CN115304485B - 一种油品防锈添加剂、其制备方法及油品组合物 - Google Patents
一种油品防锈添加剂、其制备方法及油品组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115304485B CN115304485B CN202110497494.9A CN202110497494A CN115304485B CN 115304485 B CN115304485 B CN 115304485B CN 202110497494 A CN202110497494 A CN 202110497494A CN 115304485 B CN115304485 B CN 115304485B
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- oil
- acid
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- fatty acid
- methyl
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 37
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 23
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000013556 antirust agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007806 chemical reaction intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical group COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-Dimethylmaleic anhydride Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(=O)OC1=O MFGALGYVFGDXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SYIUWAVTBADRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran-2,6(3H)-dione Chemical compound O=C1CC=CC(=O)O1 SYIUWAVTBADRJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GQZXRLWUYONVCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]phenol Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GQZXRLWUYONVCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylideneoxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)OC1=O OFNISBHGPNMTMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIYTYGOUZOARSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-2-methylidene-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O OIYTYGOUZOARSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-Et ester-Fumaric acid Natural products CCOC(=O)C=CC(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N Diethyl maleate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OCC IEPRKVQEAMIZSS-WAYWQWQTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N acide dimethylmaleique Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=C(C)C(O)=O CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethylmaleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C(/C)C(O)=O CGBYBGVMDAPUIH-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC(O)=O WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(=O)OC NUKZAGXMHTUAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 unsaturated fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 51
