CN115275583B - Broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication - Google Patents
Broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN115275583B CN115275583B CN202211161249.1A CN202211161249A CN115275583B CN 115275583 B CN115275583 B CN 115275583B CN 202211161249 A CN202211161249 A CN 202211161249A CN 115275583 B CN115275583 B CN 115275583B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The application provides a broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to vehicle-mounted communication in decimeter wave frequency bands (especially 300MHz-600MHz frequency bands). The broadband multi-beam antenna array element comprises: loop radiation board, monopole radiation board, grounding board and feed pole; the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiating plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod; when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate. The directional radiation beam and the side lobe level which are relatively low can be generated, and the directional radiation beam has the advantages of compact structure, simplicity in processing, low cost and easiness in placement.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband multi-beam antenna array element and array applied to decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication.
Background
A multi-beam antenna is an antenna that can simultaneously generate a plurality of independent beams having the same aperture. Multi-beam antennas may enhance the capabilities of wireless communication systems by increasing spectral efficiency, channel capacity, and communication range, as well as increasing resilience and security. For example, a communication satellite using a multi-beam antenna covering a service area on earth with multiple beams, using a high gain beam may increase the communication capacity of the satellite, and spatially separated beams may reuse the same frequency band, multiplying the link throughput by the number of beams; in a battlefield of complex terrain, directional antennas that concentrate power in a desired direction may enhance coverage.
Designing a multi-beam directional antenna in a frequency range corresponding to decimeter waves (wavelength range 10cm-100cm, frequency range 300-3000 MHz) presents certain challenges that make conventional multi-beam antenna designs impractical in this frequency range. Electromagnetic waves have large wavelengths at these frequencies, resulting in an antenna size that becomes large most lens antennas will have very large dimensions and require large feed or beam forming networks, requiring multiple wavelength aperture areas to create a pattern with high gain and low sidelobe levels even for a single horn antenna. Therefore, it is difficult to integrate a multi-beam antenna of a multi-beam decimeter wave band into a mobile vehicle, and the construction cost of such a large and heavy array antenna tends to be high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, the present application has been developed to provide a wideband multi-beam antenna array element and array for use in decimeter wave band on-board communications that overcomes or at least partially solves the foregoing, comprising:
a broadband multi-beam antenna array element for decimeter wave band vehicle-mounted communication, comprising: loop radiation board, monopole radiation board, grounding board and feed pole;
the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiating plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod;
when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate.
Preferably, the loop radiation plate comprises a first radiation plate, a second radiation plate and a curved surface connecting plate; the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the grounding plate; the curved surface connecting plate is connected with the end parts of the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate, which are far away from the grounding plate, respectively; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the second radiating plate in parallel; the end part of the first radiation plate, which is close to the grounding plate, is connected with the grounding plate; the end part of the second radiation plate, which is close to the grounding plate, is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod.
Preferably, the device further comprises a feed probe; one end of the feed probe is connected with the feed rod, and the other end of the feed probe penetrates through and extends to the other surface of the grounding plate.
Preferably, the feed rod is connected with an end portion of the monopole radiating plate, which is close to the ground plate.
Preferably, the cross section of the monopole radiating plate gradually decreases from an end of the monopole radiating plate away from the feed pole to an end of the monopole radiating plate near the feed pole.
Preferably, the cross section of the second radiation plate gradually decreases from an end of the second radiation plate away from the feed lever to an end close to the feed lever.
Preferably, the loop radiation plate, the feed rod and the grounding plate are integrally connected.
Preferably, the height of the broadband multi-beam antenna array element is lambda/3-2 lambda/3, wherein lambda is the free space wavelength.
A broadband multi-beam antenna array for decimeter wave band vehicle-mounted communications, comprising: a wideband multi-beam antenna array element as claimed in any one of the preceding claims arranged in a circular array.
Preferably, the broadband multi-beam antenna array has a diameter of 1.220m and a height of 0.330m.
