CN115333330A - Circuit and method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal marine rescue equipment - Google Patents
Circuit and method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal marine rescue equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115333330A CN115333330A CN202210804633.2A CN202210804633A CN115333330A CN 115333330 A CN115333330 A CN 115333330A CN 202210804633 A CN202210804633 A CN 202210804633A CN 115333330 A CN115333330 A CN 115333330A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000009429 distress Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0032—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode
- H02M1/0035—Control circuits allowing low power mode operation, e.g. in standby mode using burst mode control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an embedded circuit technology, in particular to a circuit and a method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal marine rescue equipment. When the manual switch or the water touch switch acts, the controller is powered on, and the system transmits a distress signal. When a signal for canceling the transmission is acquired, the controller controls the switch circuit to be closed, the voltage of the lithium battery cannot supply power to the system, and the system is in standby. After the water touch switch and the manual switch are not started or a cancel button is pressed, the system is in a standby state, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works, the monitoring distress state is not influenced, meanwhile, the ultra-low power consumption standby state is realized, and the standby time of the lithium battery is prolonged as far as possible. Compared with the prior art, the circuit is simple, and the standby time of the rescue equipment can be effectively prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of embedded circuits, and particularly relates to a circuit and a method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal maritime rescue equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, the world shipping market is also expanded and developed, the transportation volume of oceans and Jiang Hehang is continuously increased, and the occurrence probability of marine accidents is increased. The rescue at sea belongs to passive rescue, and once a marine accident occurs, huge personal casualties and economic losses can be caused. In order to improve the life and property safety guarantee of people and reduce the loss of people and property caused by danger, corresponding equipment must be equipped, and danger information is timely and effectively transmitted to related organizations when a dangerous case occurs. How to reduce the power consumption of the lifesaving system to the maximum extent, reduce unnecessary energy loss and prolong the service life of a battery is a problem which must be considered in the design of lifesaving equipment.
The traditional maritime rescue position indicating mark is started into three types: automatic start, manual start, and remote start. The automatic starting is that after the danger is met, the equipment automatically floats and then the pressure is measured, then the system is automatically started, and the equipment is separated from the floating type support and floats out of the water surface. The manual starting is to manually operate a keyboard, and after a command word is input, the system is started under the condition of no error. Remote control start needs to keep the antenna in a signal receiving state for a long time and analyze a received signal at any time, so that much electric quantity is consumed for remote control start. The floating automatic starting of the personal marine rescue equipment is unrealistic, the manual starting is inconvenient, and the remote control starting consumes much power, so other methods are needed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides a circuit and a method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal rescue equipment at sea.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the circuit for the ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal maritime rescue equipment comprises a lithium battery, a manual switch, a water touch switch, a reset circuit, a switch circuit, a DC-DC circuit, a controller, peripheral equipment, a proportional amplifier and a firing cancellation button; the lithium battery is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the reset circuit, the switch circuit and the DC-DC circuit, the reset circuit is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the switch circuit and the controller, the manual switch and the water contact switch are connected with the lithium battery, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the switch circuit is connected with the reset circuit and the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is connected with the lithium battery, the switch circuit, the controller, the proportional amplifier and the peripheral equipment, the controller is connected with the DC-DC circuit, the peripheral equipment, the emission canceling button, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the peripheral equipment is connected with the DC-DC circuit and the controller, the emission canceling button is connected with the controller, and the proportional amplifier is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch and the controller.
In the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment, the voltage of the lithium battery is accessed by J1, a pin 2 is a positive pin of a power supply, and pins 1 and 3 are grounded.
In the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal marine rescue equipment, the reset circuit is adopted to have
And a programmable delayed nano-power high input voltage monitor TPS3840PH; signals of an external water contact switch and a manual switch are converted into RESET pulse signals, wherein 1 pin of a voltage monitor outputs the RESET signals and is connected with a third resistor R3 and a tenth resistor R12 of a divider resistor to obtain the RESET pulse signals after voltage division, 2 pins are connected with a positive pole power of a lithium battery, 3 pins are connected with a GND (ground), 4 pins are connected with the water contact switch and the manual switch, and 5 pins are connected with a sixth capacitor C8 to the GND.
In the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment, the switching circuit adopts a PMOS tube SI4435BDY and two NPN triodes FMMT495 which are respectively a PMOS tube Q1, a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3 and are used for controlling a lithium battery to supply power to the circuit; the source electrode pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with a power input lithium battery anode power, and is connected with pins 1 of a second capacitor C3, a third capacitor C4 and a second resistor R2, pins 2 of the second capacitor C3 and the third capacitor C4 are grounded, pin 2 of the second resistor R2 is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube Q1, the grid electrode pin of the PMOS tube is connected with collector electrode pins of a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, emitter electrode pins of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3 are grounded, the base electrode pin of the first NPN triode Q2 is connected with a RESET pulse signal after NPN voltage division, the base electrode pin of the second triode Q3 is connected with a pin Control _ Port of a controller and a pin R7 of a sixth resistor to GND, and the drain electrode pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the output voltage Vin of the switching circuit.
