CN115343084B - Multi-temperature-zone testing device and method for packing type plate-fin heat exchanger under low-temperature working condition - Google Patents
Multi-temperature-zone testing device and method for packing type plate-fin heat exchanger under low-temperature working condition Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LDHBWEYLDHLIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] LDHBWEYLDHLIBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000012839 conversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明属于一种换热器多温区测试装置及方法，为解决目前连续正仲氢催化转化的一体化技术，缺乏实验数据和理论分析，且测试装置均在绝热或等温工况下运行的技术问题，提供一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置及方法，氢气从氢气源中流出，经过液氮预冷器进行第一步预冷，然后分成两股流体，分流后的热侧工质通过GM制冷机进一步预冷，然后进入填料式板翅式换热器的中间层翅片通道内；分流后的冷侧工质，经过负压液氮预冷器进行第二步预冷，然后再通过GM制冷机进一步预冷，进入填料式板翅式换热器的两侧翅片通道。通过调整预冷方式和预冷程度，即可实现液氢到液氮温区内正仲转化催化剂的填料式板翅式换热器的多温区运行测试实验。
The present invention belongs to a multi-temperature zone testing device and method for a heat exchanger. In order to solve the technical problems that the current integrated technology for continuous catalytic conversion of normal and para-hydrogen lacks experimental data and theoretical analysis, and the testing devices are all operated under adiabatic or isothermal conditions, a multi-temperature zone testing device and method for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions is provided. Hydrogen flows out from a hydrogen source, passes through a liquid nitrogen precooler for the first step of precooling, and then is divided into two streams. The hot side working fluid after diversion is further precooled by a GM refrigerator, and then enters the middle layer fin channel of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger; the cold side working fluid after diversion is precooled by a negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler for the second step, and then further precooled by a GM refrigerator, and enters the fin channels on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger. By adjusting the precooling method and precooling degree, the multi-temperature zone operation test experiment of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger of the normal and para-conversion catalyst in the liquid hydrogen to liquid nitrogen temperature zone can be realized.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于一种换热器多温区测试装置及方法，具体涉及一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置及方法。The present invention relates to a multi-temperature zone testing device and method for a heat exchanger, and in particular to a multi-temperature zone testing device and method for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions.
背景技术Background Art
氢气包含正氢和仲氢两种状态，常温下，平衡氢气中的正氢与仲氢比例接近3:1，而液化温度下平衡氢气中的仲氢比例超过99％。氢的正仲转化反应会释放额外的热量，在液化条件下该部分热量甚至大于液氢的汽化潜热。因此，氢的正仲转化反应是氢气相对于其他低温工质在液化工艺中需要特殊考虑的问题。Hydrogen contains two states: orthohydrogen and parahydrogen. At room temperature, the ratio of orthohydrogen to parahydrogen in equilibrium hydrogen is close to 3:1, while the ratio of parahydrogen in equilibrium hydrogen at liquefaction temperature exceeds 99%. The ortho-parahydrogen conversion reaction of hydrogen will release additional heat, which is even greater than the latent heat of vaporization of liquid hydrogen under liquefaction conditions. Therefore, the ortho-parahydrogen conversion reaction is an issue that requires special consideration in the liquefaction process of hydrogen compared to other cryogenic working fluids.
自然条件下，氢的正仲转化反应十分缓慢，氢液化工艺中需要设置单独的正仲氢催化转化器来加快氢的正仲转化反应。根据转化方式不同，正仲氢催化转化器可以分为绝热正仲氢催化转化器、等温正仲氢催化转化器和连续正仲氢催化转化器。目前运行的氢液化装置中，大部分采用绝热正仲氢催化转化器或等温正仲氢催化转化器，这两种转化器的转化方式，一方面增加了氢液化工艺的设备数量，另一方面对高品质冷能造成了极大的浪费。Under natural conditions, the para-hydrogen conversion reaction is very slow, and a separate para-hydrogen catalytic converter needs to be set up in the hydrogen liquefaction process to speed up the para-hydrogen conversion reaction. According to different conversion methods, para-hydrogen catalytic converters can be divided into adiabatic para-hydrogen catalytic converters, isothermal para-hydrogen catalytic converters and continuous para-hydrogen catalytic converters. Most of the hydrogen liquefaction units currently in operation use adiabatic para-hydrogen catalytic converters or isothermal para-hydrogen catalytic converters. The conversion methods of these two converters, on the one hand, increase the number of equipment in the hydrogen liquefaction process, and on the other hand, cause great waste of high-quality cold energy.
