CN115330756A - Light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification method and system in OCT image - Google Patents
Light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification method and system in OCT image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on light and shadow characteristics, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an OCT image, and removing a catheter area in the OCT image; obtaining a gray value accumulation curve of the OCT image without the catheter area and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve; accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve; and obtaining the position of the guide wire according to the step length accumulation curve, and correcting the position of the guide wire to finish the identification of the guide wire. The guide wire position is judged frame by frame according to the step-size accumulation curve, and then the guide wire is corrected according to the front reference frame and the rear reference frame.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of OCT image recognition, in particular to a method and a system for recognizing a guide wire in an OCT image based on light and shadow characteristics.
Background
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) can guide Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Compared with the simple radiography, the method can optimize the stent implantation guidance and clinical prognosis, namely improve the expansion and adherence conditions of the stent, reduce the complication incidence rate of the stent implantation and the like.
One OCT scan can obtain 200 to 300 image sequences, and three kinds of shadows generally exist in the images, namely: a guide wire, a stent, a vessel branch, etc., as shown in fig. 1. According to the current OCT image acquisition method, a guide wire and a light shadow formed by the guide wire have to appear in an image, and the guide wire light shadow is similar to the light shadow of a wider stent and is easily confused (as shown in fig. 2), which brings obstacles for further research and engineering of an image processing algorithm taking an OCT image as a research object.
In the prior art, for identification and removal of a guide wire in OCT, direct pixel correction is mostly adopted, for example, in a patent with a patent number of cn201910839921.X and named as an intravascular optical coherence tomography blood vessel wall inner contour automatic identification method, when identifying the guide wire, "an image Inone is traversed according to the number of lines in a column coordinate range of 0 to n/5, and if the number of pixels which are continuously 1 in the same line is less than 20, the pixels are set to 0, so that the guide wire is removed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and a system for identifying a guidewire in an OCT image based on light and shadow features, which identify a guidewire presence region based on the light and shadow features in the OCT image.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on light and shadow features of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring an OCT image, and removing a catheter area in the OCT image;
s2, obtaining a gray value accumulation curve of the OCT image without the catheter area and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve;
s3, accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve;
and S4, obtaining the guide wire position according to the step-length accumulation curve, correcting the guide wire position and finishing the identification of the guide wire.
Further preferably, in S1, the acquiring the OCT image and removing the catheter region in the OCT image includes the following steps:
s101, obtaining an OCT image under a polar coordinate system;
s102, identifying a catheter region for acquiring an OCT image;
s103, reassigning the pixel values of the identified catheter area;
and S104, transforming the OCT image after the assignment processing to a plane rectangular coordinate system.
Further preferably, in S2, the method further includes performing binarization processing on the OCT image from which the catheter region is removed, and performing gray value accumulation calculation on the binarized image to obtain a gray value accumulation curve.
Further preferably, in S2, the cumulative gray-level value curve obtained by removing the OCT image of the catheter region is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
which represents the cumulative curve of the gray-value,
representing the OCT image height in planar rectangular coordinates,
representing the plane rectangular coordinate
Go to the first
OCT image pixel values of the column.
Further preferably, in S2, the smoothing of the obtained gray-scale value accumulation curve includes: according to the set smoothing times
And flat slider length
And smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve according to the following formula:
in the formula:
which represents the curve after the smoothing is completed,
which represents the cumulative curve of the gray-value,
representing the width of the OCT image in planar rectangular coordinates.
Further preferably, in S3, the step size is accumulated according to a preset step size, and an obtained step size accumulation curve is represented according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a step-size accumulation curve is shown,
which represents a smoothing curve, is shown,
represents the width of an OCT image in a plane rectangular coordinate,
and representing the accumulation step length, wherein the accumulation step length is taken as the guide wire width.
Further preferably, in S4, the obtaining the position of the guide wire according to the step-size summation curve includes: in OCT image
Middle handle curve
Abscissa corresponding to lowest value
Regarding the center position of the guide wire, the curve is processed according to the following formula
Continuously taking the minimum value to obtain the position of the guide wire;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
The position of the guide wire in the frame image,
is shown as
And accumulating the curve according to the corresponding step length of the frame.