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 27
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 61
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 58
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 55
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 48
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 42
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 13
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 5
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- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FLIACVVOZYBSBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC HPEUJPJOZXNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/083—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid anhydrides
- C07C51/087—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid anhydrides by hydrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/02—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with only carbon-to-carbon double bonds as unsaturation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C57/26—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/313—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by introduction of doubly bound oxygen containing functional groups, e.g. carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/60—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种油品防锈添加剂及其制备方法和油品组合物,所述的防锈添加剂包含Ⅰ和Ⅱ所示化合物中的一种或多种。所述添加剂是以不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸酯为原料,经加成反应和水解反应制备而得。本发明提供的防锈剂产品具有制备工艺简单、生产原料来源广泛、制备成本低廉、在油品中的加剂量小等特点,在油品中表现出优异的防锈蚀性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料及润滑油领域,具体为一种油品添加剂及其制备方法以及油品组合物。
背景技术
燃料油中不可避免的含有溶解水分,甚至还会有少量的游离水。当含水燃料油与容器、管线、油泵等接触时,可能会发生锈蚀。燃料油的氧化变质生成的有机酸又促进金属的腐蚀。另外,油品中的非烃类化合物如硫和含硫化合物、有机酸、水溶性酸或碱、水分添加剂及细菌等也会造成金属的锈蚀。例如油品在储运过程中,水分会通过呼吸阀进入罐内,地下罐也会因雨水的渗漏而进水。水的导电率比油高,水和金属接触便会形成电化学腐蚀。另外,油中的有机酸和溶于水的酸性物质也会使金属发生锈蚀。
对于汽油燃料来说,由于广泛使用醇类化合物来提高辛烷值,使汽油的腐蚀性加剧。一方面由于醇类化合物本身有腐蚀作用;另一方面,加醇汽油能溶解更多水分,而且烃类和醇类混合物的极性会降低表面活性剂吸附在金属表面的能力,也会加剧汽油对金属的腐蚀。
燃油中腐蚀物质的存在会给燃料的储运和使用带来一系列的危害:破坏储油容器和发动机燃料系统的金属部件,使其寿命缩短;污染燃料,影响过滤和喷油;侵蚀橡胶、破坏密封,导致漏油;降低燃料的稳定性,促进胶质和沉淀物的生成,降低燃料质量;增加机件的磨损等。
为了降低腐蚀效应对油品及机械部件造成的危害,在油品中添加防锈剂(缓释剂)是一种高效、可行的办法。防锈剂是一种高效的合成渗透剂,能强力渗入铁锈、腐蚀物、油污内从而轻松地将其除掉。防锈剂具有渗透除锈、松动润滑、抵制腐蚀、保护金属等性能。合理使用防锈剂是防止金属及其合金发生锈蚀的一种既经济又有效的防护技术。
