CN115459585B - Converter box grounding design method based on electromagnetic interference model - Google Patents
Converter box grounding design method based on electromagnetic interference model Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grounding design method of a converter box body based on an electromagnetic interference model, the method realizes the prediction of the electromagnetic interference of the power circuit of the subway traction system to the electromagnetic interference coupling model of the power circuit of the low-voltage power supply port. Based on an electromagnetic interference coupling model, the invention calculates the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the converter box body under the conditions of different grounding point positions and grounding wire impedance in a simulation manner, designs an optimized grounding scheme of the converter box body, and inhibits the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port, so that the invention provides a theoretical basis for modeling and optimizing the electromagnetic interference coupling of the converter box body of the high-power electronic system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grounding design of converter boxes, and particularly relates to a grounding design method of a converter box based on an electromagnetic interference model.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the power electronics technology, the subway traction system is widely applied to modern traffic by virtue of the advantages of cleanness, energy conservation and high efficiency. However, high-speed switching of the power device can produce high dv/dt and di/dt, which can lead to severe electromagnetic interference (electromagnetic interference, EMI). The traction inverter and the controller of the subway traction system are arranged in the same converter box body, the layout inside the converter box body is compact, and electromagnetic coupling among the traction inverter, the controller and the converter box body is complex. Electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit can be coupled to the control circuit through the converter box body, so that normal operation of the driving circuit, the sampling circuit and other low-voltage electronic equipment in the controller is threatened, and safe and reliable operation of the system is affected.
In order to suppress electromagnetic interference coupled to the control circuit, a filter element such as an inductor, a capacitor and the like is generally added to a low-voltage power supply port of the box body; the method of suppressing electromagnetic interference at the power supply port is often empirical due to lack of knowledge of the noise coupling mechanism. In addition, electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit can be coupled to a low-voltage power line through a converter box, and different grounding modes of the converter box can influence the amplitude of the electromagnetic interference of a low-voltage power port; without ground optimization of the converter tank, the cost of the low voltage power port EMI filter may be increased. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the noise coupling mechanism of electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit and transmitted to the low-voltage power line through the converter box and the grounding optimization method of the converter box based on the electromagnetic interference coupling model.
For modeling of electromagnetic interference of a power converter, high-frequency models of components such as a power device, a cable and a motor in a system can be respectively built, and then a detailed circuit model is built according to a circuit structure of the system. In terms of a power electronic system noise coupling mechanism, a literature "CHEN H,WANG T,YE S,et al.Modeling and suppression of electromagnetic interference noise on motor resolver of electric vehicle[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2021,63(3):720–729" researches a noise coupling mechanism that electromagnetic interference generated by a motor drive system power circuit propagates to a rotary-transformer circuit, establishes an electromagnetic interference coupling model of the motor drive system power circuit to the rotary-transformer circuit, and proposes a quantitative design method of an EMI filter of the rotary-transformer circuit based on the electromagnetic interference coupling model. In addition, the existing research on the aspect of grounding optimization mainly aims at grounding of an internal circuit of a system, literature "XU J,WANG S.Investigating a guard trace ring to suppress the crosstalk due to a clock trace on a power electronics DSP control board[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2015,57(3):546–554" researches a mechanism of restraining crosstalk caused by clock wiring by a guard ring on a DSP control board of a power electronic system, establishes an equivalent circuit model of the clock wiring and the guard ring thereof, and analyzes performances of the guard rings in different grounding modes based on the equivalent circuit model. However, there are few studies relating to modeling of electromagnetic interference coupling and optimization of ground for high power electronic system converter boxes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a grounding design method for a converter box body based on an electromagnetic interference model, which can effectively inhibit electromagnetic interference of a low-voltage power supply port.
A converter box grounding design method based on an electromagnetic interference model comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing electromagnetic interference of a box body low-voltage power supply port under two conditions of working and non-working of the traction inverter respectively, and analyzing main sources of the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port;
(2) Analyzing loop impedance of the inverter power circuit to the electromagnetic interference coupling path of the power supply port to determine a main electromagnetic interference coupling path;
(3) Establishing a coupling model of an IGBT module and a converter box body in the traction inverter, a coupling model of a low-voltage power line and the converter box body and a high-frequency model of the converter box body;
(4) Establishing an electromagnetic interference coupling model of a power circuit of the subway traction system to a power supply port according to the model obtained in the step (3) and a high-frequency model of other related components in the subway traction system;
(5) Based on the electromagnetic interference coupling model, electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the converter box body under the conditions of different grounding point positions and different grounding wire impedances is calculated in a simulation mode, and then an optimized grounding scheme of the converter box body is determined.
