CN115476205A - Honing device and honing method for inner hole of composite material cladding with super-large length-diameter ratio - Google Patents
Honing device and honing method for inner hole of composite material cladding with super-large length-diameter ratio Download PDFInfo
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- CN115476205A CN115476205A CN202211211017.2A CN202211211017A CN115476205A CN 115476205 A CN115476205 A CN 115476205A CN 202211211017 A CN202211211017 A CN 202211211017A CN 115476205 A CN115476205 A CN 115476205A
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 124
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001182 Mo alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
- B24B27/0076—Other grinding machines or devices grinding machines comprising two or more grinding tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
A honing device and a honing method for an inner hole of an ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding belong to the technical field of composite material processing. The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing processing device and method cannot meet the processing requirements of high precision and low damage of the inner hole of the composite material cladding with the super-large length-diameter ratio. The invention comprises a numerical control platform, a high-frequency reciprocating motion generator, a step-scale grinding tool set and a workpiece clamping platform; the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator and the workpiece clamping platform are coaxially arranged on the numerical control platform and can move relatively, and the step-scale grinding tool set is arranged on the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator and can realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion; the composite material cladding is arranged on the workpiece clamping platform and can rotate by taking the central axis of the composite material cladding as an axis, and the stepped scale grinding tool set is used for reaming the inner hole of the composite material cladding. The method is mainly used for processing the inner hole of the cladding of the composite material with the super-large length-diameter ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material processing, and particularly relates to a honing device and a honing method for an inner hole of an ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding.
Background
The composite material has good physical and chemical properties and is widely applied to the fields of military industry, nuclear energy and aerospace, and the cladding of the composite material is a key structural material of the nuclear reactor core and a vessel for nuclear reaction, so the processing requirement is extremely strict. The composite material cladding is a three-layer tubular structure, each layer of the cladding has a very thin wall, the inner diameter of the cladding is about 7.5-8.5 mm, the outer diameter of the cladding is 9.5-12 mm, the length of the cladding is about 1-4 m, the wall thickness of a finished product is only required to be about 1mm, and the cladding has the characteristics of a super-large length-diameter ratio of 1; in addition, the composite material cladding inner hole machining process has the characteristics of high hardness and brittleness, the traditional inner hole machining process of drilling, broaching and common grinding is easy to damage, and the inner hole with the super-large length-diameter ratio cannot be machined, so that the traditional inner hole machining process cannot meet the machining requirements of high precision and low damage of the inner hole of the composite material cladding with the super-large length-diameter ratio, and the machining of parts also becomes a pain point for limiting the energy development of China.
Aiming at the processing of thin-wall or hard and brittle materials, the Chinese patent application number 201711379419.2 already mentions the processing of high-hardness and high-brittleness materials such as glass tubes, but the processing is not suitable for parts with ultra-large length-diameter ratio such as composite material cladding; chinese patent application No. 201610283924.6 mentions a method for processing an inner hole of a thin-walled long tube made of molybdenum alloy, which adopts a composite processing method organically combining gun drilling, linear cutting and honing, but the processing method is not suitable for high-hardness materials such as composite material cladding.
With the continuous progress of modern materials, devices and equipment and other technologies, the processing of inner holes of parts is rapidly developing towards the directions of high precision, high efficiency and intellectualization, but a novel and creative processing device and method are not provided to effectively solve the processing problems of high efficiency, high precision and low damage of the composite material cladding with super-large length-diameter ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the existing processing device and method can not meet the processing requirements of high precision and low damage of the inner hole of the composite material cladding with the super-large length-diameter ratio; further provides a honing device and a honing method for the inner hole of the cladding made of the composite material with the super-large length-diameter ratio.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a honing device for an inner hole of an ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding comprises a numerical control platform, a high-frequency reciprocating motion generator, a step-scale grinding tool set and a workpiece clamping platform; the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator and the workpiece clamping platform are coaxially arranged on the numerical control platform and can move relatively, and the step scale grinding tool set is arranged on the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator and can realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion; the composite material cladding is arranged on the workpiece clamping platform and can rotate by taking the central axis of the composite material cladding as an axis, and the stepped scale grinding tool set is used for reaming the inner hole of the composite material cladding.
Furthermore, a slide rail is arranged at the upper end of the numerical control platform, the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator is installed at the end part of the slide rail, the workpiece clamping platform is installed on the slide rail of the numerical control platform, a driving assembly is arranged on one side of the numerical control platform, and the driving assembly is used for driving the axial feeding of the workpiece clamping platform.
Further, the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic conducting wire and a tensioning mechanism; the ultrasonic generator and the tensioning mechanism are respectively arranged at two ends of a sliding rail on the numerical control platform and are positioned at two sides of the workpiece clamping platform; the ultrasonic transducer is arranged at an ultrasonic generating end of the ultrasonic generator, one end of the ultrasonic conducting wire is arranged at the driving end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the other end of the ultrasonic conducting wire penetrates through an inner hole of a composite material cladding arranged on the workpiece clamping platform and is arranged at a tensioning end of the tensioning mechanism to realize tensioning of the ultrasonic conducting wire; the step size grinding tool set is sleeved on the ultrasonic conducting wire.
