CN115584988A - A tunnelling is equipped for tunnelling cutter head of equipment and have it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cutter head for tunneling equipment and the tunneling equipment with the cutter head. The cutter head comprises a base and a cutter. The base is rotatable about a rotation axis in the direction of advance of the excavating equipment. The cutter comprises a plurality of hob sets arranged at intervals along a circumference defined relative to the rotation axis, each hob set comprising a plurality of hobs arranged from the rotation axis along a radial direction defined relative to the rotation axis. Wherein the hob rotation axis is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the base. The hob in each hob group retreats for a preset distance relative to the adjacent hob positioned on the radial inner side along the tunneling direction, so that the front ends of all the hobs in the hob group can be positioned on the same fitting circular arc. According to the invention, the hob forms an arc-shaped copying fitting curve, can be well adapted to the arc-shaped structure of the main tunnel segment, and is suitable for cutting operation of the main tunnel segment in the construction process of the mechanical method connecting channel. The roller shaft is evenly stressed, eccentric wear can be avoided, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

A tunnelling is equipped for tunnelling cutter head of equipment and have it

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering, in particular to a cutter head for tunneling equipment and the tunneling equipment with the cutter head.

Background

According to the provisions of subway design specifications: and when the coherent length of the tunnel is more than 600m, a communication channel is required to be arranged between the two single-line interval tunnels. The connection channel of the subway tunnel and the municipal highway tunnel is mostly made by a mining method. For example, in an area with abundant groundwater, the area is usually reinforced by adopting a freezing method, and then the connection channel excavation construction is carried out by adopting a mine method. However, the freezing method construction easily causes adverse effects such as frost heaving and thaw collapse, generally causes a certain ground settlement, and even causes a collapse risk when the ground settlement is large, which is particularly difficult to adapt to the urban core area with complex geological conditions and high environmental protection requirements. Moreover, the construction method has long construction period, generally needs more than 100 days of freezing, and then excavation can be started, so that the construction period can often reach 4-6 months. In addition, for the stratum with a sand layer and confined water, the freezing method has poor effect, is easy to cause accidents, and has large influence on the environment and high risk.

In recent years, a method of constructing a connecting channel by using a split joint type connecting channel structure and a mechanical method is proposed, and therefore, it is necessary to perform cutting operation on segments of a main tunnel by using tunneling equipment. In the cutting operation, it is desirable that the tunneling equipment first contact the segment at a position substantially in the center of the communication passage, the cutting locus thereof is expanded from the center to the periphery, and the segment corresponding to the radially outer side of the communication passage is finally cut. Conventional excavating equipment is generally suitable for cutting a planar working surface. When cutting is performed using conventional tunneling equipment, due to the arc-shaped structure of the main tunnel segment, the portion thereof corresponding to the radially outer side of the communication passage is first brought into contact with the tunneling equipment, and is thus first cut, thereby causing the middle portion to collapse forward.

It is therefore desirable to provide improved tunnelling equipment which can be adapted to the cutting of the main tunnel segments during the construction of mechanical communication tunnels.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cutter head of tunneling equipment, which is suitable for cutting a main tunnel segment in the construction process of a mechanical method connecting channel.

According to one aspect of the invention, the cutter head comprises:

a base rotatable about a rotation axis along a heading direction of the heading equipment; and

a cutter mounted on said base, said cutter comprising a plurality of groups of cutters spaced apart along a circumference defined relative to said axis of rotation, each said group of cutters comprising a plurality of roller cutters arrayed from said axis of rotation along a radial direction defined relative to said axis of rotation;

wherein in each hob group each hob is rotatably arranged around a hob rotation axis perpendicular to said rotation axis and each hob is set back in said heading direction a predetermined distance with respect to a radially inner adjacent hob such that the front ends of all hobs in each hob group can be located on the same fitted circular arc.

In some embodiments, each hob cutter is mounted in a separate magazine and projects forwardly with respect to a front face of the magazine, wherein the cutter further comprises a tearing knife located at a radially outer edge of the magazine and projecting forwardly with respect to the magazine.

In some embodiments, the tearing knife protrudes less than the hob protruding from the front end face of the knife box.

In some embodiments, the tearing knife projects forward parallel to the axis of rotation.

In some embodiments, the radially outer side of the group of knifes is provided with an additional tearing knife which projects forwards in an outwardly inclined manner with respect to the axis of rotation.

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a scraper group disposed at a rear side of the roller group along a rotation direction of the base, and including a plurality of scrapers arranged along the radial direction.

