CN115281316B - 用于降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂及高消化率发酵鸡肉干的制备方法 - Google Patents
用于降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂及高消化率发酵鸡肉干的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明属于食品安全技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂及高消化率发酵鸡肉干的制备方法,复合发酵菌剂包括体积比为0‑1:1‑2:1‑2凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌,凝结芽孢杆菌的浓度为1×108‑1×109 CFU/ml,干酪乳杆菌的浓度为1×108‑1×109 CFU/ml,产朊假丝酵母菌的浓度为1×108‑1×109 CFU/ml,接种量0.15 mL于30℃发酵40h,烘干即得无AFB1残留,组胺含量降低16.20%,剪切力减低29.20%,且肉色也得到了改善,体外蛋白消化率从37%提高到70%的发酵鸡肉干。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品安全技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂及高消化率发酵鸡肉干的制备方法。
背景技术
黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)是一类真菌毒素,广泛污染肉鸡饲料并可在鸡肉中残留。AFB1已经被证实对人和动物具有肝毒性、免疫毒性和致畸性,已被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)归类为I致癌物,已被公认为严重的公共卫生问题。动物试验证明,动物摄入被AFB1污染的饲料后,在肝、肾、肌肉、血、乳汁以及鸡蛋中均可检测出AFB1及其代谢产物,造成食品的污染,进而威胁人类的健康,鉴于目前谷物中AFB1污染情况严重,鸡肉中AFB1残留普遍,本发明以被AFB1污染的鸡肉为原材料,采用现代生物技术,将有AFB1残留的禽肉制备为无AFB1残留、高营养价值的发酵鸡肉干,可作为休闲食品、高端宠物食品。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂及高消化率发酵鸡肉干的制备方法,本发明利用微生物复合发酵菌剂制备发酵鸡肉,可去除或降低霉菌毒素残留,提高鸡肉应用价值,为毒素污染的鸡肉科学使用提供了新思路。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种用于肉制品中无黄曲霉毒素残留的复合发酵菌剂,所述复合发酵菌剂包括凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌,凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌的的体积比为0-1:1-2:1-2,所述凝结芽孢杆菌的浓度为1× 108-1×109CFU/ml,干酪乳杆菌的浓度为1×108-1×109CFU/ml,产朊假丝酵母菌的浓度为1×108-1×109CFU/ml。
利用复合发酵菌剂制备发酵鸡肉干的方法,包括以下步骤:将含有黄曲霉毒素的鸡胸肉沿着纤维修剪为4cm×2cm×1cm重量为9-10g的鸡肉条,将鸡肉条腌制后,按每条鸡肉条注射0.15mL的复合发酵菌剂,然后密封保存置于 30℃恒温培养箱中发酵培养40h,之后烘干得无黄曲霉素残留的鸡肉干。
利用上述方法制备的发酵鸡肉干,其特征在于:所述鸡肉干无AFB1残留,剪切力值为21.99N、组胺含量为11.28mg/kg、肉色亮度为63.15、红度值为6.13、黄度值24.96,pH值为4.86,体外蛋白消化率为70%。
本发明具有的优点是:
1.本发明通过将凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌三种菌进行优化配合,在合适的发酵条件下发酵处理,最后将鸡肉中残留的黄曲霉毒素进行分解去除,且处理过以后的鸡肉干的剪切力值为21.99N、组胺含量为11.61 mg/kg、肉色L*(亮度)为63.15、a*(红度)值为6.13、b*(黄度)值24.96, pH值为4.86,与不发酵直接烘干对照比组胺含量降低16.20%,剪切力减低 29.20%(p<0.05),且肉色也得到了改善,体外蛋白消化率从37%提高到70%,后续研究发酵菌剂影响肉品质的机制奠定了良好的基础;
