CN115479290A - All-weather solar heat supply system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage - Google Patents
All-weather solar heat supply system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
- F24D11/003—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1042—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-weather solar heat supply system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage, and relates to the technical field of solar building heat collection, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the building wall comprises high-light-transmittance glass, a selective light absorption material, a static air layer, a heat conduction metal plate and an adsorption bed, wherein a cavity is formed in the building wall, and an adsorption bed upper cavity and an adsorption bed lower cavity are respectively arranged at two ends of the adsorption bed; a building facade exhaust port is arranged at the upper cavity of the adsorption bed, a building facade air inlet is arranged at the lower cavity of the adsorption bed, and a building facade air inlet is also arranged at the building wall body facade; the exhaust port of the building facade is respectively communicated with the upper cavity and the cavity of the adsorption bed; and the air inlet of the building negative side is respectively communicated with the lower cavity of the adsorption bed and the cavity, and the air inlet of the building negative side is communicated with the cavity. The invention can solve the problems of low heat storage energy density, large operation power consumption and poor flexibility of heat storage operation regulation in the traditional heat storage technologies for building heat supply, such as water heat storage, phase change heat storage and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar building heat collection, in particular to an all-weather solar heat supply system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage.
Background
At present, most energy sources used in buildings are from fossil fuels, and the method not only greatly influences the energy safety of China, but also has negative influence on the environment. In order to reduce the excessive consumption of non-renewable energy in a building, researchers develop various researches, and combining a solar energy technology with the building is an important solution for developing renewable energy on a large scale and reducing the consumption proportion of traditional fossil energy in the building.
A particular lambertian wall is an effective way to utilize solar energy in the building sector. However, the Lambertian wall has some disadvantages, which limit its popularization and application. During the night or long cloudy days, a large amount of heat can be transferred from the interior of the room to the outside through the Lambertian wall, so that heat loss of the room is caused, energy consumption is increased, and the problem is particularly obvious in cold climate areas.
In cold winter, the temperature of the building envelope is significantly lower than the indoor temperature and is distributed in a gradient from indoor to outdoor. Especially, glass has a temperature close to the outdoor temperature because of poor heat insulation performance. However, people usually ignore the characteristic of non-uniform distribution of indoor heat environment in winter and only focus on using a heat source with a temperature higher than the indoor temperature to maintain the indoor temperature. In fact, the building can be insulated by using water at the temperature lower than room temperature, and indoor heat dissipation can be effectively reduced. If the soil heat source and the natural water source in the natural environment are fully utilized, the heat transferred from the indoor to the outside can be completely reduced, so that the demand of high-grade heat supply is reduced, and the heat supply energy consumption is further reduced.
The invention patent with publication number CN112178962A discloses a system and a method comprising a photovoltaic photo-thermal phase change water tank, a special Lambert wall and a plant, wherein the system comprises the photovoltaic photo-thermal phase change water tank, the special Lambert wall, the plant and an electricity storage system; the system can realize multiple functions of power generation, hot water production, passive refrigeration, passive heating, air purification and the like. In non-heating seasons, the photovoltaic photo-thermal phase change water tank and the plants respectively reduce the temperature of the wall body of the building through heat storage and transpiration, and a solar chimney is formed by the photovoltaic photo-thermal phase change water tank and the special Lambert wall while hot water is obtained, so that the passive refrigeration function of the building is achieved; in the heating season, the photovoltaic photo-thermal phase change water tank and the special Lambert wall are combined, so that the heat is stored while the building is passively heated, and the plants absorb CO2 through photosynthesis to release O2 and are coupled with the passive heating process to adjust the indoor air quality. Besides seasonal realization of hot water production, passive refrigeration, passive heating and indoor air quality regulation, the system can realize annual power supply at the same time.
In the invention, water and a phase-change material are used as heat storage media to store surplus solar energy in the daytime, so that the heat storage energy density is low, and the volume of a water tank required is large; the water pump is required to drive to complete the effective heat storage and release process, and the power consumption of the system operation is high.
The invention patent with publication number CN112082274A discloses a composite type Lambert wall body capable of effectively reducing heat loss, and the Lambert wall body is combined with a water wall. The invention can utilize low-grade energy sources such as soil heat sources, natural water sources and the like at night, and low-temperature water is circulated in the water wall to reduce the heat loss of the building. The invention has simple structure and low cost, can effectively reduce indoor heat dissipation and ensure indoor thermal comfort.