金属防锈剂目前主要有三大类:咪唑啉类;环烷酸类,如磺化烷基酚、巯基三嗪化合物、脂肪酸氨基酰胺、N,N’-二羟乙基哌嗪等;混合型。目前国内使用的防锈剂产品列于表1。
表1防锈剂商品
随着金属锈蚀问题关注度的提高,金属防锈剂开发技术也有诸多报道。
专利US4445907公开了一种以作为有效组分的醇燃料防锈添加剂,其中NH-R”是氨基四唑基。该组分作为醇燃料的防锈添加剂可以表现良好的防锈性能,但是制备难度较大,而且制备成本昂贵。
专利WO2008095805A3公开了一种含有三唑金属减活剂组分硼酸酯组分和胺磷酸酯盐组分的金属腐蚀抑制剂,但是该添加剂组成复杂,制备难度大、制备成本高。
专利CN1087667A公开了一种醇燃料金属防锈剂,是由苯并三氮唑类、二聚亚油酸抗腐蚀剂和受阻酚类抗氧剂经稀释调和而成,具有制备条件温和的优点,但是苯并三氮唑类化合物有毒,不符合绿色添加剂的要求,而且该防锈剂组合物在基础燃料中的添加量较大,导致防锈剂的使用成本较高。
专利CN1597876A公开了一种抑制金属腐蚀的功能性添加剂,是由镁类无机化合物、溶剂油、有机酸和促进剂组成的组合物,该添加剂具有防锈性能的主要成分是一种油溶性镁盐。但是该添加剂的组成较复杂,制备难度较大。
专利CN102286300B公开了一种金属腐蚀抑制剂及其制备方法,是一种由乙二醇单甲醚、甲基丙烯酸酯低聚物和聚丙二醇组成的组合物,该添加剂在燃料中的添加量为0.02%~0.03%。该添加剂是一种无灰型添加剂,但是该添加剂的制备工艺复杂,而且工艺参数难以调控。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有防锈剂的不足,提供一种绿色无污染的油品防锈添加剂,该添加剂以生物来源的不饱和脂肪酸或脂肪酸酯为原料,具有显著的防锈作用。
本发明还提供一种成本低廉、工艺简单的制备防锈添加剂的方法。
本发明还提供一种防锈油品组合物。
第一方面,本发明提供一种油品防锈添加剂,含有选自结构式Ⅰ或Ⅱ所示化合物中的一种或多种,
对于结构式Ⅰ:
R1为C5~C15的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,优选C6~C12的烷基、一烯基、二烯基。
R2为C5~C15的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,优选C6~C12的烃基,具体可以是亚烷基、亚一烯基、亚二烯基。
R3为氢或C1~C4的烃基,可以是烷基或烯基,例如正构烷基、异构烷基、正构烯基、异构烯基,优选为氢或C1~C4的烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基。
R4、R5可以为单键或各自独立为C1~C10的烃基,优选R4为单键、R5为C1~C6的烃基,可以是烷基、烯基,当R4为单键时,更优选R5为C1~C4的正构烷基、异构烷基、正构烯基、异构烯基,包括但不限于亚甲基、亚乙基、亚甲基乙基、乙烯基。
R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C16的烃基,优选R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C8的烃基,更优选R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C4的烷基或烯基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、丙烯基、异丁基、丁烯基,最优选R6、R7为氢。
结构式Ⅰ优选的化合物包括但不限于:
对于结构式Ⅱ:
R1是氢、C1~C15的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,优选C4~C10的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,更优选C4~C8的烷基、一烯基、二烯基。
R2是C1~C15的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,优选C4~C12的含或不含碳碳双键的烃基,更优选C4~C12的烃基,可以是亚烷基、亚烯基,亚烯基可以是一烯基、二烯基。
R3为氢或C1~C4的烷基或烯基,可以是正构烷基、异构烷基、正构烯基、异构烯基,优选为氢或C1~C4的正构烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基。
R4、R5可以为单键或各自独立为C1~C10的烃基,优选R4、R5为单键或各自独立为C1~C6的烃基,可以是亚烷基、烯基,最优选R4或R5基团之一为单键,另一基团为C1~C4的正构烷基,包括但不限于亚甲基、亚乙基、亚甲基乙基。
R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C16的烃基,优选R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C8的烃基,更优选R6、R7各自独立为氢或C1~C4的烃基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、异丙基、丙烯基、异丁基、丁烯基,最优选R6、R7为氢。