2.本发明在发酵肉制品加工过程中,硝酸盐(NO)在酸性条件下,通过硝酸还原菌的作用,分解为亚硝酸盐(NOz),亚硝酸盐与肉中的乳酸作用形成亚硝酸,亚硝酸不稳定,易分解成NO,NO与肉中的肌红蛋白(Mb)反应生成亚硝基肌红蛋白(MbNO),使肉呈现鲜艳的亮红色,而乳酸菌在发酵成熟时可以利用糖类产生乳酸,使得pH降低,促进NOz分解为NO,生成的NO再与肌红蛋白相结合生成亚硝基肌红蛋白,从而使肉制品呈现亮红色,乳酸菌中的脂肪酶可以缓慢分解肉制品中的脂肪酸,使之成为短链的挥发性脂肪酸,从而赋予产品特有的香味,改善产品的风味,促进发酵肉制品成熟,同时乳酸菌在发酵过程中可分解糖类产生乳酸,降低产品pH,促进亚硝酸盐的还原作用,使亚硝酸盐分解,大大降低亚硝酸盐残留量,从而进一步减少残留的亚硝酸与胺反应生成的致癌物质--亚硝胺,提高肉制品的安全性。
本发明中黄曲霉毒素降解的原理是:AFB1包含四个主要活跃的官能团可发生生化反应,分别是C2上的–OCH3;C8和C9之间形成的呋喃环双键;C14和 O13形成的香豆素内酯环;以及C16的环戊烯酮环;可以发生氧化,取代以及脱羧等反应;不同的菌有不同的作用位点,乳酸菌主要作用在AFB1的C14和 O13之间生产脱羰反应,芽孢杆菌可在C8和C9之间的双键之间发生加氢反应,且不同种属的微生物共同作用时可加速AFB1结构的降解。
附图说明
图1是发酵鸡肉干剪切力(A)组胺含量(B)交互影响图。
具体实施方式
实施例
一种用于肉制品中无黄曲霉毒素残留的复合发酵菌剂,所述复合发酵菌剂包括凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌,凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌的的体积比为0-1:1-2:1-2,所述凝结芽孢杆菌的浓度为1× 108-1×109CFU/ml,干酪乳杆菌的浓度为1×108-1×109CFU/ml,产朊假丝酵母菌的浓度为1×108-1×109CFU/ml。
利用复合发酵菌剂制备发酵鸡肉干的方法,包括以下步骤:将含有黄曲霉毒素的鸡胸肉沿着纤维修剪为4cm×2cm×1cm重量为9-10g的鸡肉条,将鸡肉条腌制后,按每条鸡肉条注射0.15mL的复合发酵菌剂,然后密封保存置于 30℃恒温培养箱中发酵培养40h,之后烘干得无黄曲霉素残留的鸡肉干。
利用上述方法制备的发酵鸡肉干,其特征在于:所述鸡肉干无AFB1残留,剪切力值为21.99N、组胺含量为11.28mg/kg、肉色亮度为63.15、红度值为6.13、黄度值24.96,pH值为4.86,体外蛋白消化率为70%。
实验例
一、试验方法和结果
1.1黄曲霉毒素B1降解微生物的筛选
试验材料
AFB1购买自Sigma-Aldrich公司(St.Louis,MO,USA),先用50%乙醇稀释到 AFB1的含量为8,000μg/L,使用前先用滤纸过滤,再用0.22μm的滤膜过滤,滤液4℃保存用于后面的试验。干酪乳杆菌(L.casein)、枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)、产朊假丝酵母(C.utilis)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)均为实验室保藏。LB、 MRS和YPD液体培养基高压灭菌后,加入AFB1原液并保存最终浓度为40μg/L。枯草芽孢杆菌接种于LB培养基,37℃,180rpm摇床培养;干酪乳杆菌和粪肠球菌接种于MRS培养基,37℃,静止培养;产朊假丝酵母接种于YPD培养基, 30℃、180rpm培养;4种菌的培养时间均为24h。
对照组为各组培养基,不接种微生物。
培养结束后取各组培养液8000rpm,10分钟进行离心,取上清检测上清中 AFB1含量。
AFB1含量用ELISAkits-RIDASCREENAFB130/15检测试剂盒(R-Biopharm,达姆施塔特,德国)检测,根据生产商说明测定。AFB1降解率(%)=(对照组上清中AFB1含量-试验组上清中AFB1含量)对照组上清中AFB1含量,表1为 4种益生菌对AFB1降解率的影响(%)
表1 4种益生菌对AFB1降解率的影响