In the circuit for the ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment, the proportional amplifier selects a TLC2272IDR integrated circuit chip U3, a power pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with the output voltage Vin of the switch circuit, a power GND pin is connected with GND, a pin of a equidirectional input end is connected with an input signal switch _ in signal of a manual or touch water switch through an eighth resistor R10 and a ninth resistor R11, a pin of a reverse input end is grounded through a seventh resistor R9, a fifth resistor R5 is indirectly fed back between the output pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 and the pin of the reverse input end, an output pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode D4 to GND, and meanwhile, the output pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with an AD acquisition pin ADC _ Port of the controller.
In the above ultra-low power consumption standby circuit for personal rescue equipment, the DC-DC circuit adopts a TPS5450 switching power supply to output a current 5V5A for use by the system, where pins 2, 3, and 5 of the TPS5450 are floating, pin 7 is connected to an output voltage Vin of the switching circuit, pin 6 and pin 9 are grounded, pin 1 is connected to pin 8 through a first capacitor C1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected to GND through a first zener diode D1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected to pin 1 of an inductor L1, pin Vout _5.0V of the inductor L1 is connected to pin 1 of a fourth capacitor C6 and a fifth capacitor C7, pin 2 of the fourth capacitor C6 and pin 2 of the fifth capacitor C7 are connected to GND, pin 2 of the inductor L1 is connected to pin 2 of the first resistor R1 and pin 1 of the fourth resistor R4 through a first resistor R1 and a fourth resistor R4.
In the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment, the water touch switch is two electrodes, and the manual switch is a light touch switch.
In the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment, the controller adopts a singlechip.
A standby method for an ultra-low power consumption standby circuit of personal marine rescue equipment comprises the following steps:
when two electrodes of the water contact switch fall into water, a voltage drop larger than 2.5V is formed to reset the reset circuit, when the manual switch is pressed, the voltage is pulled down to form a trigger signal larger than 2.5V voltage drop, and the reset circuit is reset;
generating a pulse reset pulse signal with a high level of 1.5s by a voltage monitor;
after the reset circuit outputs a 1.5s high-level pulse reset signal, the switching circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery is input into the DC-DC circuit, and the voltage required by the system is output;
the switching circuit is controlled by a controller pin Control _ Port signal and a reset pulse output signal of the reset circuit, when any one output is a high level, the switching circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery allows power supply to a system, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system; when the Control _ Port signal and the reset pulse output signal of the reset circuit both output low levels, the switch circuit is closed, the lithium battery voltage does not supply power to the system, and the DC-DC circuit does not output the system voltage;
the DC-DC circuit continuously outputs the voltage required by the system, the system starts to work, the controller controls the peripheral equipment, and the controller acquires the voltage value of the key and judges whether to send distress information or not;
when the emission canceling button is pressed down, a pin of the emission canceling button generates level change and outputs a falling edge signal;
when the water touch switch or the manual switch is not used, after the pressing time exceeds 1.5s, the reset circuit outputs a low level, the switch circuit is only controlled by a signal output by a Control _ Port pin, the Control _ Port pin outputs a high level system to work, the Control _ Port pin outputs a low level, the switch circuit is closed, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption in the system works, the dangerous case is monitored, and the standby time is prolonged;
when the emission canceling button is not pressed down, the system continues to work normally, and the controller continues to emit distress signals;
9, the controller outputs low level to control a switch circuit of the DC-DC circuit to be disconnected, and the system is in a standby state;
when the button for canceling emission is pressed, the DC-DC circuit is powered off, and the system is in a standby state; the controller outputs high level, controls the reset circuit to output high level, switches off the switch circuit, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works in the system, monitors dangerous situations and prolongs the standby time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: after the water touch switch and the manual switch are not started or a transmission button is not pressed, the system is in a standby state, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works, the state in danger can be detected, meanwhile, the standby state with ultra-low power consumption is realized, the standby current is reduced, and the standby time of the lithium battery is prolonged as far as possible. The circuit is simple, and the standby time of the marine rescue equipment can be effectively prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of a personal rescue at sea device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an ultra-low power consumption standby method for personal rescue equipment at sea according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a water-contact switch, a manual switch and a reset circuit of the circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal rescue equipment at sea according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lithium battery and a switching circuit of a circuit for ultra-low power standby of personal rescue equipment at sea according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a proportional amplifier of a circuit for ultra-low power standby of a personal rescue at sea device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit of an ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the embodiment, the reset circuit with low power consumption is adopted to control the switch circuit, and if the switch is turned on, the voltage source directly inputs voltage to the DC-DC module. The pattern of voltage outputs is derived from the voltage of the inputs. The circuit is used for low-power-consumption standby of the rescue position indicating mark, can directly use a ready-made module by adopting a water-touching starting mode, controls the on-off of a switch circuit by adopting a packaged integrated circuit module of a low-power-consumption reset circuit, and simultaneously increases the functions and circuits of a water-touching switch and a reading mode of key values.
