CN115258113A - Automatic folding flow guide pipe capable of preventing marine fishes from being accidentally injured - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic folding guide pipe for preventing marine fishes from being accidentally injured, which comprises a foldable guide pipe and a visual detector, wherein the foldable guide pipe comprises a guide pipe and retractable blades, the guide pipe comprises two first arc-shaped baffles with the same structure and two second arc-shaped baffles with the same structure, the two first arc-shaped baffles are hinged with a ship body and are also connected with the ship body in a foldable manner, and the second arc-shaped baffles are hinged and connected with the corresponding first arc-shaped baffles in a foldable manner; the retractable blades are arranged along the circumference of the inner wall of the flow guide pipe in an array manner and are hinged with the inner wall of the flow guide pipe; the automatically foldable flow guide pipe is sleeved on the propeller; when the visual detector detects that fish or other foreign matters are about to be sucked into the propeller, the retractable blades are controlled to be opened, and when the sea surface is normal or the guide pipe is folded, the retractable blades are controlled to be retracted and attached to the inner wall of the guide pipe. The guide pipe can be automatically folded to the bottom of the ship body, and can prevent fish or other foreign matters from being sucked into the propeller.

Description

An automatically foldable diversion tube to prevent accidental injury to marine fish

technical field

The invention relates to marine equipment, in particular to an automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish.

Background technique

With the development of shipbuilding technology, human footprints are all over the ocean. In existing ships, power is mainly provided by propellers. Along with the increase of ship's tonnage, the tonnage of propeller is also just more and more big, and just has reached about 10 meters in existing ship's propeller. When the ship is running, a vortex will be formed in front of the propeller so that the fish will be sucked into the propeller. The powerful propeller will tear the small fish into pieces, and the bloody smell of the shredded small fish will attract predators such as sharks to prey on them, causing casualties to large fish. At the same time, the sonar emitted by large ships in the process of driving is very similar to the sound of whales calling their companions, so it will also lure whales to follow behind the ship. Once scratched by the propeller, the wound is shocking. If the wound is too deep, it is difficult to recover, and it is buried in the ocean due to excessive blood loss or infection.

With more and more reports of propellers hurting fish, people are slowly realizing the seriousness of the problem. Various methods for preventing propellers from injuring fish have also been proposed in recent years. Among them, what has been specifically implemented is the use of sonar to drive away fish schools, but it has been proved by practice that sonar is more harmful to the ocean. The positioning and communication of many marine mammals are carried out through sonar. Human-caused sonar disorients the fish from rushing to the beach and stranding them. Also there is the invention that utilizes mechanical device to prevent fish from being accidentally injured again later, just proposes a kind of marine propeller that can prevent accidental injury to large fish and mammals in water as Chinese invention patent CN202110306618.0. A foldable cover is arranged in front of the propeller to prevent fish from being sucked into the propeller, but the front cover will not only cause power loss but also cannot prevent the outside of the propeller from scratching large fish. In further development, it was found that the draft tube can not only increase the thrust of the propeller but also prevent big fish from being scratched by the propeller, but it still cannot prevent small fish from being drawn into the propeller, and in some cases the draft tube will also become an obstacle. For example: when turning, the turning radius of the ship will become larger, the diversion tube may bottom out when docking at a port with a shallow water level, and the diversion tube is also an obstacle when cleaning or repairing the propeller.

Contents of the invention

Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatically foldable duct that prevents accidental injury to marine fish, which can prevent fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller, and can automatically fold the duct to the bottom of the ship when needed.

