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CN115446239B - Upsetting device and upsetting method - Google Patents

Upsetting device and upsetting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115446239B
CN115446239B CN202211014479.5A CN202211014479A CN115446239B CN 115446239 B CN115446239 B CN 115446239B CN 202211014479 A CN202211014479 A CN 202211014479A CN 115446239 B CN115446239 B CN 115446239B
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sleeve
limiting
bar
upsetting
lower die
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CN115446239A (en
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胡志力
华林
曹洁成
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08Upsetting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21JFORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02Dies or mountings therefor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

本发明包括一种镦粗成型装备,用以镦粗棒料,包括凸模、套筒、限制模具、弹簧、下模以及下模座,所述下模座上设置有内腔,所述下模安装在所述内腔的底部,所述限制模具有两个均滑动安装在所述内腔中,两个所述限制模具分别通过所述弹簧与所述下模连接,两个所述限制模具相对一侧对应开有限位槽,所述套筒安装在所述限位槽中且能够拆卸,所述棒料套装在所述套筒中,所述凸模位于所述套筒上部。本发明还包括利用所述成型设备的镦粗成型方法。本发明能够防止在加工大高径比的棒料时形成双鼓形结构,且本发明能够一次加工成型哑铃形结构坯料。

The present invention includes an upsetting forming equipment for upsetting bar stock, including a punch, a sleeve, a limiting die, a spring, a lower die and a lower die seat, the lower die seat is provided with an inner cavity, the lower die is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity, two limiting dies are slidably installed in the inner cavity, the two limiting dies are respectively connected to the lower die through the spring, the two limiting dies have corresponding limiting grooves on opposite sides, the sleeve is installed in the limiting groove and can be disassembled, the bar stock is sleeved in the sleeve, and the punch is located on the upper part of the sleeve. The present invention also includes an upsetting forming method using the forming equipment. The present invention can prevent the formation of a double drum structure when processing bar stock with a large aspect ratio, and the present invention can process and form dumbbell-shaped structural blanks at one time.

Description

一种镦粗成型装备以及镦粗成型方法Upsetting forming equipment and upsetting forming method

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于金属锻造技术领域,具体涉及一种镦粗成型装备以及镦粗成型方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of metal forging, and in particular relates to upsetting forming equipment and an upsetting forming method.

背景技术Background Art

镦粗作为最基本的塑性成型步骤,在金属的锻造、挤压、轧制等主要塑性成型工艺中发挥着关键作用,镦粗的效果对于塑性成型毛坯和锻件的几何精度和组织性能都有着重要的影响。As the most basic plastic forming step, upsetting plays a key role in the main plastic forming processes of metal forging, extrusion, rolling, etc. The effect of upsetting has an important influence on the geometric accuracy and microstructure properties of plastic formed blanks and forgings.

为了实现大型锻件高性能制造,通常需要通过大塑性变形来尽可能消除坯料的原始缺陷、改善内部组织状态、提升综合力学性能。要实现上述目的,需要大镦粗比镦粗来支撑。然而,通常当金属坯料高径比超过2.5,此种大高径比的坯料镦粗时较大概率会出现如附图1的“双鼓形”结构,此种“双鼓形”结构中,两个鼓形交界地带棒料实际并未变粗,在后续锻造过程中容易造成该部分缺料,导致锻件无法加工成型。In order to achieve high-performance manufacturing of large forgings, it is usually necessary to eliminate the original defects of the blank as much as possible, improve the internal organizational state, and enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties through large plastic deformation. To achieve the above goals, a large upsetting ratio is required to support it. However, usually when the aspect ratio of the metal blank exceeds 2.5, there is a high probability that a "double drum" structure as shown in Figure 1 will appear when the billet with such a large aspect ratio is upset. In this "double drum" structure, the bar material at the junction of the two drums is not actually thickened, which is easy to cause material shortage in this part during the subsequent forging process, resulting in the inability to process and form the forging.