According to the invention, water is used as a heat storage medium to store surplus solar energy in the daytime, the heat storage energy density is low, and the heat supply of all-weather buildings can not be met under the condition of meeting the heat storage volume of the design requirement; the water pump is required to drive to complete the effective heat storage and release process, and the power consumption of the system operation is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an all-weather solar heating system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage.
According to the all-weather solar heating system and the method based on the open type adsorption heat storage, the scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an all-weather solar heating system based on open adsorption heat storage is provided, the system comprising:
the high-light-transmittance glass is arranged on the sun surface of a building wall body, the selective light-absorption material is arranged on the inner side of the high-light-transmittance glass, and the static air layer, the heat-conduction metal plate and the adsorption bed are sequentially arranged between the high-light-transmittance glass and the selective light-absorption material;
a cavity is formed in the building wall, and an adsorption bed upper cavity and an adsorption bed lower cavity are respectively formed in two ends of the adsorption bed;
a building facade exhaust port is arranged at the upper cavity of the adsorption bed, a building facade air inlet is arranged at the lower cavity of the adsorption bed, and a building facade air inlet is also arranged at the building wall body facade;
the building sun side exhaust port is respectively communicated with the upper cavity of the adsorption bed and the cavity; and the air inlet of the building negative side is respectively communicated with the lower cavity of the adsorption bed and the cavity, and the air inlet of the building negative side is communicated with the cavity.
Preferably, a plurality of air flow channels are arranged in the adsorption bed along the length direction of the adsorption bed, channels are respectively formed between two ends of each air flow channel and the upper cavity of the adsorption bed and between two ends of each air flow channel and the lower cavity of the adsorption bed, and air flows along the lower cavity of the adsorption bed, the air flow channels and the upper cavity of the adsorption bed.
Preferably, an upper air outlet baffle is arranged at the upper cavity of the adsorption bed, and a lower air outlet baffle is arranged at the lower cavity of the adsorption bed; and a building concave air inlet baffle is further arranged at the building concave air inlet.
Preferably, a heat insulation layer is further arranged on one side wall of the adsorption bed close to the cavity, and the adsorption bed is thermally insulated from the indoor environment through the heat insulation layer.
Preferably, a water vapor generator is further arranged at the air inlet of the sunny side of the building.
Preferably, the selective light absorption material is a solar photo-thermal film.
Preferably, the adsorbent bed is a high density composite adsorbent material.
In a second aspect, an all-weather solar heat supply method based on open adsorption heat storage is provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
solar photo-thermal conversion: when the solar radiation is sufficient in the daytime, the solar energy is absorbed to provide sufficient heating heat load for the building; meanwhile, the heating regeneration of the channel type adsorption heat storage step is realized by utilizing redundant heat energy, namely the heat storage process;
a channel type adsorption heat storage step: when solar energy cannot be used for direct heating at night or in rainy days, the water vapor in the air is used for realizing the adsorption in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, namely the heat release process;
the adjustable water vapor generator comprises the following steps: the heat release process of the heat storage system is regulated.
Preferably, the heat-moisture conversion characteristic of the channel-type adsorption heat storage step is that indoor humidification and dehumidification are carried out under the conditions that air temperature is high in the daytime and is dry, air temperature is low at night and air is humid, and meanwhile indoor temperature and humidity are regulated and controlled.
