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CN115558815A - Method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements - Google Patents

Method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements Download PDF

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CN115558815A
CN115558815A CN202211265266.XA CN202211265266A CN115558815A CN 115558815 A CN115558815 A CN 115558815A CN 202211265266 A CN202211265266 A CN 202211265266A CN 115558815 A CN115558815 A CN 115558815A
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aluminum alloy
rare earth
aging
aging resistance
cast rod
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陈位峰
曾祥勇
周福海
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JIANGSU ASIA-PACIFIC LIGHT ALLOY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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JIANGSU ASIA-PACIFIC LIGHT ALLOY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of a 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements, which comprises the steps of melting, casting, bar flaw detection, cast rod homogenization, cast rod cutting, extrusion, fixed-length cutting, aging and tensile test rod manufacturing; has the advantages of low production cost, simple process and stable performance of the produced product.

Description

Method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements.
Background
The aluminum and the aluminum alloy have small density, high specific strength and corrosion resistance, and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, war industry, automobiles and the like. The aluminum alloy is used at room temperature or lower temperature, and the strength of the aluminum alloy can be generally kept not to be reduced for a long time, but when the temperature is higher than a certain temperature, the strength of the aluminum alloy is obviously reduced.
The existing high-temperature aging resistant aluminum alloy mainly starts from limiting dislocation movement and strengthening grain boundaries, and precipitates a second phase with high thermal stability through proper alloying, so that the diffusion rate of elements in an aluminum matrix is reduced or the structural state of the grain boundaries is improved, and the high-temperature aging resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved; however, the technical means has higher cost and the improvement degree of the high-temperature aging resistance is not obvious.
Therefore, a method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
The method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy by adding the rare earth elements comprises the following steps:
s1, melting: putting 90-96 parts of aluminum ingot into a heating furnace for melting, deslagging and degassing, and adding 0.4-0.8 part of Si, 0-0.7 part of Fe, 0.15-0.4 part of Cu, 0-0.15 part of Mn, 0.8-1.2 part of Mg, 0.04-0.35 part of Cr, 0-0.25 part of Zn, 0-0.15 part of Ti and 0.06-0.065 part of rare earth alloy in deslagging, degassing and refining processes; then refining and standing;
s2, casting: when the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy is raised to 750-800 ℃, casting to obtain an aluminum alloy casting rod with the specification of phi 254 x 5000 mm;
s3, flaw detection of the bar stock: performing surface and internal quality flaw detection on the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod by using an automatic flaw detector, transferring the qualified cast rod to the next procedure, and scrapping and returning the unqualified cast rod;
s4, casting rod homogenization: placing the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy casting rods qualified in flaw detection into a homogenizing furnace for homogenizing;
s5, cutting a cast rod: cutting a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod with the specification of phi 254 x 5000mm into a plurality of sections of bar stock with the specification of phi 254 x 800mm, marking, and then sending to an extrusion process;
s6, extruding: carrying out 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar extrusion according to a preset 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion process, cooling by penetrating water in the extrusion process, wherein the cross section of an extruded product is rectangular, and the specification is 100 × 60mm;
s7, cutting to length: cutting into 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy blocks with the size specification of 100 × 60 × 300mm;
s8, aging: simultaneously placing 100 x 60 x 300mm 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy square blocks into an aging furnace for aging;
s9, manufacturing a tensile test bar: the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy drawing round bar is manufactured according to GB/T228.1.
The technical scheme is further optimized, and the rare earth alloy comprises 42.3-46.1 parts of La and 45.6-48.1 parts of Ce.
The technical scheme is further optimized, wherein the homogenization process in the step S4 is carried out at the temperature of 555 +/-10 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 5 hours.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, wherein the aging process in the step S8 is 180 +/-5 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the technical progress of the invention is as follows.