Further, in the step (1), an EMI receiver is used in cooperation with a LISN (LINE IMPEDANCE Stabilization Network, line impedance stabilizing network) to test electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port, and the main source of electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port is analyzed by comparing the amplitude of electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port under the two conditions that the traction inverter works and does not work.
Further, the criteria for analyzing the main source of electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port in the step (1) are as follows: compared with the condition that the traction inverter does not work, when the traction inverter works, if the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference is increased, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is judged to be mainly generated by an IGBT module in the traction inverter; compared with the condition that the traction inverter does not work, when the traction inverter works, if the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference does not change obviously, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is judged to be mainly generated by a MOSFET in the DC-DC converter of the control circuit, and if the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is lower than a conduction emission limit value, the electromagnetic interference can be ignored.
Further, in the step (2), the inverter power circuit has two electromagnetic interference coupling paths to the low voltage power supply port, one of the two electromagnetic interference coupling paths is sequentially coupled to the low voltage power supply port through a parasitic capacitor between the IGBT module and the substrate, a radiator, a converter box, a controller housing, a common mode capacitor between the low voltage power supply line and the control circuit ground, and the other is coupled to the low voltage power supply port through a driving circuit in the controller.
Further, the specific implementation manner of establishing the coupling model of the IGBT module and the converter box in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, connecting an inductor in parallel between a collector and an emitter of an IGBT module, then using an impedance analyzer to respectively test the impedance between the collector and the emitter and the impedance between the collector and a substrate, and finally adopting a nonlinear least square method to extract parameters of a coupling model of the IGBT module and a converter box body.
Further, the specific implementation manner of establishing the coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, impedance between a low-voltage power line and a converter box body is tested by using an impedance analyzer, and then, parameters of a coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box body are extracted by adopting a genetic algorithm.
Further, the specific implementation manner of establishing the high-frequency model of the converter box in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, a three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the converter box body is built in finite element simulation software, then a sweep frequency mode is adopted to simulate and extract high-frequency impedance parameters of the converter box body, and further a converter box body high-frequency model which changes along with frequency is built.
Further, other relevant components in the subway traction system comprise a direct current power supply (1500V), a direct current side cable, an IGBT module, a busbar structural member, a supporting capacitor, an alternating current side cable, a traction motor, a grounding wire and a LISN.
Further, for a direct current power supply and a direct current side cable, an equivalent circuit model of the direct current power supply and the direct current side cable is established by online testing of the voltage and the current of the input side of the traction inverter; for the alternating-current side cable and the traction motor, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the alternating-current side cable and the traction motor by testing the voltage and the current of the output side of the traction inverter on line; for the IGBT module, performing double pulse test on the IGBT module, and establishing a high-frequency model of the IGBT module by combining a data manual of the IGBT module; for the high-frequency model of the busbar structural member, the establishing method is the same as that of the high-frequency model of the converter box body; for passive elements such as supporting capacitors, ground lines and LISNs, impedance analyzers are used to test their impedance characteristics and to build high frequency models of these passive elements.
Further, the electromagnetic interference coupling model includes an impedance Z C of a parasitic capacitance between a collector of the IGBT module and the substrate, an impedance Z E of a parasitic capacitance between an emitter of the IGBT module and the substrate, an impedance Z T between a low-voltage power line and a converter box, an equivalent impedance Z PG between a positive line on an input side of the traction inverter and a ground plane, an equivalent impedance Z NG between a negative line on the input side of the traction inverter and the ground plane, an equivalent impedance Z PN between a positive line on the input side of the traction inverter and the negative line, equivalent impedances Z UG、ZVG and Z WG between UVW three phases on the output side of the traction inverter and the ground plane, equivalent impedances Z U、ZV and Z W between UVW three phases on the output side of the traction inverter and a neutral point, ground line impedances Z G1、ZG2 and Z G3 at different grounding point positions of the converter box, and impedances Z 1、Z2、Z3 and Z 4 existing in the converter box itself.
