting rod 7 and 8 relative motion of connecting block.
The central point of 8 bottoms surfaces of connecting block puts and is provided with fixed backing plate 9, and fixed backing plate 9 carries out the shutoff to the bottom of shoulder hole, and the lower fixed surface of fixed backing plate 9 has the last die 10 with pipe shape assorted, goes up die 10 and the cooperation of lower die 15, can contact with the lateral surface of pipe, can compress tightly fixedly the pipe after the closure.
The two sides of the connecting rod 7 are provided with middle wedge-shaped blocks 6, and the top surfaces of the middle wedge-shaped blocks 6 are in sliding connection with the bottom surface of the upper template.
Specifically, the upper surface of the middle wedge block 6 is provided with a dovetail block, correspondingly, the bottom surface of the upper template 5 is provided with a dovetail groove, the dovetail block is embedded into the dovetail groove, the sliding connection between the middle wedge block 6 and the bottom surface of the upper template 5 is realized, and the two middle wedge blocks 6 can do opposite or far-away linear motion.
The bottom surface of middle wedge 6 comprises two parts inclined plane, wherein the definition is close to connecting rod 7 be first inclined plane, keep away from the connecting rod be the second inclined plane, wherein the laminating of the inclined plane in first inclined plane and the 8 sides of connecting block, lower die 15 and last die 10 are closed to make connecting block 8 can't continue along vertical downstream, cope match-plate pattern 5 continues the downstream, under the effect on first inclined plane and the 8 inclined plane of connecting block, middle wedge 6 can slide to the outside, two middle wedges 6 do the motion of keeping away from each other promptly.
The second inclined plane of middle wedge 6 and the laminating of the third inclined plane of side wedge 3, wherein the top surface of side wedge 3 is the third inclined plane, and side wedge 3 sets up in cope match-plate pattern 5's below and with cope match-plate pattern 5 elastic connection.
Specifically, the below of cope match-plate pattern 5 is provided with annular movable coil 4, movable coil 4 sets up with connecting rod 7 is coaxial, threaded connection has a plurality of pull rods 11 on the cope match-plate pattern 5, pull rod 11 bottom is passed movable coil 4 and is stretched into the spring pocket that movable coil 4 bottom surface was seted up, pull rod 11 and movable coil 4 sliding connection, movable coil 4 can produce the linear motion along pull rod 11 axis direction, the bottom of pull rod 11 is provided with the spring fixed plate, the spring fixed plate is fixed with the one end of spring 12, the other end of spring 12 and the bottom groove face contact in spring pocket.
Two side wedge blocks 3 are fixed on the inner ring surface of the moving coil 4, and the two side wedge blocks 3 correspond to the two middle wedge blocks 6 respectively.
The top surface of side wedge 3 is the third inclined plane, and the laminating of second inclined plane of third inclined plane and middle wedge 6 that corresponds when middle wedge 6 is the rectilinear motion to the outside, can be under the effect of third inclined plane and second inclined plane, make side wedge 3 do the downstream.
The bottom surface of the side wedge block 3 is a fourth inclined surface, and the inclined direction of the fourth inclined surface is opposite to that of the third inclined surface, namely the distance between one end close to the connecting rod 7 and the upper template 5 is smaller than that between the other end and the upper template 5.
In order to guide the relative movement between the moving coil 4 and the upper template 5, a plurality of guide posts 2 are fixedly arranged on the upper template 5, the guide posts 2 are arranged perpendicular to the upper template 5, and the guide posts 2 penetrate through the moving coil 4 and are connected with the moving coil 4 in a sliding manner.
In the embodiment, through the structure, the size and the action design, the closing stroke of the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15 and the stroke of the two male dies 16 moving towards the tube blank at the same time are reasonably matched, when the supporting parts 16-3 of the two male dies 16 completely enter the tube blank but the hole expanding parts do not enter the tube blank, the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15 are completely closed, the supporting parts 16-3 can support the tube blank at the moment, and then hole expanding forming is carried out, the stroke matching is used for preventing the tube blank from deforming caused by closing the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15 before the supporting parts 16-3 do not play a supporting role, and preventing the tube blank from deforming caused by hole expanding and extruding forming of the two male dies 16 before the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15 are closed.
