CN115403402A - Method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge, which comprises the following steps: step one, granulating after evenly mixing oil-containing sludge and a conditioning agent; secondly, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the particles prepared in the first step, wherein the anaerobic pyrolysis temperature is 300-700 ℃, and the oil content of the particles after anaerobic pyrolysis is lower than 1%; and thirdly, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the granules subjected to the anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step, wherein the temperature of a feeding end of the high-temperature calcination is not lower than 800 ℃. In the process of preparing the ceramsite, the dioxin can be prevented from being generated, and the environment-friendly effect is good; the prepared ceramsite has wide application, and the resource utilization of the oily sludge is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of harmless and recycling treatment of wastes, in particular to a method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge.
Background
During the exploitation of oil and gas fields, oil field sewage treatment systems and crude oil production storage and transportation systems generate a large amount of oily sludge.
The oily sludge belongs to dangerous waste, and contains a large amount of petroleum substances, a large amount of benzene series, malodorous toxic substances such as phenols, anthracene, pyrene and the like, pathogenic bacteria, parasites, heavy metals such as copper, zinc, chromium, mercury and the like, salts, and toxic and harmful substances such as polychlorinated biphenyl, dioxin and the like. The oily sludge generated by oil-based drilling also contains underground silt and rock, and components such as barite and chloride brought by the drilling fluid.
At present, the main technology for harmless and recycling treatment of oil sludge is to pyrolyze the oil sludge to manufacture ceramsite. After the oil content of the oily sludge is removed, the components of the solid matters of the oily sludge are similar to rock debris, sandy soil and the like, and the oily sludge can be used as a raw material for preparing ceramsite. Patent document one (application number: CN 201010581081.0) proposes that 20-80% of oily sludge and 80-20% of clay are mixed, aged, granulated and calcined to prepare ceramsite. Besides clay, fly ash, coal gangue and municipal sludge can also be used as a modulator for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge. Patent document two (application No. CN 202110460643.4) proposes that oil sludge residue after recovering oil from oil sludge with high oil content is mixed with oil sludge with low oil content and other materials, granulated, dried and calcined to obtain high-strength ceramsite.
The traditional ceramsite firing process mostly adopts a rotary kiln, ceramsite raw materials are dried at low temperature to be calcined at high temperature after entering the rotary kiln, and because the oily sludge contains a large amount of benzene, chlorine and other components, strong carcinogenic substance dioxin is easily generated when the oily sludge is combusted at the temperature of below 800 ℃, particularly 300-400 ℃. The prior art solves the technical problem: firstly, a second combustion chamber is arranged to raise the temperature of the flue gas to above 850 ℃ and keep the temperature for above 2s, and the flue gas is rapidly cooled to below 200 ℃, but the technical method has the main problem of high energy consumption. Secondly, the oil content of the oily sludge is fully reduced through anaerobic pyrolysis, and the mixing amount of the oily sludge is reduced to reduce the amount of dioxin generated by low-temperature combustion of the oily sludge, which is a treatment means in most of the prior art at present, but the main problem of the technical method is that the risk of generating the dioxin cannot be completely eliminated.
On the basis of the existing process and equipment, the method does not increase energy consumption, meets the requirement of environmental protection, and avoids the generation of dioxin, namely the oil sludge is subjected to harmless treatment, new pollution (dioxin) cannot be generated in the harmless process, and the method becomes a technical problem which must be faced in the harmless and recycling process of oil sludge solid waste.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for preparing ceramsite by using oily sludge, which can avoid the generation of dioxin in the firing process, is environment-friendly and energy-saving, has wide application range and fully realizes the harmlessness and reclamation of the oily sludge, and the physical indexes of the prepared ceramsite meet the industrial requirements.
A method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge comprises the following steps:
step one, granulating after mixing oil-containing sludge and a modulator uniformly, wherein the modulator is selected according to the components and properties of the oil-containing sludge and can be selected from clay, fly ash, coal gangue and the like for component adjustment;
secondly, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the particles prepared in the first step, wherein the anaerobic pyrolysis temperature is 300-700 ℃, and the oil content of the particles after anaerobic pyrolysis is lower than 1%;
and thirdly, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the granules subjected to the anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step, wherein the temperature of a feeding end of the high-temperature calcination is not lower than 800 ℃.
Furthermore, in the first step, a gas former such as manganese oxide, silicon carbide and the like can be added for preparing the expanded ceramsite, and a plasticizer such as clay, bentonite and the like can be added for increasing the plasticity. The specific selection of the materials for the gas former and the plasticizer can be determined according to the performance requirements of the product.