Further, in the step (5), for different grounding point positions and different grounding line impedances, the time domain waveform of the voltage on the 50Ω resistor in the LISN is simulated, and the time domain waveform data obtained by the simulation is processed by adopting an EMI receiver algorithm, so as to obtain electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port.
The invention realizes the prediction of the electromagnetic interference of the power circuit of the subway traction system to the electromagnetic interference coupling model of the power circuit of the low-voltage power supply port. Based on an electromagnetic interference coupling model, the invention calculates the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the converter box body under the conditions of different grounding point positions and grounding wire impedance in a simulation manner, designs an optimized grounding scheme of the converter box body, and inhibits the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port, so that the invention provides a theoretical basis for modeling and optimizing the electromagnetic interference coupling of the converter box body of the high-power electronic system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a grounding design method for a converter box body according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph comparing positive line electromagnetic interference of a power supply port when the traction inverter is operating and when the traction inverter is not operating.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power circuit versus low power supply port electromagnetic interference coupling path.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic interference coupling model of a subway traction system power circuit to a low-voltage power supply port.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of the measured and simulated common mode currents of the power supply ports.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the converter housing and the grounding point.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a conventional grounding scheme of a converter box.
Fig. 8 is a simulated positive line electromagnetic interference contrast diagram of a power supply port after the converter box body is grounded through 3 flat belts at different grounding point positions.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an optimized grounding scheme for a converter box.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing the comparison of the positive electromagnetic interference of the power supply port under the conventional grounding scheme and the optimized grounding scheme obtained by actual measurement.
Detailed Description
In order to more particularly describe the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical scheme of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the grounding design method of the converter box body based on the electromagnetic interference model specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And respectively testing electromagnetic interference of the box body low-voltage power supply port under the two conditions of working and non-working of the traction inverter, and analyzing the main source of the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port.
In this embodiment, the EMI receiver is used in conjunction with the LISN to test the electromagnetic interference of the low voltage power supply port, and since the magnitude of the positive line electromagnetic interference is close to the magnitude of the negative line electromagnetic interference, only the electromagnetic interference of the positive line when the traction inverter is operating is compared to the electromagnetic interference of the positive line when the traction inverter is not operating is shown in fig. 2. It can be seen that, compared with the situation that the traction inverter does not work, when the traction inverter works, the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference is increased in the frequency range of 150 kHz-20 MHz, which indicates that the electromagnetic interference of the frequency band low-voltage power supply port is mainly generated by IGBT in the traction inverter; in the frequency range of 20 MHz-30 MHz, the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference has no obvious change, which indicates that the electromagnetic interference of the frequency band low-voltage power supply port is mainly generated by MOSFET in the DC-DC converter.
The transmission limit value specified in GB/T24338.4-2018 is shown in figure 2, and electromagnetic interference of a low-voltage power supply port when the traction inverter works is compared with the transmission limit value, so that the electromagnetic interference of a part of frequency band low-voltage power supply ports exceeds the limit value. In addition, the amplitude of electromagnetic interference of the 20 MHz-30 MHz frequency band low-voltage power supply port is smaller, and electromagnetic interference generated by MOSFET in the DC-DC converter does not cause the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port to exceed the standard. Therefore, electromagnetic interference generated by MOSFETs in the DC-DC converter can be ignored, and only electromagnetic interference generated by IGBTs in the traction inverter is considered.
(2) And analyzing loop impedance of the inverter power circuit to the electromagnetic interference coupling path of the low-voltage power supply port to determine a main electromagnetic interference coupling path.
In this embodiment, the power circuit has 2 electromagnetic interference coupling paths to the power supply port. For the 1 st coupling path, electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit is coupled to a power supply port through parasitic capacitance between the IGBT module and the substrate, a radiator, a converter box, a controller shell, a common mode capacitance between a power supply line and a control circuit ground; for the 2 nd coupling path, electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit is coupled to the low voltage power supply port through a driving circuit in the controller.