In some embodiments, the scraper sets are disposed on both radial sides of the roller set.

In some embodiments, the protruding distance of the scraper relative to the front end face of the knife box is smaller than the protruding distance of the hob.

In some embodiments, the cutter further includes a center blade disposed at a rotation center of the base and extending in the radial direction, the center blade being configured as a sandwich structure formed by a plurality of blade layers arranged in a direction perpendicular to an extending direction of the center blade.

In some embodiments, the central knives comprise two sets arranged crosswise in a cruciform.

In some embodiments, the leading edge of the center blade is formed as an inwardly concave arcuate structure.

In some embodiments, the cutter further comprises a guard blade disposed on a peripheral side of the base and protruding relative to a peripheral side surface.

In some embodiments, each hob set has an opposing hob set arranged at 180 ° with respect to said axis of rotation.

According to another aspect of the invention there is also provided tunnelling apparatus having a cutterhead as described above.

The cutterhead and the tunneling equipment have the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the rotary axis of the hob is vertically arranged relative to the rotary axis of the cutter head, so that the stress of the hob shaft is uniform in the cutting process, eccentric wear is avoided, the service life of the hob is prolonged, and particularly, the hob is more obvious in beneficial effect for the hob which is farther away from the rotary axis of the cutter head.

2. The hobs at different positions can be exchanged, so that the maintenance efficiency is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

3. The hob cutters are arranged in a mode of reducing the hob cutters from the center to the periphery step by step, in this mode, the front ends of the hob cutters can form an arc-shaped copying fitting curve, the hob cutters can well adapt to the arc-shaped structure of the main tunnel segment, and the hob cutters are suitable for cutting operation of the main tunnel segment in the mechanical method connection channel construction process.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference should be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to like parts. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the drawings are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention without any limiting effect on the scope of the invention, and that the various components in the drawings are not drawn to scale. Wherein,

figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the cutterhead according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the cutter head illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of the impeller shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the sandwich construction of the center knife of the cutterhead shown in FIG. 1; and

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the cutter head shown in fig. 1 attached to a tube sheet.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention and other ways of practicing the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the invention.

In order to realize the intercommunication of underground space networks, a large number of T-shaped connecting tunnels need to be built. Such as: subway, highway section contact passageway, subway access & exit and air shaft, municipal administration piping lane access shaft, long tunnel middle air shaft, water utilities tunnel connecting wire etc.. Recently, a method for constructing a T-shaped connection channel of a tunnel group by using a mechanical method has been proposed. Aiming at the construction method, the invention provides the cutter head of the tunneling equipment, which can carry out mechanical excavation on the original main tunnel on the basis of non-dismantling and has good adaptability to the main tunnel segment with the space curved surface. One example of a tunneling apparatus, among others, may be a shield machine.

As shown in fig. 1, the tool disk 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention has a base 10 which is substantially circular in configuration. In the mounted state to the tunnelling equipment, the base 10 is able to rotate about the mounting shaft under the drive of the tunnelling equipment. Wherein the mounting shaft defines a rotational axis AX1 (see fig. 2) of the base 10. The base 10 has a cutter 20 mounted thereon. When cutting operation is performed, the cutter head 1 is in contact with an operation surface (for example, a cross section of a communication channel) through the cutter 20, and the operation surface is extruded under the action of a pushing force applied to the tunneling equipment, so that the operation surface is damaged by the cutter 20, and cutting tunneling is realized. The knife 20 generally includes a hob cutter 21, a tearing knife 22, a scraper 23, a central knife 24 and a peripheral protection knife 25. The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The hob 21 is mounted on the base 10 and is rotatable about its hob rotation axis AX 2. Therein, the hob rotation axis AX2 extends substantially in a radial direction of the base 10 (which radial direction may be defined by the rotation axis AX 1), i.e. perpendicular to the rotation direction of the base 10. In the cutting and tunneling process, the tunneling equipment is subjected to a jacking force along the tunneling direction F, so that the hob 21 is extruded on the working surface, and as the base 10 rotates around the rotation axis AX1, the hob 21 rotates around the hob rotation axis AX2 under the driving of the base 10 and travels on the working surface to form a cutting track. In this way, the edges of the hob 21 are pressed into the working surface, so that the rock strata or soil layers are destroyed and collapsed, and cutting and tunneling are realized. In order to accomplish simultaneous cutting of the entire work surface, the cutter head 1 is provided with a plurality of groups of cutters. Wherein each hob group comprises a plurality of roller cutters 21 arranged substantially in the radial direction of the base 10. Preferably, the plurality of hob sets are evenly spaced along the circumferential direction of the base 10 (which circumferential direction may be defined by the rotation axis AX 1). Preferably, in order to avoid the hob rolling out during cutting (due to too large a pitch), which would cause the screw machine conveying the cutting chips to jam and cause unfavorable cutting conditions, while ensuring better and more uniform stressing of the hob groups, reducing the rate of damage to the knives and achieving better cutting results, each hob group has counter-hob groups arranged at 180 ° with respect to the rotation axis AX 1. The number of the hobs on the two opposite hob groups can be the same or different depending on the arrangement mode of the hobs.