Technical solution: An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish in the present invention includes a foldable draft tube and a visual detector, and the foldable draft tube includes a draft tube, a retractable blade, a A folding part and a second folding part, the guide tube includes an upper half-arc baffle and a lower half-arc baffle, the upper half-arc baffle includes two first arc-shaped baffles with the same structure, and the two second The connecting end of an arc-shaped baffle is hinged with the hull through the first hinge part, and at the same time, the two first arc-shaped baffles are respectively foldably connected with the hull through the first folding part; the lower semi-arc-shaped baffle includes two The second arc-shaped baffle, and the two second arc-shaped baffles are respectively hinged to the two first arc-shaped baffles through the second hinge part, and at the same time, the two second arc-shaped baffles are respectively connected to the two second arc-shaped baffles through the second folding part. The first arc-shaped baffle can be folded and connected; the retractable blades are arranged in a circular array along the inner wall of the guide tube, and are hinged with the inner wall of the guide tube; the automatically foldable guide tube is sleeved on the propeller and does not contact the propeller The visual detector is used to monitor the sea surface information. When fish or other foreign objects are detected to be sucked into the propeller, the retractable blades are controlled to open to prevent fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller. When the sea surface is normal or the diversion tube is folded, The retractable blades are controlled to be retracted and attached to the inner wall of the guide tube; the guide tube is folded and attached to the bottom of the hull.

Preferably, the bottom of the hull is provided with a fourth connecting portion, the two ends of the first arc-shaped baffle are respectively provided with a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, and two first arc-shaped baffles are provided with one end of the first connecting portion butt joint, and the first connecting portion of the two first arc-shaped baffles and the fourth connecting portion of the hull bottom form a first hinge; one end of the second arc-shaped baffle is provided with a third connecting portion, and the second arc-shaped baffle The third connecting portion of the plate and the second connecting portion of the first arc-shaped baffle form a second hinge portion.

Preferably, both the first arc-shaped baffle and the second arc-shaped baffle include an arc-shaped flaring portion and an arc-shaped circular mouth portion, and the first connecting portion, the second connecting portion and the third connecting portion are all arranged on the arc-shaped circle. mouth.

Preferably, the retractable blades are arranged in a circular array along the junction of the arc-shaped flaring portion and the arc-shaped round mouth portion.

Preferably, the first folding part includes a first hydraulic rod, a first support part and a second support part, the first support part is arranged on the bottom of the hull, the second support part is arranged on the first arc baffle, and the first hydraulic rod The two ends are respectively hinged with the first supporting part and the second supporting part.

Preferably, the second folding part includes a second hydraulic rod, a third supporting part and a fourth supporting part, the third supporting part is arranged on the first arc-shaped baffle, and the fourth supporting part is arranged on the second arc-shaped baffle , the two ends of the second hydraulic rod are respectively hinged with the third support part and the fourth support part.

Preferably, the retractable vane includes a vane, a connecting rod, a hydraulic push rod and a hydraulic cylinder, one end of the vane is hinged on the inner walls of the first arc-shaped baffle and the second arc-shaped baffle, one end of the connecting rod is hinged to the vane, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic pusher. The rod is hinged, and the hydraulic push rod reciprocates in the hydraulic cylinder, and the connecting rod drives the blade to rotate around the hinge with the first arc baffle or the inner wall of the second arc baffle.

Preferably, the inner walls of the first arc-shaped baffle and the second arc-shaped baffle are provided with blade connecting shafts along the circumference, and the circumferential array on the blade connecting shafts is provided with a hydraulic mounting structure; the upper and lower surfaces of one end of the blade are respectively provided with a third hinge and the fourth hinge part, the blade is respectively hinged to the blade connecting shaft and the connecting rod through the third hinge part and the fourth hinge part, and the hydraulic cylinder is installed on the hydraulic installation structure.

A ship of the present invention includes the automatically foldable draft tube.

A control method for an automatically foldable draft tube to prevent accidental injury to marine fish of the present invention, comprising:

Folding and opening of the collapsible nozzle:

Under normal circumstances, the collapsible duct is fully open;

When it needs to be folded, the second folding part works to drive the second arc-shaped baffle to rotate around the second hinge and open outward until the second arc-shaped baffle is completely folded and stowed away; further, the first folding part works , drive the first arc-shaped baffle to rotate around the first hinge, and open outwards until the first and second arc-shaped baffles are folded and fitted to the bottom of the hull;