The circuit for the ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment comprises a lithium battery, a manual switch, a water contact switch, a reset circuit, a switch circuit, a DC-DC circuit, a controller, peripheral equipment, a proportional amplifier and a firing cancellation button. The lithium battery is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the reset circuit and the switch circuit, the reset circuit is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the switch circuit and the controller, the manual switch and the water contact switch are connected with the lithium battery, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the switch circuit is connected with the reset circuit and the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is connected with the switch circuit, the controller, the proportional amplifier and the peripheral equipment, the controller is connected with the DC-DC circuit, the peripheral equipment, the cancel button, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the peripheral equipment is connected with the DC-DC circuit and the controller, the cancel button is connected with the controller, and the proportional amplifier is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch and the controller.
The rechargeable lithium battery is used for supplying power to the system;
the water touch switch and the manual switch are used for inputting signals generated by the water touch switch or the manual switch and outputting falling edge signals;
the reset circuit is used for inputting a falling edge signal and outputting a reset pulse signal;
the switching circuit is used for inputting a reset pulse signal or a level signal controlled by the controller, outputting the voltage of the lithium battery and inputting the voltage of the lithium battery to the DC-DC circuit;
the DC-DC circuit is used for inputting the voltage of the lithium battery, outputting the voltage required by the system and supplying power to the system;
the controller is mainly a single chip microcomputer controller and is used for outputting a level signal for controlling the switching circuit, a level signal for controlling the peripheral equipment to work, a voltage signal obtained after the manual switch and the water contact switch are scaled down and a falling edge signal of the emission canceling button;
a cancel emission button for inputting a cancel emission signal and outputting a falling edge signal;
the proportional amplifier is used for inputting voltage signals at two ends of the manual switch or the water-touching switch, outputting the voltage signals of the manual switch or the water-touching switch after the proportion is reduced, and collecting the voltage signals by the singlechip controller;
and the peripheral equipment is used for inputting a control signal of the controller and outputting a distress signal or display information.
And once the water-touching switch touches water, the distress message is sent, and if the water-touching switch is always in water, the distress message is sent all the time. Only when the water touch switch does not touch water, the transmission canceling button stops sending the help-seeking information.
Moreover, after the water touch switch and the manual switch are not started and the emission cancel button is pressed, only the reset circuit works, and the system is in a standby state.
In addition, the reset circuit adopts a high-input voltage monitor with nano power consumption, and the standby time of the lithium battery is prolonged due to the ultra-low power consumption standby mode while the monitoring distress state is not influenced.
The proportional amplifier is used for reducing the voltage values at two ends of the manual switch or the water contact switch to the voltage values suitable for being collected by the single chip microcomputer, when the button is pressed manually, the voltage value of the switch at the moment when the voltage is pressed is 0V, and the voltage value is changed into the battery voltage after the switch is released; when the water touch switch touches water, the voltage value at the two ends of the water touch switch cannot become 0V due to the resistance of the seawater, so that whether the equipment is started manually or by touching water can be judged according to the voltage value acquired by the AD.
Specifically, the voltage of the lithium battery is connected by J1, a pin 2 is a positive pin of a power supply, and pins 1 and 3 are grounded.
Specifically, the reset circuit is adopted to have
And a programmable delayed nano-power high input voltage monitor TPS3840PH. The signals of the external water contact switch and the manual switch are converted into RESET pulse signals, wherein 1 pin of the monitor outputs the RESET signals, the RESET signals are connected with a third resistor R3 and a tenth resistor R12 which divide the voltage, the RESET pulse signals RESET signals after the voltage division are obtained after the voltage division, 2 pins are connected with the anode power of the lithium battery, 3 pins are connected with the GND,4 pins are connected with the water switch and the manual switch, and 5 pins are connected with the C8 to the GND.
Specifically, the switching circuit mainly comprises a PMOS transistor Q1, and a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3 of the two NPN triodes, and is used for controlling the lithium battery to supply power to the circuit. The power supply input lithium battery positive power is connected with a source (S) pole pin of a PMOS pipe Q1, the power supply input lithium battery positive power is connected with pins 1 of a second capacitor C3, a third capacitor C4 and a second resistor R2, pins 2 of the second capacitor C3 and the third capacitor C4 are grounded, pin 2 of the second resistor R2 is connected with a grid (G) pole of the PMOS pipe Q1, a grid (G) pole pin of the PMOS pipe Q1 is connected with collector pins of a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, emitter pins of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3 are grounded, a base pin of the first NPN triode Q2 is connected with a RESET signal after voltage division, a base pin of the second NPN triode Q3 is connected with a pin Control _ Port pin of a singlechip controller and a pin of a fifth resistor R7 to GND, and a drain (G) pole pin of the PMOS pipe Q1 is connected with an output voltage Vin of a switching circuit.
Specifically, the proportional amplifier selects a TLC2272IDR operational amplifier integrated circuit chip U3, a power pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with a voltage Vin, a power GND pin is connected with GND, a pin of a homodromous input end is connected with an input signal switch _ in signal of a manual or touch water switch through an eighth resistor R10 and a ninth resistor R11, a pin of a reverse input end is grounded through a seventh resistor R9, a fifth resistor R5 is indirectly fed back between an output pin of the U3 and the pin of the reverse input end, and because the voltage acquired by the controller singlechip AD has a voltage limit, the output pin of the U3 needs to output the voltage value after the scale reduction, and in order to ensure that the output voltage does not exceed the voltage limit, the output pin of the U3 is connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode D4 to GND, and meanwhile, the output pin of the U3 is connected with an AD acquisition pin ADC _ Port of the controller singlechip.