The traction inverter is provided with 6 IGBT modules, the total parasitic capacitance between the 6 IGBT modules and the substrate is larger, the substrate of each IGBT module is in direct contact with the surface of a radiator, and the radiator is connected with the converter box body; in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz, the impedance between the IGBT module and the converter box body is smaller. In addition, a plurality of DC-DC converters are arranged in the controller, a plurality of common mode capacitors are added at the front stage of each DC-DC converter, and parasitic parameters exist between the power supply line and the ground of the control circuit; the impedance between the low-voltage power line and the converter box is also small in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz.
In contrast, in order to suppress electromagnetic interference generated by the IGBTs in the power circuit from being coupled to the low-voltage power line through the driving circuit, optical coupling isolation is adopted between the driving signal and the driving circuit. In addition, a plurality of common-mode inductances are added in the driving circuit, so that the loop impedance of the driving circuit is increased; in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz, the loop impedance of the 2 nd coupling path is larger than the loop impedance of the 1 st coupling path. Thus, the electromagnetic interference generated by the power circuit is mainly coupled to the low-voltage power supply port through the 1 st coupling path, and the electromagnetic interference coupling path of the power circuit to the low-voltage power supply port is shown by the arrow dotted line in fig. 3.
(3) And establishing a coupling model of the IGBT module and the converter box body in the traction inverter, a coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box body and a high-frequency model of the converter box body.
In this embodiment, an inductance is connected in parallel between the collector and the emitter of the IGBT module, and an impedance analyzer is used to test the impedance between the collector and the emitter and the impedance between the collector and the substrate, and a nonlinear least square method is used to extract parameters of a coupling model of the IGBT module and the converter box. And (3) using an impedance analyzer to test the impedance between the low-voltage power line and the converter box body, and extracting parameters of a coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box body by adopting a genetic algorithm. And establishing a three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the converter box body in finite element simulation software, and adopting a sweep frequency mode to simulate and extract high-frequency impedance parameters of the converter box body to establish a converter box body high-frequency model which changes along with frequency.
(4) And (3) establishing an electromagnetic interference coupling model of the power circuit of the subway traction system to the low-voltage power supply port according to the model obtained in the step (3) and a high-frequency model of other related components in the subway traction system.
In this embodiment, an equivalent circuit model of a 1500V dc power supply and a dc side cable is built by testing the voltage and current at the input side of the traction inverter on line. And an equivalent circuit model of the alternating-current cable and the traction motor is built by testing the voltage and the current of the output side of the traction inverter on line. And (3) carrying out double pulse test on the IGBT module, and establishing a high-frequency model of the IGBT module by combining a data manual of the IGBT module. And similar to the method for establishing the high-frequency model of the converter box body, establishing the high-frequency model of the busbar structural member. And for passive elements such as a supporting capacitor, a grounding wire and the like, an impedance characteristic curve of the passive elements is tested by using an impedance analyzer, and a high-frequency model of the passive elements is built.
Based on an electromagnetic interference coupling model of a converter box body and a high-frequency model of other parts of a subway traction system, an electromagnetic interference coupling model of a power circuit to a low-voltage power supply port is built, as shown in fig. 4, Z C is impedance of parasitic capacitance C C between a collector of an IGBT module and a substrate, Z E is impedance of parasitic capacitance C E between an emitter of the IGBT module and the substrate, Z T is impedance between a low-voltage power supply line and the converter box body, Z PG is equivalent impedance between a 1500V positive line and a ground plane of an input side 1500V of a traction inverter, Z NG is equivalent impedance between a 1500V negative line and the ground plane of the input side 1500V of the traction inverter, Z UG、ZVG、ZWG is equivalent impedance between a U-phase ground plane, a V-phase ground plane and a W-phase ground plane of the traction inverter respectively, Z U、ZV、ZW is equivalent impedance between a U-phase neutral point, a V-phase neutral point and a W-phase neutral point of the traction inverter respectively, and Z G1、ZG2、ZG3 is grounding ground line of different positions of the converter box body. In addition, the high-frequency impedance parameters of the converter box are extracted by using finite element simulation software, and in order to simplify the schematic diagram of the electromagnetic interference coupling model, the impedance existing in the converter box itself is represented by using Z 1、Z2、Z3、Z4 in fig. 4.