Further preferably, in S4, when the guide wire position is obtained and corrected according to the step-size accumulation curve, the method includes:
s401, setting guide wire correction reference frame number
Correcting the tolerance of the guide wire
Probability distribution function
And each frame of guide wire position parameters
(ii) a The guide wire correction reference frame number
The method comprises the following steps of (1) setting reference frames with different weight coefficients in front and back adjacent frames, front and back odd or even frames and front and back;
s402, calculating the probability distribution of the guide wire position of the current frame according to the following formula
；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
The probability distribution of the position of the guide wire is framed,
denotes the first
Frame guide wire position;
s403, obtaining the formula
Abscissa corresponding to maximum function value
In the area of the handle
Regions may exist for the guidewire to be considered, otherwise corrections are made.
Further preferably, the corrected guidewire position is expressed according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
Corrected guidewire position for the frame.
The invention also provides a light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification system in the OCT image, which is used for implementing the light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification method in the OCT image, and comprises the following steps: the image acquisition module is used for acquiring the OCT image and removing the catheter area in the OCT image; the smoothing processing module is used for removing the OCT image of the catheter area to obtain a gray value accumulation curve and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve; the curve calculation module is used for accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve; and the guide wire correcting module is used for obtaining the position of the guide wire according to the step length accumulation curve, correcting the position of the guide wire and finishing the identification of the guide wire.
Compared with the prior art, the method and the system for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow characteristics at least have the following advantages:
according to the method, gray value accumulation processing is adopted in an OCT image for removing a catheter area, a step-size accumulation curve is further obtained, the position of the guide wire is judged frame by frame according to the step-size accumulation curve, the guide wire is corrected according to front and back reference frames, and the judgment is directly carried out according to pixel values.
In the method, the positions of the guide wires obtained from the current frame are corrected according to the probability distribution function of the front and rear reference frames, the scheme is more scientific, and the influence on the internal environment of other blood vessels is avoided when the guide wires are deleted in the later period.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an OCT image in a rectangular plane coordinate system in which three kinds of light and shadow exist in the background art.
FIG. 2 is an OCT image in a rectangular plane coordinate system with a wide stent in the background art.
Fig. 3 is an OCT image in a polar coordinate system acquired in example 1 of the present application.
Fig. 4 is an OCT image in a rectangular plane coordinate system with the catheter region removed in example 1 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is an OCT image in a polar coordinate system in embodiment 2 of the present application.
Fig. 6 is an OCT image in a plane orthogonal coordinate system with a catheter region removed in embodiment 2 of the present application.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the effect of OCT image and Otsu processing in a rectangular planar coordinate system according to the present application.
FIG. 8 is a plot of the present application along the abscissa
Of variation
Direction accumulation value curve.
Fig. 9 is a graph of an accumulated value after smoothing in the present application.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a step-size summation curve and a guide wire position in the present application.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a step-size accumulation curve, a guide wire position, and a corresponding probability distribution curve in the first frame shown in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a step-size accumulation curve, a guide wire position, and a corresponding probability distribution curve in the second frame shown in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a step-size accumulation curve, a guidewire position, and a corresponding probability distribution curve in the third frame shown in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a step-size accumulation curve, a guide wire position, and a corresponding probability distribution curve in the fourth frame shown in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a step-size accumulation curve, a guide wire position, and a corresponding probability distribution curve in the fifth frame shown in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Figure 16 is a probability distribution curve for guidewire position in the present application and corrected guidewire position for figure 13.
Fig. 17 is a schematic flowchart of a method for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on light and shadow features according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 17, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a method for identifying a guidewire in an OCT image based on light and shadow features.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring an OCT image, and removing a catheter area in the OCT image;
s2, obtaining a gray value accumulation curve of the OCT image without the catheter area and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve;
s3, accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve;
and S4, obtaining the guide wire position according to the step length accumulation curve, correcting the guide wire position and completing the identification of the guide wire.