Specifically, the DC-DC circuit employs a switching power supply, and when the switching circuit is turned on, the lithium battery supplies power to the circuit and outputs a voltage for use by the system, and when the switching circuit is turned off, the lithium battery does not supply power to the circuit.
The working principle of the circuit is as follows: the method comprises the steps that firstly, a rechargeable lithium battery supplies power to a system, a reset chip is connected with a water contact switch and a manual switch, the water contact switch and the manual switch are used for controlling the reset chip to output a reset signal, a switch circuit is used for controlling the lithium battery to supply power to a circuit, a DC-DC circuit is used for converting the voltage of the lithium battery into the voltage required by the system, a controller controls peripheral equipment and the switch circuit, meanwhile, the voltage value of the manual switch or the water contact switch after the two ends of the water contact switch are reduced in proportion is collected and used as the basis for judging whether a distress signal is transmitted, a proportional amplifier is used for reducing the voltage value of the two ends of the manual switch or the water contact switch in proportion, a transmission button is cancelled to collect the basis whether the transmission is cancelled, when the transmission cancelling signal is collected, the controller controls the switch circuit to be closed, the voltage of the lithium battery cannot supply power to the system, and the system is in standby state. After the water touch switch and the manual switch are not started or a transmission button is not pressed, the system is in a standby state, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works, the monitoring distress state is not influenced, meanwhile, the system is in an ultra-low power consumption standby state, and the standby time of the lithium battery is prolonged as far as possible. Compared with the prior art, the circuit is simple, and the standby time of the rescue equipment can be effectively prolonged.
A method for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal marine rescue equipment comprises the following steps:
step S01: the ultra-low power consumption standby mode waits for the switch-on of a water touch switch or a manual switch;
the water touch switch or the manual switch acts on, the water touch switch is two electrodes, when the two electrodes fall into water, a voltage drop larger than 2.5V is formed according to the property of water, the reset circuit is reset, the manual switch is a touch switch, when the key is pressed, the voltage is reduced, a trigger signal larger than the 2.5V voltage drop is formed, and the reset circuit is reset.
Step S02: the reset circuit generates a pulse reset pulse signal which outputs a high level of about 1.5 s;
the 1 pin of the reset circuit generates a pulse reset pulse signal which outputs a high level of about 1.5 s.
Step S03: the reset pulse signal controls the switch circuit to be opened, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system;
after the reset circuit outputs a pulse high-level reset signal of 1.5s, the switch circuit is opened, the voltage of the lithium battery flows into the DC-DC circuit, and the voltage required by the system is output.
Step S04: the controller is electrified, the controller outputs a high level to keep the switch circuit on, and the DC-DC circuit continuously outputs the voltage required by the system;
the switching circuit is controlled by a controller pin Control _ Port signal and a reset pulse output signal of the reset circuit, when any one output is a high level, the switching circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery allows power supply to a system, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system; when the Control _ Port signal and the output signal of the reset circuit both output low levels, the switch circuit is closed, the lithium battery voltage does not supply power to the system, and the DC-DC circuit does not output the system voltage.
Step S05: the ADC _ Port acquires the voltage value of the key to obtain the state of a water-contact switch, reads the state of a manual switch key and judges whether rescue information needs to be transmitted or not, and if not, the step S09 is executed;
the DC-DC circuit continuously outputs the voltage required by the system, the system starts to work, the controller controls the peripheral equipment, and the controller collects the voltage value of the key and judges whether to send distress information.
Step S06: the controller monitors a cancel launch button;
when the emission canceling button is pressed down, the pin of the emission canceling button can generate level change and output a falling edge signal.
Step S07: when the cancel firing button is pressed, firing is cancelled, and step S09 is advanced; when the water touch switch or the manual switch is not operated, after the pressing time exceeds 1.5s, the reset circuit outputs a low level, the switch circuit is only controlled by a signal output by a Control _ Port pin of the single chip microcomputer controller, the Control _ Port pin outputs a high level system to operate, the Control _ Port pin outputs a low level, the switch circuit is closed, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption operates in the system, the power consumption is low, the dangerous case monitoring function is achieved, and the standby time can be prolonged.
Step S08: when the transmission canceling button is not pressed down, the controller controls the peripheral circuit to transmit distress information;
when the cancel transmission button is not pressed, the system continues to work normally, and the controller continues to transmit the distress signal.
Step S09: the controller outputs low level to control the switch circuit of the DC-DC circuit to be switched off, and the system is in a standby state;
when the button for canceling emission is pressed, the DC-DC circuit is powered off, and the system is in a standby state. The singlechip outputs high level, controls the reset circuit to output high level, switches off the switch circuit, and only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works in the system, so that the singlechip has the function of monitoring dangerous situations while the power consumption is low, and the standby time is prolonged.