此外,在制作一些两端大中间小的零件时,需要制作哑铃形的坯料,传统的镦粗方法在制作哑铃形坯料时需要对棒料进行多步镦粗,先将一头镦大,再倒过来镦粗另一头,这意味着至少需要进行两次升温、保温、镦粗工作,效率较低。In addition, when making some parts that are larger at both ends and smaller in the middle, dumbbell-shaped blanks need to be made. The traditional upsetting method requires multi-step upsetting of the bar when making dumbbell-shaped blanks. First, one end is upset, and then the other end is upset. This means that at least two steps of heating, heat preservation, and upsetting are required, which is inefficient.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明目的是解决大高径比金属坯料在镦粗时容易形成双鼓形结构,以及哑铃形结构坯料需要多次镦粗的问题。The invention aims to solve the problem that a metal blank with a large aspect ratio is prone to form a double-drum structure during upsetting, and a dumbbell-shaped blank needs to be upset multiple times.

为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

一种镦粗成型装备,用以镦粗棒料,包括凸模、套筒、限制模具、弹簧、下模以及下模座,所述下模座上设置有内腔,所述下模安装在所述内腔的底部,所述限制模具有两个均滑动安装在所述内腔中,两个所述限制模具分别通过所述弹簧与所述下模连接,两个所述限制模具相对一侧对应开有限位槽,所述套筒安装在所述限位槽中且能够拆卸,所述棒料套装在所述套筒中,所述凸模位于所述套筒上部。A roughing forming equipment is used for roughing bar stock, comprising a punch, a sleeve, a limiting die, a spring, a lower die and a lower die seat, wherein the lower die seat is provided with an inner cavity, the lower die is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity, two limiting dies are slidably installed in the inner cavity, the two limiting dies are respectively connected to the lower die through the spring, limiting grooves are correspondingly provided on opposite sides of the two limiting dies, the sleeve is installed in the limiting groove and can be disassembled, the bar stock is sleeved in the sleeve, and the punch is located on the upper part of the sleeve.

进一步地,所述套筒的热膨胀系数小于棒料的热膨胀系数。Furthermore, the thermal expansion coefficient of the sleeve is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the rod.

优选地,所述套筒厚度为1~20mm。Preferably, the sleeve has a thickness of 1 to 20 mm.

优选地,所述套筒采用钛合金材质。Preferably, the sleeve is made of titanium alloy.

优选地,所述凸模采用耐高温合金材质。Preferably, the punch is made of high temperature resistant alloy.

优选地,所述限制模具采用耐高温陶瓷材质。Preferably, the limiting mold is made of high temperature resistant ceramic material.

本发明还包括利用所述镦粗成型装备的镦粗成型方法,包括如下步骤:The present invention also includes an upsetting forming method using the upsetting forming equipment, comprising the following steps:

步骤1,安装成型装备:将成型装备安装至锻压机,固定下模座,凸模连接锻压机;Step 1, install the forming equipment: install the forming equipment to the forging press, fix the lower die seat, and connect the punch to the forging press;

步骤2,棒料预处理:将棒料套装在筒体中,并一同置于加热炉内加热至一定温度,保温一段时间;Step 2, bar pretreatment: put the bar into the barrel, and place it in a heating furnace to heat it to a certain temperature and keep it warm for a period of time;

步骤3,棒料快速转移:将保温完毕的棒料快速转移至所述成型装备内,使套装筒体的棒料竖直安装在限制模具的限位槽中,转移时间不超过30s;Step 3, rapid transfer of the bar material: the bar material after heat preservation is rapidly transferred to the molding equipment, so that the bar material of the sleeve cylinder is vertically installed in the limiting groove of the limiting mold, and the transfer time does not exceed 30 seconds;

步骤4,棒料镦粗成型:棒料在锻压机上以一定的应变速率成型,获得预期形状的坯料。Step 4, bar upsetting: The bar is formed on a forging press at a certain strain rate to obtain a blank of the desired shape.

步骤5,分离坯料与套筒。Step 5, separate the blank and the sleeve.

进一步地,步骤2中加热温度为800~1400℃,保温时间为1~120min。Furthermore, in step 2, the heating temperature is 800-1400° C., and the insulation time is 1-120 min.

进一步地,步骤4中应变速率为0.1~10s-1Furthermore, in step 4, the strain rate is 0.1 to 10 s -1 .