基于强换热与强反应耦合的理论，许多新型氢液化流程中采用了一种连续正仲氢催化转化的一体化技术，该技术的实质为低温换热器与正仲转化器相结合，将正仲转化催化剂填充到低温换热器流道中，使低温氢气在传热降温的过程中发生连续的正仲催化转化反应。该一体化技术的核心设备为正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器，其运行温区一般为液氢到液氮温区(30-80K)。但是，对于该一体化技术，仍处于研究起步阶段，缺乏实验数据和理论分析，限制了该一体化技术在大规模氢液化装置中的应用。另外，目前关于正仲氢催化转化技术的相关实验均集中于正仲转化催化剂的性能测试，其测试装置均在绝热或等温工况下运行，与该一体化技术的正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器运行工况相差较大。Based on the theory of strong heat exchange and strong reaction coupling, many new hydrogen liquefaction processes use an integrated technology of continuous para-hydrogen catalytic conversion. The essence of this technology is to combine a low-temperature heat exchanger with a para-converter, fill the para-converter catalyst into the flow channel of the low-temperature heat exchanger, and make the low-temperature hydrogen undergo continuous para-catalytic conversion reaction during the heat transfer and cooling process. The core equipment of this integrated technology is a para-converter catalyst-filled low-temperature heat exchanger, and its operating temperature range is generally from liquid hydrogen to liquid nitrogen (30-80K). However, this integrated technology is still in the initial stage of research, lacking experimental data and theoretical analysis, which limits the application of this integrated technology in large-scale hydrogen liquefaction equipment. In addition, the current experiments on para-hydrogen catalytic conversion technology are all focused on the performance test of the para-converter catalyst, and its test equipment is operated under adiabatic or isothermal conditions, which is quite different from the operating conditions of the para-converter catalyst-filled low-temperature heat exchanger of this integrated technology.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明为解决目前现有正仲氢催化转化技术的相关实验测试装置与连续正仲氢催化转化的一体化装置实际运行工况相差较大，以及连续正仲氢催化转化的一体化技术缺乏实验数据和理论分析的技术问题，提供一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置及方法。The present invention aims to solve the technical problems that the actual operating conditions of the relevant experimental test devices of the existing normal-para-hydrogen catalytic conversion technology are quite different from those of the integrated device for continuous normal-para-hydrogen catalytic conversion, and the integrated technology for continuous normal-para-hydrogen catalytic conversion lacks experimental data and theoretical analysis. A multi-temperature zone testing device and method for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions is provided.
为达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置，其特殊之处在于，包括氢气源、液氮预冷器、负压液氮预冷器、GM制冷机、填料式板翅式换热器和热导分析装置；A multi-temperature zone testing device for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions, which is special in that it includes a hydrogen source, a liquid nitrogen precooler, a negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler, a GM refrigerator, a packed plate-fin heat exchanger and a thermal conductivity analysis device;
所述氢气源的出口与液氮预冷器的入口相连，液氮预冷器的出口分别连通负压液氮预冷器的入口、GM制冷机的一个入口和GM制冷机的一个出口；The outlet of the hydrogen source is connected to the inlet of the liquid nitrogen precooler, and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen precooler is respectively connected to the inlet of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler, an inlet of the GM refrigerator and an outlet of the GM refrigerator;
所述负压液氮预冷器的出口分别连通GM制冷机的另一个入口和GM制冷机的另一个出口；The outlet of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler is respectively connected to another inlet of the GM refrigerator and another outlet of the GM refrigerator;
所述填料式板翅式换热器为三层翅片结构，设置在绝热装置内，填料式板翅式换热器中间层翅片通道的填料为正仲转化催化剂；所述GM制冷机的一个出口与填料式板翅式换热器的中间层翅片通道内部连通，使GM制冷机一个出口的流体作为填料式板翅式换热器热侧工质，另一个出口与填料式板翅式换热器的两侧翅片通道内部连通，使GM制冷机另一个出口的流体作为填料式板翅式换热器冷侧工质；The packed plate-fin heat exchanger is a three-layer fin structure, which is arranged in an insulation device, and the filler of the middle layer fin channel of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger is a positive-secondary conversion catalyst; one outlet of the GM refrigerator is connected to the inside of the middle layer fin channel of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, so that the fluid of one outlet of the GM refrigerator is used as the hot side working medium of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, and the other outlet is connected to the inside of the fin channels on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, so that the fluid of the other outlet of the GM refrigerator is used as the cold side working medium of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger;
所述热导分析装置分别连接填料式板翅式换热器的热侧入口与热侧出口。The thermal conductivity analysis device is respectively connected to the hot side inlet and the hot side outlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger.