注:同列小写字母(a、b和c)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),小写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下同。
1.2含有AFB1残留鸡肉的制备
使用含有AFB1浓度为40μg/kg的肉鸡日粮,连续饲养肉鸡42d。对照组为不含AFB1的日粮。每组5个重复每个重复5只鸡。在试验第42d进行屠宰,检测鸡胸肉中AFB1的残留、L(亮度值)、a(红度值)、b(黄度值),蛋白含量等指标。鸡胸肉-20℃保存,用于后续的发酵试验。
肉色测定:每组4块胸肌使用MSC--S型色差计测定胸肌的L(亮度值)、a(红度值)、b(黄度值)值,每块胸肌和腿肌测定3次,计算平均值。
剪切力测定:胸肌在4℃冰箱放置24h熟化后,然后将肌肉组织用塑料袋密封,在80℃恒温水浴锅中,并用温度计监控肌肉中心的温度,带肌肉中心的温度达到74℃时,将肌肉取出,冷却至室温。每块肌肉沿着肌纤维方向修成1cm ×1cm×5cm长方体的形状,使用Salter剪切力仪测定剪切力,每组4块胸肌或者腿肌,每块胸肌或腿肌切成4个方条,检测4次,结果取平均值。
AFB1残留的测定:5g组织加入25mL 70%甲醇(v/v),使用匀浆机在10,000 rpm下匀浆2分钟,使用试剂盒检测AFB1残留量,表2为两种鸡肉的测定结果。
表2两组鸡肉的测定结果
注:同行大写字母(A和B)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),大写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下同。
1.3用于发酵鸡肉发酵菌剂初筛
具备AFB1降解能力的4种微生物:产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌、干酪乳杆菌,以及实验室保存的凝结芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母菌共6种微生物作为为出发菌株,以动物试验中AFB1残留的鸡胸肉为试验材料进行发酵菌剂的初筛。
冷冻的鸡胸肉4℃解冻12h后,去除多余的脂肪,沿着鸡肉的纤维走向切成大小为长、宽和高分别为4cm、2cm和1cm的长方条,放置于灭菌后的平皿中。在无菌工作台中将6种微生物活菌数调整为1×107CFU/mL,用1mL无菌注射器每块肉注射0.15mL。注射结束后,用封口膜将平皿封好,于30℃恒温培养箱中培养40h。
发酵结束后立即取出一部分发酵肉制品,检测AFB1残留、pH和组胺含量。 AFB1残留测定同上,组胺的测定:组织样品匀浆后1个样品加入9mL无菌PBS 溶液,震荡10min后,使用试剂盒检测AFB1残留量。pH值的测定1g匀浆后样品加入9mL无菌水震荡后检测。
剩余的发酵肉先在65℃烘干3小时,然后95℃烘干1h。烘干后样品检测剪切力和肉色。肉色检测方法同上,剪切力的测定:直接使用Salter剪切力仪测定剪切力,每组4块胸肌,检测4次,结果取平均值。
表3发酵菌剂单独发酵初筛结果
注:同列小写字母(a、b、c和d)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),小写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论:选取降低毒素能力的干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌,低组氨能力的凝结芽孢杆菌进行后续的试验,实验结果见表4。
表4三种菌单独发酵对鸡肉干剪切力、肉色和pH的影响
注:同列小写字母(a、b、c和d)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),小写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组为注射无菌水样品组。
1.4三种不同菌剂联合发酵对鸡肉中AFB1残留和肉品质的影响
综合单因素实验结果,选择产朊假丝酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌,根据BOX-Benhnken中心组合试验设计原理,建立起三因素三水平试验,以剪切力和组胺含量作为响应值,进行模型的建立,筛选出这三种菌的最佳接种量组合。分别用X1、X2和X3表示酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌,用Y1 和Y2表示响应值组胺含量和剪切力值。因素水平表如表5所示。