Furthermore, the workpiece clamping platform comprises a moving platform, two clamping mechanisms, a workpiece clamp and two rotating platforms; the lower surface of the moving platform is provided with a sliding chute matched with the sliding rail, the two rotating platforms are oppositely arranged on the moving platform, each rotating platform is provided with a clamping mechanism, the two clamping mechanisms are oppositely arranged, and the rotating platforms can drive the clamping mechanisms to rotate automatically; the workpiece clamp is of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of injection holes which are arranged side by side are formed in the side wall of the workpiece clamp; the workpiece fixture is axially inserted on the two rotary platforms and the two clamping mechanisms, two ends of the workpiece fixture respectively extend out of the end parts of the two rotary platforms, and the two clamping mechanisms clamp and position the workpiece fixture; the composite material cladding is inserted into the workpiece fixture, two ends of the composite material cladding respectively extend out of two end faces of the workpiece fixture, an annular cavity is formed between the composite material cladding and the workpiece fixture, and low-melting-point filler is filled into the annular cavity between the workpiece fixture and the composite material cladding through the injection hole and is solidified.
Furthermore, the honing device also comprises two groups of photoelectric sensor groups, wherein one group of photoelectric sensor group is arranged right above the ultrasonic transmission line and used for determining the position of the ultrasonic transmission line, and the other group of photoelectric sensor group is arranged on the side of the workpiece clamp and used for determining the positions of the composite material cladding and the workpiece clamp.
Further, the step-scale grinding tool set comprises a rough machining grinding head set, a semi-finish machining grinding head set and a finish machining grinding head set; the rough machining grinding head group, the semi-finish machining grinding head group and the finish machining grinding head group are sequentially and serially connected and fixedly installed on an ultrasonic conducting wire from a composite material cladding to the direction of an ultrasonic transducer to form a machining grinding tool with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio; the mounting position of each processing grinding head is the antinode position of the axial vibration of the ultrasonic transmission line.
Furthermore, the rough machining grinding head group comprises a rough machining grinding head I and a plurality of rough machining grinding heads II which are sequentially connected in series; the semi-finishing grinding head group comprises a semi-finishing grinding head I and a plurality of semi-finishing grinding heads II which are sequentially connected in series; the finish machining grinding head group comprises a finish machining grinding head I and a plurality of finish machining grinding heads II which are sequentially connected in series; a certain distance is reserved between two adjacent processing grinding heads to be used as a chip groove;
the rough machining grinding head I, the semi-finish machining grinding head I and the finish machining grinding head I are all circular truncated cone-shaped grinding heads, and the sizes of the rough machining grinding head I, the semi-finish machining grinding head I and the finish machining grinding head I are sequentially increased; the rough machining grinding head I, the semi-finish machining grinding head I and the finish machining grinding head I are arranged in a direction towards the composite material cladding, wherein the outer diameter of the end with the smaller section of the rough machining grinding head I is smaller than the initial inner diameter of the composite material cladding;
the rough machining grinding head II, the semi-finish machining grinding head II and the finish machining grinding head II are cylindrical grinding heads; wherein, the external diameter of rough machining bistrique II equals the external diameter size of I cross-section maximum position department of rough machining bistrique, and the external diameter of semi-finishing bistrique II equals the external diameter size of I cross-section maximum position department of semi-finishing bistrique, and the external diameter of finishing bistrique II equals the external diameter size of I cross-section maximum position department of finishing bistrique.
A honing method of an inner hole of a cladding made of a composite material with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio comprises the following specific honing process:
inserting a composite material cladding to be ground into a workpiece fixture, inserting the workpiece fixture provided with the composite material cladding into a clamping mechanism and a rotating platform, and axially fixing the workpiece fixture through a clamping jaw of the clamping mechanism;
adjusting the position of the workpiece clamping platform through a driving assembly on the numerical control platform to enable the workpiece clamping platform to be close to one side of the tensioning mechanism;
step three, mounting one end of an ultrasonic conducting wire with a finish machining grinding head on an ultrasonic transducer, and enabling the other end of the ultrasonic conducting wire to penetrate through an inner hole of a composite material cladding mounted on a workpiece clamp and be fixed by a tensioning end of a tensioning mechanism, wherein the tensioning mechanism provides pre-tensioning force;
fourthly, the numerical control platform controls the two groups of photoelectric sensor groups to measure the spatial positions of the ultrasonic transmission line, the composite material cladding and the workpiece fixture, ensures that the three have high-precision coaxiality, and injects a low-melting-point filler into the workpiece fixture through the injection hole and solidifies;
fifthly, the numerical control platform controls the ultrasonic generator to generate stable and reliable ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic transducer drives the ultrasonic conducting wire to vibrate in a stable and large amplitude manner so as to drive the plurality of serially connected grinding heads on the ultrasonic conducting wire to vibrate in an axial high-frequency reciprocating manner;
starting the rotary platform, driving the clamping mechanism to rotate, driving the workpiece clamp and the composite material cladding to rotate by the clamping mechanism, simultaneously driving the composite material cladding to move by the moving platform to realize micro-feeding, and enabling the step-scale grinding tool set which performs reciprocating vibration to contact the composite material cladding to realize reaming;
and step seven, detaching the workpiece fixture from the moving platform, heating the combined body of the workpiece fixture and the composite material cladding to melt the low-melting-point filler, and drawing out the composite material cladding from the workpiece fixture to obtain the high-precision low-damage composite material cladding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, three grinding heads are installed on the ultrasonic transmission line in series, axial high-frequency reciprocating motion is realized under the drive of the ultrasonic transmission line, the three grinding heads and the ultrasonic transmission line jointly form a grinding tool with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio, a chip discharge groove is formed between every two adjacent grinding heads, and processing chips are taken out through the grinding heads.