In order to achieve cutting of the entire work surface, in one arrangement the roller cutters 21 are arranged on the base 10 in a substantially helical path. For example, the cutter head 1 is provided with N hob sets, and one of the hob sets may be predetermined as a starting hob set. For each hob group, the hob 21 closest to the axis of rotation AX1 may be referred to as a 1 st order hob, which is radially outward in turn a 2 nd order hob, a 3 rd order hob … … M order hob. It will be appreciated that the number of roller cutters M may be the same or different for different sets of cutters. In the clockwise direction (or counterclockwise direction), starting from the next group of the initial group of cutters, each step of the cutters of the downstream group of cutters is radially spaced from the rotation axis AX1 by a greater distance than the same step of the cutters of the adjacent upstream group of cutters, and reaches the nth group of cutters. And the radial distance of the M +1 th step hob of the start hob set from the rotation axis AX1 is larger than the radial distance of the M th step hob of the adjacent upstream hob set from the rotation axis AX 1. The hob of the same step in different hob groups is connected in sequence clockwise (or anticlockwise) from the hob of 1 step of the initial hob group, and a connecting line formed by connecting the hob of M +1 step of the initial hob group and the hob of M step of the adjacent upstream hob group is approximately formed into a track of a spiral line. The hobs can be arranged in a single spiral line or a double spiral line according to the area of the operation surface, the hardness degree of the rock-soil layer (which influences the abrasion speed of the hobs), the number of the required hobs and the like.

In another arrangement, the same-step hobs in different hob groups may be set to have the same radial distance from the rotation axis AX1, that is, the same-step hobs are connected, and the connection lines of the different-step hobs are approximately formed as tracks of concentric circles. Wherein, for different hob groups, the hob quantity can be the same, also can be different.

According to the invention, in each hob group, the hob rotation axis AX2 of each hob 21 is arranged perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10. It will be appreciated that the jacking force F experienced by the ripping equipment determines its ripping direction, and the axis of rotation AX1 is defined along the ripping direction. Therefore, the direction of the thrust force F is also the direction of the rotation axis AX 1. Similarly, the pressing force between the excavation equipment and the working surface received by the hob 21 is in the direction along the rotation axis AX 1. Since the hob axis of rotation AX2 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation AX1, the pressure to which the hob shaft of the hob 21 (which defines the hob axis of rotation AX 2) is subjected is substantially perpendicular to its length direction, with little component force in the other directions. Due to the arrangement, the stress of the hob 21 can be uniform in the cutting process, eccentric wear is avoided, the service life of the hob 21 is prolonged, and particularly, the hob 21 which is farther away from the rotation axis AX1 has more obvious beneficial effects.

Further, in order to better fit the segments of the main tunnel when the excavation is initiated, the roller cutters 21 are arranged in the following manner: in each hob group, each hob 21 is set back in the heading direction by a predetermined distance with respect to the adjacent hob 21 located radially inside it, so that the front ends of all the hobs 21 in the hob group can be located on the same fitted arc (see fig. 5). For example, as shown in fig. 2, the hob 21b is retreated by a predetermined distance from the adjacent hob 21a located radially inward thereof, and the hob 21c is retreated by another predetermined distance from the adjacent hob 21b located radially inward thereof. Preferably, the hob 21 that is farther from the axis of rotation AX1 in the radial direction is set back by a greater distance with respect to the radially inner adjacent hob 21, so that the shape of the circular arc can be better fitted.

According to the arrangement, on the premise that the rotary axis AX2 of the hob 21 is perpendicular to the rotary axis AX1 of the base 10, the hobs 21 are arranged in a mode that the hobs are gradually reduced from the center to the periphery, in this way, the front ends of the hobs 21 in the hob set can form an arc profile fitting curve, the multiple hobs 21 can be simultaneously contacted with the main tunnel segment 2, and synchronous cutting at different positions is guaranteed. In addition, such an arrangement improves the interchangeability of the roller cutters 21 at different positions, in particular different radial positions. Because all of the roller cutters 21 are arranged in such a manner that the roller cutter rotation axis AX2 is perpendicular to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10, there is no need to consider the skew angle of the roller cutter shafts with respect to the rotation axis AX1 of the base 10, and thus the roller cutters 21 in different positions may have the same specifications. When a hob 21 is damaged, it is possible to quickly replace it with any one of the spare hobs 21.