本发明有益效果:Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1)本发明中限制模具采用了弹簧浮动机制,可以避免大高径比镦粗时失稳和形成“双鼓形”:当镦粗开始时,棒料中部由于限制模具的限制而不会变粗,正因如此,其与限制模具内壁的正压力会越来越大,产生较大的摩擦力从而使限制模具向下位移并挤压弹簧,相对于棒料而言,限制模具有向上的运动趋势,正是由于这种运行机制,可以在确保小高径比和不失稳,同时可以有效避免“双鼓形”的出现,满足相应的工程应用需求。(1) The limiting die in the present invention adopts a spring floating mechanism, which can avoid instability and the formation of a "double drum shape" during upsetting with a large aspect ratio: when upsetting begins, the middle part of the bar stock will not become thicker due to the limitation of the limiting die. For this reason, the positive pressure between it and the inner wall of the limiting die will become larger and larger, generating a large friction force to cause the limiting die to move downward and squeeze the spring. Relative to the bar stock, the limiting die has an upward movement trend. It is precisely because of this operating mechanism that a small aspect ratio and no instability can be ensured, and at the same time, the appearance of a "double drum shape" can be effectively avoided, thereby meeting the corresponding engineering application requirements.

(2)本发明在加工哑铃形结构时能够做到一次成型,显著提高镦粗效率:大高径比棒料镦粗时,需要降低高径比,通过局部镦粗来防止失稳,如果要获得如图2所示哑铃形结构至少需要两次镦粗,多次镦粗意味着需要多次加热和保温,效率非常低。(2) The present invention can achieve one-time forming when processing a dumbbell-shaped structure, which significantly improves the upsetting efficiency: when upsetting a bar with a large aspect ratio, it is necessary to reduce the aspect ratio and prevent instability by local upsetting. If a dumbbell-shaped structure as shown in FIG. 2 is to be obtained, at least two upsettings are required. Multiple upsettings mean that multiple heating and insulation are required, which is very inefficient.

(3)棒料外部套装套筒能够起到一定保温作用,同时在镦粗过程中给棒料提供三向压应力,可以充分发挥材料塑性,获得大变形量,保证成型质量。(3) The sleeve on the outside of the bar can play a certain role in heat preservation. At the same time, it provides three-dimensional compressive stress to the bar during the upsetting process, which can give full play to the plasticity of the material, obtain a large deformation, and ensure the forming quality.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为双鼓形结构;Figure 1 is a double drum structure;

图2为哑铃形结构;Fig. 2 is a dumbbell-shaped structure;

图3本发明中成型装备结构示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the molding equipment in the present invention;

图4为哑铃形结构成型过程示意图;FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the dumbbell-shaped structure forming process;

图中:1凸模、2套筒、3限制模具、4棒料、5弹簧、6下模、7下模座。In the figure: 1 punch, 2 sleeve, 3 limiting die, 4 bar material, 5 spring, 6 lower die, 7 lower die base.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present invention, so the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

参照图1,一种镦粗成型装备,用以镦粗棒料4,包括凸模1、套筒2、限制模具3、弹簧5、下模6以及下模座7。所述下模座7上设置有内腔,所述内腔上端开口下端封闭,其内壁为光滑面,所述内腔横截面优选为圆形或矩形结构。所述下模6安装在所述内腔的底部,其上表面平滑起到支撑作用,且能够更换,防止长时间使用发生变形。所述限制模具3有两个,两个限制模具3组成与内腔相同的形状,两个限制模具3均滑动安装在所述内腔中,且分别通过所述弹簧5与所述下模6连接,两个所述限制模具3相对一侧对应开有限位槽,两个限制磨具上的限位槽合围呈与所述套筒2相同的形状,所述套筒2安装在所述限位槽中且能够拆卸。所述限制模具3能够成组更换,不同组的限制模具3上所述限位槽的内径不同,以适应不同尺寸棒料4的镦粗加工,所述棒料4套装在所述套筒2中。所述凸模1与锻压机相连,其位于所述套筒2以及棒料4的上部用以对棒料4镦粗加工。Referring to Fig. 1, an upsetting forming equipment is used for upsetting a bar 4, comprising a punch 1, a sleeve 2, a limiting die 3, a spring 5, a lower die 6 and a lower die seat 7. The lower die seat 7 is provided with an inner cavity, the upper end of the inner cavity is open and the lower end is closed, the inner wall is a smooth surface, and the cross section of the inner cavity is preferably a circular or rectangular structure. The lower die 6 is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity, and its upper surface is smooth to play a supporting role, and it can be replaced to prevent deformation due to long-term use. There are two limiting dies 3, and the two limiting dies 3 form the same shape as the inner cavity. The two limiting dies 3 are both slidably installed in the inner cavity and are respectively connected to the lower die 6 through the spring 5. The two limiting dies 3 have corresponding limiting grooves on the opposite sides, and the limiting grooves on the two limiting molds are enclosed in the same shape as the sleeve 2. The sleeve 2 is installed in the limiting groove and can be disassembled. The limiting dies 3 can be replaced in groups, and the inner diameters of the limiting grooves on different groups of limiting dies 3 are different to adapt to the upsetting of bars 4 of different sizes, and the bars 4 are sleeved in the sleeve 2. The punch 1 is connected to the forging machine, and is located on the sleeve 2 and the upper part of the bar 4 for upsetting the bar 4.