2. As the composite material cladding is made of anisotropic high-hardness and brittle materials, longitudinal wave ultrasound is introduced, the plurality of grinding heads are connected in series and installed at the antinode position of axial vibration of the ultrasonic conducting wire, the ultrasonic conducting wire drives the grinding heads to realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion, and the grinding materials and the inner hole are removed in intermittent contact, so that the grinding force and the grinding heat generated in the grinding process are reduced, the processing stress is further reduced, and the probability of processing damage of the composite material cladding is reduced.
3. The invention adopts the photoelectric sensor group to ensure the precise positioning of the ultrasonic conducting wire, the composite material cladding and the workpiece clamp, and the high-precision reaming of the composite material cladding is realized by matching with the ultrasonic conducting wire conducting vibration processing, thereby providing a new device and a new method for processing the inner hole of the composite material cladding with super-long and super-large length-diameter ratio.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the workpiece clamping platform;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece clamping platform;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a stepped-scale abrasive tool set mounted on an ultrasound transmission wire.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a numerical control platform; 1-1, a slide rail; 1-2, a driving component; 1-2-1, a screw shaft; 1-2-2, a guide rod; 2. an ultrasonic generator; 3. an ultrasonic transducer; 4. a step scale abrasive tool set; 4-1, roughly machining a grinding head I; 4-2, roughly machining a grinding head II; 4-3, semi-finishing grinding head I; 4-4, semi-finishing grinding head II; 4-5, finish machining grinding head I; 4-6, finish machining grinding head II; 5. an ultrasonic conductive wire; 6. a group of photosensors; 7. a workpiece clamping platform; 7-1, moving the platform; 7-2, a clamping mechanism; 7-3, a workpiece clamp; 7-5, rotating the platform; 8. a tensioning mechanism; 9. a low melting point filler; 10. a composite material cladding.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the application provides a honing device for an inner hole of an ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding, which comprises a numerical control platform 1, a high-frequency reciprocating motion generator a, a stepped scale grinding tool set 4, two photoelectric sensor sets 6 and a workpiece clamping platform 7; the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator A and the workpiece clamping platform 7 are coaxially arranged on the numerical control platform 1 and can move relatively, and the stepped scale grinding tool set 4 is arranged on the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator A and can realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion; the composite material cladding 10 is arranged on the workpiece clamping platform 7 and can rotate at a high speed by taking the central axis of the composite material cladding 10 as an axis, and the stepped scale grinding tool set 4 is used for reaming the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10 with the super-large length-diameter ratio; the two groups of photoelectric sensor groups 6 are used for determining the high-precision coaxiality of the composite material cladding 10, the workpiece clamping platform 7 and the stepped scale grinding tool group 4, and the processing precision of the composite material cladding 10 is guaranteed.
Referring to fig. 1, the numerical control platform 1 in this embodiment provides a supporting platform, and realizes coaxial relative motion between the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator a and the workpiece clamping platform 7, so as to realize that the stepped-scale grinding tool set 4 can axially move along the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10 to perform reaming; specifically, the upper end of the numerical control platform 1 is provided with a slide rail 1-1, the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator A is arranged at the end part of the slide rail 1-1, and the workpiece clamping platform 7 is slidably arranged on the slide rail 1-1 of the numerical control platform 1. A driving assembly 1-2 is arranged on one side of the numerical control platform 1, and the driving assembly 1-2 is used for driving the axial uniform micro-feeding of the workpiece clamping platform 7; preferably, the driving assembly 1-2 comprises a driving motor, a speed reducer, a screw shaft 1-2-1 and a guide rod 1-2-2; the screw shaft 1-2-1 and the guide rod 1-2-2 are arranged side by side up and down, the driving end of a driving motor is connected with the input end of a speed reducer, the output end of the speed reducer is connected with one end of the screw shaft 1-2-1 and drives the screw shaft 1-2-1 to rotate, and one side of the workpiece clamping platform 7 is in threaded connection with the screw shaft 1-2-1 and is in sliding connection with the guide rod 1-2-2; when the driving motor drives the screw shaft 1-2-1 to rotate, the workpiece clamping platform 7 makes low-speed linear motion along the axis direction of the screw shaft 1-2-1, so that the workpiece clamping platform 7 moves along the extension direction of the slide rail 1-1, and the relative motion of the workpiece clamping platform 7 and the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator A is realized.