Further, the granulation method in the first step is not limited, and a granulation method advantageous for the water-containing material, such as a roll granulator, is preferable.
Further, the oily sludge in the first part comprises original oily sludge and also comprises oily sludge residue after washing and pyrolysis treatment.
Further, the oil content of the granules after the anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step is preferably less than 0.3%.
Further, in the third step, preferably, the flue gas generated by the high-temperature calcination is used as a supplementary heat source of the oxygen-free pyrolysis device in the second step.
And further, performing dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification treatment on the flue gas generated after the high-temperature calcination in the third step according to a traditional treatment mode.
Advantageous effects
The beneficial effects of the invention are: firstly, the whole ceramsite preparation process avoids the generation condition of generating dioxin, and the environment-friendly effect is good; secondly, oil in the oily sludge can be recovered through pyrolysis, so that the economy is better; thirdly, the heat energy in the whole process can be fully utilized, and the energy-saving effect is obvious; fourthly, the prepared ceramsite has wide application and can realize resource utilization of the oily sludge.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a flow chart for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below for better understanding of the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
A method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge comprises the following steps:
step one, granulating after mixing oil-containing sludge and a modulator uniformly, wherein the modulator is selected according to the components and properties of the oil-containing sludge and can be adjusted by selecting clay, fly ash, coal gangue and the like;
secondly, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the particles prepared in the first step, wherein the anaerobic pyrolysis temperature is 300-700 ℃, and the oil content of the particles after anaerobic pyrolysis is lower than 1%;
and thirdly, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the granules subjected to the anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step, wherein the temperature of a feeding end of the high-temperature calcination is not lower than 800 ℃.
Wherein:
in the first step, gas-forming agents such as manganese oxide, silicon carbide and the like can be added for preparing the expanded ceramsite, and plasticizers such as clay, bentonite and the like can be added for increasing the plasticity. The specific selection of the material for the gas former and the material for increasing the plasticity can be determined according to the performance requirements of the product.
Further, the granulation method is not limited, and a granulation method advantageous to the water-containing material, such as a roll granulator, is preferable.
Further, the source of the oily sludge comprises original oily sludge and oily sludge residue after water washing and pyrolysis treatment.
In the second step, the oil content of the granules after anaerobic pyrolysis is preferably less than 0.3%.
In the third step, as shown in fig. 1, preferably, the flue gas generated by the high-temperature calcination is used as a supplementary heat source of the anaerobic pyrolysis device in the second step; furthermore, the flue gas generated after the high-temperature calcination is subjected to dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification treatment according to the traditional treatment mode.
The principle is as follows: the intensive research of the inventor discovers that the risk of generating dioxin during the preparation of the ceramsite by using the oily sludge is eliminated, and the three-step method for preparing the ceramsite has an inherent synergistic effect, namely: according to the component characteristics of the oily sludge, a certain modulating agent with the function of regulating the components, or generating gas, or plasticizing is added to ensure that the oily sludge has the conditions for preparing the ceramsite. After the ceramsite particles are prepared, anaerobic pyrolysis is carried out at 300-700 ℃, most of oil and organic matters can be decomposed under the anaerobic condition, dioxin can not be generated, the ceramsite after anaerobic pyrolysis directly enters high-temperature calcination, and energy waste of conventional oil sludge pyrolysis and transportation treatment can be avoided. The granules after anaerobic pyrolysis are subjected to high-temperature calcination, the temperature of the feed end in the calcination process is required to be higher than 800 ℃, the discharge end reaches the firing temperature of ceramsite, through high-temperature calcination, a low-temperature calcination area capable of generating dioxin is avoided, even if the anaerobic pyrolysis can not completely remove substances capable of generating dioxin, the dioxin can not be generated under the condition of high-temperature calcination, and high-temperature flue gas generated by high-temperature calcination can be used for heating a pyrolysis furnace, and the waste heat can be utilized.
The inventor finds that if the step of anaerobic pyrolysis is not adopted, the oily sludge granulation is directly used for high-temperature calcination, once the oil content exceeds 1%, the particles are cracked, deflagrated and the like when the oily sludge granulation is directly subjected to high-temperature calcination, because oil in the oily sludge granulation is mostly small-molecular petroleum hydrocarbon and is easy to burn, the oily sludge granulation can quickly burn at high temperature and generate a large amount of gas, the volume of the gas generated by unit mass of the oily sludge granulation is nearly 3 times that of the gas generated by water evaporation, and the sharply increased gas can cause the cracking and even the bursting of the particles.