进一步地，所述液氮预冷器为绕管式换热器结构，液氮预冷器中的冷却工质为常压饱和液氮；Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen precooler is a coiled tube heat exchanger structure, and the cooling medium in the liquid nitrogen precooler is saturated liquid nitrogen at normal pressure;
所述负压液氮预冷器及方法为绕管式换热器结构，负压液氮预冷器中的冷却工质为负压饱和液氮；The negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler and method are of a coiled tube heat exchanger structure, and the cooling medium in the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler is negative pressure saturated liquid nitrogen;
所述绝热装置采用液氮绝热容器或真空绝热容器。The thermal insulation device adopts a liquid nitrogen thermal insulation container or a vacuum thermal insulation container.
进一步地，所述液氮预冷器的出口与GM制冷机的一个入口之间设置有第一调节阀门，液氮预冷器的出口与负压液氮预冷器的入口之间设置有第二调节阀门。Furthermore, a first regulating valve is provided between the outlet of the liquid nitrogen precooler and an inlet of the GM refrigerator, and a second regulating valve is provided between the outlet of the liquid nitrogen precooler and the inlet of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler.
进一步地，所述第一调节阀门后侧与GM制冷机的一个入口之间设置有第三调节阀门，第一调节阀门后侧与GM制冷机的一个出口之间设置有第四调节阀门；Further, a third regulating valve is provided between the rear side of the first regulating valve and an inlet of the GM refrigerator, and a fourth regulating valve is provided between the rear side of the first regulating valve and an outlet of the GM refrigerator;
所述负压液氮预冷器的出口与GM制冷机的另一个入口之间设置有第五调节阀门，负压液氮预冷器的出口与GM制冷机的另一个出口之间设置有第六调节阀门。A fifth regulating valve is arranged between the outlet of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler and another inlet of the GM refrigerator, and a sixth regulating valve is arranged between the outlet of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler and another outlet of the GM refrigerator.
进一步地，所述填料式板翅式换热器的热侧入口处设置有第一流量计，冷侧入口处设置有第二流量计。Furthermore, a first flow meter is provided at the hot side inlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, and a second flow meter is provided at the cold side inlet.
进一步地，所述中间层翅片通道采用平直翅片或打孔翅片，所述两侧翅片通道的翅片采用打孔翅片、锯齿翅片、波纹翅片或波纹-锯齿翅片。Furthermore, the middle layer fin channel adopts straight fins or perforated fins, and the fins of the fin channels on both sides adopt perforated fins, serrated fins, corrugated fins or corrugated-serrated fins.
进一步地，所述正仲转化催化剂采用目数为30-50目的水合氧化铁类催化剂。Furthermore, the ortho-secondary conversion catalyst is a hydrated iron oxide catalyst with a mesh size of 30-50 meshes.
进一步地，所述填料式板翅式换热器的热侧入口和冷侧入口处均设置有格栅网，中间层翅片通道和两侧翅片通道的两端均设有格栅网过滤筛。Furthermore, grid meshes are provided at the hot side inlet and the cold side inlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, and grid mesh filter screens are provided at both ends of the middle layer fin channel and the fin channels on both sides.
本发明还提供了一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试方法，基于上述一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置，其特殊之处在于，包括以下步骤：The present invention also provides a multi-temperature zone testing method for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions, based on the above-mentioned multi-temperature zone testing device for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions, which is special in that it includes the following steps:
S1，一次预冷S1, one-time precooling
通过液氮预冷器对氢气源中流出的氢气进行一次预冷，并将一次预冷后的氢气分为两股流体，分别记作第一流体和第二流体；Precooling the hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen source by a liquid nitrogen precooler, and dividing the precooled hydrogen into two streams, which are respectively recorded as a first fluid and a second fluid;
S2，二次预冷和三次预冷，实现填料式板翅式换热器内用于多温区测试的多温区分布S2, secondary precooling and tertiary precooling, to achieve multi-temperature zone distribution in packed plate-fin heat exchanger for multi-temperature zone testing
通过GM制冷机对所述第一流体的一部分进行二次预冷，再与第一流体的另一部分混合后，通入填料式板翅式换热器的中间层翅片通道，作为填料式板翅式换热器的热侧工质；A portion of the first fluid is precooled twice by a GM refrigerator, and then mixed with another portion of the first fluid and introduced into the middle layer fin channel of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger to serve as the hot side working fluid of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger;
通过负压液氮预冷器对所述第二流体进行二次预冷，通过GM制冷机对二次预冷后的第二流体的一部分进行三次预冷，再与二次预冷后的第二流体的另一部分进行混合后，通入填料式板翅式换热器的两侧翅片通道，作为填料式板翅式换热器的冷侧工质；The second fluid is precooled twice by a negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler, a part of the second fluid precooled twice is precooled three times by a GM refrigerator, and then mixed with another part of the second fluid precooled twice, and then introduced into the fin channels on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger as the cold side working medium of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger;
使填料式板翅式换热器内实现用于多温区测试的多温区分布；To achieve multi-temperature zone distribution for multi-temperature zone testing in a packed plate-fin heat exchanger;
S3，测量S3, measurement
S3.1，通过热导分析装置对填料式板翅式换热器热侧入口氢气的仲氢浓度和热侧出口氢气的仲氢浓度进行测量；S3.1, measuring the parahydrogen concentration of hydrogen at the hot side inlet and the parahydrogen concentration of hydrogen at the hot side outlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger by a thermal conductivity analysis device;
S3.2，分别测量填料式板翅式换热器热侧入口、热侧出口、冷侧入口、冷侧出口的温度和压力；S3.2, respectively measure the temperature and pressure of the hot side inlet, hot side outlet, cold side inlet, and cold side outlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger;
S3.3，沿流动方向在填料式板翅式换热器的翅片隔板上布置多个测点，获取隔板的温度分布，结合步骤S3.2的温度测量结果和隔板的温度分布，通过热平衡方程推算得到中间层翅片通道和两侧翅片通道内的流体温度分布。S3.3, arrange multiple measuring points on the fin partition of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger along the flow direction to obtain the temperature distribution of the partition, combine the temperature measurement result of step S3.2 and the temperature distribution of the partition, and calculate the fluid temperature distribution in the middle layer fin channel and the fin channels on both sides through the heat balance equation.