Compared with the 6061 aluminum alloy without rare earth, the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy prepared by the method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy by adding the rare earth elements has the advantages that the high-temperature aging resistance is obviously improved, the rare earth consumption is low, the production cost is low, and the prepared aluminum alloy has stable high-temperature aging resistance and has wide application prospects in the aspects of aerospace, automobile industry, military industry and the like. The invention has the advantages of low production cost, simple process and stable product performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the variation trend of the room temperature tensile strength of two materials in the present invention at different holding times of 150 ℃;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the variation trend of the room temperature tensile strength decay rate of the product of two materials at different heat preservation times of 150 ℃;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation trend of the room temperature yield strength of the product of two materials at different holding times of 150 ℃ in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation trend of the room temperature yield strength decay rate of the product of two materials at different holding times of 150 ℃;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure of a 6061 aluminum alloy cast bar according to the invention;
Detailed Description
The method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy by adding the rare earth elements is shown by combining fig. 1 to fig. 6, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, melting: putting 90-96 parts of aluminum ingot into a heating furnace for melting, deslagging and degassing, and adding 0.4-0.8 part of Si, 0-0.7 part of Fe, 0.15-0.4 part of Cu, 0-0.15 part of Mn, 0.8-1.2 part of Mg, 0.04-0.35 part of Cr, 0-0.25 part of Zn, 0-0.15 part of Ti and 0.06-0.065 part of rare earth alloy in deslagging, degassing and refining processes; then refining and standing; the rare earth alloy includes 42.3 to 46.1% of La and 45.6 to 48.1% of Ce.
S2, casting: when the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt rises to 750-800 ℃, casting is carried out, and the specification is obtained
Figure BDA0003892850920000031
The aluminum alloy cast rod of (1).
S3, flaw detection of the bar stock: and (4) performing surface and internal quality flaw detection on the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod by using an automatic flaw detector, transferring the qualified cast rod to the next procedure, and scrapping and returning the unqualified cast rod.
S4, casting rod homogenization: placing the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy casting rods qualified in flaw detection into a homogenizing furnace for homogenizing; the homogenization process is carried out at 555 + -10 deg.C for 5 hr.
S5, cutting the cast rod: will be in specification
Figure BDA0003892850920000033
Figure BDA0003892850920000033
6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod is cut into specification
Figure BDA0003892850920000032
And (4) marking a plurality of sections of the bar stock, and then conveying the bar stock to an extrusion process.
S6, extrusion: and (3) performing 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar extrusion according to a preset 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion process, cooling by penetrating water in the extrusion process, wherein the cross section of the extruded product is rectangular, and the specification is 100 × 60mm.
S7, cutting to length: cutting into blocks of 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy with the size specification of 100 x 60 x 300mm.
S8, aging: simultaneously placing 100-60-300mm 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy square blocks into an aging furnace for aging; the aging process is carried out at 180 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
S9, manufacturing a tensile test bar: the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy drawing round bar is manufactured according to GB/T228.1.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1:
s1, melting: putting 90 parts of aluminum ingot into a heating furnace for melting, deslagging and degassing, and adding 0.6 part of Si, 0.35 part of Fe, 0.4 part of Cu, 0 part of Mn, 0.8 part of Mg, 0.04 part of Cr, 0.13 part of Zn, 0.15 part of Ti, 0.033 part of La and 0.030 part of Ce in the deslagging, degassing and refining processes; then refining and standing.
S2, casting: when the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt rises to 750 ℃, casting is carried out, and the specification is obtained
Figure BDA0003892850920000041
The aluminum alloy cast rod of (1).
S3, flaw detection of the bar stock: and (4) performing flaw detection on the surface and the internal quality of the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod by using an automatic flaw detector, transferring the qualified cast rod to the next procedure, and scrapping the unqualified cast rod for returning to the furnace.
S4, casting rod homogenization: placing the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rods qualified in flaw detection into a homogenizing furnace for homogenizing; the homogenization process is carried out at 545 ℃ and the temperature is kept for 5 hours.
S5, cutting a cast rod: will be specified
Figure BDA0003892850920000042