Referring to fig. 1, the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator a described in the present embodiment includes an ultrasonic generator 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3, an ultrasonic transmission wire 5, and a tensioning mechanism 8; the ultrasonic generator 2 and the tensioning mechanism 8 are respectively and coaxially arranged at two ends of a sliding rail 1-1 on the numerical control platform 1 and positioned at two sides of the workpiece clamping platform 7, wherein the workpiece clamping platform 7 is arranged close to the tensioning mechanism 8; ultrasonic transducer 3 install the ultrasonic wave generation end at ultrasonic generator 2, the drive end at ultrasonic transducer 3 is installed to the one end of ultrasonic conduction line 5, and the other end of ultrasonic conduction line 5 passes the hole of installing composite material cladding 10 on work piece clamping platform 7 to install the tensioning end at straining device 8, ladder yardstick grinding apparatus group 4 suit on ultrasonic conduction line 5 to constitute the mould of super large draw ratio with ultrasonic conduction line 5 jointly, realize the processing of the hole of super large draw ratio. The numerical control platform 1 controls the ultrasonic generator 2 to generate stable and reliable ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic transducer 3 drives the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 to perform stable axial vibration with large amplitude, so that the stepped scale grinding tool set 4 on the ultrasonic conducting wire is driven to perform axial high-frequency reciprocating vibration, the composite material cladding 10 obtains high-speed rotation and continuous micro feeding through the workpiece clamping platform 7, grinding of the stepped scale grinding tool set 4 on the composite material cladding 10 is achieved, and the ultrasonic waves generated by the ultrasonic generator 2 are longitudinal waves.
In the embodiment, the tensioning mechanism 8 achieves tensioning of the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 and ensures that the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 and the composite material cladding 10 always keep high-precision coaxiality in the reaming process.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the workpiece clamping platform 7 in this embodiment includes a moving platform 7-1, two clamping mechanisms 7-2, a workpiece clamp 7-3, and two rotating platforms 7-5; the moving platform 7-1 is used for realizing axial micro-feeding of the composite material cladding 10, the two rotating platforms 7-5 are used for realizing high-speed rotation of the composite material cladding 10, and the clamping mechanism 7-2 and the workpiece clamp 7-3 are used for realizing positioning of the composite material cladding 10. Specifically, the movable platform 7-1 is of an L-shaped structure, a sliding groove matched with the sliding rail 1-1 is formed in the lower surface of a horizontal table top of the movable platform 7-1, and a vertical table top of the movable platform 7-1 is located on the side face of the numerical control platform 1 and is respectively in threaded connection with the screw shaft 1-2-1 and in sliding connection with the guide rod 1-2-2. The two rotary platforms 7-5 are oppositely arranged on the horizontal table surface of the moving platform 7-1, each rotary platform 7-5 is provided with one clamping mechanism 7-2, the two clamping mechanisms 7-2 are oppositely arranged, and the rotary platform 7-5 can drive the clamping mechanisms 7-2 to spin. Each clamping mechanism 7-2 is provided with three clamping jaws which are connected with the clamping mechanism body in a sliding manner, so that the workpiece clamp 7-3 is fixed. The workpiece fixture 7-3 is of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of injection holes 7-3-1 which are arranged side by side are formed in the side wall of the workpiece fixture 7-3; the workpiece fixture 7-3 is axially inserted on the two rotary platforms 7-5 and the two clamping mechanisms 7-2, two ends of the workpiece fixture 7-3 respectively extend out of the outer end faces of the two rotary platforms 7-5 so as to measure the position of the workpiece fixture through the photoelectric sensor group 6, three clamping claws on the two clamping mechanisms 7-2 clamp and position the workpiece fixture 7-3, the coaxiality of the workpiece fixture 7-3 and the ultrasonic wave transmission line 5 is ensured, and the outer diameter of the workpiece fixture 7-3 is smaller than the inner diameters of sockets on the rotary platforms 7-5 and the clamping mechanisms 7-2. The composite material cladding 10 is axially inserted into the workpiece fixture 7-3, an annular cavity is formed between the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece fixture 7-3, two ends of the composite material cladding 10 respectively extend out of end faces of two ends of the workpiece fixture 7-3 so as to measure the position of the composite material cladding by the photoelectric sensor group 6 in the following process, wherein the outer diameter of the composite material cladding 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of an insertion opening of the workpiece fixture 7-3, a low-melting-point filler 9 is filled into the annular cavity between the workpiece fixture 7-3 and the composite material cladding 10 through an injection hole 7-3-1 on the side wall of the workpiece fixture 7-3 and is solidified, and after the solidification is finished, the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece fixture 7-3 are fixed.