The working principle of the circuit for the ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment is as follows:
the method comprises the steps that a water contact switch or a manual switch monitors a command that a user needs to send a distress signal, a reset circuit outputs a high-level reset pulse, a switch circuit is started, the voltage of a lithium battery is input into a DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit functions to output the voltage needed by a system, a controller is powered on at the same time, a Control _ Port pin is controlled to output the high-level reset pulse to Control the switch circuit to be opened all the time, the DC-DC circuit works all the time, the controller controls peripheral equipment to supply power and work according to a flow, a proportional amplifier works at the same time, a single-chip microcomputer acquires the voltage value output by the proportional amplifier through the ADC _ Port pin and judges whether the button is manually pressed or touched, the controller monitors whether a cancel button is pressed or not in real time, when the cancel button is pressed, the controller controls the Control _ Port pin to output a low level, the switch circuit is closed, and the system is in standby.
Furthermore, the controller is a singlechip with AD acquisition.
Furthermore, the voltage of the lithium battery is accessed by J1, 2 pins are positive pins of the power supply, and 1 pin and 3 pins are grounded.
Further, the reset circuit is adopted to have
And a programmable delay nano-power high input voltage monitor. The signals of the external water contact switch and the manual switch are converted into RESET pulse signals, wherein 1 pin of the monitor outputs the RESET signals, the RESET signals are connected with a third resistor R3 and a tenth resistor R12 of the divider resistor, the RESET pulse signals RESET signals after voltage division are obtained after voltage division, 2 pins are connected with the anode power of the lithium battery, 3 pins are connected with the GND,4 pins are connected with the water contact switch and the manual switch, and 5 pins are connected with the sixth capacitor C8 to the GND.
Furthermore, the switch circuit mainly comprises a PMOS tube Q1 and a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, and controls the lithium battery to supply power to the system. The source (S) pole pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the anode power of the lithium battery and is connected with the pins 1 of the second capacitor C3, the third capacitor C4 and the second resistor R2, the pins 2 of the second capacitor C3 and the third capacitor C4 are grounded, the pin 2 of the second resistor R2 is connected with the grid (G) pole of the PMOS tube Q1, the grid (G) pole pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the collector pins of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3, the emitter pins of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3 are grounded, the base pin of the first NPN triode Q2 is connected with a RESET signal after voltage division, the base pin of the second NPN triode Q3 is connected with the singlechip pin Control _ Port of the controller and the sixth resistor R7 to GND, and the drain (G) pole pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the output voltage Vin of the switching circuit.
Furthermore, the proportional amplifier is an operational amplifier integrated circuit chip U3, a power pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with a voltage Vin, a power GND pin is connected with GND, a homodromous input terminal pin is connected with a switch _ in signal through an eighth resistor R10 and a ninth resistor R11, a reverse input terminal pin is grounded through a seventh resistor R9, and a resistor fifth resistor R5 is indirectly fed back between an output pin of the U3 and the reverse input terminal pin, because the voltage acquired by the AD of the controller singlechip is limited, the output pin of the U3 needs to output the voltage value after the scale reduction, in order to ensure that the output voltage does not exceed the limited value, the output pin of the U3 is connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode D4 to GND, and meanwhile, the output pin of the U3 is connected with an AD acquisition pin ADC _ Port of the controller singlechip.
Further, the DC-DC circuit employs a switching power supply that outputs a voltage for use by the system when the switching circuit is turned on, and no voltage is output when the switching circuit is turned off.
Specifically, the water contact switch or the manual switch acts, the water contact switch is two electrodes, when the two electrodes fall into water, a voltage drop larger than 2.5V is formed according to the property of water, the reset circuit is reset, the manual switch is a touch switch, when the key is pressed, the voltage is reduced, a trigger signal larger than 2.5V voltage drop is formed, and the reset circuit is reset.
Specifically, a pin 1 of the reset circuit generates a pulse reset pulse signal which outputs a high level of about 1.5 s;
specifically, the switch circuit is controlled by a pin Control _ Port signal of the singlechip controller and a reset signal output signal of the reset circuit, when any one of the switch circuit outputs a high level, the switch circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery flows into the DC-DC circuit, and the voltage required by the system is output; when the Control _ Port signal and the output signal of the reset circuit both output low levels, the switch circuit is turned off, and the voltage of the lithium battery does not flow into the DC-DC circuit.
Specifically, when a reset key or a water contact switch is pressed down, a pin 1 of the reset circuit generates a pulse reset pulse signal which outputs a high level of about 1.5s, the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system within 1.5s of the high level, the controller is powered on, a Control _ Port pin outputs the high level, the switch circuit is continuously opened, and the system works.
Specifically, after the reset key is pressed or the water contact switch is in water contact for 1.5s, the switch circuit is controlled by the Control _ Port pin to be opened or not, when the Control _ Port pin outputs a high level, the switch circuit is opened, the DC-DC works to provide required voltage for the system, when the Control _ Port pin outputs a low level, the switch circuit is closed, the DC-DC circuit outputs system voltage, and the system is powered off.