结构式Ⅱ优选的化合物包括但不限于:
第二方面,本发明所述防锈剂可以通过以下两种方法制备:
方法一:
步骤1:将碳链数为C10~C30的不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸酯与C2~C20不饱和酸酯或不饱和酸酐按照摩尔比为1:0.1~10的比例,在50~300℃条件下反应1~20小时获得反应中间体。
优选反应摩尔比为1:0.5~5,进一步优选反应摩尔比为1:1~3。优选反应温度为100~250℃,进一步优选反应温度为150~250℃。优选反应时间为4~15小时,进一步优选反应时间为6~12小时。
步骤2:将所获得的反应中间体进行水解反应,或者将所获得的反应中间体通过皂化反应获得粗产物,再将粗产物酸化处理,即可得到防锈剂产品。
水解反应的温度为20~100℃,优选水解反应的温度为50~90℃,进一步优选水解反应温度为60~90℃。
水解反应时间为1~24小时,优选水解反应时间为2~20小时,进一步优选水解反应时间为2~10小时。
方法二:
将脂肪链碳数为C6~C30的不饱和脂肪酸或不饱和脂肪酸酯与C2~C20不饱和一元酸或二元酸按照摩尔比为1:0.1~10的比例,在50~300℃条件下反应1~20小时。
优选反应摩尔比为1:0.5~5,进一步优选反应摩尔比为1:1~3。优选反应温度为100~250℃,进一步优选反应温度为150~250℃。优选反应时间为4~15小时,进一步优选反应时间为6~12小时。
获得的产品可以直接作为防锈剂。也可以将产品进一步通过皂化反应,再经酸化处理,得到所述防锈剂产品。
所说的皂化反应通过以下方式实现:
将皂化料与碱性氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾溶解在低碳醇-水的混合溶液中,加热至50~90℃进行皂化反应1~5小时,反应完成后降温至-10~30℃。将皂化产物溶解在低碳醇-水的混合溶液中进行重结晶。将所述滤液加酸如盐酸、磷酸、硫酸等水溶液中和即可得到防锈剂产品。或者,先将重结晶产物与尿素加入到低碳醇-水的混合溶液中并加热溶解,降温析出尿素络合物,收集滤液,最后将所述滤液加酸如盐酸、磷酸、硫酸等水溶液中和即可得到防锈剂产品。本发明所述的低碳醇选自C1~C4的烷基醇,如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等,优选甲醇、乙醇。
为了描述简便,以下说明中将“不饱和脂肪酸和/或不饱和脂肪酸酯”简称为“不饱和脂肪酸(酯)”。
所说的不饱和脂肪酸(酯)是指脂肪碳链数为C10~C30的不饱和脂肪酸(酯),优选C12~C24的不饱和脂肪酸(酯),最优选C16~C22的不饱和脂肪酸(酯)。脂肪酸(酯)的脂肪碳链可以是直链结构的,也可以是支链结构的。脂肪碳链中的不饱和碳碳双键个数为0~5,优选1~3。其中的碳碳双键可以在碳链的任意位置,如果存在2个或多个碳碳双键,不饱和碳碳双键的相对位置是随机的。可以是共轭结构,也可以是非共轭结构。
非共轭不饱和脂肪酸(酯)结构可以经卤素(如碘)、碱法(如氢氧化钠)、酶法催化异构化后,转变成共轭不饱和脂肪酸(酯)结构,优选共轭结构的不饱和脂肪酸(酯)。
所说的C10~C30不饱和脂肪酸(酯)的适宜的化合物列于表2。
表2不饱和脂肪酸(酯)化合物举例
所说的C10~C30不饱和脂肪酸(酯)还可以是动植物油脂经过醇解反应得到的脂肪酸酯、或动植物油脂经过酸解反应得到的脂肪酸、或动植物油脂经过酯交换反应得到的生物柴油。
所说的动植物油脂的醇解产物或酯交换产物可以是脂肪酸酯,例如脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸乙酯、脂肪酸丙酯或脂肪酸丁酯等,如桐油脂肪酸甲酯、玉米油脂肪酸甲酯、棉籽油脂肪酸甲酯、菜籽油脂肪酸甲酯、亚麻油脂肪酸甲酯、大豆油脂肪酸甲酯、花生油脂肪酸甲酯、蓖麻油脂肪酸甲酯等。优选大豆油脂肪酸甲酯、亚麻油脂肪酸甲酯、桐油脂肪酸甲酯。
所说的动植物油脂的酯交换产物还可以是生物柴油,其主要化学组分是脂肪酸甲酯。可以优选不饱和脂肪酸含量高的原料生产的生物柴油,也可以通过减压蒸馏和低温冷冻结晶除去生物柴油中的饱和脂肪酸甲酯以得到不饱和油酸甲酯含量高的生物柴油。
所述的生物柴油,选用不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量大于60重量%的生物柴油,优选不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量大于80重量%的生物柴油,进一步优选不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量大于90重量%的生物柴油,更优选不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量大于95重量%的生物柴油。
所说的动植物油脂的酸解产物是脂肪酸,例如可以是妥尔油脂肪酸,亚麻油脂肪酸,大豆油脂肪酸,油菜籽油脂肪酸,菜油脂肪酸,葵花油脂肪酸,橄榄油脂肪酸,蓖麻油脂肪酸,红花油脂肪酸,大麻籽油脂肪酸,胡核桃油脂肪酸,罂粟籽油脂肪酸,玉米油脂肪酸,棉籽油脂肪酸,芥菜油脂肪酸,花生油脂肪酸,橡胶树籽油脂肪酸,芝麻油脂肪酸,桐油脂肪酸,椰子油脂肪酸、棕榈油脂肪酸、亚麻仁油脂肪酸、葵花油脂肪酸、大豆油脂肪酸、芝麻油脂肪酸、蓖麻油脂肪酸、橄榄油脂肪酸、山茶油脂肪酸、菜籽油脂肪酸、棕榈核油脂肪酸等等。最优选是大豆油脂肪酸,亚麻籽油脂肪酸,妥尔油脂肪酸及其混合物。