进一步地，步骤S1中，所述一次预冷后，第一流体和第二流体的温度为80K；Further, in step S1, after the one-time precooling, the temperature of the first fluid and the second fluid is 80K;
步骤S2中，第一流体的一部分进行二次预冷，再与第一流体的另一部分混合后的温度可达40-80K；In step S2, a portion of the first fluid is pre-cooled twice, and the temperature after mixing with another portion of the first fluid can reach 40-80K;
步骤S2中，二次预冷后的第二流体的一部分进行三次预冷，再与二次预冷后的第二流体的另一部分进行混合后温度可达30-70K；In step S2, a portion of the second fluid after the second precooling is precooled three times, and then mixed with another portion of the second fluid after the second precooling to a temperature of 30-70K;
步骤S2中，所述用于多温区测试的多温区分布具体为30-40K、40-50K、50-60K、60-70K和70-80K温区。In step S2, the multi-temperature zone distribution for multi-temperature zone testing is specifically 30-40K, 40-50K, 50-60K, 60-70K and 70-80K temperature zones.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明提出了一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置，能够用于对正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器的实际运行工况进行实验测试，通过调节冷侧工质和热侧工质的预冷条件，如液氮预冷器、负压液氮预冷器、GM制冷机的预冷能力，进入各部件的流体流量等，即可达到不同的预冷效果，从而实现液氢到液氮温区内填料式板翅式换热器的多温区运行测试实验，同时通过热导分析装置对填料式板翅式换热器热侧入口与热侧出口氢气的仲氢浓度进行测量。1. The present invention proposes a multi-temperature zone test device for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions, which can be used to experimentally test the actual operating conditions of a packed low-temperature heat exchanger with a normal-para conversion catalyst. By adjusting the pre-cooling conditions of the cold-side working medium and the hot-side working medium, such as the pre-cooling capacity of a liquid nitrogen pre-cooler, a negative pressure liquid nitrogen pre-cooler, and a GM refrigerator, the fluid flow rate entering each component, etc., different pre-cooling effects can be achieved, thereby realizing a multi-temperature zone operation test experiment of a packed plate-fin heat exchanger in a liquid hydrogen to liquid nitrogen temperature zone. At the same time, the parahydrogen concentration of hydrogen at the hot-side inlet and hot-side outlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger is measured by a thermal conductivity analysis device.
2.本发明中设置有第一调节阀门和第二调节阀门，经液氮预冷器预冷后的流体被分为两部分，能够对两部分流体的流量进行调节，第三调节阀门能够对进入GM制冷机的热侧工质流量进行调节，通过调节第三调节阀门和第四调节阀门，能够控制热侧工质进入填料式板翅式换热器的入口温度，第五调节阀门能够对进入GM制冷机的冷侧工质流量进行调节，通过调节第五调节阀门和第六调节阀门，能够控制冷侧工质进入填料式板翅式换热器的入口温度。2. The present invention is provided with a first regulating valve and a second regulating valve. The fluid precooled by the liquid nitrogen precooler is divided into two parts, and the flow rates of the two parts of the fluid can be adjusted. The third regulating valve can adjust the flow rate of the hot side working medium entering the GM refrigerator. By adjusting the third regulating valve and the fourth regulating valve, the inlet temperature of the hot side working medium entering the packed plate-fin heat exchanger can be controlled. The fifth regulating valve can adjust the flow rate of the cold side working medium entering the GM refrigerator. By adjusting the fifth regulating valve and the sixth regulating valve, the inlet temperature of the cold side working medium entering the packed plate-fin heat exchanger can be controlled.