In actual production, each hob 21 is mounted in a separate magazine 211 by means of a hob shaft and projects outwardly with respect to the front end face of the magazine 211. The cutter housing 211 is fixed to a predetermined position of the base 10 to form a hob group. It will be appreciated that the more fitted points, the closer the distance between the points, the smoother the resulting fitted curve, and the higher the degree of fit. Therefore, in order to achieve fitting of the segment curvature with the above arrangement of the roller cutters 21, it is necessary to arrange as many roller cutters 21 as possible in the radial direction, and the distance between adjacent roller cutters 21 is very compact. In this case, the adjacent knife boxes 211 are arranged side by side along the radial direction, and it is difficult to have a space for arranging other components. However, since the cutter housing 211 located on the radially outer side is disposed rearward from the cutter housing 211 located on the radially inner side, the radially outer front end of the radially inner cutter housing 211 is exposed to the outside. During the cutting of the arc surface, the outer front end of the cutter box 211 is easily in contact with the working surface to cause abrasion, and even the cutter box 211 is damaged to cause the failure of the hob 21. It will be appreciated that this problem is caused by cutting an arc, and does not arise when cutting a flat surface.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a tearing knife 22 is provided at a position of the radially outer edge of the knife box 211. The tearing blade 22 protrudes forward relative to the front end face of the knife box 211, that is, the highest point of the tearing blade 22 is higher than the front end face of the knife box 211. In this way, the tearing knife 22 contacts the working surface before the outer front end of the knife box 211, and can damage the cutting of the working surface, so that the wear caused by the contact of the knife box 211 and the working surface is avoided, and a good protection effect is achieved. Preferably, the tearing blade 22 protrudes forward in parallel to the rotation axis AX1 (i.e., substantially perpendicular to the front end surface of the knife box 211). It is further preferred that the tearing knives 22 protrude forward a distance less than the distance that the hob 21 protrudes forward, so that the hob 21 comes into contact with the working surface before the tearing knives 22 radially outside thereof. Referring to fig. 1, radially outward of the partial groups of knifes, an additional tearing knife 22a is also provided. Unlike the tearing knives 22 provided at the outer side edge of the knife box 211, the additional tearing knives 22a extend obliquely at an angle to the outer side with respect to the rotation axis AX 1.

In addition, on both sides of the magazine 211 of the hob 21 in the radial direction, scrapers 23 are further provided, which protrude forward with respect to the front end surface of the magazine 211. The plurality of blades 23 are arranged in a radial direction to form a blade group. When the hob 21 crushes and destroys rock or soil layers on the working surface with the rotation of the base 10, the scraper 23 may scrape loose rock or soil blocks to expose a new working surface to be cut, thereby facilitating subsequent cutting work. Therefore, only the scraper 23 located behind the hob 21 in the rotation direction of the base 10 can actually function. Preferably, the doctor blade 23 protrudes forward relative to the front end face of the cutter housing 211 by a distance smaller than the forward protrusion distance of the hob 21. Preferably, the radial two sides of the hobbing cutter group are provided with the scraper groups. In this way, when the cutterhead 1 is operated in both the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation directions, respectively, the always presence of the corresponding group of cutters on the rear side of the group of hobbing cutters can play a role in scraping loose rock or soil.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in the region of the center of rotation of the base 10, a center knife 24 is provided. The center blade 24 is formed in a strip-like structure extending substantially in the radial direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the central knives 24 comprise two sets, and the two sets of central knives 24 are arranged in a criss-cross arrangement. Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the central blade 24 is constructed in a sandwich structure, for example, it may be formed by sandwiching blade layers (e.g., different alloy blades) with different strength and toughness, so as to improve its cutting ability, increase wear resistance, and prolong its service life. Further preferably, the arrangement direction of the blade layers is set to be perpendicular to the extending direction of the central blade 24. In other words, the center blade 24 is in contact with the working surface, and when the base 10 rotates, the force generated by the working surface on the center blade 24 is along the rotation direction R of the center blade 24, i.e., in line with the arrangement direction of the blade layers. Therefore, the arrangement direction of the knife layers can effectively resist the acting force of the working surface on the central knife 24, and the damage rate of the knife layers can be reduced.