根据本发明方法,所述不饱和酸酯可以选自不饱和一酸酯、二酸酯,其中不饱和二酸酯还可以是不饱和二酸双酯或不饱和二酸单酯。
所说的不饱和一酸酯是指C2~C20的不饱和一元脂肪酸酯,优选C2~C16的不饱和一元脂肪酸酯,进一步优选C2~C10的不饱和一元脂肪酸酯,具体可以是丙烯酸甲酯、1-丁烯酸甲酯、4-戊烯酸甲酯、3-戊烯酸甲酯、2-戊烯酸丁酯、5-己烯酸乙酯、4-己烯酸丁酯、3-己烯酸丙酯、2-己烯酸甲酯、香叶酸甲酯等。
所说的不饱和二酸酯是指C2~C20的不饱和二酸双酯、不饱和二酸单酯,优选C4~16的不饱和二酸双酯、不饱和二酸单酯,进一步优选C4~10的不饱和二酸双酯、不饱和二酸单酯。如顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)单甲酯、顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)双甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二丙酯、马来酸二丁酯、反丁烯二酸(富马酸)单甲酯、顺式甲基丁烯二酸(柠康酸)单甲酯、反式甲基丁烯二酸(中康酸)双甲酯、二甲基马来酸双甲酯、衣康酸(甲叉琥珀酸、亚甲基丁二酸)单甲酯、戊烯二酸双乙酯、2-丁烯-1,4-二甲酸单乙酯、戊烯基丁二酸单甲酯、己二烯基丁二酸双甲酯、庚烯基丁二酸双丁酯、辛烯基丁二酸单乙酯、壬烯基丁二酸双甲酯、癸烯基丁二酸单甲酯、十二烯基丁二酸双甲酯、十四烯基丁二酸双甲酯等等。
根据本发明方法,所说的不饱和酸酐是指C2~C20的取代的或无取代的不饱和酸酐,优选C2~C16的取代或无取代的不饱和酸酐,进一步优选C2~C10的取代或无取代的不饱和酸酐,具体可以选自顺丁烯二酸酐(马来酸酐)、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、衣康酸酐、戊烯二酸酐等。
根据本发明方法,所述的不饱和一元酸是指C2~C20的不饱和一元脂肪酸,优选C2~C16的不饱和一元脂肪酸,进一步优选C2~C10的不饱和一元脂肪酸,具体可以是丙烯酸、1-丁烯酸、4-戊烯酸、3-戊烯酸、2-戊烯酸、5-己烯酸、4-己烯酸、3-己烯酸、2-己烯酸、香叶酸等。
根据本发明方法,所说的不饱和二元酸是指C2~C20的不饱和二元脂肪酸,优选C2~C16的不饱和二元脂肪酸,进一步优选C2~C10的不饱和二元脂肪酸。具体可以是顺丁烯二酸(马来酸)、反丁烯二酸(富马酸)、顺式甲基丁烯二酸(柠康酸)、反式甲基丁烯二酸(中康酸)、二甲基马来酸、衣康酸(甲叉琥珀酸、亚甲基丁二酸)、戊烯二酸、反-3-己烯二酸、2-丁烯-1,4-二甲酸、已二烯二酸、庚烯二酸、辛烯二酸、壬烯二酸、癸烯二酸、癸二烯二酸、十二烯二酸、十四烯二酸、十六烯二酸、十六碳二烯二酸、十八烯二酸、二十碳二烯二酸等。
根据本发明方法,反应体系可以不使用催化剂,也可以使用催化剂。催化剂可以是酸催化剂,如硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、磷酸、硼酸等;可以用离子液体催化剂,如1-丁基吡啶/AlCl4离子液体等;可以用无机盐固相催化剂,如FeCl3、AlCl3等;可以用分子筛催化剂,如ZSM-5、HZSM-5、Al-MCM-41等;可以用杂多酸催化剂,如PW12/MCM-41、SiW12/MCM-41等;可以用固体超强酸催化剂,如SO4 2-/ZrO2-TiO2等;可以用碱催化剂如NaOH、KOH、甲醇钠、固体超强碱、NaH等。
第三方面,本发明提供一种油品组合物,所述油品组合物含有基础油品和上述防锈剂,所述防锈剂在基础油品中的添加量一般是0.1~10000μg/g,优选1~1000μg/g,进一步优选10~100μg/g,最优选10~50μg/g。
所述的基础油品可以是矿物油或生物质燃料,其中矿物油包括但不限于原油、石脑油、汽油、煤油、柴油、轻油、润滑油、润滑脂、用于调配润滑油和润滑脂的基础油、重油、喷气燃料油、FCC浆料、柏油、沥青、超重质油、焦油、气体液化油(GTL)、煤液化油(CTL)、烷基化油、黑油、合成原油、重整汽油、异构化汽油、再生重油、渣油、白油、蜡等等;生物质燃料包括但不限于生物质液化油(BTL)、生物乙醇燃料、生物ETBE燃料、生物汽油、生物柴油等等,以及它们的混合物。
根据本发明一种实施方式,本发明提供一种汽油组合物,其中所述基础油品是汽油,在汽油中本发明所述防锈剂的添加量优选为0.1~1000μg/g,进一步优选5~200μg/g。
所说的汽油可以是指沸程在30~220℃范围内,含或不含添加剂的精制石油馏分,适用于作点燃式发动机的燃料,包括车用汽油和航空活塞式发动机燃料(也称航空汽油)。车用汽油主要由催化裂化汽油、重整汽油、芳烃、烷基化汽油、异构化汽油等构成,按研究法辛烷值分为89号、92号、95号和98号4个牌号。本发明所述汽油还可以是含有各种含氧化合物如甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)、乙基叔丁基醚(ETBE)、叔戊基甲基醚(TAME)、二异丙基醚(DIPE)、甲醇、乙醇、丁醇等。本发明所述汽油可以是达到GB 17930、GB 18351、GB 1787所要求的车用汽油、车用乙醇汽油和航空汽油。
根据本发明另一种实施方式,本发明提供一种柴油组合物,其中所述基础油品是柴油,在柴油中本发明所述防锈剂的添加量优选为1~500μg/g,进一步优选10~300μg/g。