3.本发明中，填料式板翅式换热器的热侧入口和冷侧入口处均设置有格栅网，格栅网能够对流经的流体起到均流作用，中间层翅片通道和两侧翅片通道的两端均设有格栅网过滤筛，对于两侧翅片通道，能够起到对冷侧工质再次均流的作用，对于中间层翅片通道，不仅能够对热侧工质起到再次均流的作用，还能够防止中间层翅片通道中的正仲转化催化剂流出。3. In the present invention, grille meshes are provided at both the hot side inlet and the cold side inlet of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger, and the grille meshes can balance the flow of the fluid passing through. Both ends of the middle layer fin channel and the fin channels on both sides are provided with grille mesh filter screens, which can balance the flow of the cold side working fluid again for the fin channels on both sides, and can not only balance the flow of the hot side working fluid again for the middle layer fin channel, but also prevent the outflow of the secondary conversion catalyst in the middle layer fin channel.
4.本发明还提出了一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试方法，通过上述测试装置实现测试，该测试方法实施方便、操作便捷、运行灵活且可行性高，能够在达到氢安全标准的低温实验室中实现对正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器实际运行工况进行实验测试。4. The present invention also proposes a multi-temperature zone testing method for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low-temperature conditions. The testing is achieved through the above-mentioned testing device. The testing method is easy to implement, convenient to operate, flexible to operate and highly feasible. It can be used in a low-temperature laboratory that meets hydrogen safety standards to experimentally test the actual operating conditions of a low-temperature heat exchanger packed with a normal-secondary conversion catalyst.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置实施例的示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multi-temperature zone testing device for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions of the present invention;
图2为本发明图1中填料式板翅式换热器的示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger in FIG. 1 of the present invention.
其中：1-氢气源、2-液氮预冷器、3-负压液氮预冷器、4-GM制冷机、5-第一流量计、6-第二流量计、7-绝热装置、8-热导分析装置、9-填料式板翅式换热器、91-中间层翅片通道、92-两侧翅片通道、93-热侧入口、94-热侧出口、95-冷侧入口、96-格栅网、97-格栅网过滤筛、98-冷侧出口、10-第一调节阀门、11-第二调节阀门、12-第三调节阀门、13-第四调节阀门、14-第五调节阀门、15-第六调节阀门。Wherein: 1-hydrogen source, 2-liquid nitrogen precooler, 3-negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler, 4-GM refrigerator, 5-first flow meter, 6-second flow meter, 7-insulation device, 8-thermal conductivity analysis device, 9-packing plate-fin heat exchanger, 91-middle layer fin channel, 92-fin channels on both sides, 93-hot side inlet, 94-hot side outlet, 95-cold side inlet, 96-grid net, 97-grid net filter screen, 98-cold side outlet, 10-first regulating valve, 11-second regulating valve, 12-third regulating valve, 13-fourth regulating valve, 14-fifth regulating valve, 15-sixth regulating valve.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.
对于正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器，连续的温度变化会影响催化剂正仲转化的效果，同时，微小通道内催化剂颗粒和连续正仲转化所释放的转化热也对低温氢气的流动换热过程有显著影响。因此，根据正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器的运行工况进行实验测试，获得相应的实验数据，对正仲转化催化剂填料式低温换热器的理论分析、优化设计和生产制造都具有重要意义。For the low-temperature heat exchanger filled with a secondary reforming catalyst, continuous temperature changes will affect the effect of the catalyst secondary reforming. At the same time, the catalyst particles in the microchannels and the conversion heat released by the continuous secondary reforming also have a significant impact on the flow heat transfer process of low-temperature hydrogen. Therefore, according to the operating conditions of the low-temperature heat exchanger filled with a secondary reforming catalyst, experimental tests are carried out to obtain corresponding experimental data, which is of great significance to the theoretical analysis, optimization design and production of the low-temperature heat exchanger filled with a secondary reforming catalyst.
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种低温工况下填料式板翅式换热器多温区测试装置，包括氢气源1、液氮预冷器2、负压液氮预冷器3、GM制冷机4、第一流量计5、第二流量计6、绝热装置7、热导分析装置8和填料式板翅式换热器9。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a multi-temperature zone testing device for a packed plate-fin heat exchanger under low temperature conditions, including a hydrogen source 1, a liquid nitrogen precooler 2, a negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3, a GM refrigerator 4, a first flow meter 5, a second flow meter 6, an insulation device 7, a thermal conductivity analysis device 8 and a packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9.