The application has the following advantages:
in an embodiment of the present application, the loop radiating plate, the monopole radiating plate, the ground plate and the feed rod are connected; the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiating plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod; when radio frequency signals are input into the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects the energy of the radio frequency signals to the monopole radiation plate, and the broadband multi-beam antenna array element can generate directional radiation beams and relatively low sidelobe levels, and is compact in structure, simple to process, low in cost and easy to place.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the present application will be briefly introduced below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a side view of a wideband multi-beam antenna element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a loop radiating plate, a monopole radiating plate and a feed rod in a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a physical diagram of a prototype of a wideband multi-beam antenna element and a ground plane reflector according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a physical diagram of a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic radiation direction diagram of a loop radiation plate and a monopole radiation plate in a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of a wideband multi-beam antenna element in the x-z plane according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to the embodiment of the present application when the loop radiation plate heights are 310mm, 340mm and 370 mm;
fig. 9 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of a wideband multi-beam antenna array element according to the change of frequency when the heights of monopole radiating plates are 200mm, 230mm and 260mm according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient simulated and measured by an antenna element model according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a 3D measurement implementation gain of a wideband multi-beam antenna element at some representative frequencies over a resonant frequency bandwidth according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 12 is a perspective view of a wideband multi-beam antenna array provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 13 is a graph showing a reflection coefficient simulated by a wideband multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 14 is a diagram showing the implementation gain at 1000MHz for a wideband multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an assembly step of an antenna array model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 16 is a graph showing the reflection coefficient of three representative antenna elements simulated and measured as a function of frequency in an antenna array model according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing radiation characteristics of an antenna array model according to an embodiment of the present application at three different frequencies within its operating bandwidth;
fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband multi-beam antenna array and a high mobility utility wheeled vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application. Wherein the uniform ground in the half space region z <0 is modeled by a Soxhlet integral;
fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of simulation implementation gains of a single antenna element (an element along the +x direction) at three different frequencies in a wideband multi-beam antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals in the drawings of the specification are as follows:
100. a loop radiation plate; 110. a first radiation plate; 120. a second radiation plate; 130. a curved surface connecting plate; 200. a monopole radiating plate; 300. a ground plate; 400. a feed rod; 500. and feeding the probe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description. It will be apparent that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that, in any embodiment of the present application, the wideband multi-beam antenna array element is used in a circular array arrangement to construct the wideband multi-beam antenna array. The broadband multi-beam antenna array can realize directional communication and networking on a mobile platform of decimeter wave frequency bands (especially 300MHz-600MHz frequency bands), and meanwhile, the compact size of the broadband multi-beam antenna array is easy to install on vehicles, so that the broadband multi-beam antenna array has wide application prospects in mobile directional networks from vehicle to vehicle and from vehicle to base station.
Referring to fig. 1-5, a wideband multi-beam antenna array element for vehicle-mounted communication in decimeter wave frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, including: loop radiation plate 100, monopole radiation plate 200, ground plate 300, and feed bar 400;
the loop radiation plate 100 is vertically disposed on the surface of the ground plate 300; the monopole radiating plate 200 is disposed in parallel to the side of the loop radiating plate 100; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate 100 is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate 100 is connected to the ground plate 300, and the other end is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400;
when a radio frequency signal is inputted to the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed lever 400, the loop radiation plate 100 reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate 200.
It should be noted that the operation principle of the wideband multi-beam antenna array element is based on combining the radiation patterns of the electric dipole (i.e. the monopole radiating plate 200) and the magnetic dipole (i.e. the loop radiating plate 100). Fig. 6 provides a schematic view of the radiation directions of the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200, wherein gray arrows correspond to the monopole radiation plate 200 and black arrows correspond to the loop radiation plate 100. It can be seen that the monopole radiating plate 200 has an omnidirectional radiation pattern and the loop radiating plate 100 has a splayed radiation pattern. As shown in fig. 7, the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 may be combined to obtain a directional heart-shaped radiation pattern.
The loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 may be vertically arranged or horizontally arranged, and the latter arrangement is selected in the above-described embodiment so that the cross section of the antenna is smaller. Furthermore, in this arrangement, the loop radiation plate 100 may act as a reflector for the monopole radiation plate 200, making the radiation pattern of the wideband multi-beam antenna element more directional. The loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 are both disposed above the ground plane 300, and since the ground plane size is limited, the maximum radiation directions of the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 will be inclined upward from the azimuth plane, so that the elevation takeoff angle can be increased, similar to the behavior of any vertically polarized antenna mounted on a limited ground plane or on the real earth. The loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 have two different resonances and can be independently adjusted by varying their respective total lengths, which provides broadband frequency performance for a broadband multi-beam antenna element.
In the embodiment of the present application, the loop radiation plate 100, the monopole radiation plate 200, the ground plate 300, and the feed rod 400 are passed; the loop radiation plate 100 is vertically disposed on the surface of the ground plate 300; the monopole radiating plate 200 is disposed in parallel to the side of the loop radiating plate 100; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate 100 is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate 100 is connected to the ground plate 300, and the other end is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400; when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400, the loop radiation plate 100 reflects the energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate 200, and the broadband multi-beam antenna array element can generate a directional radiation beam and a relatively low side lobe level, and has compact structure, simple processing, low cost and easy placement.
Next, a wideband multi-beam antenna array element applied to the vehicle-mounted communication in the decimeter wave band in the present exemplary embodiment will be further described.
In this embodiment, the loop radiation plate 100 includes a first radiation plate 110, a second radiation plate 120, and a curved connection plate 130; the first radiation plate 110 and the second radiation plate 120 are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the ground plate 300; the curved connection plate 130 is connected to the ends of the first radiation plate 110 and the second radiation plate 120, which are far away from the ground plate 300, respectively; the monopole radiating plate 200 is disposed in parallel to the side of the second radiating plate 120; the end of the first radiation plate 110 near the ground plate 300 is connected to the ground plate 300; the end of the second radiation plate 120 near the ground plate 300 is connected to the monopole radiation plate 200 through the feed rod 400. Specifically, the longitudinal section of the curved connecting plate 130 is a semicircle, a semi-ellipse, or a line segment with rounded corners at two ends; the first radiation plate 110, the second radiation plate 120, and the curved connection plate 130 may be formed by machining a single metal plate.
In this embodiment, the loop radiation plate 100 and the feed rod 400 are integrally connected to the ground plate 300. The loop radiation plate 100, the feed bar 400, and the ground plate 300 may be manufactured by precisely cutting a single integral metal plate and bending at multiple points, in which case the feed bar 400 is replaced by an elongated thin metal. By this arrangement the need to manufacture and connect a plurality of individual components is eliminated, and therefore, more accurate and rapid tooling and assembly is possible.
In this embodiment, the feeding probe 500 is further included; one end of the feed probe 500 is connected to the feed rod 400, and the other end extends through and to the other side of the ground plate 300. Specifically, the surface of the grounding plate 300 is provided with a feed through hole; the end of the feed probe 500 passes through the feed through hole and is connected with the input end of the radio frequency signal.
In this embodiment, the feed rod 400 is connected to an end of the monopole radiating plate 200 near the ground plane 300. Specifically, the area of the second radiation plate 120 is larger than the area of the monopole radiation plate 200, and the projection of the second radiation plate 120 in the vertical direction thereof completely covers the projection of the monopole radiation plate 200 in the vertical direction thereof so as to reflect the energy of the radio frequency signal from the monopole radiation plate 200 to the monopole radiation plate 200.
In this embodiment, the height of the wideband multi-beam antenna array element is λ/3-2λ/3, where λ is a free space wavelength.
Fig. 8 shows a graph of reflection coefficient of the broadband multi-beam antenna array element corresponding to the loop radiation plates 100 of different heights as a function of frequency; fig. 9 shows a graph of reflection coefficient of the broadband multi-beam antenna array element corresponding to the monopole radiating plates 200 of different heights as a function of frequency. It can be seen that different resonant frequencies can be obtained by adjusting the heights of the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200, respectively. In addition, the second harmonic of the monopole radiating plate 200 also varies with the height of the monopole radiating plate 200, and thus ultra wideband performance of the wideband multi-beam antenna element can be achieved by reducing the first resonant frequency of the monopole radiating plate 200 and utilizing the second harmonic thereof.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the monopole radiating plate 200 gradually decreases from the end of the monopole radiating plate 200 away from the feed bar 400 to the end near the feed bar 400. Specifically, the cross section of the monopole radiating plate 200 is an inverted trapezoid.