所述套筒2的热膨胀系数小于棒料4的热膨胀系数,使得二者在同时加热时套筒2能够箍紧棒料,套筒2厚度为1~20mm,优选采用钛合金材质。The thermal expansion coefficient of the sleeve 2 is smaller than that of the rod 4, so that the sleeve 2 can clamp the rod when the two are heated at the same time. The sleeve 2 has a thickness of 1 to 20 mm and is preferably made of titanium alloy.

所述凸模1需选择在1200℃的高温下仍具有良好的力学性能的耐高温合金材料,优选N3高温合金。The punch 1 needs to be made of a high temperature resistant alloy material having good mechanical properties at a high temperature of 1200° C., preferably N3 high temperature alloy.

所述限制模具3要求其在高温下具有较高的强度用以限制棒料4中部直径的增大,优选耐高温陶瓷材料;The limiting mold 3 is required to have a high strength at high temperature to limit the increase of the diameter of the middle part of the rod 4, and is preferably made of high temperature resistant ceramic material;

成型方法实施例1:Forming method embodiment 1:

参照图4,Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的镦粗方法,具体步骤:Referring to FIG. 4 , the upsetting method of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy includes the following specific steps:

步骤1,将成型装备安装至锻压机。Step 1: Install the forming equipment to the forging press.

步骤2,被加工的棒料尺寸为Φ30×240mm,套有20mm壁厚的套筒,并将组装完毕后的棒料放置加热炉中加热至1200℃,保温60min。Step 2: The size of the processed bar is Φ30×240mm, and it is covered with a sleeve with a wall thickness of 20mm. The assembled bar is placed in a heating furnace and heated to 1200°C for 60 minutes.

步骤3,将加热后的棒料快速转移至镦粗装置内,转移时间不超过30s。Step 3: quickly transfer the heated bar to the upsetting device, and the transfer time does not exceed 30 seconds.

步骤4,在锻压机上以1s-1应变速率进行镦粗成型,保压后获得“两头大,中间小”的“哑铃形”坯料。Step 4, performing upsetting forming on a forging machine at a strain rate of 1s -1 , and obtaining a "dumbbell-shaped" billet with "large ends and a small middle" after holding the pressure.

步骤5,采用切割的方式将套筒与哑铃形坯料分离。Step 5, separating the sleeve from the dumbbell-shaped blank by cutting.

在步骤4的过程中,限制模具高60mm,装配完毕后棒料上端露出约100mm,当压力机以1s-1速率下压时,上部会先变鼓,同时由于弹簧浮动机制的作用,限制模具相对棒料会上移,从而降低了上部露出的高度,降低了高径比,保证成型正常。当上面鼓形成型完毕后,鼓起部分会随着压力机压着限制模具下移,保证下部分的成型。In step 4, the limit die is 60mm high. After assembly, the upper end of the bar is exposed about 100mm. When the press presses down at a rate of 1s -1 , the upper part will bulge first. At the same time, due to the effect of the spring floating mechanism, the limit die will move up relative to the bar, thereby reducing the height of the upper part, reducing the height-to-diameter ratio, and ensuring normal forming. When the upper bulging is completed, the bulging part will move down with the press to limit the die to ensure the forming of the lower part.