When it needs to be opened, the first folding part works, driving the first arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the first hinge part, retracting inward until the first arc-shaped baffle is fully retracted; further, the second folding part works, Drive the second arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the second hinge and retract inward until the second arc-shaped baffle is fully opened, and the two first arc-shaped baffles and the two second arc-shaped baffles form a closed structure ;

Expansion and retraction of retractable blades:

When the visual detector detects that fish or other foreign objects are about to be sucked into the propeller, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hydraulic push rod to move backward, the hydraulic push rod drives the connecting rod to move, and the connecting rod drives the blade to rotate around the blade connecting shaft, so that the blade opens , forming an adducted trumpet shape to prevent fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller;

When the visual detector detects that the sea surface is normal or the foldable nozzle needs to be folded, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hydraulic push rod to move forward, and the hydraulic push rod drives the connecting rod to move, and the connecting rod drives the blade to reversely rotate around the blade connecting shaft, thereby Make the vanes retract and stick to the inner wall of the draft tube.

Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the obvious technical effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention adopts a foldable draft tube, and when the ship turns, berths at a port, propeller cleaning and maintenance, etc., the draft tube will form In case of obstruction, the nozzle will automatically fold to the bottom of the boat. (2) The present invention uses retractable blades. When it is detected that fish or other foreign matter will be sucked into the propeller, the retractable blade will open to prevent the propeller from accidentally injuring fish and effectively prevent other hard foreign matter from being sucked into the propeller. Broken meeting. (3) The present invention adopts a visual detector, which can automatically monitor fish and other foreign objects and control the opening and closing of the foldable blades.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the axonometric view of the rear of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the front of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is an isometric view of the foldable nozzle of the present invention opened;

Fig. 4 is the isometric view of the closure of the collapsible draft guide vane of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is an axonometric view of the outside of the semi-arc baffle on the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is an axonometric view of the interior of the semi-arc baffle on the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is an axonometric view of the interior of the lower semi-arc baffle of the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a side view of the blade of the present invention;

Figure 9 is a rear view of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is an action diagram of shrinkage of the arc-shaped baffle at the lower part of the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a rear view of the shrinkage of the arc-shaped baffle at the lower part of the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is an action diagram of shrinkage of the arc-shaped baffle on the upper part of the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a rear view of the shrinkage of the upper arc-shaped baffle of the draft tube of the present invention;

Fig. 14 is the unopened sectional view of the blade of the present invention;

Figure 15 is an action diagram of the opening of the blades of the present invention;

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the blade of the present invention after it is opened;

Fig. 17 is an isometric view after the blade of the present invention is opened;

In the figure: foldable guide tube-1, guide tube-11, upper semi-arc baffle-111, lower half-arc baffle-112, retractable blade-12, blade-121, connecting rod-122, Hydraulic push rod-123 and hydraulic cylinder-124, first hydraulic rod-131, second hydraulic rod-141, third hinge part-A3, fourth hinge part-A4, first connection part-B1, second connection part -B2, the third connection part-B3, the fourth connection part-B4, the first support part-C1, the second support part-C2, the third support part-C3, the fourth support part-C4, the first arc expansion Mouth-D1, second arc-shaped flaring part-D2, first arc-shaped round mouth-E1, second arc-shaped round mouth-E2, blade connection shaft-F, hydraulic installation structure-G, visual detector 2, propeller - 3, hull - 4.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, an automatically foldable nozzle to prevent accidental injury to marine fish includes a foldable nozzle 1 and a visual detector 2, and the foldable nozzle 1 is set on the propeller 3 , and hinged at the stern of the hull 4, the visualization detector 2 is installed above the propeller at the bottom of the hull 4, and is used to monitor fish or other foreign matter being sucked into the propeller.