It should be noted that in this embodiment, the rotary platform 7-5 is mainly used to provide a mounting position and a supporting strength for the clamping mechanism 7-2, the workpiece fixture 7-3, and the composite material cladding 10, and to ensure that the clamping mechanism 7-2 can rotate at a high speed by taking its central axis as an axis, so that on the basis of satisfying the above purpose and function, there is no special limitation on the specific structure of the whole and local rotary platform 7-5, for example, a driven large gear can be used as a main structure, and the driving motor and the driving small gear drive the rotary platform to rotate, and the clamping mechanism is fixedly connected to one side end face of the driven large gear, so the clamping mechanism can also rotate. Further, the three-jaw chuck structure of the clamping mechanism 7-2 is a conventional structure, and will not be described in detail here.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the photoelectric sensor group 6 in this embodiment includes a plurality of photoelectric sensors arranged side by side, a beam is further installed above the numerical control platform 1, and an installation rod is further installed on the moving platform 7-1, wherein one group of photoelectric sensor group 6 is installed below the beam and right above the ultrasonic conducting wire 5, and is used for determining the position of the ultrasonic conducting wire 5; the other group of photoelectric sensor groups 6 are arranged on the mounting rods on the moving platform 7-1 and are positioned at the side of the workpiece clamp 7-3 and used for determining the positions of the workpiece clamp 7-3 and the composite material cladding 10, the positions detected by the photoelectric sensors are shown in figure 3, and the two groups of photoelectric sensor groups 6 are used for determining whether the distances between the photoelectric sensors and the ultrasonic transmission wire 5, the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece clamp 7-3 are always constant or not, if the distances are always constant, the ultrasonic transmission wire 5, the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece clamp 7-3 can be determined to be always coaxial, so that the phenomenon that the reaming of the composite material cladding 10 is not deviated is guaranteed, and the machining precision of the composite material cladding 10 is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, the step-scale grinding tool set 4 in the present embodiment includes a rough grinding tool set, a semi-finish grinding tool set, and a finish grinding tool set; the rough machining grinding head group, the semi-finish machining grinding head group and the finish machining grinding head group are sequentially connected in series and fixedly installed on the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 from the composite material cladding 10 to the ultrasonic transducer 3 to form a machining grinding tool with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio; the rough machining grinding head group comprises a rough machining grinding head I4-1 and a plurality of rough machining grinding heads II 4-2 which are sequentially connected in series; the semi-finishing grinding head group comprises a semi-finishing grinding head I4-3 and a plurality of semi-finishing grinding heads II 4-4 which are sequentially connected in series; the finish machining grinding head group comprises a finish machining grinding head I4-5 and a plurality of finish machining grinding heads II 4-6 which are sequentially connected in series; the rough machining grinding head I4-1, the semi-finish machining grinding head I4-3 and the finish machining grinding head I4-5 are all circular truncated cone-shaped grinding heads, and the sizes of the circular truncated cone-shaped grinding heads are sequentially increased, so that the inner hole reaming function is realized; the small cross sections of the rough machining grinding head I4-1, the semi-finish machining grinding head I4-3 and the finish machining grinding head I4-5 are arranged towards the direction of the composite material cladding 10, wherein the outer diameter of the small cross section end of the rough machining grinding head I4-1 is smaller than the initial inner diameter of the composite material cladding 10, and the rough machining grinding head I4-1 can conveniently enter an inner hole of the composite material cladding 10; the rough machining grinding head II 4-2, the semi-finish machining grinding head II 4-4 and the finish machining grinding head II 4-6 are cylindrical grinding heads, the contact area between the machining grinding heads and the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10 is increased, and the machining efficiency is improved; the outer diameter of the rough machining grinding head II 4-2 is equal to the outer diameter of the largest position of the section of the rough machining grinding head I4-1, the outer diameter of the semi-finish machining grinding head II 4-4 is equal to the outer diameter of the largest position of the section of the semi-finish machining grinding head I4-3, and the outer diameter of the finish machining grinding head II 4-6 is equal to the outer diameter of the largest position of the section of the finish machining grinding head I4-5. The size of the finish machining grinding head is within the required size and tolerance range of the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10, and the size of the rough machining grinding head is within the blank size and tolerance range of the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10.
In the embodiment, a certain distance is reserved between two adjacent processing grinding heads to be used as a chip groove, and chips generated in the processing process are taken out through the processing grinding heads; the installation position of each processing grinding head is the antinode position of the axial vibration of the ultrasonic transmission line 5, and the antinode position of the ultrasonic transmission line 5 is the position with the maximum wave amplitude, so that the processing grinding heads are installed at the antinode positions, the movement paths of the processing grinding heads can be increased, and the processing efficiency is improved. Simultaneously this application sets up the different processing bistrique of three kinds of precisions to realize the high accuracy processing of combined material cladding 10 hole.