其中，如图2所示，填料式板翅式换热器9设置有热侧入口93、热侧出口94、冷侧入口95和冷侧出口98，填料式板翅式换热器9整体为三层翅片结构，中间层翅片通道91中填充正仲转化催化剂，两侧翅片通道92位于中间层翅片通道91的两侧，两侧翅片通道92为常规的翅片通道。填料式板翅式换热器9的热侧入口93和冷侧入口95处均设置有格栅网96，起均流作用，中间层翅片通道91和两侧翅片通道92的两端均设有格栅网过滤筛97，具有均流和防止正仲转化催化剂流出的效果。As shown in FIG2 , the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 is provided with a hot side inlet 93, a hot side outlet 94, a cold side inlet 95 and a cold side outlet 98. The packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 is a three-layer fin structure as a whole. The middle layer fin channel 91 is filled with a positive secondary conversion catalyst. The fin channels 92 on both sides are located on both sides of the middle layer fin channel 91. The fin channels 92 on both sides are conventional fin channels. The hot side inlet 93 and the cold side inlet 95 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 are both provided with a grid mesh 96 for equalizing the flow. Both ends of the middle layer fin channel 91 and the fin channels 92 on both sides are provided with a grid mesh filter screen 97 for equalizing the flow and preventing the positive secondary conversion catalyst from flowing out.
氢气从氢气源1中流出，经过液氮预冷器2进行第一步预冷，然后分成两股流体，分别作为填料式板翅式换热器9的热侧工质和冷侧工质。分流后的热侧工质通过GM制冷机4进一步预冷，然后进入填料式板翅式换热器9填充正仲转化催化剂的中间层翅片通道91内，在正仲转化催化剂的作用下发生连续的正仲转化反应。分流后的冷侧工质，经过负压液氮预冷器3进行第二步预冷，然后再通过GM制冷机4进一步预冷，预冷后冷侧工质进入填料式板翅式换热器9的两侧翅片通道92，与热侧的反应氢气进行换热。通过调整冷侧工质和热侧工质的预冷方式和预冷程度，即可实现液氢到液氮温区内，正仲转化催化剂的填料式板翅式换热器9的多温区运行测试实验。Hydrogen flows out from the hydrogen source 1, passes through the liquid nitrogen precooler 2 for the first step of precooling, and then is divided into two streams of fluid, which are respectively used as the hot side working fluid and the cold side working fluid of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9. The hot side working fluid after diversion is further precooled by the GM refrigerator 4, and then enters the middle layer fin channel 91 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 filled with the positive secondary conversion catalyst, and a continuous positive secondary conversion reaction occurs under the action of the positive secondary conversion catalyst. The cold side working fluid after diversion is precooled by the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 for the second step, and then further precooled by the GM refrigerator 4. After precooling, the cold side working fluid enters the fin channels 92 on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 to exchange heat with the reaction hydrogen on the hot side. By adjusting the precooling method and precooling degree of the cold side working fluid and the hot side working fluid, the multi-temperature zone operation test experiment of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 of the positive secondary conversion catalyst can be realized from liquid hydrogen to the liquid nitrogen temperature zone.
氢气由氢气源1提供，氢气源1出口氢气温度约为300K。氢气源1流出的氢气通过液氮预冷器2预冷至80K左右，液氮预冷器2中的冷却工质为常压饱和液氮(饱和温度约为78K)，液氮预冷器2采用绕管式换热器结构。经过液氮预冷器2预冷后的氢气分成两股，通过第一调节阀门10和第二调节阀门11可调节流量分配，分别用作填料式板翅式换热器9的冷侧工质和热侧工质。分流后的热侧工质采用部分进入GM制冷机4进行预冷后与剩下部分汇合的方式进一步预冷，然后进入填料式板翅式换热器9的中间层翅片通道91，这种预冷方式可实现对填料式板翅式换热器9热侧入口93的温度调节，调节温度范围为40-80K。分流后的冷侧工质进入负压液氮预冷器3进一步预冷至70K左右，负压液氮预冷器3中的冷却工质为负压饱和液氮(饱和压力约为0.03MPa，饱和温度为68K)，负压液氮预冷器3采用绕管式换热器结构。经负压液氮预冷器3预冷后的冷侧工质采用部分进入GM制冷机4进行预冷后与剩下部分汇合的方式进一步预冷，然后进入填料式板翅式换热器9的两侧翅片通道92，这种预冷方式可实现对冷侧工质入口的温度的调节，调节温度范围为30-70K。通过调节冷侧工质和热侧工质的预冷方式，可达到不同的预冷效果，从而实现液氢到液氮温区内，正仲转化催化剂的填料式板翅式换热器9的多温区运行测试实验，填料式板翅式换热器9的测试温区可划分为30-40K、40-50K、50-60K、60-70K和70-80K等温区。第一流量计5和第二流量计6可以对填料式板翅式换热器9热侧入口93和冷侧入口95的流量进行测量。填料式板翅式换热器9试件安装在绝热装置7内，绝热装置7可采用液氮绝热容器或真空绝热容器，中间层翅片通道91的翅片类型可选择平直翅片或打孔翅片等简单翅片，两侧翅片通道92可选择打孔翅片、锯齿翅片、波纹翅片或波纹-锯齿翅片等高效翅片；中间层翅片通道91中填充的正仲转化催化剂可采用水合氧化铁类催化剂，目数为30-50目。填料式板翅式换热器9通过在填料式板翅式换热器9热侧入口93、热侧出口94、冷侧入口95、冷侧出口98布置测点进行温度和压力的测量；沿流动方向在填料式板翅式换热器9的翅片隔板上布置多个测点，获取隔板的温度分布，再结合热侧入口93、热侧出口94、冷侧入口95、冷侧出口98的温度，通过热平衡方程，可推算出中间层翅片通道91和两侧翅片通道92内的流体温度分布，其中，在隔板上布置测点时，沿垂直于流动方向布置多组测点，每组测点沿流动方向布置，且沿流动方向布置的测点数量一般大于沿垂直于流动方向布置的测点组数。填料式板翅式换热器9采用热导分析装置8对热侧入口93和热侧出口94氢气的仲氢浓度进行测量，以测试氢气在填充中间层翅片通道91中的连续正仲氢催化转化反应效果，热导分析装置8内保持液氮温度的真空恒温状态，通过由于正仲氢在导热系数不同造成的压力管内电阻丝传热性能的差异，实现对仲氢浓度的测量。