When the supporting part 16-3 of the male die 16 completely enters the tube blank, and the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15 are completely closed, the supporting part 16-3 of the male die 16 supports the tube blank, and the closed upper female die 10 and the closed lower female die 15 tightly hold the tube blank, so that the tube blank is firmly fixed between the upper female die 10 and the lower female die 15, and the supporting part in the tube blank plays most of supporting roles, so that the tube blank is firmly positioned before reaming and flange forming.
Adopt the forging mould of this embodiment, when vertical motion is to cope match-plate pattern 5, can pass through connecting block 8, middle wedge 6 and the transmission of side wedge 3, turn into the horizontal linear motion of side slider 13, thereby realize the horizontal opposite motion of two terrace dies 16, and then the reaming and the flange position of two tip to the pipe blank are forged and are taken shape when realizing the pipe blank level and setting up, and then make to place the pipe blank level and forge and become probably, the defect that the vertical setting of pipe blank need set up the die that floats has been avoided, and can put into the pipe blank or take out the finished product after separating last die 10 and lower die 15, make things convenient for the blowing and get the piece, the mould structural design difficulty that the synchronous reaming in both ends was placed to the pipe blank level has been solved, make two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fittings can forge and take shape, the performance and the production efficiency of product have been improved.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a forging device of two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fittings, including press and embodiment 1 the forging mould of two horn mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fittings, wherein, the cope match-plate pattern passes through the connecting rod to be connected with the vertical motion part of press, and the workstation at the press is fixed to the lower bolster, and the press adopts existing equipment, and other structures are not described here in detail.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for forging a double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting in the embodiment 2, which is used for forging and forming a component with the characteristics of the double-horn-mouth special-shaped pipe fitting, such as an aluminum alloy bracket lower connecting piece for a suspension rack of a high-speed magnetic levitation train.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the material of the special-shaped pipe forging 19 to be processed and prepared is 6082-T6 aluminum alloy, the total length is 584mm, the wall thickness is 6mm, the special-shaped pipe forging is a hollow member in the shape of a double-horn with a two-way opening, the middle section length is 300mm, the cross section is an asymmetric quadrilateral shape, the width is 150mm, and the length is about 195mm. The flare length is 142mm, there is the flange that width is about 30mm, thickness 14mm at the flare tip, and the maximum width of flare is 305mm.
In this embodiment, according to the part drawing and the forging drawing design principle of special-shaped pipe fitting, through setting up technology dressing, machining allowance and fillet radius, draw cold forging drawing at first on the basis of part drawing. Then, a hot forging drawing is designed after considering the shrinkage rate of the aluminum alloy on the basis of the cold forging drawing, and the shrinkage rate in the embodiment is 0.9% in consideration of the shrinkage rate of the general aluminum alloy being 0.8% -1.0%. A hot forging drawing of the tube profile is thus obtained (fig. 1 to 3).
In order to ensure the smooth forming of the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special pipe fitting, a pipe blank 18 with the shape shown in figures 8 and 9 is adopted for forming, the length of the pipe blank 18 is 670mm, and the cross section of the pipe blank is quadrilateral with the shape and the inner hole both of which are provided with corner portions with round corners.
In the embodiment, the inner hole and the shape of the section of the tube blank are quadrilateral, four edges of the shape and four corners of the inner hole are all rounded, the design of the section shape follows the principle corresponding to the volume distribution of a forged piece, namely, the volume distribution of the tube blank is matched with the volume distribution of the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped tube fitting as much as possible, so that the special-shaped tube fitting only has local material flow during forging forming, the die cavity is smoothly filled with the tube blank, the forming load is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
The volume distribution of the tube blank shape is matched with the volume distribution of the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting, so that the special-shaped pipe fitting only has local material deformation and flow during forging forming, the die cavity is fully filled, the flange parts at two ends of the pipe fitting are fully formed, meanwhile, a certain gap is reserved between the two male dies when the forging is finished, redundant metal is contained, a small inner flash is formed, the forming load can be fully reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.