Preferably, after the regeneration process is completed, the channel type adsorption heat storage step stores heat for a long time without environmental heat loss by controlling the content of water vapor in the adsorption bed, and adjusts the heating load of the building.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting the high-density composite adsorption material based on water vapor adsorption as the heat storage material, the problem of low heat storage energy density in the traditional heat storage technologies such as water heat storage, phase change heat storage and the like is solved;
2. by utilizing the chimney effect of air in the channel type adsorption heat storage structure, the near-zero energy consumption long-period heat storage and release process driven by solar photo-thermal and adsorption heat is realized, and the problems of large power consumption and poor heat storage flexibility in the operation of the traditional heat storage technology are solved;
3. the temperature and humidity double-control regulation of the indoor environment is realized by utilizing the release of the water vapor in the heat storage process of the adsorption bed in the daytime and the absorption of the water vapor in the heat release process at night, and compared with the traditional special Lambert wall heat supply system, the temperature and humidity double-control regulation function of the indoor environment is added.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. building a building sunny side exhaust port; 2. high light-transmitting glass; 3. a static air layer; 4. a selectively light absorbing material; 5. a heat conductive metal plate; 6. an air flow channel; 7. an adsorption bed; 8. a thermal insulation layer; 9. an upwind outlet baffle; 10. a leeward outlet baffle; 11. the upper cavity of the adsorption bed; 12. the lower cavity of the adsorption bed; 13. a water vapor generator; 14. a cavity; 15. building a shade air inlet; 16. building shadow side air inlet baffle; 17. building sunny side air inlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides an all-weather solar heating system based on open type adsorption heat storage, and as shown in figure 1, firstly, the system comprises: high printing opacity glass 2, selective extinction material 4, static air bed 3, heat conduction metal sheet 5 and adsorption bed 7, high printing opacity glass 2 sets up at building wall body sun face, selective extinction material 4 sets up at high printing opacity glass 2 inboardly, static air bed 3, heat conduction metal sheet 5 and adsorption bed 7 set gradually between high printing opacity glass 2 and selective extinction material 4, selective extinction material 4 in this embodiment can choose the solar energy light-heat membrane for use, in this embodiment adsorption bed 7 can choose the compound adsorption material of high density for use.
A cavity 14 is also arranged in the building wall, and an adsorption bed upper cavity 11 and an adsorption bed lower cavity 12 are respectively arranged at two ends of the adsorption bed 7; a building sunny side exhaust port 1 is arranged at the upper cavity 11 of the adsorption bed, a building sunny side air inlet 17 is arranged at the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed, a water vapor generator 13 is further arranged at the building sunny side air inlet 17, and a building shady side air inlet 15 is further arranged at the wall shady side of the building. The exhaust port 1 on the building sunny side is respectively communicated with the upper cavity 11 and the cavity 14 of the adsorption bed; the building negative air inlet 15 is respectively communicated with the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed and the cavity 14, and the building negative air inlet 15 is communicated with the cavity 14.
A plurality of air flow channels 6 are arranged in the adsorption bed 7 along the length direction of the adsorption bed, channels are respectively formed between two ends of each air flow channel 6 and the upper adsorption bed cavity 11 and the lower adsorption bed cavity 12, and air flows along the lower adsorption bed cavity 12, the air flow channels 6 and the upper adsorption bed cavity 11.
An upper air outlet baffle 9 is also arranged at the upper cavity 11 of the adsorption bed, and a lower air outlet baffle 10 is also arranged at the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed; and a building concave air inlet baffle 16 is also arranged at the building concave air inlet 15. A heat insulation layer 8 is further arranged on one side wall of the adsorption bed 7 close to the cavity 14, the heat insulation layer 8 in the embodiment can be made of aluminum silicate fiber paper, and the adsorption bed 7 is thermally insulated from the indoor environment through the heat insulation layer 8.
The implementation principle of the invention is as follows: in the heating season, the building shade air inlet baffle 16, the building shade air outlet 1 and the building shade air inlet 17 are closed, and the upwind outlet baffle 9 and the downwind outlet baffle 10 are opened; in daytime, the indoor air is cold and dry, sunlight shines through the high-light-transmission glass 2 and the static air layer 3 to reach the solar photo-thermal film, solar energy is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is transferred to the adsorption bed 7 body and the air flow channel 6 through the heat-conducting metal plate 5.
Wherein, the composite adsorption material of the adsorption bed 7 is heated and then is subjected to desorption process and stores heat for continuous heat supply at night; after the air in the air flow channel 6 is heated, natural convection in the vertical flow channel is formed due to the action of thermal buoyancy, namely chimney effect, so that pressure difference in the vertical direction is formed between the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed and the upper cavity 11 of the adsorption bed, under the driving of the pressure difference, indoor cold air enters the air flow channel 6 in the adsorption bed 7 from the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed, is heated in the air flow channel 6 in a natural convection heat exchange mode, simultaneously takes away water vapor released in the desorption process of the adsorption material, and the heated and humidified air enters the room from the upper cavity 11 of the adsorption bed and the upper air outlet baffle plate 9, so that the heat storage, heating and humidification functions are completed; at night, indoor air is cold and humid, moisture generated by basic metabolism of indoor residents or an adjustable water vapor generator 13 is used for providing water vapor for adsorption and heat release, the humid air enters an air flow channel 6 of an adsorption bed 7 from a downwind outlet baffle 10 through a lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed, heat is released after the adsorption material adsorbs the water vapor, the heat is transferred to the air in the air flow channel 6 from the adsorption bed 7 in a natural convection mode, the heated and dehumidified air enters the room from an upper cavity 11 of the adsorption bed and an upper wind outlet baffle 9 of the adsorption bed, and the functions of heat release, heating and dehumidification are achieved.