Hydrogen is provided by a hydrogen source 1, and the outlet hydrogen temperature of the hydrogen source 1 is about 300K. The hydrogen flowing out of the hydrogen source 1 is precooled to about 80K by a liquid nitrogen precooler 2. The cooling medium in the liquid nitrogen precooler 2 is saturated liquid nitrogen at normal pressure (saturation temperature is about 78K), and the liquid nitrogen precooler 2 adopts a coiled heat exchanger structure. The hydrogen precooled by the liquid nitrogen precooler 2 is divided into two streams, and the flow distribution can be adjusted by the first regulating valve 10 and the second regulating valve 11, and they are used as the cold side working medium and the hot side working medium of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 respectively. The hot side working medium after diversion is further precooled by partially entering the GM refrigerator 4 for precooling and then merging with the remaining part, and then entering the middle layer fin channel 91 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9. This precooling method can realize the temperature adjustment of the hot side inlet 93 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9, and the adjustment temperature range is 40-80K. The cold side working medium after diversion enters the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 for further precooling to about 70K. The cooling working medium in the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 is negative pressure saturated liquid nitrogen (saturation pressure is about 0.03MPa, saturation temperature is 68K), and the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 adopts a coiled heat exchanger structure. The cold side working medium precooled by the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 is further precooled by partially entering the GM refrigerator 4 for precooling and then merging with the remaining part, and then entering the fin channels 92 on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9. This precooling method can adjust the temperature of the cold side working medium inlet, and the adjustment temperature range is 30-70K. By adjusting the precooling mode of the cold side working medium and the hot side working medium, different precooling effects can be achieved, thereby realizing the multi-temperature zone operation test experiment of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 of the positive-secondary conversion catalyst in the liquid hydrogen to liquid nitrogen temperature zone. The test temperature zone of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 can be divided into 30-40K, 40-50K, 50-60K, 60-70K and 70-80K isothermal zones. The first flowmeter 5 and the second flowmeter 6 can measure the flow rates of the hot side inlet 93 and the cold side inlet 95 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9. The packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 specimen is installed in the insulation device 7. The insulation device 7 can adopt a liquid nitrogen insulation container or a vacuum insulation container. The fin type of the middle layer fin channel 91 can select simple fins such as straight fins or perforated fins, and the fin channels 92 on both sides can select high-efficiency fins such as perforated fins, serrated fins, corrugated fins or corrugated-serrated fins; the ortho-secondary conversion catalyst filled in the middle layer fin channel 91 can adopt a hydrated iron oxide catalyst with a mesh size of 30-50 meshes. The packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 measures the temperature and pressure by arranging measuring points at the hot side inlet 93, the hot side outlet 94, the cold side inlet 95, and the cold side outlet 98 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9; a plurality of measuring points are arranged on the fin partition of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 along the flow direction to obtain the temperature distribution of the partition, and then combined with the temperatures of the hot side inlet 93, the hot side outlet 94, the cold side inlet 95, and the cold side outlet 98, the temperature distribution of the fluid in the middle layer fin channel 91 and the fin channels 92 on both sides can be inferred through the heat balance equation, wherein when arranging the measuring points on the partition, a plurality of groups of measuring points are arranged perpendicular to the flow direction, each group of measuring points is arranged along the flow direction, and the number of measuring points arranged along the flow direction is generally greater than the number of measuring point groups arranged perpendicular to the flow direction. The packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 uses a thermal conductivity analysis device 8 to measure the parahydrogen concentration of hydrogen at the hot side inlet 93 and the hot side outlet 94 to test the continuous parahydrogen catalytic conversion reaction effect of hydrogen in the filling intermediate layer fin channel 91. The thermal conductivity analysis device 8 maintains a vacuum constant temperature state of liquid nitrogen temperature, and the parahydrogen concentration is measured by the difference in heat transfer performance of the resistance wire in the pressure tube caused by the different thermal conductivity coefficients of parahydrogen.