The tube blank 18 can be obtained by perforating an aluminum alloy bar and then performing a backward extrusion process, and the tube blank is generally not suitable for being formed by a forward extrusion profile mode of a split-flow die because: although the tube blank with the section is easily obtained by the sectional material shunting extrusion process and the production efficiency is high, the shunting extrusion sectional material has shunting welding surfaces, the welding surfaces are often positioned at the round corner part of the inner hole of the tube blank, and the aluminum alloy special-shaped tube fitting with the double horn mouths deforms most severely at the reaming and forming stage of the forging and forming of the aluminum alloy special-shaped tube fitting and is a maximum tensile stress area, so that the cracking phenomenon is easily generated.
In this embodiment, the material of the tube blank 18 is 6082-T6 aluminum alloy.
In order to ensure that all parts of the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting are smoothly formed, the volume distribution and the sectional area design of the pipe blank are one of keys, the sectional area shape of the pipe blank is designed according to the sectional area shape of a straight pipe part close to the middle of the special-shaped pipe fitting, the length of the pipe blank is calculated according to the volume of a straight wall part in the middle of the special-shaped pipe fitting and the volumes of bell mouths and flanges at two ends, the volume of the pipe blank is slightly larger than the volume of the special-shaped pipe fitting, a small inner flash is formed in the middle of the pipe fitting for metal, and small flashes are formed at the outer edges of flanges at two ends, so that the flash not only plays a role of accommodating redundant metal, but also can play a role of flow stopping of the flashes, and the metal material is enabled to completely fill a die cavity. The shape, size, cross-sectional thickness and cross-sectional shape of the tube blank 18 adopted in the embodiment meet the requirement of metal volume distribution of the reaming, the material flow law can be effectively controlled, and the good forming of the reaming part is ensured.
In the embodiment, in order to place the tube blank into the die and take out the forged special-shaped tube, the maximum distance between the two male dies is greater than 670mm.
The forging processing method of the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 10, a heated tube blank 18 is placed at the die position of a lower female die 15, in this embodiment, the tube blank 18 is heated to 440-460 ℃, preferably 450 ℃, under the action of a press, an upper die plate 5 moves downwards, and then a connecting block 8 is driven to move downwards through a connecting rod 7, in this process, side wedge blocks 3 also move downwards, as the side wedge blocks 3 and the side slide blocks 13 are connected in a contact manner through T-shaped guide rails on inclined surfaces, two side slide blocks 13 generate opposite linear motion, a supporting part 16-3 of a male die 16 extends into the tube blank 18, when the upper female die 10 moves to close with the lower female die 15, the supporting part 16-3 of the male die 16 completely enters into the tube blank 18, as the connecting rod 7 is in sliding connection with the connecting block 8, the upper die plate 5 continues to move downwards, as the connecting block 8 is attached to the middle wedge block 6 through an inclined surface, the downward motion of the upper die plate 5 is converted into an outward horizontal motion of the middle wedge block 6 along the upper die plate 5, as the middle wedge block 6 is in contact with the side wedge blocks 3 through the inclined surface, and as the middle wedge blocks 6 are attached to the lower die block 3 through the inclined surface, the side wedge blocks 3, the inclined surface, the side wedge blocks 13 and the upper die cavity 16 gradually drives the upper die to generate a broaching component force of the lower die cavity forming part 16, and the lower die 16, and finally generate a metal forging piece forming part 16, and a flange forming component, and a flange forming part 16.
The closing stroke of the upper and lower dies and the stroke of the punch moving towards the pipe blank 18 at the same time are reasonably matched, namely when the supporting part of the punch almost completely enters the pipe blank but the hole expanding forming is not carried out, the upper and lower dies are completely closed. The tube blank is prevented from being unstabilized in the middle portion and from being severely deformed inside during the broaching process, particularly when the end flanges are formed.
After the forming process is finished, the vertical driving part of the press returns, the upper die plate and the middle wedge-shaped block ascend simultaneously, the upper female die 10 and the moving coil 4 ascend along with the connecting rod 7 and the pull rod 11, the two male dies 16 reset along with the side sliding blocks 13, and the formed forged piece 19 is taken out immediately, so that the whole forming process cycle is finished.
In this embodiment, the feed speed of the vertical driving part of the press is controlled so that the linear movement speed of the side slide is controlled to be 0.8-1.2mm/s, preferably 1mm/s.