Preferably, and with reference to FIG. 1, the leading edge of the center knife 24 is configured as an inwardly concave arcuate structure. The leading edge of the center blade 24 is recessed inwardly as compared to the configuration in which the leading edge projects forwardly, so that initial contact is made with the working surface at two locations at the ends of the recessed arcuate configuration of the center blade 24, which facilitates better "gripping" of the working surface by the center blade 24, i.e., fixation relative to the working surface, and avoids deflection of the center blade 24 on the working surface. This is particularly advantageous when the central knife 24 initially cuts the primary tunnel segments projecting towards the tunnelling apparatus at the receiving end.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a guard blade 25 is further provided on the peripheral side of the base 10. Specifically, the plurality of guard blades 25 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction, and protrude outward with respect to the circumferential side surface. In this way, when the cutter head 1 rotates, the protection knife 25 contacts with the soil layer or rock layer on the peripheral side before the base 10, and the base 10 is prevented from directly contacting and rubbing with the soil layer or rock layer to cause abrasion.

Furthermore, according to another aspect of the invention, a ripping equipment is also provided, which may have the cutterhead described above. The tunnelling equipment may in particular be a shield machine, for example.

The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention is provided for the purpose of illustration to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. It is not intended that the invention be limited to a single disclosed embodiment. As above, many alternatives and variations of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, while some alternative embodiments are specifically described, other embodiments will be apparent to, or relatively easily developed by, those of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances of the present invention described herein, as well as other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention as described above.

Claims (14)

1. A cutterhead for a ripping apparatus, the cutterhead comprising:

a base (10), the base (10) being rotatable about a rotation axis (AX 1) along a heading direction of the heading equipment; and

a tool mounted on the base (10) and including a plurality of hob sets arranged at intervals along a circumferential direction defined with respect to the rotation axis (AX 1), each hob set including a plurality of hob cutters (21) arranged starting from the rotation axis (AX 1) along a radial direction defined with respect to the rotation axis (AX 1);

wherein in each hob group each hob (21) is rotatably arranged around a hob rotation axis (AX 2) perpendicular to said rotation axis (AX 1), and each hob (21) is set back in said heading direction a predetermined distance with respect to a radially inner adjacent hob (21) such that the front ends of all hobs (21) in each hob group can lie on the same fitted circular arc.

2. The cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that each hob (21) is mounted in a separate cutter box (211) and projects forward with respect to a front end face of said cutter box (211), wherein said knives further comprise tearing knives (22) located at a radially outer edge of said cutter box (211) and projecting forward with respect to said cutter box (211).

3. A cutter head according to claim 2, characterized in that the tearing knife (22) protrudes less than the rolling knife (21) with respect to the front end face of the knife compartment.

4. A cutterhead according to claim 2, characterized in that the tearing knife (22) projects forwardly parallel to the axis of rotation (AX 1).

5. A cutterhead according to claim 4, characterized in that the radially outer side of the group of knifes is provided with an additional tearing knife (22 a), said additional tearing knife (22 a) projecting forwardly in an outwardly inclined manner with respect to the axis of rotation (AX 1).

6. The cutterhead according to claim 1, wherein the knives further comprise a group of knives, disposed at the rear side of the group of knives in the direction of rotation of the base (10), including a plurality of knives (23) arranged in said radial direction.

7. The cutter head of claim 6 wherein said groups of knives are disposed on both radial sides of said groups of knifes.

8. A cutter head according to claim 6, characterized in that the protruding distance of the scrapers (23) with respect to the front end face of the cutter housing is smaller than the protruding distance of the roller cutters (21).

9. The cutterhead according to claim 1, wherein the cutters further include a central cutter (24) disposed at the center of rotation of the base (10) and extending in the radial direction, the central cutter (24) being constructed in a sandwich structure formed by a plurality of cutter layers arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the central cutter extends.

10. The impeller of claim 9, characterized in that the central knives (24) comprise two groups arranged crosswise in a cruciform shape.

11. A cutterhead in accordance with claim 9, wherein the leading edge of the central knife (24) is formed in an inwardly concave arcuate configuration.

12. The cutterhead according to claim 1, wherein the cutters further include guard blades (25) disposed on the peripheral side of the base (10) and projecting relative to the peripheral side surface.

13. A cutter head according to claim 1, characterized in that each group of knifes has an opposite group of knifes arranged at 180 ° with respect to the axis of rotation (AX 1).

14. A ripping apparatus characterised in that it has an impeller according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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