When the circuit is specifically implemented, the circuit for the ultra-low power consumption standby of the personal marine rescue equipment comprises the following components: lithium battery, manual switch, water touch switch, reset circuit, switch circuit, DC-DC circuit, controller, peripheral equipment, proportional amplifier and cancel transmission button, and its signal flow diagram is shown in FIG. 1. The rechargeable lithium battery supplies power to the system, the reset chip is connected with the water contact switch and the manual switch, the water contact switch and the manual switch control the reset chip to output a reset signal, the switch circuit is used for controlling the voltage of the lithium battery to a post-stage DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is used for converting the voltage of the lithium battery into the voltage required by the system to supply power to the system, the controller controls the peripheral equipment and the switch circuit, the voltage values of the manual switch and the water contact switch are collected at the same time and used as the basis for judging whether to transmit the signal, the state of the transmission canceling button is monitored and used as the basis for canceling the transmission, when the transmission canceling signal is collected, the controller controls the reset circuit, and the system is in standby.
As shown in fig. 2, a flowchart of a method for ultra-low power consumption standby of a personal rescue at sea device in the embodiment is as follows:
step S01: the ultra-low power consumption standby mode waits for a water touch switch or a manual switch to be switched on;
step S02: the reset circuit generates a pulse reset pulse signal which outputs a high level of about 1.5 s;
step S03: the reset pulse signal controls the switch circuit to be switched on, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system;
step S04: the controller is electrified, the controller outputs a high level to keep the switch circuit on, and the DC-DC circuit continuously outputs the voltage required by the system;
step S05: the single chip microcomputer controller ADC _ Port collects the voltage value of the key to obtain the state of a water-contact switch, reads the state of a manual switch key, judges whether rescue information needs to be transmitted or not, and if not, enters the step S09;
step S06: the controller monitors the launch cancel button;
step S07: when the cancel button is pressed, the transmission is cancelled, and step S09 is advanced;
step S08: when the cancel button is not pressed down, the controller controls the peripheral circuit to transmit distress information;
step S09: the controller outputs low level to control the switch circuit of the DC-DC circuit to be switched off, and the system is in a standby state.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a water touch switch, a manual switch and a reset circuit of a circuit for ultra-low power standby of personal rescue equipment according to the embodiment. Two pins of the water contact switch P1 are respectively contacted with two poles of the water switch, the water contact switch is two electrodes which are not connected, in seawater, the seawater is conductive, and the electrodes are conducted. The KEY1 is a manual switch, and when the KEY presses down the two pins of the KEY1, the two pins are conducted. The water contact switch is connected with the manual switch in parallel, when the switch is not conducted, the switch _ in signals are all high levels, and when the switch is conducted, the switch _ in signals are low levels. When the manual switch is pressed, the switch _ in voltage can recover to the battery voltage from 0V again, and the switch _ in voltage is in contact with waterThe switch touches water, according to the electric conductivity of sea water, will present certain resistance, and the voltage can not be 0V voltage, consequently can confirm through the difference of voltage and judge whether touch water switch start or manual switch start. The reset circuit is selected to have
And a programmable delay TPS3840 nano-power consumption high input voltage monitor TPS3840PH integrated circuit chip U1, wherein a pin 1 of the integrated circuit chip U1 outputs a RESET signal, a third resistor R3 and a tenth resistor R12 are connected with a voltage division resistor to divide the voltage to obtain a RESET signal, a pin 2 is connected with a power, a pin 3 is connected with a GND, a pin 4 is connected with a water switch and a manual switch, and a pin 5 is connected with a sixth capacitor C8 to the GND. The principle of the reset circuit is that when the 4 pins have a falling edge signal, the 5 pins are pulled down, the sixth capacitor C8 starts to charge, meanwhile, the 1 pin outputs a high-level reset signal, and when the sixth capacitor C8 is charged to exceed 2.5V, the low-level signal of the 1 pin jumps to a low-level signal. When the water touch switch or the manual switch is pressed down, a voltage drop of 2.5V is generated at a pin 4 of the TPS3840PH, a pin 1 and a pin 5 of the TPS3840PH are triggered to generate a high level, when the charging of the pin 5 of the TPS3840PH exceeds 2.5V, the pin 1 of the TPS3840PH outputs a low level, and a RESET signal controls the switch circuit.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switching circuit of the circuit for ultra-low power standby of the personal rescue equipment at sea according to the embodiment. The switch circuit mainly adopts a PMOS tube SI4435BDY and two NPN triodes FMMT495, the labels of which are respectively a PMOS tube Q1, a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, and the on-off of the voltage of the lithium battery flowing into the following circuit is controlled. And the switching circuit adopts a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube SI4435BDY to control the on-off of the voltage of the lithium battery flowing into a circuit behind. Pins 1, 2 and 3 of the SI4435BDY are connected with a power and are connected with pins 1 of a second capacitor C3 and a third capacitor C4, pins 2 of the second capacitor C3 and the third capacitor C4 are grounded, pins 4 of a PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube SI4435BDY are connected with pins 3 of a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, pins 2 of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3 are grounded, pin 1 of the first NPN triode Q2 is connected with a RESET (RESET), pin 1 of the second NPN triode Q3 is connected with pin PC0 and a sixth resistor R7 of a controller singlechip to GND (ground), and pins 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the PMOS tube SI4435BDY are connected with a Vin. The principle of the switching circuit is that a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3 are controlled by a RESET signal RESET and a pin PC0 respectively, when any one of the NPN triodes generates a high level, the corresponding triode is conducted, the GS electrode of a PMOS tube Q1 generates a voltage difference, the PMOS tube Q1 is conducted, and Vin is output by voltage.