CN115318810A - Kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by using ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation - Google Patents
Kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by using ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/38—Stirring or kneading
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
- B09B3/65—Anaerobic treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/64—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester-type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by using ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation. Crushing the kitchen waste, adding the crushed kitchen waste into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, adding water and a certain amount of ethanol, and purging by using high-purity nitrogen; the reaction kettle is heated to a set temperature while stirring. After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, extracting solid and liquid phases to realize solid-liquid separation, separating the liquid phase from an extraction phase and organic wastewater by using a separating funnel, obtaining bio-oil, dichloromethane and ethanol from the extraction phase through a rotary evaporator, using the recovered ethanol and organic wastewater for producing methane through anaerobic fermentation, and using the fermented wastewater for water supplement in a liquefaction stage. The system is relatively complete and has quick response; compared with the traditional anaerobic fermentation, the kitchen waste does not need drying treatment, and a large amount of energy consumption is saved. Not only produces biological oil and methane, but also solves the problems of long reaction period and large amount of biogas slurry and residue produced in the traditional fermentation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of harmless and resource utilization of kitchen waste, and particularly relates to a kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation.
Technical Field
The kitchen waste refers to food processing leftovers (kitchen waste), edible residues (swill) and waste edible oil and fat generated in activities such as families, food processing, dietary service, unit catering and the like. The components of the organic phase comprise starch, dietary fiber, animal fat and other substances, and are the main components of the organic phase in the municipal domestic waste. At present, the disposal modes of the kitchen waste comprise modes of sanitary landfill, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic composting, biological feed, insect breeding, incineration and the like; because kitchen garbage moisture content, oil content and salt content are high, and perishable and smelly, these traditional treatment methods all can not effectively handle it, if anaerobic fermentation reaction period is long, and the health landfill area is big, and filtration liquid will cause secondary pollution, and good oxygen compost easily causes soil salinization and fertility effect poor, and it is higher to burn the energy consumption, consequently needs to develop a new treatment technology harmless to the kitchen garbage resourceization urgently.
The hydrothermal liquefaction is to utilize high temperature and high pressure water (200-350 deg.C, 5-15 MPa) to crack and destroy the macromolecular structure of biomass, and then to produce biological oil, water phase product and gas (more than 90% is CO) through a series of reactions such as hydrolysis, decarboxylation, deamination, repolymerization and the like 2 ) And solid thermochemical conversion techniques. However, the bio-oil produced in the liquefaction process of the kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds, so that the acidity and corrosivity of the bio-oil can be increased, a large amount of harmful NOx gas can be produced in the combustion process, the viscosity is high, and impurities are more, so that the quality of the bio-oil is reduced.
In addition, a large amount of organic wastewater is generated in the process of liquefying the kitchen waste, the organic wastewater contains a large amount of soluble organic matters, the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) can reach 22300 mg/L, the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) can reach 60000 mg/L, the Total Nitrogen (TN) can reach 10700 mg/L, and ammonia Nitrogen (NH) 3 N) can reach 200 mg/L, is a typical high-concentration organic wastewater and needs to be subjected to biochemical degradation treatment.
Therefore, the research on the kitchen waste treatment process for carrying out hydrothermal liquefaction treatment on the kitchen waste and carrying out degradation treatment on the organic wastewater generated by the kitchen waste has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation, which aims at the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by ethanol water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation comprises the following steps:
crushing the kitchen waste to be treated, stirring uniformly when the particle size is 1.3-7.6 mm, and adding the mixture into a hydrothermal reaction kettle;
after water and ethanol are added into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, the water content of the kitchen waste is ensured to be 80-90%, preferably 85%, and the proportion of the ethanol to the water is 3:5;
high-purity nitrogen is used for exhausting air in the kettle from bottom to top so as to achieve an oxygen-free environment, and an inlet valve and an outlet valve are closed;
opening the magnetic stirrer, and keeping the rotating speed between 80 and 100 rpm;
opening the electric heating controller, heating the hydrothermal reaction kettle to a set temperature (260-320 ℃) and the pressure is 10-15MPa;
when the set temperature and pressure are reached, keeping the residence time for 30-40 minutes, cooling the reaction kettle by using cooling water, opening a valve after the temperature is reduced to room temperature, taking out the solid-liquid mixed reactant, spraying and washing the furnace by using dichloromethane, and collecting washing wastewater and the reactant;
extracting the solid-liquid mixture by using dichloromethane, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum pump, separating solid and waste, allowing the liquid phase to enter a separating funnel device for oil-water separation, and further treating the solid phase for land use or incineration by using an incinerator;
after separation, the oil phase passes through a rotary evaporator to obtain three phases of bio-oil, dichloromethane and ethanol, and the recycled dichloromethane can be recycled;
pumping the separated water phase and the recovered ethanol into a medium-temperature sequencing batch fermentation device, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of fermentation wastewater to be 25: 20, preferably controlling the pH value to be 6.5 to 7.8, controlling the temperature to be 35 to 38 ℃, and controlling the fluctuation of the temperature to be less than 2 ℃. Methane and fermented wastewater are obtained after fermentation, and the fermented wastewater is used as circulating water to enter a hydrothermal liquefaction device for recycling.