另外，测试一般在有氢安全标准的低温实验室中进行，填料式板翅式换热器9的冷侧工质和热侧工质一般均采用延长管的形式延伸到空旷区域，进行安全放空，从而确保实验测试的安全性。In addition, the test is generally carried out in a low-temperature laboratory with hydrogen safety standards. The cold-side working fluid and the hot-side working fluid of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 are generally extended to an open area in the form of an extension pipe for safe venting, thereby ensuring the safety of the experimental test.
如下是本发明的一个实施例，本实施例中，氢气由氢气源1提供，出口温度约为300K。液氮预冷器2采用绕管式换热器结构，冷却工质为饱和液氮(压力约为0.1MPa，饱和温度为78K)，其作用是将运行工质由300K预冷至80K左右。经液氮预冷器2预冷后的氢气分成两股，一股作为热侧工质，进入填料式板翅式换热器9的中间层翅片通道91；另一股作为冷侧工质，进入填料式板翅式换热器9的两侧翅片通道92。负压液氮预冷器3的冷却工质为负压饱和液氮(压力约为0.03MPa，饱和温度为68K)，将冷侧工质由80K进一步预冷至70K左右。GM制冷机4实现冷侧工质和热侧工质的进一步预冷，通过采用部分进入GM制冷机4进行预冷后与剩下部分汇合的方式，实现预冷温度的可调节，热侧工质的预冷温度调节范围为40-80K，冷侧工质的预冷调节范围为30-70K。通过调整冷热侧工质的预冷方式，液氢到液氮温区内填料式板翅式换热器9的测试温区可划分为30-40K、40-50K、50-60K、60-70K和70-80K等温区。填料式板翅式换热器9的尺寸为长*宽*高＝200mm*50mm*30mm。填料式板翅式换热器9的两侧翅片通道92为常规的翅片通道，换热能力弱于中间层翅片通道91，采用打孔翅片、锯齿翅片、波纹翅片或波纹-锯齿翅片等高效翅片；由于正仲转化催化剂的强化换热作用，中间层翅片通道91采用平直翅片或打孔翅片等简单翅片。正仲转化催化剂采用由Molecular Products公司提供的O-P Catalyst型号的催化剂。The following is an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, hydrogen is provided by a hydrogen source 1, and the outlet temperature is about 300K. The liquid nitrogen precooler 2 adopts a coil-wound heat exchanger structure, and the cooling medium is saturated liquid nitrogen (pressure is about 0.1MPa, saturation temperature is 78K), and its function is to precool the operating medium from 300K to about 80K. The hydrogen precooled by the liquid nitrogen precooler 2 is divided into two streams, one as the hot side medium, enters the middle layer fin channel 91 of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9; the other as the cold side medium, enters the fin channels 92 on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9. The cooling medium of the negative pressure liquid nitrogen precooler 3 is negative pressure saturated liquid nitrogen (pressure is about 0.03MPa, saturation temperature is 68K), which further precools the cold side medium from 80K to about 70K. The GM refrigerator 4 realizes further precooling of the cold side working medium and the hot side working medium. By adopting the method of partially entering the GM refrigerator 4 for precooling and then merging with the remaining part, the precooling temperature can be adjusted. The precooling temperature adjustment range of the hot side working medium is 40-80K, and the precooling adjustment range of the cold side working medium is 30-70K. By adjusting the precooling method of the cold and hot side working medium, the test temperature zone of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 in the liquid hydrogen to liquid nitrogen temperature zone can be divided into 30-40K, 40-50K, 50-60K, 60-70K and 70-80K isothermal zones. The size of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 is length*width*height=200mm*50mm*30mm. The fin channels 92 on both sides of the packed plate-fin heat exchanger 9 are conventional fin channels, and their heat exchange capacity is weaker than that of the middle layer fin channels 91. High-efficiency fins such as perforated fins, serrated fins, corrugated fins or corrugated-serrated fins are used. Due to the enhanced heat exchange effect of the secondary conversion catalyst, the middle layer fin channels 91 use simple fins such as straight fins or perforated fins. The secondary conversion catalyst uses the fins provided by Molecular Products. OP Catalyst model catalyst.
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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