In non-heating seasons, the upper air outlet baffle 9 is closed, and the building concave air inlet baffle 16, the lower air outlet baffle 10 and the building convex air outlet 1 are opened. The air in the air flow passage 6 is heated to form a chimney effect, low-temperature air on the back of the building is driven to enter the room from the air inlet 15 on the negative side of the building, and indoor hot air is exhausted out of the room through the lower cavity 12 of the adsorption bed, the air flow passage 6 and the air outlet 1 on the positive side of the building to form passive refrigeration.
The invention also provides an all-weather solar heat supply method based on open type adsorption heat storage, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises a solar photo-thermal conversion step, a channel type adsorption heat storage step and an adjustable water vapor generator step, wherein when solar irradiation is sufficient in the daytime, the solar photo-thermal conversion step is used for absorbing solar energy to provide sufficient heating heat load for a building, and meanwhile, the heating regeneration (heat storage process) of the channel type adsorption heat storage step is realized by using redundant heat energy; when solar energy cannot be used for direct heating at night or in rainy days, the water vapor in the air is used for realizing the adsorption (heat release process) in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, and the heat release process of the heat storage system is regulated and controlled by humidifying the additional adjustable water vapor generator 13 when necessary.
By utilizing the chimney effect caused by the temperature difference formed by the solar photothermal effect or the adsorption heat release of air in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, the regeneration and adsorption process of the near-zero energy consumption solar photothermal and adsorption heat self-driven can be realized in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, so that all-weather near-zero energy consumption heat supply is realized. In addition, after the regeneration process is completed in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, the heat can be stored for a long time almost without environmental heat loss by controlling the content of water vapor in the adsorption bed 7, and the flexibility of the adjustment of the heating heat load of the building in the channel type adsorption heat storage step is obviously improved. In addition, the system can also realize indoor humidification and dehumidification under the conditions of high temperature and dry air in the daytime and low temperature and humid air at night through the heat-moisture conversion characteristic of the channel type adsorption heat storage step, and meanwhile, the indoor temperature and humidity are regulated and controlled, and the living comfort level is improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides an all-weather solar heating system and method based on open type adsorption heat storage, which directly supply heat by using solar energy in the daytime, realize the regeneration heat storage of an adsorption bed 7 by using abundant heat energy, realize the adsorption heat release of the adsorption bed 7 by using water vapor in the air at night or in rainy days, and further form all-weather building heating; in the daytime, the adsorption bed 7 is directly heated by solar energy and the adsorption bed 7 can realize near-zero energy consumption operation of an adsorption heat storage system driven by solar photo-heat and adsorption heat due to a chimney effect in a channel of the adsorption bed 7 caused by a heating effect in the adsorption heat release process; moreover, the adsorption bed 7 consumes or generates steam in the adsorption and regeneration processes, can adjust the indoor humidity, and improves the control flexibility of the indoor environment comfort level.
The heat storage density of the channel type adsorption heat storage step adopted by the invention is higher than that of the traditional water heat storage and phase change heat storage, and the volume of a heat storage body is smaller; meanwhile, the adopted adsorption heat storage technology can avoid passively transferring heat to the indoor when the building heating load is low, and can realize long-time heat storage, thereby being a solar passive heat supply technology with low energy consumption and low cost.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in addition to implementing the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention as pure computer readable program code, the system and its various devices, modules, units provided by the present invention can be fully implemented by logically programming method steps in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Therefore, the system and various devices, modules and units thereof provided by the invention can be regarded as a hardware component, and the devices, modules and units included in the system for realizing various functions can also be regarded as structures in the hardware component; means, modules, units for performing the various functions may also be regarded as structures within both software modules and hardware components for performing the method.