As shown in fig. 3, in S1, the acquiring the OCT image and removing the catheter region in the OCT image includes the steps of:
s101, obtaining an OCT image under a polar coordinate system;
s102, identifying a catheter region for acquiring an OCT image;
s103, reassigning the pixel values of the identified catheter area;
and S104, transforming the OCT image subjected to assignment processing into a plane rectangular coordinate system.
Example 1 in a polar coordinate system
Line of
Column(s) of
OCT image
The catheter region is selected by the physician. The method assumes that the catheter region is circular, i.e. the received information is the center coordinates and radius of the catheter region, as shown in FIG. 3
Shown in the graph. Then the region is mapped to a planar rectangular coordinate system region, and the planar rectangular coordinate system region is subjected to planar rectangular coordinate system
Line of
Column(s) of
OCT image
Where the area pixel values are set to zero or to smaller values as in figure 4. Figure 3 is an OCT image in a polar coordinate system,
the curve represents the region of the catheter selected by the physician (assuming that the region is circular, centered at the very center of the image). Figure 4 is an OCT image in a planar orthogonal coordinate system with the catheter region removed (zeroed).
Example 2 the reason for the catheter region being selected by the physician is that in the clinic the catheter region (assuming that the region is circular, its center of the circle) is not necessarily centered in the OCT image. When the catheter region is not exactly centered in the OCT image, the corresponding region in the plane orthogonal coordinate system should be changed, as shown in fig. 5 and 6. Fig. 5 shows, in a polar coordinate system, an OCT image,
the curve represents a region of the catheter selected by the physician (assuming that the region is circular, it is not centered in the image). FIG. 6 is a view of the catheter area of FIG. 5
And the OCT image under the plane rectangular coordinate system with the area in the curve removed (set to be zero).
It should be noted that the conduit region "is assumed to be circular for convenience of description and handling. It is also within the scope of this patent to assume that the catheter region is treated as an arbitrary polygon. The size of the row and column of the image under the polar coordinate system and the image under the plane rectangular coordinate system have no absolute relation and can be arbitrarily scaled. Are intended to be covered by this patent. It is within the scope of this patent to describe that "pixel value set to zero" may be replaced by "pixel value set to low".
And S2, performing binarization processing on the OCT image without the catheter area, and performing gray value accumulation calculation on the image after binarization processing to obtain a gray value accumulation curve.
Further, the original image is not binarized, and gray value accumulation is directly carried out to obtain a curve
And are intended to be covered by the present patent. Binarization is performed to facilitate reduction of noise vs. curve in the image
The effect of the degree of smoothing. Firstly, under the rectangular plane coordinate system, the pair
Line for mobile communication terminal
Column(s) of
OCT image
The binarization is performed by, but not limited to, otsu's method, and the processing effect is shown in FIG. 7. And in the image, respectively different
Corresponding to
Accumulating all the pixel values in the direction to obtain a curve
As shown in fig. 8.
In S2, the cumulative gray-level curve obtained by removing the OCT image of the catheter region is expressed by the following formula 1:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
which represents a cumulative curve of the gray-value,
representing the OCT image height in a planar rectangular coordinate system,
representing the plane rectangular coordinate
Go to the first
OCT image pixel values of the column.
Next, in S2, the smoothing processing on the obtained gray-value accumulation curve includes: according to the set smoothing times
Length of the flat slide
And smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve according to the following formula:
In the formula:
it is shown that the curve after the smoothing,
the curve of the original curve is shown,
and the width of the OCT image under a plane rectangular coordinate system is shown.
The purpose of curve smoothing is: and the influence of noise in the image on the smoothness of the curve is reduced. Therefore, the smoothing method itself may use the above mathematical expression, but is not limited to the above mathematical expression. It is within the scope of this patent to use "curve smoothing" as a direct or indirect method of objective.
Completely replacing the original curve after each smoothing, i.e.：
Until the smoothing times reach
Next, the process is carried out. Get
The time curve smoothing effect is shown in FIG. 9 by
And (4) curve representation.