In this embodiment, the cross section of the second radiation plate 120 gradually decreases from the end of the second radiation plate 120 away from the feed lever 400 to the end near the feed lever 400. Specifically, the cross section of the second radiation plate 120 is an inverted trapezoid.
The monopole radiating plate 200 and the second radiating plate 120 are tapered near the end of the feed bar 400, and good impedance matching can be achieved. The broadband multi-beam antenna array element can realize good impedance matching below 50 omega and below-10 dB in a frequency range exceeding one octave in a decimeter wave frequency band.
In order to test the performance of the broadband multi-beam antenna array element, an antenna array element model which is scaled down in a ratio of 3:1 is prepared. The curve of the reflection coefficient of the simulation and test of the antenna array element model along with the frequency is shown in fig. 10, and it can be seen that good consistency is obtained between the simulation and test results. Simulation and test results clearly demonstrate the two resonant frequencies caused by the loop radiation plate 100 and the monopole radiation plate 200 (the difference between the higher cut-off frequencies may be due to manufacturing tolerances). Nevertheless, the wideband multi-beam antenna element achieves wideband impedance matching of more than one octave between 650-1400 MHz. The above results indicate that a broadband frequency response can be achieved by moderately relaxing the size limitations of the huygens source.
Fig. 11 shows that the 3D measurement of the wideband multi-beam antenna element achieves gain at some representative frequencies over the resonant frequency bandwidth, where (a) 700MHz, (b) 1000MHz, and (c) 1300MHz. It can be seen that as the frequency increases, the maximum realized gain also increases from 7dBi to 8dBi. The takeoff angle of the radiation pattern also produces a change of about + -10 deg. at different frequencies within the operating bandwidth. In addition to the main lobe, other side lobes appear at higher frequencies, but the wideband multi-beam antenna element remains directional in its operating frequency bandwidth. The above results indicate that the wideband multi-beam antenna element can be integrated into a multi-beam array to provide high directivity over a wide frequency bandwidth.
Referring to fig. 12, a wideband multi-beam antenna array for vehicle-mounted communication in decimeter wave frequency band according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, including: eight wideband multi-beam antenna elements as in any one of the preceding embodiments arranged in a ring.
The wideband multi-beam antenna array may employ different configuration methods. In particular, the wideband multi-beam antenna array may be used with single-channel transceivers, in which case beamforming needs to be performed in the analog domain at the feed network level, or with multi-channel coherent transceivers, in which case digital beamforming may be performed. Furthermore, the wideband multi-beam antenna array exhibits different performance under different operating conditions, an alternative mode of operation is to excite each individual element of the wideband multi-beam antenna array separately and to realize eight individual beams oriented in different directions along the azimuth plane, if a narrower beam in the azimuth plane is required, two or three radiation patterns of adjacent elements with the same or different excitation coefficients can be combined.
In a specific implementation, the operation of exciting each element individually or two or three adjacent elements together to form a single beam is performed. In each of the above cases, all unexcited array elements are terminated with 50Ω matching loads. As the number of excited array elements per beam increases, the array directivity increases. In the case of two elements, both antenna elements are excited with the same amplitude and phase. In the case of three elements, the side elements are excited to the same amplitude as the center element but with a relative phase of 30 ° with respect to the center element. These particular excitation coefficients will in each case yield the greatest realized gain. Fig. 13 provides a frequency dependent reflection coefficient for an antenna array simulation for all three cases, where S11 shows the variation when one, two or three elements are excited and the remaining elements are terminated in a matching load, and S21 shows the variation when two adjacent antenna elements are coupled. It can be seen that as the number of elements per beam increases, the active VSWR of the antenna changes particularly at the band edges due to the coupling between adjacent elements. However, in all three cases, the antenna provides an active VSWR of less than 2 in the frequency range of 225-450 MHz. Furthermore, the coupling between the two array elements remains below-15 dB over the entire operating bandwidth.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the broadband multi-beam antenna array is 1.220m, and the height is 0.330m.