6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod is cut into specification
Figure BDA0003892850920000043
Several sections of the bar stock are marked and then sent to the extrusion process.
S6, extrusion: 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar extrusion is carried out according to a preset 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion process, water cooling is adopted in the extrusion process, the cross section of an extruded product is rectangular, and the specification is 100 × 60mm.
S7, cutting to length: cut into blocks 28 of 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy of 100 x 60 x 300mm gauge.
S8, aging: putting 28 blocks of 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy square blocks with the specification of 100 x 60 x 300mm into an aging furnace for aging; the aging process is 175 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
S9, manufacturing a tensile test bar: the total number of 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy stretching round rods manufactured according to GB/T228.1 is 28.
Examples 2 to 3:
examples 2 to 3 are different from example 1 in the amount of each part of the metal used in step S1. In example 2, 96 parts of aluminum ingot, 0.8 part of Si, 0 part of Fe, 0.15 part of Cu, 0.07 part of Mn, 1.0 part of Mg, 0.17 part of Cr, 0.2 part of Zn, 0.08 part of Ti, 0.031 part of La and 0.031 part of Ce were added.
In example 3, 93 parts of an aluminum ingot, 0.4 part of Si, 0.7 part of Fe, 0.25 part of Cu, 0.15 part of Mn, 1.2 parts of Mg, 0.35 part of Cr, 0 part of Zn, 0.01 part of Ti, 0.029 part of La and 0.036 part of Ce were added.
Comparative example:
the comparative example differs from example 1 in that the metals used in the comparative example do not include La, ce.
Fourteen of the drawn round bars obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were put into a box-type annealing furnace simultaneously to be subjected to a high-temperature aging test. The high-temperature aging process comprises the following steps: keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ unchanged, and carrying out high-temperature aging tests for different heat preservation times of 0h, 100h, 200h, 400h, 600h, 800h and 1000 h.
After different heat preservation times of the high-temperature aging experiment are finished, taking one from the products of the examples and the comparative examples respectively, cooling, and then testing the mechanical property of the product, averaging the test results of the examples 1-3, wherein the test results are as follows:
table 1: mechanical property measured values of 6061 aluminum alloy and 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy at different heat preservation times of 150 DEG C
Figure BDA0003892850920000051
From the actual measurement results in table 1, in combination with the tensile strength and yield strength variation trend curves in fig. 1-4, the mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy and 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy generally show a decreasing trend at different holding times of 150 ℃. The tensile strength and yield strength of 6061 aluminum alloy are reduced all the time, the tensile strength is reduced from 395MPa of 0h to 352MPa of 1000h, the tensile strength is reduced by 11%, the yield strength is reduced from 381MPa of 0h to 319MPa of 1000h, and the yield strength is reduced by 16%; the tensile strength and the yield strength of the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy are slowly reduced from 0h to 400h, the strength is kept stable from 400h to 800h, the strength is slightly increased in the process from 400h to 600h, the strength begins to slowly reduce after the heat preservation time exceeds 800h, the tensile strength and the yield strength of the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy show a slow reduction trend in the whole process, wherein the tensile strength is reduced from 417MPa of 0h to 391MPa of 1000h, the tensile strength is reduced by 6%, the yield strength is reduced from 392MPa of 0h to 374MPa of 1000h, and the yield strength is reduced by 5%.
In addition, from the actual measurement results of the mechanical properties in table 1, the tensile strength of 6061 aluminum alloy before high-temperature aging test is 395MPa, the yield strength is 381MPa, the tensile strength of 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy is 417MPa, the yield strength is 392MPa, the tensile strength is increased by 5%, and the yield strength is increased by 3%.
Metallographic structures of one 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy tensile round rod prepared in example 1 and one 6061 aluminum alloy tensile round rod prepared in comparative example were detected respectively, and fig. 5 and 6 were obtained.
The main component element of the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy is Al-Mg-Si-La-Ce. The rare earth elements in the aluminum alloy not only have the functions of degassing, removing impurities and improving casting fluidity, but also can refine grains and improve room temperature strength. Fig. 5 is the metallographic structure of a 6061 aluminum alloy cast rod, fig. 6 is the metallographic structure of a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod, and comparing fig. 5 and fig. 6, it can be seen that: after the rare earth elements are added, the crystal grains of the cast rod are finer.