Claims (7)

1.一种镦粗成型装备,用以镦粗棒料,其特征在于:包括凸模、套筒、限制模具、弹簧、下模以及下模座,所述下模座上设置有内腔,所述下模安装在所述内腔的底部,所述限制模具有两个均滑动安装在所述内腔中,两个所述限制模具分别通过所述弹簧与所述下模连接,两个所述限制模具相对一侧对应开有限位槽,所述套筒安装在所述限位槽中且能够拆卸,所述棒料套装在所述套筒中,所述凸模位于所述套筒上部;所述套筒的热膨胀系数小于棒料的热膨胀系数;1. An upsetting forming equipment for upsetting a bar stock, characterized in that it comprises a punch, a sleeve, a limiting die, a spring, a lower die and a lower die seat, the lower die seat is provided with an inner cavity, the lower die is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity, two limiting dies are slidably installed in the inner cavity, the two limiting dies are respectively connected to the lower die through the spring, limiting grooves are correspondingly provided on opposite sides of the two limiting dies, the sleeve is installed in the limiting groove and can be removed, the bar stock is sleeved in the sleeve, the punch is located on the upper part of the sleeve; the thermal expansion coefficient of the sleeve is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the bar stock; 其中,所述成型装备安装至锻压机,固定下模座,所述凸模连接锻压机;Wherein, the forming equipment is installed on a forging press, the lower die seat is fixed, and the punch is connected to the forging press; 所述棒料套装在所述套筒中,并一同置于加热炉内加热至一定温度,保温一段时间;The bar material is sleeved in the sleeve and placed in a heating furnace together with the sleeve to be heated to a certain temperature and kept warm for a period of time; 保温完毕的棒料快速转移至所述成型装备内,使套装所述套筒中的棒料竖直安装在限制模具的限位槽中,转移时间不超过30s;The heat-insulated bar material is quickly transferred to the molding equipment, so that the bar material in the sleeve is vertically installed in the limiting groove of the limiting mold, and the transfer time does not exceed 30 seconds; 所述棒料在锻压机上以一定的应变速率成型,成型过程中,在锻压机的作用下棒料上部会先变鼓,同时由于弹簧浮动机制的作用,限制模具相对棒料会上移,从而降低了上部露出的高度,降低了高径比,保证成型正常;当上面鼓形成型完毕后,鼓起部分会随着压力机压着限制模具下移,而棒料的下部在压力机的作用下会变鼓,同时由于限制模具的作用,使得棒料下部变鼓并成型,最终获得预期形状的坯料,其中,在棒料镦粗成型的过程中所述套筒与所述棒料同时产生形变。The bar is formed on the forging machine at a certain strain rate. During the forming process, the upper part of the bar will first bulge under the action of the forging machine. At the same time, due to the action of the spring floating mechanism, the limiting die will move up relative to the bar, thereby reducing the height of the upper exposure, reducing the height-to-diameter ratio, and ensuring normal forming; when the upper bulging forming is completed, the bulged part will move down with the pressure of the press to limit the die, and the lower part of the bar will bulge under the action of the press. At the same time, due to the action of the limiting die, the lower part of the bar will bulge and be formed, and finally a blank of the expected shape is obtained, wherein the sleeve and the bar are deformed simultaneously during the upsetting forming process of the bar. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述套筒厚度为1~20mm。2. The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the sleeve is 1 to 20 mm. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述套筒采用钛合金材质。3. The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve is made of titanium alloy. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述凸模采用耐高温合金材质。4. The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the punch is made of a high temperature resistant alloy. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述限制模具采用耐高温陶瓷材质。5. The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the limiting mold is made of high temperature resistant ceramic material. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述加热的温度为800~1400℃,保温时间为1~120min。6. The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating temperature is 800-1400°C and the insulation time is 1-120 minutes. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种镦粗成型装备,其特征在于:所述应变速率为0.1~10s-17 . The upsetting forming equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the strain rate is 0.1 to 10 s −1 .
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