The processing object aimed at by the application is an anisotropic high-hardness and brittle composite material cladding 10, and the abrasion and the damage of the surface of a workpiece are easily caused in the processing process, longitudinal wave ultrasound is introduced through an ultrasonic generator 2, a plurality of grinding heads are serially arranged at the antinode position of the axial vibration of an ultrasonic conduction line, the ultrasonic conduction line drives the processing grinding heads to realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion, the composite material cladding 10 is fed in a trace manner towards the direction of the ultrasonic generator 2, so the processing grinding heads move towards the tail part of the composite material cladding 10 relative to the composite material cladding 10, but due to the characteristic of the axial reciprocating motion of the processing grinding heads, the processing grinding heads actually move a distance towards the tail part of the composite material cladding 10 and then move back a distance (the end part direction of the composite material cladding 10), and because the return stroke section is processed by the processing grinding heads, the inner diameter of the processing grinding heads cannot be processed when the processing grinding heads move back, but empty processing is generated; that is, the processing of the inner hole of the composite material cladding 10 by the processing grinding head is intermittent reciprocating processing, and the abrasive particles on the processing grinding head are removed by intermittent contact with the inner hole; the processing mode is beneficial to reducing the grinding force and the grinding heat generated in the process of grinding the composite material cladding 10 by the processing grinding head, further reducing the processing stress and reducing the probability of processing damage to the composite material cladding 10.
Therefore, the combined mode of the machining grinding head and the ultrasonic transmission line 5 and the vibration generation mode of the machining grinding head are suitable for reaming with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio and machining of high-hardness and brittle materials, a part of inner walls in inner holes of the composite material cladding are removed through axial high-frequency vibration of the rough machining grinding head and high-speed rotation of the composite material cladding, certain machining allowance is reserved, then a part of inner walls are further removed through axial high-frequency vibration of the semi-finish machining grinding head and high-speed rotation of the composite material cladding, grinding precision is improved, finally the last part of inner walls are removed through axial high-frequency vibration of the finish machining grinding head and high-speed rotation of the composite material cladding, and machining requirements of high-precision grinding of the inner holes of the composite material cladding inner holes are met through the three grinding heads.
A honing method of an inner hole of a cladding made of a composite material with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio comprises the following specific honing process:
firstly, inserting a composite material cladding 10 to be ground into a workpiece fixture 7-3 from an insertion opening of the workpiece fixture 7-3 in an axial direction, extending two ends of the composite material cladding 10 out of the workpiece fixture 7-3 to facilitate measurement of the position of the composite material cladding 10, inserting the workpiece fixture 7-3 provided with the composite material cladding 10 into a clamping mechanism 7-2 and a rotating platform 7-5, and axially fixing and radially positioning the workpiece fixture 7-3 through a clamping jaw of the clamping mechanism 7-2;
secondly, adjusting the position of the workpiece clamping platform 7 through a driving assembly 1-2 on the numerical control platform 1 to enable the workpiece clamping platform to be close to one side of the tensioning mechanism 8;
step three, mounting one end of an ultrasonic conducting wire 5 with a finish machining grinding head on an ultrasonic transducer 3, enabling the other end of the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 to penetrate through an inner hole of a composite material cladding 10 mounted on a workpiece clamp 7-3 and fixed by a tensioning end of a tensioning mechanism 8, and enabling the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 to be in a straightened state by the aid of the tensioning mechanism 8;
fourthly, the numerical control platform 1 controls the two groups of photoelectric sensor groups 6 to measure the spatial positions of the ultrasonic transmission line 5, the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece fixture 7-3, ensures that the three have high-precision coaxiality, and then injects a low-melting-point filler 9 into the workpiece fixture 7-3 through the injection hole 7-3-1 and solidifies the filler to fix the composite material cladding 10 and the workpiece fixture 7-3;
fifthly, the numerical control platform 1 controls the ultrasonic generator 2 to generate stable and reliable ultrasonic longitudinal waves, and the ultrasonic transducer 3 drives the ultrasonic conducting wire 5 to perform stable and large-amplitude axial vibration to drive the plurality of serially connected grinding heads to perform axial high-frequency reciprocating vibration;
sixthly, starting the rotary platform 7-5, driving the clamping mechanism 7-2 to rotate, driving the workpiece clamp 7-3 and the composite material cladding 10 to rotate at a certain speed by the clamping mechanism 7-2, and driving the moving platform 7-1 to drive the composite material cladding 10 to move towards the direction of the ultrasonic generator 2 by a driving assembly on the numerical control platform 1, so as to realize micro-feeding; the rough machining grinding head which performs axial reciprocating vibration firstly contacts an inner hole of the composite material cladding 10 and performs reaming, when the rough machining grinding head finishes rough machining, the rough machining grinding head performs semi-finish machining on the reaming, and then the finish machining grinding head performs finish machining on the reaming until the composite material cladding 10 finishes reaming machining and finish machining;
and seventhly, detaching the workpiece fixture 7-3 from the moving platform 7-1, heating a combined body of the workpiece fixture 7-3 and the composite material cladding 10 to melt the low-melting-point filler 9, and then drawing out the composite material cladding 10 from the workpiece fixture 7-3 to obtain the high-precision low-damage composite material cladding 10.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a honing device of super large draw ratio combined material cladding hole which characterized in that: the device comprises a numerical control platform (1), a high-frequency reciprocating motion generator (A), a step scale grinding tool set (4) and a workpiece clamping platform (7); the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator (A) and the workpiece clamping platform (7) are coaxially arranged on the numerical control platform (1) and can move relatively, and the step scale grinding tool set (4) is arranged on the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator (A) and can realize axial high-frequency reciprocating motion; the composite material cladding (10) is arranged on the workpiece clamping platform (7) and can rotate by taking the central axis of the composite material cladding (10) as an axis, and the stepped scale grinding tool set (4) is used for reaming the inner hole of the composite material cladding (10).