Claims (4)

1. The method for improving the high-temperature aging resistance of the 6061 aluminum alloy by adding the rare earth elements is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, melting: putting 90-96 parts of aluminum ingot into a heating furnace for melting, deslagging and degassing, and adding 0.4-0.8 part of Si, 0-0.7 part of Fe, 0.15-0.4 part of Cu, 0-0.15 part of Mn, 0.8-1.2 part of Mg, 0.04-0.35 part of Cr, 0-0.25 part of Zn, 0-0.15 part of Ti and 0.06-0.065 parts of rare earth alloy in the deslagging, degassing and refining processes; then refining and standing;
s2, casting: when the temperature of the molten aluminum alloy is raised to 750-800 ℃, casting to obtain an aluminum alloy casting rod with the specification of phi 254 x 5000 mm;
s3, flaw detection of the bar stock: performing flaw detection on the surface and the interior quality of a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod by using an automatic flaw detector, transferring the qualified cast rod to the next process, and scrapping the unqualified cast rod for returning;
s4, casting rod homogenization: placing the 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rods qualified in flaw detection into a homogenizing furnace for homogenizing;
s5, cutting a cast rod: cutting a 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy cast rod with the specification of phi 254, 5000mm into a plurality of sections of bar materials with the specification of phi 254, 800mm, marking, and then sending to an extrusion process;
s6, extrusion: performing 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy bar extrusion according to a preset 6061 aluminum alloy extrusion process, cooling through water in the extrusion process, wherein the cross section of an extruded product is rectangular and the specification is 100 × 60mm;
s7, cutting to length: cutting into 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy blocks with the size specification of 100 × 60 × 300mm;
s8, aging: simultaneously placing 100-60-300mm 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy square blocks into an aging furnace for aging;
s9, manufacturing a tensile test bar: 6061 rare earth aluminum alloy drawing round bars are manufactured according to GB/T228.1.
2. The method for improving the high temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rare earth alloy comprises 42.3-46.1 parts of La and 45.6-48.1 parts of Ce.
3. The method for improving the high temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the homogenization process in the step S4 is carried out at the temperature of 555 +/-10 ℃ and is kept for 5 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 for improving the high temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy with addition of rare earth elements, wherein: the aging process in the step S8 is carried out at the temperature of 180 +/-5 ℃ and the heat preservation time of 10 hours.
CN202211265266.XA 2022-10-17 2022-10-17 Method for improving high-temperature aging resistance of 6061 aluminum alloy by adding rare earth elements Pending CN115558815A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005264174A (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-29 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd Aluminum alloy sheet having excellent thermal conductivity and formability and its production method
CN101781723A (en) * 2009-09-15 2010-07-21 河池学院 Manufacturing method of high-strength automobile aluminum-alloy rim material
CN103205615A (en) * 2013-03-27 2013-07-17 成都阳光铝制品有限公司 6061 deforming aluminum alloy and production process thereof
CN114231802A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-25 包头稀土研究院 Rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging aluminum alloy hub and preparation method thereof
WO2022062727A1 (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-03-31 广东坚美铝型材厂(集团)有限公司 Preparation method for motor shell aluminum profile, and motor shell and motor
CN114411001A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-29 临沂大学 Rare earth modified aluminum magnesium silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005264174A (en) * 2004-03-16 2005-09-29 Mitsubishi Alum Co Ltd Aluminum alloy sheet having excellent thermal conductivity and formability and its production method
CN101781723A (en) * 2009-09-15 2010-07-21 河池学院 Manufacturing method of high-strength automobile aluminum-alloy rim material
CN103205615A (en) * 2013-03-27 2013-07-17 成都阳光铝制品有限公司 6061 deforming aluminum alloy and production process thereof
WO2022062727A1 (en) * 2020-09-28 2022-03-31 广东坚美铝型材厂(集团)有限公司 Preparation method for motor shell aluminum profile, and motor shell and motor
CN114231802A (en) * 2021-12-07 2022-03-25 包头稀土研究院 Rare earth aluminum alloy bar for forging aluminum alloy hub and preparation method thereof
CN114411001A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-04-29 临沂大学 Rare earth modified aluminum magnesium silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof

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