The addition of the ethanol can perform an esterification reaction with a hydrothermal liquefaction reaction intermediate such as an acid/nitrogen-containing compound (such as amide) to generate an ester substance, so that the content of organic acid and the content of the nitrogen-containing compound are reduced, the quality of the bio-oil is finally improved, the bio-oil produced by co-liquefaction of the ethanol and the water has low viscosity and high heat value (33 to 37MJ/kg), and the characteristic of the bio-oil is closer to that of the bio-oil.
A large amount of organic wastewater is generated in the hydrothermal liquefaction process of the kitchen waste and is typical high-concentration organic wastewater, so the wastewater can be used for producing methane through an anaerobic fermentation process, and simultaneously, COD, TOC and NH in the wastewater are reduced 3 Most organic matters such as-N and the like, thereby achieving the biochemical degradation effect and effectively avoiding the defect of generating a large amount of biogas residues in the traditional fermentation process.
The ethanol recovered by rotary evaporation is added into the organic wastewater to improve the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) concentration of the wastewater, so that the fermentability of the wastewater is improved, the fermented wastewater can be used for recycling water in a liquefaction stage, and finally, multi-stage recovery and utilization of energy are realized.
The ethanol water co-liquefaction technology is combined with the anaerobic fermentation technology, so that the kitchen waste can be effectively converted into high-value additional products such as bio-oil, methane and the like. Not only produces high-value additional products such as biological oil, methane and the like, but also solves the problems of long reaction period and large amount of biogas slurry and residue in the traditional fermentation process. Therefore, the process is a promising technology for realizing harmless and resource utilization of the kitchen waste.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the anaerobic fermentation device has a relatively complete structural system, not only can rapidly treat a large amount of kitchen waste, but also saves a dehydration process and a large amount of energy compared with the traditional anaerobic fermentation.
2. The addition of the ethanol improves the components of the bio-oil esters, reduces the contents of organic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds, improves the quality of the bio-oil, and makes the characteristics of the bio-oil closer to those of diesel oil.
3. The co-liquefaction of the ethanol water and the anaerobic fermentation are organically combined, and the advantages and the disadvantages of the co-liquefaction of the ethanol water and the anaerobic fermentation are mutually complemented, so that the problems that the fermentation period is long and a large amount of biogas slurry and biogas residue are generated in the traditional fermentation process are solved, the defect that a large amount of organic wastewater is generated in the hydrothermal liquefaction process is overcome, the co-liquefaction of the ethanol water and the biogas residue is mutually complemented, and the multi-stage utilization of energy is realized.
Drawings
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system process flow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
after kitchen waste collected from a waste treatment plant is smashed into slurry, the slurry is directly put into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and after water is added until the water content of kitchen waste is 85%, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 3:5, adding the ethanol into a reaction kettle, discharging air in the kettle by using high-purity nitrogen to enable the reaction to be carried out in an oxygen-free environment, heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle to 260 ℃ under 10MPa, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, and then cooling the temperature to room temperature by using cooling water. And performing extraction and vacuum filtration to realize solid-liquid separation, allowing the liquid phase to pass through a separating funnel to obtain organic wastewater and an extraction phase, and performing rotary evaporation on the extraction phase to obtain bio-oil and an organic solvent (dichloromethane and ethanol).
The yield of the obtained biological oil is 44.90wt%, the calorific value is 31.78 MJ/kg, the organic wastewater and the ethanol are pumped into a fermentation device to produce methane, the COD removal rate is 30%, the methane yield is 287mL/gCOD, and the fermented wastewater is pumped into a liquefaction system to serve as circulating water.