Further in S3, the step length accumulation curve obtained by accumulating according to the preset step length is used for the purpose of curve step length accumulation, which is to find a "continuous low value" interval in the curve. It is within the scope of this patent to express the following mathematical expressions, but not limited to the method. Specifically including the hypothetical width of the guide wire
And as the step length, performing step length accumulation on the curve, wherein the expression of the step length accumulation curve is as follows:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a step-size accumulation curve is shown,
which represents a smoothing curve, is shown,
representing the width of an OCT image in a plane rectangular coordinate system,
represents the accumulation step length, saidThe accumulated step length is taken as the guide wire width.
Finally, based on step length accumulation curve
Deriving position of guide wire, i.e. in OCT image
Middle handle curve
Abscissa corresponding to lowest value
The position is regarded as the center position of the guide wire. As shown in FIG. 10, the step-size accumulation curve is composed of
Showing the position of the guide wire by a straight line
And (4) showing. In common with
In the frame OCT image sequence, let
For the guidewire position, then:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
The position of the guide wire in the frame image,
is shown as
And accumulating the curve according to the corresponding step length of the frame.
When a wider stent is present in the OCT image, the stent may be misidentified as a guidewire. In order to reduce guide wire misjudgment, after all frame guide wires are identified, the guide wire position is corrected according to the characteristic that the guide wire positions of the front frame and the rear frame are relatively continuous. Specifically, in S4, when the position of the guide wire is obtained and corrected according to the step-size accumulation curve, the method includes the following steps: setting guide wire correction reference frame number
Correcting tolerance for guidewire
Probability distribution function
And setting the position of each guide wire
. To the first
When the frame carries out guide wire correction, the probability distribution of the guide wire position of the current frame is obtained based on the guide wire positions of the previous frame and the next frame
The expression is as follows:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
The probability distribution of the position of the guide wire of the frame,
is shown as
Frame guidewire position.
The above mathematical expression is not limited. Guide wire correction reference frame number
The method comprises the following steps of (1) setting reference frames with different weight coefficients in front and back of adjacent frames, front and back odd or even frames and front and back of frames; are intended to be covered by this patent.
S403, obtaining the formula
Abscissa corresponding to maximum function value
In the area of the handle
Regions may exist for the guidewire to be considered, otherwise corrections are made.
The straight-back guide wire position is expressed according to the following formula:
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
denotes the first
Corrected guidewire position for the frame.
Embodiment 3 adopts the guide wire identification results of continuous frames in the continuous 5-frame OCT image sequence and the corresponding probability scores as shown in FIGS. 11 to 15Cloth curve (gaussian distribution). Fig. 13 and 14 show that the identification error (the result of identifying the wide stent as the guide wire) is recognized. The guidewire correction procedure is performed with respect to fig. 13. Fig. 16 is a corrected original image 13 with reference to fig. 11, 12, 14, and 15. Before correction, the [ probability distribution curve ] of each frame is calculated only according to the current frame. Then, according to fig. 11, 12, 14, 15, a [ probability distribution curve ] is calculated and corrected. Therefore, in fig. 16, the peak position of the curve changes in comparison with the original figure 13. Step-size accumulation curves in FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15
Indicating, guide wire position by straight line
The corresponding probability distribution curve is represented by
Shown; the corresponding probability distribution curve in FIG. 16 is represented by
The indication, and the correction result, i.e. the corrected position of the guide wire, are straight lines
And (4) showing.
The invention also provides a light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification system in the OCT image, which is used for implementing the light and shadow feature-based guide wire identification method in the OCT image, and comprises the following steps: the image acquisition module is used for acquiring the OCT image and removing the catheter area in the OCT image; the smoothing processing module is used for removing the OCT image of the catheter area to obtain a gray value accumulation curve and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve; the curve calculation module is used for accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve; and the guide wire correcting module is used for obtaining the position of the guide wire according to the step length accumulation curve, correcting the position of the guide wire and finishing the identification of the guide wire. See the description above for specific embodiments.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on light and shadow characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring an OCT image, and removing a catheter area in the OCT image;
s2, obtaining a gray value accumulation curve of the OCT image without the catheter area and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve;
s3, accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve;
and S4, obtaining the guide wire position according to the step length accumulation curve, correcting the guide wire position and completing the identification of the guide wire.
2. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow feature of claim 1, wherein in S1, the step of acquiring the OCT image and removing the catheter area in the OCT image comprises the following steps:
s101, acquiring an OCT image under a polar coordinate system;
s102, identifying a catheter region for acquiring an OCT image;
s103, reassigning the pixel values of the identified catheter area;
and S104, transforming the OCT image subjected to assignment processing into a plane rectangular coordinate system.
3. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow feature of claim 1, wherein in S2, the method further comprises performing binarization processing on the OCT image without the catheter region, and performing gray value accumulation calculation on the image after the binarization processing to obtain a gray value accumulation curve.
4. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the gray scale value accumulation curve obtained by removing the OCT image of the catheter area is expressed by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
which represents a cumulative curve of the gray-value,
representing the OCT image height in a planar rectangular coordinate system,
represents the second in a rectangular plane coordinate system
Go to the first
OCT image pixel values of the column.
5. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow feature of claim 4, wherein in S2, the smoothing of the obtained gray value accumulation curve comprises: according to the set smoothing times
Length of the flat slide
And smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve according to the following formula:
in the formula:
it is shown that the curve after the smoothing,
the curve of the original curve is shown,
and the width of the OCT image in a plane rectangular coordinate system is shown.
6. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow feature of claim 1, wherein in S3, the accumulation is performed according to a preset step length, and an obtained step length accumulation curve is represented according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
a step-size accumulation curve is shown,
a curve representing the smoothing of the surface of the wafer,
representing the width of the OCT image in a plane rectangular coordinate system,
and representing the accumulation step length, wherein the accumulation step length is taken as the guide wire width.
7. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, the obtaining the guide wire position according to the step-size accumulation curve comprises: in OCT image
Middle handle curve
Abscissa corresponding to minimum value
Regarding the center position of the guide wire, the curve is processed according to the following formula
Continuously taking the minimum value to obtain the position of the guide wire;
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is shown as
The position of the guide wire in the frame image,
is shown as
Step size corresponding to frameThe curves are accumulated.
8. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow feature of claim 1, wherein in S4, when the guide wire position is obtained and corrected according to the step-size accumulation curve, the method comprises the following steps:
s401, setting guide wire correction reference frame number
Correcting for guide wire tolerances
Probability distribution function
And each frame of guide wire position parameters
(ii) a The guide wire correction reference frame number
The method comprises the following steps of (1) setting reference frames with different weight coefficients in front and back of adjacent frames, front and back odd or even frames and front and back of frames;
s402, calculating the probability distribution of the guide wire position of the current frame according to the following formula
；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
denotes the first
The probability distribution of the position of the guide wire of the frame,
is shown as
Frame guide wire position;
s403, obtaining the formula
Abscissa corresponding to maximum function value
In the area of the handle
Regions may exist for the guidewire to be considered, otherwise corrections are made.
9. The method for identifying the guide wire in the OCT image based on the light and shadow characteristics as claimed in claim 8, wherein the guide wire position after correction is expressed according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
denotes the first
Corrected guidewire position for the frame.
10. A system for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on a light and shadow feature, which is used to implement the method for identifying a guide wire in an OCT image based on a light and shadow feature according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring an OCT image and removing a catheter area in the OCT image;
the smoothing module is used for removing the OCT image of the catheter area, obtaining a gray value accumulation curve and smoothing the obtained gray value accumulation curve;
the curve calculation module is used for accumulating the smoothed gray value accumulation curve according to a preset step length to obtain a step length accumulation curve;
and the guide wire correcting module is used for obtaining the position of the guide wire according to the step length accumulation curve, correcting the position of the guide wire and finishing the identification of the guide wire.
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