In this embodiment, the extrusion process is shown in fig. 9, and it can be seen that the forming process is: firstly, placing a tube blank 18 in place, enabling a male die 16 to idle for a certain distance, starting extrusion hole expansion forming after an expanding part 16-2 of the male die 16 contacts the tube blank 18, and continuously forming a flange part after the hole expansion forming; after the whole forming process is finished, the left male die, the right male die, the upper female die and the lower female die are opened, and then the extrusion part can be taken out.
By adopting the forging method of the embodiment, the aluminum alloy double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting with the shape and the size meeting the requirements can be obtained.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive changes in the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting forging die is characterized by comprising an upper die plate and a lower die plate; lower matrix of installation on the lower bolster, lower matrix both sides are equipped with can horizontal gliding terrace die subassembly, the terrace die subassembly of lower matrix both sides sets up relatively, the cope match-plate pattern vertical fixation has the connecting rod, the connecting rod lower extreme is equipped with can vertical gliding connecting block, be provided with middle wedge between cope match-plate pattern bottom surface and the connecting block, the connecting block passes through the inclined plane contact with middle wedge, so that the vertical motion of connecting block can turn into the horizontal motion of middle wedge, cope match-plate pattern below elastic connection has the movable coil, the movable coil is fixed with side wedge, side wedge passes through the inclined plane laminating with middle wedge and terrace die subassembly so that the vertical motion of side wedge can turn into terrace die subassembly's horizontal motion.
2. The forging die for the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male die assemblies respectively comprise side sliding blocks, the side sliding blocks are connected with the lower die plate in a sliding mode, opposite end portions of the two side sliding blocks are connected with the male die, and the side sliding blocks are connected with the side wedge blocks in a sliding mode.
3. The die for forging the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the male die comprises a connecting part, an expanding part and a supporting part which are sequentially arranged, the connecting part is fixed with the punch, the expanding part is matched with the bell-mouth shape of the special-shaped pipe fitting, and the supporting part is matched with the pipe blank shape and used for extending into the pipe blank to support the inner pipe surface of the pipe blank.
4. The forging die for the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top end of the connecting rod is fixed with the upper die plate, the head part of the lower end of the connecting rod is in slidable limiting connection through a stepped hole structure of the connecting block, and the upper die is fixed with the bottom surface of the connecting block through a fixing plate.
5. The die for forging the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pull rod is vertically fixed on the upper die plate, the pull rod penetrates through the moving coil, the bottom end of the pull rod extends into a spring groove formed in the bottom surface of the moving coil, a spring fixing plate is arranged at the bottom end of the pull rod, the spring fixing plate is fixed with one end of a spring, and the other end of the spring is fixed with the bottom groove surface of the spring groove.
6. The forging die for the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting according to claim 1, wherein the upper die plate is further provided with a guide column, and the guide column penetrates through the moving coil.
7. A forging device for a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting comprises a press and a forging die for the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an upper template is connected with a vertical moving part of the press through a connecting rod, and a lower template is fixed on a workbench of the press.
8. A method for the forging device of the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that a pre-processed pipe blank is placed on a lower female die, a press machine drives an upper template to move until the upper female die is in contact with the pipe blank, the upper female die and the lower female die are closed to press the pipe blank, meanwhile, under the action of a connecting block, a middle wedge block horizontally moves towards side wedge blocks, the side wedge blocks drive two male die assemblies to move oppositely, the two male die assemblies extrude, ream and form flange parts of the pipe blank, and finally the double-horn-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting is obtained.
9. The method for forging a double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting according to claim 8, wherein the inner edge of the end part of the pipe blank is rounded, and correspondingly, the outer edge of the end part of the punch assembly is rounded.
10. The method for forging the double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting as claimed in claim 8, wherein the pipe blank is obtained by performing reverse hot extrusion forming on an aluminum alloy blank, the shape of the pipe blank is matched with that of a double-bell-mouth opposite-shaped pipe fitting, and edges of the outer surface and the inner surface are rounded.
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| CN202211267272.9A CN115582504B (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | Forging die, device and method for double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting |
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| CN202211267272.9A CN115582504B (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | Forging die, device and method for double-bell-mouth aluminum alloy special-shaped pipe fitting |
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| CN115582504B (en) | 2024-08-23 |
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