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a proportional amplifier of a circuit for ultra-low power standby of a personal rescue device in the present embodiment. After the manual switch is pressed down, the switch _ in voltage can be recovered to the battery voltage from 0V, the water-contact switch contacts water, resistance can be presented according to the conductivity of the sea, the voltage can not be transmitted to 0V to be changed into the battery voltage, and therefore whether the water-contact switch is started or the manual switch is started can be determined according to different voltages. The proportion amplifier selects TLC2272IDR integrated circuit chip U3 for use, 4 feet of integrated circuit chip U3 connect voltage VI,4 feet connect GND,3 feet connect switch _ in signal through eighth resistance R10 and ninth resistance R11, 2 feet connect ground through seventh resistance R9, 1 foot and 2 feet indirectly feed back resistance fifth resistance R5, because the voltage that the singlechip can receive is less than 3.3V, so voltage after the 1 foot output scale is reduced, gather by automatic ADC pin PC4 feet of singlechip. Calculating according to the principle of the virtual short and the virtual break to obtain:
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit of a circuit for ultra-low power standby of a personal rescue device at sea. The DC-DC circuit adopts TPS5450, and outputs 5V5A current for the system according to the requirement. Pins 2, 3 and 5 of the TPS5450 are suspended, pins 7 are connected with Vin, pins 6 and 9 are grounded, pin 1 is connected to pin 8 through a first capacitor C1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected with GND through a first voltage stabilizing diode D1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected with pin 1 of an inductor L1, pin Vout _5.0V of the inductor L1 is connected with pin 1 of a fourth capacitor C6 and a fifth capacitor C7, pin 2 of the fourth capacitor C6 and the fifth capacitor C7 is connected with GND, pin 2 of the inductor L1 is connected with GND through a first resistor R1 and a fourth resistor R4, and pin 4 of the TPS5450 is connected with pin 2 of the first resistor R1 and pin 1 of the fourth resistor R4.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A circuit for ultra-low power consumption standby of personal rescue equipment at sea is characterized in that: the device comprises a lithium battery, a manual switch, a water contact switch, a reset circuit, a switch circuit, a DC-DC circuit, a controller, peripheral equipment, a proportional amplifier and a firing cancellation button; the lithium battery is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the reset circuit, the switch circuit and the DC-DC circuit, the reset circuit is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch, the switch circuit and the controller, the manual switch and the water contact switch are connected with the lithium battery, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the switch circuit is connected with the reset circuit and the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is connected with the lithium battery, the switch circuit, the controller, the proportional amplifier and the peripheral equipment, the controller is connected with the DC-DC circuit, the peripheral equipment, the emission canceling button, the reset circuit and the proportional amplifier, the peripheral equipment is connected with the DC-DC circuit and the controller, the emission canceling button is connected with the controller, and the proportional amplifier is connected with the manual switch, the water contact switch and the controller.
2. The ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the voltage of the lithium battery is connected by J1, 2 pins are positive pins of the power supply, and 1 pin and 3 pins are grounded.
3. The ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reset circuit is provided with
And a programmable delayed nano-power high input voltage monitor TPS3840PH; converting signals of an external water-contact switch and a manual switch into reset pulse signals, wherein voltage monitoringA pin 1 of the device outputs a RESET signal, the RESET signal is connected with a third resistor R3 and a tenth resistor R12 of a divider resistor to obtain a RESET pulse signal RESET signal after voltage division, a pin 2 is connected with a lithium battery anode power, a pin 3 is connected with a GND (ground) terminal, a pin 4 is connected with a water switch and a manual switch, and a pin 5 is connected with a sixth capacitor C8 to the GND terminal.
4. The ultra-low power consumption standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the switching circuit adopts a PMOS tube SI4435BDY and two NPN triodes FMMT495 which are respectively a PMOS tube Q1, a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3 and are used for controlling the lithium battery to supply power to the circuit; the source electrode pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with a power input lithium battery anode power, and is connected with pins 1 of a second capacitor C3, a third capacitor C4 and a second resistor R2, pins 2 of the second capacitor C3 and the third capacitor C4 are grounded, pin 2 of the second resistor R2 is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube Q1, the grid electrode pin of the PMOS tube is connected with collector electrode pins of a first NPN triode Q2 and a second NPN triode Q3, emitter electrode pins of the first NPN triode Q2 and the second NPN triode Q3 are grounded, the base electrode pin of the first NPN triode Q2 is connected with a RESET pulse signal after NPN voltage division, the base electrode pin of the second triode Q3 is connected with a pin Control _ Port of a controller and a pin R7 of a sixth resistor to GND, and the drain electrode pin of the PMOS tube Q1 is connected with the output voltage Vin of the switching circuit.