The inventor finds that according to the three-step method for preparing the ceramsite, firstly, the whole ceramsite preparation process avoids the generation condition of generating dioxin, and the environment-friendly effect is good; secondly, oil in the oily sludge can be recovered through pyrolysis, so that the economy is better; thirdly, the heat energy in the whole process can be fully utilized, and the energy-saving effect is obvious; fourthly, the prepared ceramsite has wide application and can realize resource utilization of the oily sludge.
Example 1:
the influence of the oil content of the granules after the anaerobic pyrolysis on the firing quality of the ceramsite is as follows:
selecting oil-containing sludge with oil content of about 5 percent and fly ash, mixing and granulating according to 8:2, and carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis in a vacuum atmosphere furnace. The oil content of the granules obtained by anaerobic pyrolysis reaches 0.1-2% respectively by controlling the anaerobic pyrolysis time and temperature. And sintering in a box-type resistance furnace, heating the high-temperature furnace to 800 ℃, and quickly putting the particles into the high-temperature furnace for calcining. The test results were as follows:
example 2:
the preparation method of the ceramsite by using the oily sludge in Yanan certain factory comprises the following specific steps:
the oil content of the oil-containing sludge is 5.6%.
First step, evenly mixing the oily sludge and the conditioning agent, and granulating:
1) The oily sludge is crushed to below 2mm by a double-roller crusher, which is beneficial to granulation and uniformity of particles.
2) The regulator is selected to be doped with 10% of power plant slag and 0.5% of silicon carbide.
3) Granulating by a roller pressing type granulator.
And secondly, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the prepared particles:
1) The pyrolysis temperature is 350-450 ℃.
2) The oil content of the granules after anaerobic pyrolysis was found to be 0.3%.
Thirdly, carrying out high-temperature calcination on the granules subjected to the anaerobic pyrolysis:
the calcination initiation temperature was set at 820 ℃ and the calcination temperature was 1150 ℃.
Measuring the content of dioxin in the flue gas to be 0.01TEQ ng/m 3 . Well below emission standards.
The bulk density of the prepared ceramsite is 690kg/m 3 The water absorption rate is 5.40% in 1h, and the cylinder pressure strength is 4MPa.
The above examples are intended to be illustrative of possible embodiments of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims appended hereto, unless otherwise indicated by the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing ceramsite from oily sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, granulating after uniformly mixing oil-containing sludge and a conditioning agent, wherein the conditioning agent is selected according to the components and properties of the oil-containing sludge;
secondly, carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis on the particles prepared in the first step, wherein the temperature of the anaerobic pyrolysis is 300-700 ℃, and the oil content of the particles after the anaerobic pyrolysis is lower than 1%;
and thirdly, calcining the granules subjected to the anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step at a high temperature, wherein the temperature of a feed end of the high-temperature calcination is not lower than 800 ℃.
2. The method for preparing ceramsite by using oily sludge according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the modulating agent is at least one of clay, fly ash and coal gangue.
3. The method for preparing ceramsite according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oily sludge in the first step may further comprise a gas former, and/or a plasticizer.
4. The method for preparing ceramsite by using oily sludge according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the gas former is selected from at least one of manganese oxide and silicon carbide, and the plasticizer is selected from at least one of clay and bentonite.
5. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, a roll granulator was used for the granulation.
6. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oil content of the granules after said anaerobic pyrolysis in the second step is less than 0.3%.
7. The method for preparing ceramsite according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the flue gas generated by the high-temperature calcination is used as a supplementary heat source of the anaerobic pyrolysis equipment in the second step.
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| CN112880394A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 山东义科节能科技股份有限公司 | Kiln system and method for firing ceramsite containing heat value raw material and by-producing waste heat |
| CN112919879A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-06-08 | 陕西中禾天成环保科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-strength ceramsite from oil sludge |
| CN113354407A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 郑州大学 | Variable-temperature fast-sintering process of aluminum-doped zinc oxide target material |
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2022
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| CN110054476A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-07-26 | 江苏捷豋环保能源有限公司 | A method of haydite is prepared using domestic sludge cracking gas-producing sintering industrial sludge |
| CN112880394A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 山东义科节能科技股份有限公司 | Kiln system and method for firing ceramsite containing heat value raw material and by-producing waste heat |
| CN112919879A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-06-08 | 陕西中禾天成环保科技有限公司 | Method for preparing high-strength ceramsite from oil sludge |
| CN113354407A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 郑州大学 | Variable-temperature fast-sintering process of aluminum-doped zinc oxide target material |
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