And the common mode current spectrum of the power supply port is calculated in a simulation mode in circuit simulation software, and compared with the actual measurement result, as shown in fig. 5. It can be seen that in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz, the common mode current spectrum amplitude of each port obtained based on simulation of the electromagnetic interference coupling model can be well matched with the common mode current spectrum amplitude of each port obtained through actual measurement.
(5) Based on the electromagnetic interference coupling model, electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the converter box body under the conditions of different grounding point positions and different grounding wire impedances is calculated in a simulation mode, and then an optimized grounding scheme of the converter box body is determined.
In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a converter box of a subway traction system is arranged in the middle of the converter box; the conventional grounding scheme is to select the point G 0 above the left side of the converter box body to be grounded through a 1m line, as shown in fig. 7. In order to compare the influence of different grounding point positions on electromagnetic interference of a power supply port, the positions of the grounding points of the converter box body are shown in fig. 6, wherein the positions of the grounding points are selected from the lower G 1 point on the left side, the lower G 2 point on the middle side and the lower G 3 point on the right side of the converter box body.
Based on an electromagnetic interference coupling model, the time domain waveforms of the voltage on the 50Ω resistor in the LISN after the G 1 point, the G 2 point and the G 3 point are grounded through 1m lines are respectively simulated, and after the time domain data obtained through simulation are processed by adopting an EMI receiver algorithm, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is basically the same after the converter box body is grounded through 1m lines at different grounding point positions and exceeds the conduction emission limit value. Therefore, it is considered to select a flat tape with smaller parasitic inductance for grounding.
And respectively simulating time domain waveforms of voltages on 50 omega resistors in the LISN after the points G 1, G 2 and G 3 are grounded through 3 flat belts, and processing the time domain data obtained through simulation by adopting an EMI receiver algorithm. Simulation shows that the suppression effect of the positive line electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the G 2 point through 3 flat belts is best, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the power supply is lower than the conduction emission limit value, and a certain margin is reserved. Thus, the G 2 point was finally selected as an optimized ground scheme via 3 flat strips, as shown in fig. 9.
Electromagnetic interference of the power supply port after adopting the optimized grounding scheme is tested by using the EMI receiver in combination with the LISN, and the electromagnetic interference is compared with the test result adopting the conventional grounding scheme. As the amplitude of the positive line electromagnetic interference is close to that of the negative line electromagnetic interference, only the electromagnetic interference of the positive line after the conventional grounding scheme is compared with that of the positive line after the optimized grounding scheme is adopted, as shown in fig. 10, compared with the conventional grounding scheme, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port after the optimized grounding scheme is adopted is obviously inhibited; in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz, the electromagnetic interference of the positive line and the negative line is lower than the conduction emission limit value, and the effectiveness of the optimized grounding scheme is verified.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be readily made and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A converter box grounding design method based on an electromagnetic interference model comprises the following steps:
(1) Testing electromagnetic interference of a box body low-voltage power supply port under two conditions of working and non-working of the traction inverter respectively, and analyzing main sources of the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port;
(2) Analyzing loop impedance of the inverter power circuit to the electromagnetic interference coupling path of the power supply port to determine a main electromagnetic interference coupling path;
(3) Establishing a coupling model of an IGBT module and a converter box body in the traction inverter, a coupling model of a low-voltage power line and the converter box body and a high-frequency model of the converter box body;
(4) Establishing an electromagnetic interference coupling model of a power circuit of the subway traction system to a power supply port according to the model obtained in the step (3) and a high-frequency model of other related components in the subway traction system;
Other related components in the subway traction system comprise a direct current power supply, a direct current side cable, an IGBT module, a busbar structural member, a supporting capacitor, an alternating current side cable, a traction motor, a grounding wire and a LISN; for a direct-current power supply and a direct-current side cable, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the direct-current power supply and the direct-current side cable by testing the voltage and the current of the input side of the traction inverter on line; for the alternating-current side cable and the traction motor, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the alternating-current side cable and the traction motor by testing the voltage and the current of the output side of the traction inverter on line; for the IGBT module, performing double pulse test on the IGBT module, and establishing a high-frequency model of the IGBT module by combining a data manual of the IGBT module; for the high-frequency model of the busbar structural member, the establishing method is the same as that of the high-frequency model of the converter box body; for passive elements such as a supporting capacitor, a grounding wire and a LISN, an impedance analyzer is used for testing an impedance characteristic curve of the passive elements, and then a high-frequency model of the passive elements is established;