5. The ultra-low power consumption standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportion amplifier selects a TLC2272IDR integrated circuit chip U3, a power pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with the output voltage Vin of the switch circuit, a power GND pin is connected with GND, a homodromous input end pin is connected with an input signal switch _ in signal of a manual or touch water switch through an eighth resistor R10 and a ninth resistor R11, a reverse input end pin is grounded through a seventh resistor R9, a fifth resistor R5 is indirectly fed back between an output pin and a reverse input end pin of the integrated circuit chip U3, an output pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with a second voltage stabilizing diode D4 to GND, and meanwhile, an output pin of the integrated circuit chip U3 is connected with an AD acquisition pin ADC _ Port of the controller.
6. The ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the DC-DC circuit adopts a TPS5450 switching power supply to output current 5V5A used by a system, wherein pins 2, 3 and 5 of the TPS5450 are suspended, pin 7 is connected with output voltage Vin of the switching circuit, pin 6 and pin 9 are grounded, pin 1 is connected to pin 8 through a first capacitor C1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected with GND through a first voltage stabilizing diode D1, pin 2 of the first capacitor C1 is connected with pin 1 of an inductor L1, pin Vout _5.0V of the inductor L1 is connected with pin 1 of a fourth capacitor C6 and a fifth capacitor C7, pin 2 of the fourth capacitor C6 and the fifth capacitor C7 is connected with GND, pin 2 of the inductor L1 is connected with GND through a first resistor R1 and a fourth resistor R4, and pin 4 of the TPS5450 is connected with pin 2 of the first resistor R1 and pin 1 of the fourth resistor R4.
7. The ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water touch switch is two electrodes, and the manual switch is a light touch switch.
8. The ultra-low power standby circuit for personal rescue equipment at sea according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller adopts a singlechip.
9. The standby method of the ultra-low power consumption standby circuit for the personal marine rescue apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, ultra-low power consumption standby, waiting for a water touch switch or a manual switch to be switched on;
when two electrodes of the water contact switch fall into water, a voltage drop larger than 2.5V is formed to reset the reset circuit, when the manual switch is pressed, the voltage is pulled down to form a trigger signal larger than 2.5V voltage drop, and the reset circuit is reset;
step 2, the reset circuit generates and outputs a pulse reset pulse signal with a high level of 1.5 s;
generating a pulse reset pulse signal with a high level of 1.5s output by a voltage monitor;
step 3, the reset pulse signal controls the switch circuit to be switched on, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system;
after the reset circuit outputs a 1.5s high-level pulse reset signal, the switching circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery is input into the DC-DC circuit, and the voltage required by the system is output;
step 4, electrifying the controller, outputting a high level by the controller to keep the switch circuit open, and continuously outputting the voltage required by the system by the DC-DC circuit;
the switching circuit is controlled by a controller pin Control _ Port signal and a reset pulse output signal of the reset circuit, when any one output is a high level, the switching circuit is switched on, the voltage of the lithium battery allows power supply to the system, and the DC-DC circuit outputs the voltage required by the system; when the Control _ Port signal and the reset pulse output signal of the reset circuit both output low levels, the switch circuit is closed, the lithium battery voltage does not supply power to the system, and the DC-DC circuit does not output the system voltage;
step 5, the ADC _ Port of the controller collects the voltage value of the key to obtain the state of a water-touching switch, reads the state of a manual switch key and judges whether rescue information needs to be transmitted or not, and if not, the step 9 is carried out;
the DC-DC circuit continuously outputs the voltage required by the system, the system starts to work, the controller controls the peripheral equipment, and the controller acquires the voltage value of the key and judges whether to send distress information or not;
step 6, the controller monitors a button for canceling emission;
when the emission canceling button is pressed down, a pin of the emission canceling button generates level change and outputs a falling edge signal;
step 7, when a firing cancel button is pressed, firing is cancelled, and the step 9 is entered;
when the water touch switch or the manual switch is not used, after the pressing time exceeds 1.5s, the reset circuit outputs a low level, the switch circuit is only controlled by a signal output by a Control _ Port pin, the Control _ Port pin outputs a high level system to work, the Control _ Port pin outputs a low level, the switch circuit is closed, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption in the system works, the dangerous case is monitored, and the standby time is prolonged;
step 8, when the emission canceling button is not pressed down, the controller controls the peripheral circuit to emit distress information;
when the emission canceling button is not pressed down, the system continues to work normally, and the controller continues to emit distress signals;
9, the controller outputs low level to control the switch circuit of the DC-DC circuit to be switched off, and the system is in a standby state;
when the button for canceling emission is pressed, the DC-DC circuit is powered off, and the system is in a standby state; the controller outputs high level, controls the reset circuit to output high level, switches off the switch circuit, only the reset circuit with nano power consumption works in the system, monitors dangerous situations and prolongs the standby time.
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| US20050189821A1 (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-09-01 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor apparatus for controlling a switching power supply |
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