The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. An all-weather solar heating system based on open absorption heat storage is characterized in that includes: the high-light-transmittance glass (2), the selective light-absorption material (4), the static air layer (3), the heat-conduction metal plate (5) and the adsorption bed (7), wherein the high-light-transmittance glass (2) is arranged on the sun surface of a building wall, the selective light-absorption material (4) is arranged on the inner side of the high-light-transmittance glass (2), and the static air layer (3), the heat-conduction metal plate (5) and the adsorption bed (7) are sequentially arranged between the high-light-transmittance glass (2) and the selective light-absorption material (4);
a cavity (14) is formed in the building wall, and an adsorption bed upper cavity (11) and an adsorption bed lower cavity (12) are respectively arranged at two ends of the adsorption bed (7);
a building sun exhaust port (1) is arranged at the upper cavity (11) of the adsorption bed, a building sun air inlet (17) is arranged at the lower cavity (12) of the adsorption bed, and a building shadow air inlet (15) is also arranged at the shadow of the building wall;
the building sun side exhaust port (1) is respectively communicated with the upper cavity (11) and the cavity (14) of the adsorption bed; the building negative air inlet (15) is respectively communicated with the lower cavity (12) of the adsorption bed and the cavity (14), and the building negative air inlet (15) is communicated with the cavity (14).
2. The all-weather solar heating system based on the open type adsorption heat storage is characterized in that a plurality of air flow channels (6) are arranged in the adsorption bed (7) along the length direction of the adsorption bed, two ends of each air flow channel (6) respectively form a channel with the adsorption bed upper cavity (11) and the adsorption bed lower cavity (12), and air flows along the adsorption bed lower cavity (12), the air flow channels (6) and the adsorption bed upper cavity (11).
3. The all-weather solar heating system based on the open type adsorption heat storage according to claim 2, wherein an upper air outlet baffle (9) is further arranged at the upper cavity (11) of the adsorption bed, and a lower air outlet baffle (10) is further arranged at the lower cavity (12) of the adsorption bed; and a building concave air inlet baffle (16) is also arranged at the building concave air inlet (15).
4. The all-weather solar heating system based on the open type adsorption heat storage according to the claim 1, characterized in that a side wall of the adsorption bed (7) near the cavity (14) is further provided with a heat insulation layer (8), and the adsorption bed (7) is thermally isolated from the indoor environment through the heat insulation layer (8).
5. The all-weather solar heating system based on open adsorption heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that a water vapor generator (13) is further arranged at the building sun air inlet (17).
6. The open adsorption heat storage based all-weather solar heating system according to claim 1, wherein the selectively light absorbing material (4) is a solar photo-thermal film.
7. The open adsorption heat storage based all-weather solar heating system according to claim 1, wherein the adsorption bed (7) is a high density composite adsorption material.
8. An all-weather solar heating method based on open adsorption heat storage, which is characterized in that the all-weather solar heating system based on open adsorption heat storage according to any one of claims 1-7 comprises:
solar photo-thermal conversion: when the solar radiation is sufficient in the daytime, the solar energy is absorbed to provide sufficient heating heat load for the building; meanwhile, the heating regeneration of the channel type adsorption heat storage step is realized by using redundant heat energy, namely the heat storage process;
a channel type adsorption heat storage step: when solar energy cannot be used for direct heating at night or in rainy days, the water vapor in the air is used for realizing the adsorption in the channel type adsorption heat storage step, namely the heat release process;
the adjustable water vapor generator comprises the following steps: the heat release process of the heat storage system is regulated.
9. The all-weather solar heat supply method based on the open type adsorption heat storage according to claim 7, wherein the heat-moisture conversion characteristic of the channel type adsorption heat storage step is that indoor humidification and dehumidification are carried out under the conditions that the air temperature is high in daytime and dry and the air temperature is low at night and the air is humid, and the indoor temperature and humidity are regulated and controlled.
10. The all-weather solar heating method based on open adsorption heat storage according to claim 7, wherein the channel type adsorption heat storage step is carried out to store heat for a long time without environmental heat loss by controlling the content of water vapor in the adsorption bed (7) after the regeneration process is completed, so as to adjust the heating heat load of the building.
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