As shown in Figures 3 to 9, the draft tube 11 includes an upper half-arc baffle 111 and a lower half-arc baffle 112, the upper half-arc baffle 111 is hinged at the bottom of the hull through the first hinge part A1, and through The first folding part 13 is connected to the bottom of the hull to control its opening and closing; the upper half-arc baffle 111 and the lower half-arc baffle 112 are hinged together through the second hinge part A2, and then connected through the second folding part 14 to control It opens and closes. As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 9, the upper half arc baffle 111 includes two first arc baffles 1111 with the same structure, and the first arc baffle 1111 includes a first arc flaring part D1 and a first arc The two ends of the first arc-shaped round mouth E1 of the first arc-shaped baffle 1111 are respectively provided with a first connecting portion B1 and a second connecting portion B2, and the two first arc-shaped baffles 1111 are provided with One end with the first connecting part B1 is docked, and the bottom of the hull is provided with a fourth connecting part B4, and the first connecting part B1 of the two first arc-shaped baffles and the fourth connecting part B4 of the hull bottom form the first hinge part A1 , each first connecting portion B1 is respectively hinged with the fourth connecting portion B4; the outer wall of the first arc-shaped circular mouth portion E1 of the first arc-shaped baffle is provided with a second support portion C2 and a third support portion C3. As shown in Figure 7, the lower semi-arc baffle 112 includes two second arc baffles 1121 with the same structure, and the second arc baffle 1121 includes a second arc flaring portion D2 and a second arc circular opening Part E2, one end of the second arc-shaped circular mouth portion E2 of the second arc-shaped baffle 1121 is provided with a third connecting portion B3, and the third connecting portion B3 of the second arc-shaped baffle 1121 is connected to the first arc-shaped baffle The second connecting part B2 of 1111 forms the second hinge part A2; the outer wall of the second arc-shaped round mouth part E2 of the second arc-shaped baffle is provided with a fourth support part C4; the bottom of the hull is provided with a first support part C1; The first connecting part B1, the second connecting part B2, the third connecting part B3, the fourth connecting part B4, the first supporting part C1, the second supporting part C2, the third supporting part C3 and the fourth supporting part C4 are provided with connection hole.

Both ends of the first hydraulic rod 131 are respectively hinged to the first support part C1 and the second support part C2 through the connection holes, and the two ends of the second hydraulic rod 141 are respectively connected to the third support part C3 and the fourth support part C4 through the connection holes. hinged. The first hydraulic rod 131 , the first support part C1 and the second support part C2 form the first folding part 13 , and the contraction of the first hydraulic rod 131 controls the rotation of the two first arc-shaped baffles 1111 around the first hinge part A1 , Realize the opening and closing of the first arc-shaped baffle 1111; the second hydraulic rod 141, the third support part C3 and the fourth support part C4 form the second folding part 14, and the contraction of the second hydraulic rod 141 controls the two second arcs The arc-shaped baffle 1121 rotates around the second hinge portion A2 to realize the opening and closing of the second arc-shaped baffle 1121 . When the guide tube 11 is folded, the first arc-shaped baffle 1111 and the second arc-shaped baffle 1211 are opened under the action of the first hydraulic rod 131 and the second hydraulic rod 141 respectively, so that the guide tube 11 is folded to the bottom of the hull 4 When the guide tube 11 is closed, the first arc-shaped baffle 1111 and the second arc-shaped baffle 1121 are closed under the action of the first hydraulic rod 131 and the second hydraulic rod 141 respectively, forming a closed trumpet-shaped structure, and bilateral symmetry.

As shown in FIG. 6 , on the inner walls of the first arc-shaped baffle 1111 and the second arc-shaped baffle 1121 , blade connection shafts F are arranged along the circumferential direction, and hydraulic installation structures G are arranged in a circumferential array on the blade connection shafts.