2. The honing device of the inner hole of the composite material cladding with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the numerical control machine tool is characterized in that a sliding rail (1-1) is arranged at the upper end of the numerical control platform (1), the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator (A) is installed at the end part of the sliding rail (1-1), the workpiece clamping platform (7) is installed on the sliding rail (1-1) of the numerical control platform (1), a driving assembly (1-2) is arranged on one side of the numerical control platform (1), and the driving assembly (1-2) is used for driving the axial feeding of the workpiece clamping platform (7).
3. The honing device of the inner hole of the ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding of claim 2, characterized in that: the high-frequency reciprocating motion generator (A) comprises an ultrasonic generator (2), an ultrasonic transducer (3), an ultrasonic conducting wire (5) and a tensioning mechanism (8); the ultrasonic generator (2) and the tensioning mechanism (8) are respectively arranged at two ends of an upper sliding rail (1-1) of the numerical control platform (1) and are positioned at two sides of the workpiece clamping platform (7); the ultrasonic transducer (3) is arranged at an ultrasonic generating end of the ultrasonic generator (2), one end of the ultrasonic conducting wire (5) is arranged at a driving end of the ultrasonic transducer (3), and the other end of the ultrasonic conducting wire (5) penetrates through an inner hole of a composite material cladding (10) arranged on a workpiece clamping platform (7) and is arranged at a tensioning end of a tensioning mechanism (8) to realize tensioning of the ultrasonic conducting wire (5); the step-scale grinding tool set (4) is sleeved on the ultrasonic transmission line (5).
4. The honing device of the inner hole of the composite material cladding with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the workpiece clamping platform (7) comprises a moving platform (7-1), two clamping mechanisms (7-2), a workpiece clamp (7-3) and two rotating platforms (7-5); the lower surface of the moving platform (7-1) is provided with a sliding chute matched with the sliding rail (1-1), the two rotating platforms (7-5) are oppositely arranged on the moving platform (7-1), each rotating platform (7-5) is provided with a clamping mechanism (7-2), the two clamping mechanisms (7-2) are oppositely arranged, and the rotating platform (7-5) can drive the clamping mechanisms (7-2) to spin; the workpiece fixture (7-3) is of a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of injection holes (7-3-1) which are arranged side by side are formed in the side wall of the workpiece fixture (7-3); the workpiece fixture (7-3) is axially inserted into the two rotary platforms (7-5) and the two clamping mechanisms (7-2), two ends of the workpiece fixture (7-3) respectively extend out of the end parts of the two rotary platforms (7-5), and the two clamping mechanisms (7-2) clamp and position the workpiece fixture (7-3); the composite material cladding (10) is inserted into the workpiece fixture (7-3), two ends of the composite material cladding (10) respectively extend out of end faces of two ends of the workpiece fixture (7-3), an annular cavity is formed between the composite material cladding (10) and the workpiece fixture (7-3), and a low-melting-point filler (9) is filled into the annular cavity between the workpiece fixture (7-3) and the composite material cladding (10) through the injection hole (7-3-1) and is solidified.
5. The honing device of the inner hole of the ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding of claim 4, wherein: the honing device also comprises two groups of photoelectric sensor groups (6), wherein one group of photoelectric sensor groups (6) is arranged right above the ultrasonic transmission line (5) and used for determining the position of the ultrasonic transmission line (5), and the other group of photoelectric sensor groups (6) is arranged on the side of the workpiece clamp (7-3) and used for determining the positions of the composite material cladding (10) and the workpiece clamp (7-3).