所说的柴油可以是包括各种低硫柴油机燃料。例如,可以是原油(石油)经炼油厂的各种炼制工艺如常减压、催化裂化、催化重整、焦化、加氢精制、加氢裂化等装置处理后的馏程在160~380℃之间的馏分,并经过调配而成的满足车用柴油国家标准GB/T 19147的压燃式内燃机用燃料。
根据本发明另一种实施方式,本发明提供一种润滑油脂组合物,其中所述基础油品是润滑油或润滑脂,在润滑油脂中本发明所述防锈剂的添加量优选为10~5000μg/g,进一步优选50~3000μg/g。
所说的润滑油是指润滑油基础油和添加剂组成的油品,具体可以是内燃机油、齿轮油、液压油、自动变速器油、压缩机油、轴承油、离合器油、导轨油、金属加工油、电器绝缘油、风动工具油、导热油、汽轮机油、热处理油等。
所说的润滑脂是指由稠化剂、基础油和添加剂组成的产品,如皂基脂、烃基脂、无机脂、有机脂。具体可以是锂基脂、钙基脂、铝基脂、复合锂基脂、复合铝基脂、高温脂、轮轴轴承用脂、多功能润滑脂、电动摩托车用脂、绝缘脂、轴承脂等。
所说的润滑油基础油可以是矿物基础油、合成基础油以及生物基础油、石蜡基基础油、中间基基础油、环烷基基础油,其中的合成油可以是酯类油、聚烯烃油、醚类油、费托合成油等。可以是Ⅰ类油、Ⅱ类油、Ⅲ类油、Ⅳ类油、Ⅴ类油等。
本发明提供的防锈剂可以用于全损耗系统油、脱模油、齿轮油、压缩机油(包括冷冻机和齿轮泵)、内燃机油、主轴、轴承和离合器油、导轨油、液压油、金属加工油、电器绝缘油、风动工具油、热导油、暂时保护防腐蚀油、汽轮机油、热处理油、润滑脂、蒸汽气缸油、特殊润滑剂应用油以及其他应用场合油。
本发明提供的防锈剂可以作为单剂使用,也可以与其他油品添加剂复配使用。根据使用需要,所述油品组合物中还可以含有其他添加剂,如润滑剂、清净剂、抗氧剂等。
本发明以长碳链不饱和脂肪酸(酯)为原料制备防锈剂,与现有技术相比,具有以下优势:
(1)原料来源于生物质,来源广泛,可降解,绿色无污染。
(2)制备工艺简单,制备过程清洁,无污染物的排放,对环境友好。
(3)在基础油品中的添加量非常小,就能表现出显著的、优异的防锈性能,使用成本低。
(4)产品无硫、无氮、无磷,使用安全,无毒害作用。
(5)产品可以做单剂使用,也可作复配剂使用,适用范围广。
附图说明
图1是制备例1所制备的防锈剂产品的质谱谱图,是由油酸甲酯、马来酸酐为原料,后经水解反应得到的油酸甲酯基丁二酸,m/z=435.37是所述油酸甲酯基丁二酸结合Na离子的质谱加成峰。
图2是制备例1所制备的防锈剂产品的红外光谱谱图,即油酸甲酯基丁二酸抗磨剂产品的红外谱图。其中2800cm-1~3000cm-1峰表明脂肪烃结构;727cm-1峰表示碳数大于4的长链;1712cm-1峰表示羧酸;3200~3500cm-1表示羟基。
图3 A是空白柴油的锈蚀试验金属棒,B是实施例1中制备例1产品以20μg/g加剂量加入到柴油中后进行的锈蚀试验金属棒,锈蚀试验时长8小时。
图4 C是空白汽油的锈蚀试验金属棒,D是实施例2中制备例1产品以20μg/g加剂量加入到汽油中后进行的锈蚀试验金属棒,锈蚀试验时长8小时。
图5 E是空白润滑油的锈蚀试验金属棒,F是实施例3中制备例产品以0.05(重量)%加剂量加入到润滑油中后进行的锈蚀试验金属棒,锈蚀试验时长8小时。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明,所述实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制。
制备例1
在装有冷凝回流管、搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的1L反应装置中加入500g油酸甲酯(96wt%,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)和248.5g马来酸酐(99.5wt%,北京伊诺凯科技有限公司),油酸甲酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比约为1:1.5。通入氮气,加热搅拌,升温至220℃,计时反应6小时,得到油酸甲酯基琥珀酸酐反应中间体。
将油酸甲酯基琥珀酸酐反应中间体于80℃水解3小时,静置分层,取下层液体即得到目标产品。反应流程如反应式1所示。
制备例2
在装有冷凝回流管、搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的1L反应装置中加入500g油酸(85wt%,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)和173.6g马来酸酐(99.5wt%,北京伊诺凯科技有限公司),油酸与马来酸酐的摩尔比约为1:1。通入氮气,加热搅拌,升温至180℃,计时反应8小时,得到油酸基琥珀酸酐反应中间体。
将油酸基琥珀酸酐反应中间体于60℃水解2小时,静置分层,取下层液体即得到目标产品油酸基琥珀酸。
制备例3
按照CN108003950A实施例2所公开的方法处理菜籽油生物柴油,得到不饱和脂肪酸甲酯含量超过90%的生物柴油,生物柴油的脂肪酸甲酯组成如表3所示。
表3生物柴油脂肪酸甲酯组成
脂肪酸甲酯 | 质量分数(wt%) |
肉豆蔻酸甲酯(C14:0) | 0.2 |
棕榈酸甲酯(C16:0) | 2.3 |
棕榈油酸甲酯(C16:1) | 0.5 |
硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) | 0.7 |
油酸甲酯(C18:1) | 78.6 |
亚油酸甲酯(C18:2) | 13.8 |
亚麻酸甲酯(C18:3) | 1.6 |
花生酸甲酯(C20:0) | 0.1 |
花生烯酸甲酯(C20:1) | 0.1 |
总甲酯 | 97.9 |
在装有电动搅拌器、温度计、回流冷能管及氮气导入管的1L反应器中,加入500g经过处理后得到的菜籽油生物柴油和330.5g马来酸酐,不饱和脂肪酸甲酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比约为1:2(由于生物柴油的主要组成为油酸甲酯,因此为了计算方便,以油酸甲酯的相对分子质量作为生物柴油的相对分子质量计算,从而获得反应摩尔比,即相对分子质量以298.49g/mol计),通入氮气。加热搅拌升温至250℃,回流反应5小时,经减压蒸馏除去过量的马来酸酐,得到反应中间体。
将反应中间体于100℃水解10小时,静置分层,取下层液体即得到目标产品。
制备例4
在装有电动搅拌器、温度计、回流冷能管及氮气导入管的2L反应器中,加入500g桐油生物柴油(桐油生物柴油的脂肪酸甲酯组成如表4所示)和503.5g马来酸酐,不饱和脂肪酸甲酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比约为1:3(由于生物柴油的主要组成为桐油脂肪酸甲酯,因此为了计算方便,以桐油脂肪酸甲酯的相对分子质量作为生物柴油的相对分子质量计算,从而获得反应摩尔比,即相对分子质量以292.46g/mol计),通入氮气。加热搅拌升温至180℃,回流反应5小时,经减压蒸馏除去过量的马来酸酐,得到反应中间体。
将反应中间体于70℃水解4小时,静置分层,取下层液体即得到目标产品。
如反应式2所示:
表4桐油生物柴油脂肪酸甲酯组成
脂肪酸甲酯 | 含量(重量)/% |
棕榈酸甲酯(C16:0) | 3.03 |
硬脂酸甲酯(C18:0) | 3.00 |
油酸甲酯(C18:1) | 8.81 |
亚油酸甲酯(C18:2) | 7.33 |
桐油酸甲酯(C18:3) | 74.40 |
花生烯酸甲酯(C20:1) | 1.12 |
总甲酯 | 97.69 |
制备例5
在装有冷凝回流管、搅拌器、温度计和氮气导入管的1L反应装置中加入500g油酸甲酯(96wt%,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司)和248.5g马来酸酐(99.5wt%,北京伊诺凯科技有限公司),油酸甲酯与马来酸酐的摩尔比约为1:1.5。通入氮气,加热搅拌,升温至220℃,计时反应6小时,得到油酸甲酯基琥珀酸酐反应中间体。
取350g油酸甲酯基琥珀酸酐反应中间体与35g氢氧化钠溶解在500g甲醇-水溶液中,于60℃加热搅拌使其充分溶解,反应3小时。冷却至10℃。过滤得到滤饼,将滤饼加入到3%盐酸溶液中进行中和反应,然后分离即得油酸甲酯基琥珀酸防锈剂产品。
实施例
以下实施例将制备例制备的添加剂产品以一定的添加量添加到基础油品中的评价防锈蚀性效果,试验方法为GB/T 11143。
实施例1
将制备例1所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例2
将制备例1所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到汽油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为36℃。
实施例3
将制备例1所得的产品以0.05(重量)%的加入量加入到润滑油基础油中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃
实施例4
将制备例2所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例5
将制备例3所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例6
将制备例4所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例7
将制备例5所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例8
将制备例5所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例9
将制备例1所得的产品以20μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
实施例10
将制备例1所得的产品以10μg/g的加入量加入到柴油燃料中,锈蚀试验温度为60℃。
对比例
以下对比例将工业防锈剂产品T746(十二烯基丁二酸)和T747(十二烯基丁二酸单酯)以一定的添加量添加到基础油品中,评价防锈蚀性效果,试验方法为GB/T 11143。
对比例1
锦州圣大化学品有限公司生产的T746工业防锈剂,以20μg/g的添加量加入到柴油中。
对比例2
锦州圣大化学品有限公司生产的T746工业防锈剂,以20μg/g的添加量加入到汽油中。
对比例3
锦州圣大化学品有限公司生产的T746工业防锈剂,以0.1%(质量)的添加量加入到矿物油基础油中。
对比例4