As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 14 to Fig. 17, the retractable vanes 12 are arranged in an array along the inner wall of the guide tube 11, including vanes 121, connecting rods 122, hydraulic push rods 123 and hydraulic cylinders 124, and the upper surface of the connecting end of the vanes 121 and the lower surface are respectively provided with a third hinged part A3 and a fourth hinged part A4, and the third hinged part A3 and the fourth hinged part A4 are provided with connection holes; the blade 121 is hinged on the On the blade connecting shaft F, one end of the connecting rod 122 is hinged on the blade 121 through the connecting hole of the third hinge part A3, and the other end of the connecting rod 122 is hinged with the hydraulic push rod 123, and the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic push rod 123 in the hydraulic cylinder 124 Do reciprocating motion under the action, and drive the connecting rod 122 to do reciprocating motion, the connecting rod 122 drives the blade 121 to rotate around the blade connecting axis F; the hydraulic cylinder 124 is installed on the hydraulic mounting structure G, the hydraulic mounting structure G, hydraulic cylinder 124, hydraulic The rod 123 , the connecting rod 122 , and the blade 121 correspond one by one, and the pushing and pulling of the hydraulic push rod 123 can realize the opening and retracting of the blade 121 . The visual detector is installed above the propeller at the bottom of the ship to monitor fish or other foreign objects being sucked into the propeller; when the visual detector detects that the fish is about to be sucked into the propeller, the retractable blade will open to block the fish and prevent it from being sucked into the propeller. Inhalation of the propeller, here is not just to monitor fish, the retractable blades will open when other foreign objects are detected to be sucked into the propeller.

The blade 121 is arc-shaped, so that when the blade 121 is retracted, it can be close to the inner wall of the first arc-shaped baffle 1111 or the second arc-shaped baffle 1121; the connecting end of the blade 121 is wide, and the free end is narrow, so that when the blade 121 is expanded It can form a retracted horn shape to prevent fish or other foreign matter from being sucked into the propeller 3; and when the blade 121 is deployed, a through hole is formed in the middle to prevent contact with the propeller 3; the blade connecting shaft F is arranged on the arc flared part and the arc The junction of the round mouth makes it impossible to leak out of the diversion tube when the blade is unfolded and retracted, preventing accidental injury to fish.

The self-folding guide tube 1 is sleeved on the propeller 3 and is not in contact with the propeller 3; when the guide tube 11 is opened, the two first arc-shaped baffles 1111 and the two second arc-shaped baffles 1111 of the guide tube 11 The baffles 1121 are spliced into a trumpet shape; when the visual detector 2 detects that fish or other foreign objects are about to be sucked into the propeller 3, the retractable blade 12 opens inwardly around the hinge axis to form a trumpet shape, preventing fish or other foreign matter from being sucked into the propeller 3. The foreign object is close to the propeller 3; when the guide tube 11 is folded, the retractable blade 12 is retracted around the hinge axis, and fits on the inner wall of the guide tube 11, and the second folding part 14 works to drive the two second arc stops The plate 1121 rotates around the second hinge part A2 and opens outward, and then the first folding part 13 works to drive the two first arc-shaped baffles 1111 to rotate around the first hinge part A1 and open outward until the two first arc-shaped baffles 1111 rotate around the first hinge part A1 The baffle 1111 and the two second arc-shaped baffles 1121 are completely folded and attached to the bottom of the hull 4 .

A method for controlling an automatically foldable draft tube to prevent accidental injury to marine fish, comprising the following steps:

Folding and opening of the collapsible draft tube 1:

Under normal circumstances, the foldable draft tube 1 is fully opened;

When the diversion pipe will form an obstacle when the ship is turning, berthing at the port, cleaning and repairing the propeller, etc. It is necessary to fold the foldable nozzle to the bottom of the hull 4 . As shown in Figure 9, it is the state that the guide tube 11 is fully opened. When it needs to be folded, as shown in Figure 10, the control system makes the second hydraulic rod 141 start to shrink by controlling the built-in hydraulic system, driven by the second hydraulic rod 141 The lower second arc-shaped baffle rotates around the second hinge and opens outward until the second arc-shaped baffle is completely folded and stowed; as shown in Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the second arc-shaped baffle completely folded and stowed. Further, the first hydraulic rod 131 begins to shrink, and as shown in Figure 12, driven by the first hydraulic rod 131, the first arc-shaped baffle rotates around the first hinge and opens outward until the first arc-shaped baffle and the second The two curved baffles are all folded up and attached to the bottom of the hull, as shown in Figure 13.