6. The honing device of the inner hole of the ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding of claim 5, wherein: the step-scale grinding tool set (4) comprises a rough machining grinding head set, a semi-finish machining grinding head set and a finish machining grinding head set; the rough machining grinding head group, the semi-finish machining grinding head group and the finish machining grinding head group are sequentially connected in series and fixedly installed on the ultrasonic conducting wire (5) from the composite material cladding (10) to the direction of the ultrasonic transducer (3) to form a machining grinding tool with an ultra-large length-diameter ratio; the mounting position of each processing grinding head is the antinode position of the axial vibration of the ultrasonic transmission line (5).
7. The honing device of the inner hole of the ultra-large length-diameter ratio composite material cladding of claim 6, wherein: the rough machining grinding head group comprises a rough machining grinding head I (4-1) and a plurality of rough machining grinding heads II (4-2) which are sequentially connected in series; the semi-finishing grinding head group comprises a semi-finishing grinding head I (4-3) and a plurality of semi-finishing grinding heads II (4-4) which are sequentially connected in series; the finish machining grinding head group comprises a finish machining grinding head I (4-5) and a plurality of finish machining grinding heads II (4-6) which are sequentially connected in series; a certain distance is reserved between two adjacent processing grinding heads to be used as a chip groove;
the rough machining grinding head I (4-1), the semi-finish machining grinding head I (4-3) and the finish machining grinding head I (4-5) are all circular truncated cone-shaped grinding heads, and the sizes of the rough machining grinding head I (4-1), the semi-finish machining grinding head I (4-3) and the finish machining grinding head I (4-5) are sequentially increased; the small cross sections of the rough machining grinding head I (4-1), the semi-finish machining grinding head I (4-3) and the finish machining grinding head I (4-5) are arranged towards the direction of the composite material cladding (10), wherein the outer diameter of the small cross section end of the rough machining grinding head I (4-1) is smaller than the initial inner diameter of the composite material cladding (10);
the rough machining grinding head II (4-2), the semi-finish machining grinding head II (4-4) and the finish machining grinding head II (4-6) are cylindrical grinding heads; the outer diameter of the rough machining grinding head II (4-2) is equal to the outer diameter of the maximum position of the section of the rough machining grinding head I (4-1), the outer diameter of the semi-finish machining grinding head II (4-4) is equal to the outer diameter of the maximum position of the section of the semi-finish machining grinding head I (4-3), and the outer diameter of the finish machining grinding head II (4-6) is equal to the outer diameter of the maximum position of the section of the finish machining grinding head I (4-5).
8. The honing method for processing the inner hole of the cladding of the composite material with the ultra-large length-diameter ratio by using the honing device as claimed in claim 7 comprises the following specific honing processes:
inserting a composite material cladding (10) to be ground into a workpiece fixture (7-3), inserting the workpiece fixture (7-3) provided with the composite material cladding (10) into a clamping mechanism (7-2) and a rotating platform (7-5), and axially fixing the workpiece fixture (7-3) through a clamping jaw of the clamping mechanism (7-2);
adjusting the position of a workpiece clamping platform (7) through a driving assembly (1-2) on the numerical control platform (1) to enable the workpiece clamping platform to be close to one side of a tensioning mechanism (8);
step three, mounting one end of an ultrasonic transmission line (5) with a finish machining grinding head on an ultrasonic transducer (3), and enabling the other end of the ultrasonic transmission line (5) to penetrate through an inner hole of a composite material cladding (10) mounted on a workpiece clamp (7-3) and fixed by a tensioning end of a tensioning mechanism (8), wherein the tensioning mechanism (8) provides a pre-tensioning force;
fourthly, the numerical control platform (1) controls the two groups of photoelectric sensor groups (6) to measure the spatial positions of the ultrasonic transmission line (5), the composite material cladding (10) and the workpiece fixture (7-3) to ensure that the three parts have high-precision coaxiality, and then the low-melting-point filler (9) is injected into the workpiece fixture (7-3) through the injection hole (7-3-1) and cured;
fifthly, the numerical control platform (1) controls the ultrasonic generator (2) to generate stable and reliable ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic transducer (3) drives the ultrasonic conducting wire (5) to vibrate in a stable and large amplitude manner so as to drive a plurality of serially connected machining grinding heads on the ultrasonic conducting wire to vibrate in an axial high-frequency reciprocating manner;
the rotary platform (7-5) is started, the clamping mechanism (7-2) is driven to rotate, the clamping mechanism (7-2) drives the workpiece clamp (7-3) and the composite material cladding (10) to rotate, meanwhile, the moving platform (7-1) drives the composite material cladding (10) to move to achieve micro-feeding, and the machining grinding head which performs reciprocating vibration contacts the composite material cladding (10) to achieve reaming machining;
and seventhly, detaching the workpiece clamp (7-3) from the moving platform (7-1), heating the combined body of the workpiece clamp (7-3) and the composite material cladding (10) to melt the low-melting-point filler (9), and then drawing out the composite material cladding (10) from the workpiece clamp (7-3) to obtain the high-precision low-damage composite material cladding (10).
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