The isolation between antenna elements depends on the lateral dimensions of the antenna array and the spacing of the elements as dictated by the number of elements. In this embodiment a 40 cm x 40 cm area is selected so that the antenna array can be easily mounted on the roof of the vehicle. Within the above size range, it is possible to fill up to eight individual antenna elements of the type described above in a circular array and ensure that there is no overlap between them. It should be noted that in other embodiments, more antenna elements may be used to obtain a greater number of individual beams and greater beam forming flexibility, and on the other hand, fewer antenna elements may be used to create higher isolation between elements while sacrificing fewer beams.
Fig. 14 shows the realized gain of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at 1000MHz, where (a) shows four orthogonal beams of the antenna array, three adjacent elements in the antenna array are excited together to form a single beam, the four beams pointing at phi = 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 °, respectively, the pattern showing that the actual gain of the antenna reaches a maximum at theta = 35 °, and (b) shows the realized gain of the wideband multi-beam antenna array line at different ground plane sizes. It can be seen that if the ground plane size of the antenna array becomes large, a higher gain of approximately 1dB can be obtained. In this embodiment, the smallest ground plane in (b) in fig. 14 is selected because it has a size advantage. In other embodiments, a larger ground plane may also be selected, which helps to increase the overall gain of the antenna.
In order to test the performance of the broadband multi-beam antenna array, similar to the antenna array element model, an antenna array model which is scaled down in a ratio of 3:1 is prepared, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: the ground plane and the antenna elements are manufactured from sheet metal and then assembled internally. Fig. 15 (a) shows the ground plane assembled with SMA connectors, with 8 SMA connector holes formed in the ground plane by cutting, the SMA connector outer conductors soldered to the bottom of the ground plane, the SMA conductor long inner pins extending through the holes, and their height fine-tuned. Fig. 15 (a) also shows eight slots circumferentially arranged around the center of the ground plane, each slot corresponding to the location where one end of the half-loop antenna is electrically connected to the ground plane, the slot being sized to match the shape of the loop antenna at its terminal end, allowing the loop to be inserted vertically into the ground plane and the joint to be soldered along the entire length of the slot. Fig. 15 (b) shows the antenna array after the first element is assembled. Fig. 15 (c) shows the assembled antenna array for all eight elements. The input reflection coefficients of the antenna array model are measured and compared with simulation results. In this process, one antenna element is excited and the rest of the elements are terminated in a 50Ω matching load. The proposed circular array is circumferentially symmetric, so that the antenna elements have similar responses. Fig. 16 shows the reflection coefficient versus frequency for three representative antenna element simulations and measurements. It can be seen that the resonance characteristics are similar and very consistent with the simulation results. The antenna array model achieves a wideband frequency response of less than-10 dB at frequencies near one octave. The above results indicate that the broadband multi-beam antenna array having the original size should perform well in the frequency band between 300-600 MHz.
Fig. 17 shows radiation characteristics of the antenna array model at three different frequencies within its operating bandwidth. The radiation patterns of all eight array elements were measured and similar behavior was observed. When measuring the antenna radiation pattern, one array element is excited and the remaining array elements are terminated in a 50Ω matching load. Wherein the first row shows the 3D simulated radiation patterns of one array element in the wideband multi-beam antenna array at three different frequencies (700, 1000, 1300 MHz) of the entire bandwidth thereof, the second row shows the simulated and measured gain versus angle curves of one antenna array element in the antenna array at the three different frequencies, the third row shows the 3D simulated radiation patterns of the wideband multi-beam antenna array at the three different frequencies, and the fourth row shows the simulated and measured gain versus angle curves of the antenna array at the three different frequencies. Black cuts on the 3D simulated radiation pattern (phi = 0 deg. plane) were compared to the measurements. Reasonable agreement between simulation and experimental results can be observed. The slight differences observed between simulation and measurement are due to manufacturing tolerances, potential misalignment of the axis alignment of the pinpointing antenna and the near field measurement system, and the feeder cables present in the measurement system, which are not present in the measurement system. Furthermore, the ground plane of the antenna array is quite large and may bend slightly when installed indoors, which is another factor that may lead to these differences. However, these divergences are small and the measurement result is generally matched with the theoretical result.