When it needs to be opened, the first hydraulic rod begins to stretch to drive the first arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the first hinge, and retracts inward until the first arc-shaped baffle is completely retracted; further, the second hydraulic rod extends long, drive the second arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the second hinge, retract inward until the second arc-shaped baffle is fully opened, two first arc-shaped baffles and two second arc-shaped baffles form closed structure;

Expansion and retraction of retractable blades:

On the premise that the foldable nozzle 1 is fully opened, when the visual detector 2 detects that fish or other foreign objects are sucked into the propeller, it will transmit the signal to the control system, and the control system will make the hydraulic propeller through the built-in hydraulic system. The rod makes a corresponding movement to realize the expansion of the retractable blade 12, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 . When driving normally or when the foldable nozzle 1 needs to be folded, the retractable vanes 12 need to be folded as shown in FIG. 4 .

Figure 14 is a sectional view of the retractable vane 12 when it is retracted. The vane 121 is close to the inner wall of the duct 11. When the vane 121 needs to be expanded, the control system moves the hydraulic push rod 123 backward through the built-in hydraulic system, as shown in Figure 15 , the hydraulic push rod 123 drives the connecting rod 122 to move, and the connecting rod 122 drives the blade 121 to rotate around the blade connecting shaft, so that the blade is opened to form an adducted trumpet shape, preventing fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller. As shown in Figure 16 and Figure 17 when the blades are fully deployed.

When the visual detector detects that the sea surface is normal or the foldable nozzle needs to be folded, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hydraulic push rod to move forward, and the hydraulic push rod drives the connecting rod to move, and the connecting rod drives the blade to reversely rotate around the blade connecting shaft, thereby Make the vanes retract and stick to the inner wall of the draft tube.

Claims (10)