表5响应面方法中使用的因素和水平(lgCFU/mL)
预测二次多项方程形式如下:Y=β0+β1A+β2B+β3C+β11A2+β22B2+ β33C2+β12AB+β13AC+β23BC式中:Y1剪切力值(N),Y2组胺含量(mg/kg)和;A、B和C分别为产朊假丝酵母、干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的接种量,β0是截距;β1、β2、β3、β4是线性系数;β11、β22、β33、β44是平方系数;β12、β13、β14、β23、β24、β34是交叉系数。
1.5三种菌联合发酵对鸡肉干中组铵和剪切力的影响
表6试验设计及结果
注:ND为检测不出。同列小写字母(a、b、c、d、e和f)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),小写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
三种菌联合发酵对鸡肉干中组铵和剪切力的影响见表6,结论发现Y0的值和干酪和酵母的量直接相关,酵母和干酪含量为1时,AFB1低于检测线。剪切力值(Y1):由表可知,实验6组剪切力值最高达到22.415,显著高于其他组(p <0.05),实验17组剪切力值最低为5.37,显著低于其他组(P<0.05),其中实验1组、3组、13组、7组和12组差异不显著,实验5组和15组差异不显著(P >0.05)。组胺含量(Y2):由表可知实验14组组胺含量最高,为15.55mg/kg,其次是实验1组,为15.50mg/kg,显著高于其他组(p<0.05),但1组和14组差异不显著(P>0.05),5组组胺含量最低,为9.20mg/kg,其次是11组,为9.95mg/kg,显著低于其他组(p<0.05),但5组和11组差异不显著(P>0.05)。
1.5.1三种菌联合发酵对鸡肉干中pH和肉色的影响
表7三种菌联合发酵对鸡肉干中PH和肉色的影响
注:同列小写字母(a、b、c、d、e和f)不同,表示差异显著(P<0.05),小写字母相同,表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。
三种菌联合发酵对鸡肉干中pH和肉色的影响见表7,亮度值:由表可知,实验10组的亮度值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),实验14组的亮度值最低,与实验5组和16组差异不显著(P>0.05)。红度值:实验16组红度值最高,与实验 2组差异不显著(P>0.05),17组红度值最低,黄度值:实验9组的黄度值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),实验6组显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。pH:实验11组 PH最高,且和1组、7组差异不显著(P>0.05),实验6组PH最低,且和10 组、5组差异不显著(P>0.05)。
1.5.2Y1(剪切力)的相应面优化结果
对表6-7中的数据进行了多元回归拟合分析,以及方差分析得到了剪切力(Y1)对酵母菌、干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的二次多项回归模型:剪切力=+7.07-0.13*A-3.88*B+1.78*C+0.62*A*B+1.54*A*C+0.20*B*C+3.32*A2+6.56* B2+1.30*C2
表8剪切力值方差分析表
注:A、B和C分别为产朊假丝酵母、干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌
Y1(剪切力值):模型P值=0.0026<0.01,P(失拟项)=0.0732>0.05, R2=0.9311,AdjR2=0.8425,Pred R2=0.1018,说明该模型是显著的,显著项分析显示,干酪对剪切力的影响是极显著的,P干酪乳杆菌=0.0012<0.01,P(干酪乳杆菌2)=0.0003<0.01,互影响中酵母菌*凝结芽孢杆菌对剪切力影响较为显著, P=0.1835。凝结芽孢杆菌和酵母菌根据回归方程绘制的3D曲面图如图1A所示。
1.5.3Y2(组胺)的响应面优化结果
对表6-7中的数据进行了多元回归拟合分析,以及方差分析得到了组胺含量(Y1)对酵母菌、干料乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌的二次多项回归模型:
Y(组胺)=+1215.00+8.13*A+62.50*B-76.88*C+66.25*A*B-17.50*A*C +161.25*B*C+51.25*A2-135.00*B2+146.25*C2
表9组胺含量方差分析表
由组胺含量方差分析表可知,Y2(组胺含量):模型P=0.0469<0.05, R2=0.8291AdjR2=0.6094Pred R2=-1.2899,失拟项(Lack of Fit)P=0.0507>0.05,说明该模型是显著的。
显著项分析显示,干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌对组胺含量(Y2)的影响是显著的,P(干酪乳杆菌)=0.1349,P(凝结芽孢杆菌)=0.0763,P(干酪乳杆菌*凝结芽孢杆菌)=0.0178,P(干酪乳杆菌2)=0.0330,P(凝结芽孢杆菌2)=0.0240。3D模型结果见图1。
1.5.4最优结果验证
同时考虑剪切力值和组胺值,经Design Except 8.0.6软件的优化模块的优化功能分析,结果显示当酵母菌水平为-0.28、干酪乳杆菌水平为0.89,以及凝结芽孢杆菌水平为0.48时,能够使组胺含量和剪切力同时达到最低,在该条件下的组胺含量为10.61mg/kg,剪切力值为9.842N。为了方便以后工艺生产的大规模生产,将最优组合简化为酵母菌水平为0、干酪乳杆菌水平为1,以及凝结芽孢杆菌水平为0.5,基于以上的结果我们设计了三组试验来验证:同时在17个组合里的最优组合,为酵母菌的-0.28水平,干酪乳杆菌的0.89水平和凝结芽孢杆菌的0.48水平。
表10最优结果验证
注:组1为预测最优组,组2为预测简化组,组3为实际最优组
由表可知组胺含量简化组最低,为10.52mg/kg,对照组的组胺含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),为13.46mg/kg。对照组的剪切力值显著高于其他组(P< 0.05),为29.49。实验3组的剪切力最低,为3.61。三组试验的PH、亮度值和黄度值差异显著(P<0.05),a*值差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验2组的b*值都显著高于另外两组(P<0.05),为21.35。L*值为62.19,显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。实验1组的PH为7.00,b*值为18.65,均显著低于其他组。而实验1组的L*值, 64.02,显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。a*值中最高的为实验1组的3.53,最低为实验3组的3.21。对照组的PH显著低于其他组(P<0.05),为6.39,b*和L* 值显著高于其他组(P<0.05),分别为26.69和67.89。
1.5.5腌制料对发酵鸡肉干品质的影响
表11腌制料对发酵鸡肉干肉品质的影响
腌制料对鸡肉干肉品质的影响见表11,由表可知,从组胺含量来看,对照组的组胺含量显著高于其他组,为13.46mg/kg,凝结芽孢杆菌为10.54mg/kg。从剪切力来看,实验B组的剪切力值为41.02,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),预测简化组值最低为21.99,显著低于其它组(P<0.05)。从亮度值来看,简化组的亮度值最高为63.15,与实简化组差异不显著(P>0.05)。实验1组的亮度值最低,为50.70,与2组和3组差异不显著。从红度值来看,优化组的a*值最高,为7.27,与5组差异不显著(P>0.05),B组a*值为1.22,显著低于其他组(P <0.05)。从黄度值来看,实验A组的b*最高,为24.98,实验B组b*最低,为 20.80。pH差异显著,对照组pH为6.39,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),最优组 pH最低,为4.32,显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。且各组之间差异显著(P<0.05)
1.5发酵鸡肉干和未发酵鸡肉干体外消化评估
胃液消化试验:
发酵鸡肉干样品和未发酵鸡肉干样品分别进行称重(含有约200mg蛋白质)先加入7.8mL模拟胃液,9500rpm匀浆40秒。使用6M盐酸将匀浆液 pH值调节至3.0,然后加入蒸馏水和胃蛋白酶(最终酶活性为500U/mL),使总体积达到10mL。试验组将样品在37℃下以200rpm孵化2小时,置于冰水中,停止反应,并将试验结果标记为胃液2h。对照组为加入蛋白酶后立即将样品置于冰水中,以停止反应,并记录为胃液0h。
胃液转肠液试验:
10mL胃液试验结束后立即加入8m新鲜肠液,并使用1mol/LNaOH调整 pH到7.0然后加入胆汁盐和胰酶,保持总体积为20mL。其中胆盐浓度为10 mM,胰蛋白酶活性为25U/mL。试验组为样品在37℃下以200rpm孵化2小时,然后置于冰水中以停止反应,并将试验结果标记为胃液2h+肠液2h。对照组为加入胆汁盐和胰酶后立即将样品置于冰水中,以停止反应,并记为肠液0h。每个组均为5个重复。
胃液和肠液蛋白消化率的测定
分别将胃液0h、胃液2h、肠液0h和肠液2h的样品溶液与三倍体积的乙醇混合,并在4℃下保持12小时以沉淀未消化的蛋白质和高分子量肽。然后将样品在4℃下以10,000g离心20分钟。上清液中蛋白含量的测定采用考马斯亮蓝法进行定量。
蛋白质消化率计算如下:
胃液2h蛋白质消化率(%)=(W胃2h-W胃0h)/m1×100%。
肠液2h蛋白消化率(%)=(W肠2h-W肠0h)/m 2×100%。
其中W是上清中蛋白的总量g;m1是加入的蛋白质总量(g);m2是胃液 2h式未消化的蛋白质总量(g),具体结果见表8。
表12体外消化评估结果
胃液2h蛋白质消化 | 肠液2h蛋白消化率(%) | |
对照组 | 14±1.12% | 37±1.37% |
最优发酵组 | 28±0.95% | 70±2.67% |
总结:为了降低鸡肉干的AFB1残留,通过接种复合发酵剂制备低无残留、剪切力值和低组胺值的发酵鸡肉干。首先进行4个微生物AFB降解能力,其次将鸡胸肉修剪为4cm×2cm×1cm的鸡肉条,以7种微生物为出发菌株以低组胺值为标准筛选出凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母三个菌株用于后续试验。根据BOX-Benhnken中心复合实验进行三因素三水响应面优化设计,结果表明最佳发酵处理为:复合发酵菌剂菌浓为凝结芽孢杆菌1×108-1×109CFU/ml、干酪乳杆菌1×108-1×109CFU/ml和产朊假丝酵1×108-1×109CFU/ml,混合比例为0-1:1-2:1-2,接种量0.15mL接种于经腌制料腌制后鸡肉,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间为40h,烘干温度65℃3h和95℃1h,在此工艺条件下,AFB1残留未检出,剪切力值为21.99N、组胺含量为11.28mg/kg、肉色L*(亮度)为63.15、a*(红度)值为6.13、b*(黄度)值24.96,pH值为4.86,与不发酵直接烘干对照比组胺含量降低16.20%,剪切力减低29.20%(p<0.05),且肉色也得到了改善,体外蛋白消化率从37%提高到70%本项目的开展为后续研究发酵菌剂影响肉品质的机制奠定了良好的基础。
Claims (2)
1.利用降解肉制品中霉菌毒素的复合发酵菌剂制备发酵鸡肉干的方法,其特征在于,所述复合发酵菌剂包括凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌,凝结芽孢杆菌、干酪乳杆菌和产朊假丝酵母菌的体积比为0-1:1-2:1-2,所述凝结芽孢杆菌的浓度为1×108 -1×109 CFU/ml,干酪乳杆菌的浓度为1×108 -1×109CFU/ml,产朊假丝酵母菌的浓度为1×108 -1×109 CFU/ml;制备包括以下步骤:将含有黄曲霉毒素的鸡胸肉沿着纤维修剪为4 cm×2 cm×1 cm重量为9-10g的鸡肉条,将鸡肉条腌制后,按每条鸡肉条注射0.15 mL的复合发酵菌剂,然后密封保存置于30℃恒温培养箱中发酵培养40h,之后烘干得无黄曲霉素残留的鸡肉干。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法制备的发酵鸡肉干,其特征在于:所述鸡肉干无AFB1残留,剪切力值为21.99 N、组胺含量为11.28 mg/kg、肉色亮度为 63.15、红度值为6.13、黄度值24.96,pH值为4.86,体外蛋白消化率为70%。
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