To test the performance of the wideband multi-beam antenna array in a more realistic operating scenario, the wideband multi-beam antenna array mounted on a simplified model of a high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle was simulated in this embodiment. As shown in fig. 18, the high mobility utility wheeled vehicle is 4.6m long, 2.3m wide and 2.0m high. The broadband multi-beam antenna array is positioned at the top of the high mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle, and is 2m away from the ground. The Soxhlet ground model is used to represent a uniform ground in the half space region z < 0. The results for wet and dry floors are provided in fig. 19 (a) and 19 (b), respectively. Both properties of the ground are set to be frequency dependent. The relative permittivity and conductivity of the wet ground gradually increased with frequency in the intervals [29.5, 29.7] and [0.044,0.080], respectively. The relative permittivity and conductivity of the dry ground similarly vary between the intervals [3.77,3.95] and [0.010,0.015], respectively. Simulation results show that the presence of the vehicle does not significantly alter the input reflection coefficient of the antenna. The extended size of the vehicle and the presence of the ground change the shape of the radiation pattern. Fig. 19 shows radiation patterns of two orthogonal cuts (x-z and y-z) of the broadband multi-beam antenna array at three different frequencies. The fluctuations in the actual gain of the broadband multi-beam antenna array are caused by the presence of a platform and ground reflection. However, the wideband multi-beam antenna array maintains directional behavior over its operating frequency bandwidth.
While preferred embodiments of the present embodiments have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or terminal device comprising the element.
The wideband multi-beam antenna array element and the array applied to the decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication provided by the application are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to illustrate the principle and the implementation of the application, and the description of the above examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the application; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have modifications in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
Claims (9)
1. The broadband multi-beam antenna array element for the decimeter wave frequency band vehicle-mounted communication is characterized by comprising: loop radiation board, monopole radiation board, grounding board and feed pole;
the loop radiation plate is vertically arranged on the surface of the grounding plate; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the loop radiating plate in parallel; the longitudinal section of the loop radiation plate is arched; one end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the grounding plate, and the other end of the loop radiation plate is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod;
the loop radiation plate comprises a first radiation plate, a second radiation plate and a curved surface connecting plate; the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate are parallel to each other and are perpendicular to the grounding plate; the curved surface connecting plate is connected with the end parts of the first radiation plate and the second radiation plate, which are far away from the grounding plate, respectively; the monopole radiating plate is arranged on the side edge of the second radiating plate in parallel; the end part of the first radiation plate, which is close to the grounding plate, is connected with the grounding plate; the end part of the second radiation plate, which is close to the grounding plate, is connected with the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod;
when a radio frequency signal is input to the loop radiation plate and the monopole radiation plate through the feed rod, the loop radiation plate reflects energy of the radio frequency signal to the monopole radiation plate.
2. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 1, further comprising a feed probe; one end of the feed probe is connected with the feed rod, and the other end of the feed probe penetrates through and extends to the other surface of the grounding plate.
3. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 1, wherein the feed rod is connected to an end of the monopole radiating plate that is proximate to the ground plane.
4. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 3, wherein the cross-section of the monopole radiating plate tapers from an end of the monopole radiating plate distal to the feed rod to an end proximal to the feed rod.
5. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the second radiating plate tapers from an end of the second radiating plate distal to the feed rod to an end proximal to the feed rod.
6. The wideband multi-beam antenna array element of claim 1, wherein the loop radiating plate, the feed bar, and the ground plate are integrally connected.
7. The wideband multi-beam antenna element of claim 1, wherein the wideband multi-beam antenna element has a height of λ/3-2λ/3, where λ is a free-space wavelength.
8. A broadband multi-beam antenna array for decimeter wave band vehicle-mounted communication, comprising: eight wideband multi-beam antenna elements according to any of claims 1-7 arranged in a loop.
9. The broadband multi-beam antenna array of claim 8, wherein the broadband multi-beam antenna array has a diameter of 1.220m and a height of 0.330m.
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