1. An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish, characterized in that it comprises a foldable draft tube (1) and a visual detector (2), and the foldable draft tube (1) includes a Flow tube (11), retractable blades (12), first folded part (13) and second folded part (14), the guide tube (11) includes an upper half-arc baffle (111) and a lower half-arc shaped baffle (112), the upper half arc baffle includes two first arc baffles (1111) with the same structure, and the connecting ends of the two first arc baffles (1111) pass through the first hinge ( A1) is hinged with the hull (4), while two first arc-shaped baffles (1111) are foldably connected to the hull (4) through the first folding part (13) respectively; the lower half-arc baffle (112) includes two a second arc-shaped baffle (1121) with the same structure, and the two second arc-shaped baffles (1121) are respectively hinged to the two first arc-shaped baffles (1111) through the second hinge (A2), and at the same time The two second arc-shaped baffles (1121) are foldably connected to the two first arc-shaped baffles (1111) respectively through the second folding part (14); The inner wall is arranged in a circular array and is hinged to the inner wall of the draft tube (11); the automatically foldable draft tube (1) is sleeved on the propeller (3) and does not contact the propeller (3); the visual detector is used to monitor the sea surface Information, when it is detected that fish or other foreign objects are about to be sucked into the propeller, control the retractable blades to open to prevent fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller; when the sea surface is normal or when the diversion tube is folded, control the retractable blades to retract and fit On the inner wall of the draft tube (11); the draft tube is folded and attached to the bottom of the hull (4). 2. A kind of automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, the bottom of the hull is provided with a fourth connecting portion (B4), and the first arc-shaped baffle (1111) The two ends are respectively provided with a first connecting part (B1) and a second connecting part (B2). The first connecting portion (B1) of the arc-shaped baffle (1111) and the fourth connecting portion (B4) of the hull bottom form a first hinged portion (A1); one end of the second arc-shaped baffle (1121) is provided with a third The connection part (B3), the third connection part (B3) of the second arc-shaped baffle (1121) and the second connection part (B2) of the first arc-shaped baffle (1111) form a second hinge part (A2). 3. An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fishes according to claim 2, characterized in that, the first arc-shaped baffle (1111) and the second arc-shaped baffle (1121) both include arc Shaped flaring portion and arc-shaped round mouth portion, the first connecting portion (B1), the second connecting portion (B2) and the third connecting portion (B3) are all arranged on the arc-shaped round mouth portion. 4. An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 3, characterized in that the retractable blade (12) is along the circumference of the junction of the arc-shaped flaring part and the arc-shaped round mouth part. array arrangement. 5. An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 1, characterized in that the first folding part (13) includes a first hydraulic rod (131), a first support part (C1 ) and the second support part (C2), the first support part (C1) is arranged at the bottom of the hull (4), the second support part (C2) is arranged on the first arc-shaped baffle (1111), and the first hydraulic rod ( 131) are respectively hinged to the first support part (C1) and the second support part (C2). 6. The automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, the second folding part (14) includes a second hydraulic rod (141), a third support part (C3 ) and the fourth supporting part (C4), the third supporting part (C3) is arranged on the first arc-shaped baffle (1111), and the fourth supporting part (C4) is arranged on the second arc-shaped baffle (1121), Both ends of the second hydraulic rod (141) are respectively hinged to the third support part (C3) and the fourth support part (C4). 7. A kind of automatically foldable guide tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 1, characterized in that, the retractable blade (12) includes a blade (121), a connecting rod (122), a hydraulic push rod ( 123) and hydraulic cylinder (124), one end of the blade (121) is hinged on the inner wall of the first arc-shaped baffle (1111) and the second arc-shaped baffle (1121), and one end of the connecting rod (122) is hinged to the blade (121), The other end is hinged with the hydraulic push rod (123), and the hydraulic push rod (123) reciprocates in the hydraulic cylinder (124), and the blade (121) is driven around it by the connecting rod (122) to connect with the first arc-shaped baffle plate (1111 ) or the hinge of the inner wall of the second arc baffle (1121) rotates. 8. An automatically foldable draft tube for preventing accidental injury to marine fish according to claim 7, characterized in that, the inner walls of the first arc-shaped baffle (1111) and the second arc-shaped baffle (1121), A blade connection shaft (F) is provided along the circumference, and a hydraulic mounting structure (G) is arranged on the circumference of the blade connection shaft (F); the upper and lower surfaces of one end of the blade (121) are respectively provided with a third hinge (A3) and a fourth hinge part (A4), the blade (121) is hinged with the blade connecting shaft (F) and the connecting rod (122) respectively through the third hinge part (A3) and the fourth hinge part (A4), and the hydraulic cylinder (124) is installed on the hydraulic installation structure (G). 9. A ship, characterized in that the ship comprises the automatically foldable nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. A control method for an automatically foldable draft tube to prevent accidental injury to marine fish, characterized in that it comprises: Folding and opening of the collapsible nozzle: Under normal circumstances, the collapsible duct is fully open; When it needs to be folded, the second folding part works to drive the second arc-shaped baffle to rotate around the second hinge and open outward until the second arc-shaped baffle is completely folded and stowed away; further, the first folding part works , drive the first arc-shaped baffle to rotate around the first hinge, and open outwards until the first and second arc-shaped baffles are folded and fitted to the bottom of the hull; When it needs to be opened, the first folding part works, driving the first arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the first hinge part, retracting inward until the first arc-shaped baffle is fully retracted; further, the second folding part works, Drive the second arc-shaped baffle to reversely rotate around the second hinge and retract inward until the second arc-shaped baffle is fully opened, and the two first arc-shaped baffles and the two second arc-shaped baffles form a closed structure ; Expansion and retraction of retractable blades: When the visual detector detects that fish or other foreign objects are about to be sucked into the propeller, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hydraulic push rod to move backward, the hydraulic push rod drives the connecting rod to move, and the connecting rod drives the blade to rotate around the blade connecting shaft, so that the blade opens , forming an adducted trumpet shape to prevent fish or other foreign objects from being sucked into the propeller; When the visual detector detects that the sea surface is normal or the foldable nozzle needs to be folded, the hydraulic cylinder pushes the hydraulic push rod to move forward, and the hydraulic push rod drives the connecting rod to move, and the connecting rod drives the blade to reversely rotate around the blade connecting shaft, thereby Make the vanes retract and stick to the inner wall of the draft tube.

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