The electromagnetic interference coupling model comprises an impedance Z C of a parasitic capacitance between a collector of the IGBT module and a substrate, an impedance Z E of a parasitic capacitance between an emitter of the IGBT module and the substrate, an impedance Z T between a low-voltage power line and a converter box body, an equivalent impedance Z PG between a positive line of an input side of the traction inverter and a ground plane, an equivalent impedance Z NG between a negative line of the input side of the traction inverter and the ground plane, an equivalent impedance Z PN between the positive line of the input side of the traction inverter and the negative line, equivalent impedances Z UG、ZVG and Z WG between three phases of an output side UVW of the traction inverter and the ground plane, equivalent impedances Z U、ZV and Z W between three phases of the output side UVW of the traction inverter and a neutral point, ground line impedances Z G1、ZG2 and Z G3 of different grounding point positions of the converter box body, and impedances Z 1、Z2、Z3 and Z 4 existing in the converter box body;
(5) Based on the electromagnetic interference coupling model, electromagnetic interference of the power supply port of the converter box body under the conditions of different grounding point positions and different grounding wire impedances is calculated in a simulation mode, and then an optimized grounding scheme of the converter box body is determined.
2. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: and (2) in the step (1), an electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port is tested by using an EMI receiver in combination with the LISN, and the main source of the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port is analyzed by comparing the amplitude of the electromagnetic interference of the low-voltage power supply port under the two conditions of working and non-working of the traction inverter.
3. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: the standard for analyzing the main source of electromagnetic interference of the power supply port in the step (1) is as follows: compared with the condition that the traction inverter does not work, when the traction inverter works, if the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference is increased, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is judged to be mainly generated by an IGBT module in the traction inverter; compared with the condition that the traction inverter does not work, when the traction inverter works, if the amplitude of positive line electromagnetic interference does not change obviously, the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is judged to be mainly generated by a MOSFET in the DC-DC converter of the control circuit, and if the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port is lower than a conduction emission limit value, the electromagnetic interference is ignored.
4. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the inverter power circuit has two electromagnetic interference coupling paths to the low-voltage power port, wherein one of the two electromagnetic interference coupling paths is sequentially coupled to the low-voltage power port through parasitic capacitance between the IGBT module and the substrate, the radiator, the converter box, the controller housing, the common mode capacitance between the low-voltage power line and the control circuit ground, and the other electromagnetic interference coupling path is coupled to the low-voltage power port through the driving circuit in the controller.
5. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: the specific implementation mode for establishing the coupling model of the IGBT module and the converter box body in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, connecting an inductor in parallel between a collector and an emitter of an IGBT module, then using an impedance analyzer to respectively test the impedance between the collector and the emitter and the impedance between the collector and a substrate, and finally adopting a nonlinear least square method to extract parameters of a coupling model of the IGBT module and a converter box body.
6. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: the specific implementation mode of establishing the coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, impedance between a low-voltage power line and a converter box body is tested by using an impedance analyzer, and then, parameters of a coupling model of the low-voltage power line and the converter box body are extracted by adopting a genetic algorithm.
7. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: the specific implementation mode of establishing the high-frequency model of the converter box body in the step (3) is as follows: firstly, a three-dimensional electromagnetic model of the converter box body is built in finite element simulation software, then a sweep frequency mode is adopted to simulate and extract high-frequency impedance parameters of the converter box body, and further a converter box body high-frequency model which changes along with frequency is built.
8. The converter housing grounding design method of claim 1, wherein: and (3) under the conditions of different grounding point positions and different grounding wire impedances, simulating the time domain waveform of the voltage on the 50Ω resistor in the LISN, and processing the time domain waveform data obtained through simulation by adopting an EMI receiver algorithm, thereby obtaining the electromagnetic interference of the power supply port.
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