沈阳北方石油集团生产的T747工业防锈剂,以20μg/g的添加量加入到柴油中。
对比例5
沈阳北方石油集团生产的T747工业防锈剂,以20μg/g的添加量加入到汽油中。
对比例6
沈阳北方石油集团生产的T747工业防锈剂,以0.1%(质量)的添加量加入到矿物油基础油中。
基础油品理化性能指标如表5、6、7所示:
表5评价用汽油基本理化性质
表6评价用柴油的理化性质
项目 | 数据 | 试验方法 |
密度(20℃)/(kg/m3) | 789.7 | SH/T 0604 |
凝点/℃ | -42 | GB/T 510 |
冷滤点/℃ | <-35 | SH/T 0248 |
运动黏度(20℃)/(mm2/s) | 2.980 | GB/T 265 |
铜片腐蚀(50℃/3h)/级 | 1a | GB/T 5096 |
10%残炭质量分数/% | 0.05 | GB/T 268 |
灰分质量分数/% | <0.002 | GB/T 508 |
闪点(闭口)/℃ | 83.1 | GB/T 261 |
硫含量/(mg/kg) | 6.9 | SH/T 0689 |
十六烷值CN | 49.3 | GB/T 386 |
T90/℃ | 326.8 | GB/T 6536 |
T95/℃ | 347.9 | GB/T 6536 |
表7润滑油基础油的理化性质
项目 | 数据 |
粘度,mm2/s(cSt),100℃ | 19.4 |
粘度,mm2/s(cSt),40℃ | 221.6 |
密度,g/cm3(kg/l) | 914.8 |
倾点/℃ | -14 |
外观 | 清澈 |
测试例 锈蚀性测试
本发明提供的防锈剂产品对汽油、柴油和润滑油的感受性能好,在油品中的加剂量非常小,就能显著改善油品的防锈蚀性能。通过对比可以看出,本发明提供的防锈剂产品优于工业防锈剂。
本发明所描述的实施方式仅出于示例性目的,并非用以限制本发明的保护范围,本领域技术人员可在本发明的范围内作出各种其他替换、改变和改进,因而,本发明不限于上述实施方式,而仅由权利要求限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种油品组合物,其中含有基础油品和由生物柴油制备的结构式Ⅰ或Ⅱ所示的化合物作为防锈剂,所述防锈剂在基础油品中的添加量是5~50μg/g,所述基础油品选自汽油、煤油、柴油、喷气燃料油:
结构式Ⅰ中,R1、R2为C6~C12的烃基,R3为C1~C4的烃基,
R4、R5为单键或C1~C4的烃基,R6、R7为氢;
结构式Ⅱ中,R1是C1~C10的烃基,R2是C4~C12的烃基,R3为C1~C4的烃基,R4、R5为单键或C1~C4的烃基,R6、R7为氢。
2.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,结构式Ⅰ中,R1为C6~C12的烷基、一烯基或二烯基,R2为C6~C12的烷基、一烯基或二烯基,R3为C1~C4的烷基,R4为单键,R5为C1~C4的烷基,
R6、R7为氢。
3.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,结构式Ⅱ中,R1为C4~C10的烷基、一烯基或二烯基,R2是C4~C12的烷基、一烯基或二烯基,R3为氢或C1~C4的烷基,R4、R5为单键或C1~C4的烷基,R6、R7为氢。
4.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述防锈剂中含有选自油酸甲酯基琥珀二酸、油酸甲酯基甲基琥珀二酸、3-正丁基-6-(1-癸烯酸甲酯基)-环己烯二酸、3-正丁基-6-(1-癸烯酸甲酯基)-环己烯甲乙酸、3-正辛基-6-(1-己酸甲酯基)-环己烯二酸中的一种或多种。
5.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述化合物的制备方法包括:(1)将生物柴油与C2~C10不饱和酸酯或不饱和酸酐按照摩尔比为1:0.1~10的比例,在50~300℃条件下反应1~20小时获得反应中间体;(2)将所获得的反应中间体进行水解反应,或者将所获得的反应中间体通过皂化反应获得粗产物,再将粗产物酸化处理。
6.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述化合物的制备方法包括:将生物柴油与C2~C10不饱和二元酸按照摩尔比为1:0.1~10的比例,在50~300℃条件下反应1~20小时。
7.按照权利要求5所述的组合物,其中,所述不饱和酸酯选自顺丁烯二酸单甲酯、顺丁烯二酸双甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二丙酯、衣康酸单甲酯。
8.按照权利要求5所述的组合物,其中,所说的不饱和酸酐选自顺丁烯二酸酐、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐、柠康酸酐、衣康酸酐、戊烯二酸酐。
9.按照权利要求6所述的组合物,其中,所说的不饱和二元酸选自顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、顺式甲基丁烯二酸、反式甲基丁烯二酸、二甲基马来酸、衣康酸。
10.按照权利要求1所述的组合物,其中,所述防锈剂在基础油品中的添加量是10~20μg/g。
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