Example 2
After the kitchen waste collected from a waste treatment plant is smashed into slurry, the slurry is directly put into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, the fermentation wastewater in the example 1 is used as water supplement to be added into the hydrothermal reaction kettle, and after the water is added until the water content of the kitchen waste is 90%, the volume ratio of ethanol to water is 3:5, adding the ethanol into a reaction kettle, discharging air in the kettle by using high-purity nitrogen to enable the reaction to be carried out in an oxygen-free environment, heating and pressurizing the reaction kettle to 320 ℃ and 12MPa, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, and then cooling the temperature to room temperature by using cooling water. And performing extraction and vacuum filtration to realize solid-liquid separation, allowing the liquid phase to pass through a separating funnel to obtain organic wastewater and an extraction phase, and performing rotary evaporation on the extraction phase to obtain bio-oil and an organic solvent (dichloromethane and ethanol).
The yield of the bio-oil is 47.59wt%, the calorific value is 37.54MJ/kg, the organic wastewater and the ethanol are pumped into a fermentation device to produce methane, the COD removal rate is 26%, the yield of the methane is 236mL/gCOD, and the fermented wastewater is pumped into a liquefaction system to serve as circulating water.
Claims (8)
1. A kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by using ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Crushing the kitchen waste to be treated, uniformly stirring, and adding into a hydrothermal reaction kettle;
(2) Adding a certain amount of water and ethanol into the hydrothermal reaction kettle, and closing an inlet valve and an outlet valve;
(3) Heating the hydrothermal reaction kettle to a set temperature and pressure under a stirring state;
(4) When the set temperature and pressure are reached, the reaction kettle is cooled by using cooling water after the retention time is kept for 30-40 minutes, the valve is opened after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the solid-liquid mixture is taken out, dichloromethane is used for spraying and washing the furnace, and the washing wastewater and the reactants are collected together;
(5) Extracting the solid-liquid mixture by using dichloromethane, performing suction filtration by using a vacuum pump, and performing oil-water separation on the liquid phase after solid-waste separation in a separating funnel device;
(6) After separation, the oil phase passes through a rotary evaporator to obtain three phases of bio-oil, dichloromethane and ethanol, and the recycled dichloromethane can be recycled;
(7) Pumping the separated water phase and the recovered ethanol into an anaerobic fermentation device, fermenting to obtain methane and fermented wastewater, and taking the fermented wastewater as circulating water to enter a hydrothermal liquefaction device for recycling.
2. The kitchen waste disposal method for producing bio-oil and methane by using co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation of ethanol water according to claim 1, wherein the amount of water added in the step (2) is such that the water content of the kitchen waste is 80-90%, preferably 85%, and the ratio of the added ethanol to the added water is 3:5.
3. the method for disposing kitchen waste for producing bio-oil and methane by using co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation of ethanol water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises an operation of removing air in the reaction kettle from bottom to top by using high purity nitrogen gas to achieve an oxygen-free reaction environment.
4. The method for treating the kitchen waste for producing the bio-oil and the methane by using the ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the temperature set in the hydrothermal reaction kettle in the step (4) is 260-320 ℃ and the pressure is 10-15MPa.
5. The method for treating the kitchen waste for producing the bio-oil and the methane by using the ethanol water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid phase separated from the solid waste in the step (5) is further treated for land use or incineration in an incinerator.
6. The method for disposing kitchen waste for producing bio-oil and methane by using ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the kitchen waste in the step (1) is crushed, the particle size of the kitchen waste is 1.3-7.6 mm, and the kitchen waste is added into a hydrothermal reaction kettle after being uniformly stirred.
7. The method for treating the kitchen waste for producing the bio-oil and the methane by the ethanol water co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1, wherein the stirring in the step (3) is performed by a magnetic stirrer at a rotating speed of 80-100rpm.
8. The method for disposing kitchen waste in the ethanol-water co-liquefaction coupled anaerobic fermentation production of bio-oil and methane according to claim 1, wherein in the anaerobic fermentation process in the step (7), the fermentation carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) is controlled to be (25) - (20), the pH value is controlled to be 6.5 to 7.8, the temperature is controlled to be 35 to 38 ℃, and the fluctuation of the temperature is less than 2 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210953727.6A CN115318810B (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2022-08-10 | Kitchen waste disposal method for producing biological oil and methane by utilizing co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation of ethanol and water |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210953727.6A CN115318810B (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2022-08-10 | Kitchen waste disposal method for producing biological oil and methane by utilizing co-liquefaction coupling anaerobic fermentation of ethanol and water |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115318810A true CN115318810A (en) | 2022-11-11 |
| CN115318810B CN115318810B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
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| CN117259383A (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2023-12-22 | 河南理工大学 | Organic solid waste treatment process |
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