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CN115254398A - Method for pre-selecting and discarding gold ores and reducing excessive grinding - Google Patents

Method for pre-selecting and discarding gold ores and reducing excessive grinding Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115254398A
CN115254398A CN202211063076.XA CN202211063076A CN115254398A CN 115254398 A CN115254398 A CN 115254398A CN 202211063076 A CN202211063076 A CN 202211063076A CN 115254398 A CN115254398 A CN 115254398A
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minerals
gold
tailings
fraction
dense medium
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CN115254398B (en
Inventor
徐超
李光胜
朱幸福
蔡明明
卢中博
陈艳波
吉强
张军童
高腾跃
秦广林
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Shandong Gold Mining Industry Technology Co ltd Xuanye Laboratory Branch
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Shandong Gold Mining Industry Technology Co ltd Xuanye Laboratory Branch
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/092980 priority patent/WO2024045687A2/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for pre-selecting and throwing waste and reducing excessive grinding of gold ores, which comprises the steps of screening and grading cyclone sand setting in a gold ore grinding grading closed circulation system to obtain coarse fraction minerals, intermediate fraction minerals and fine fraction minerals; then returning the coarse fraction minerals to a ball mill for regrinding, and feeding the intermediate fraction minerals into a dense medium separation system to obtain dense medium separation tailings to be treated as waste rocks, and obtaining dense medium separation concentrates to be returned to the ball mill for regrinding; and finally, performing flash flotation on the fine-fraction minerals to obtain high-grade gold concentrate serving as a product, and returning flash flotation tailings to the ball mill for regrinding. The method can realize the high-efficiency separation between the main useful minerals and the gangue minerals in the gold mine, and obviously reduce the ore amount entering the flotation process; and the useful minerals dissociated by the monomers in the grinding and grading closed circuit can be floated and separated in advance, so that the influence of over-grinding on the recovery rate of Au caused by continuous circulating accumulation of the minerals in the cyclone grading process due to high specific gravity is avoided.

Description

Method for pre-selecting and discarding gold ores and reducing excessive grinding
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for pre-selecting and discarding gold ores and reducing excessive grinding, and belongs to the technical field of ore dressing.
Background
In the grinding classification circuit, there are different degrees of over-grinding of the ore. The degree of over-grinding is more severe for those ores that are dense, brittle, and friable. The excessive grinding not only causes the loss of a large amount of valuable heavy metals, but also reduces the production capacity of the ore mill, increases the energy consumption, and directly influences the economic benefit of the ore mill. In addition, the over-grinding results in a sludging phenomenon that makes subsequent operations such as sorting and dewatering difficult. The hydraulic classification has defects in principle, and a method for improving equipment parameters and a process flow cannot overcome the defects, so that the currently adopted measures for improving the classification efficiency, such as introducing screening operation, secondary classification, a Huji cone hydraulic classifier, hu Jishai and the like, have a limited effect on solving the problem of over-grinding of valuable heavy minerals.
The development of gold resources and the generation of a large amount of tailings restrict the development of mining enterprises. Therefore, from the perspective of green and energy-saving mine construction, the method has certain practical significance for preselecting and discarding the tailings by adopting the dense medium beneficiation technology. The coarse-grained waste rock can be used as underground heavy filling aggregate or building material aggregate, so that the amount of tailings is reduced, and the service life of a tailing pond is prolonged. At present, the heavy medium preselection separation technology in China is not widely applied to the industrial separation of nonferrous metals. The technology has more application examples in foreign copper, lead, zinc, tungsten and other metal ore sorting. The gold ore resources are more difficult to separate by adopting dense media because the main elements of the gold ore resources are calculated in g/t and the content of the gold ore resources is much lower than that of other metal ores.
The invention patent application with publication number CN113634346A relates to a non-ferrous metal ore pre-selection waste-throwing method, which mainly adopts the following technical means: (1) Crushing non-ferrous metal ore raw ores, and then performing first screening and grading to obtain first coarse ores, first fine ores and first qualified ores; (2) Performing intelligent ore separation on the first rough ore to obtain a first rough concentrate and gangue tailings; (3) Crushing the first rough concentrate, and then carrying out second screening and grading to obtain a second fine ore and a second qualified ore; (4) Performing heavy medium beneficiation on the first fine ore and the second fine ore to obtain concentrate and gangue tailings; the concentrate is qualified ore.
The main disadvantages of the above patent technologies are: the method is suitable for non-ferrous metal ore raw ores, the crushing granularity of the raw ores is thick, in the implementation process of a gold mine, the main element of a gold ore resource is gold, the content is in g/t, and the dissociation degree is not enough to achieve the heavy medium separation effect; the method combines the gold ore resource specificity and the heavy medium separation applicability, uses cyclone sand setting as a raw material for separation, and uses process mineralogy analysis as a basis for separating fully dissociated useful minerals and gangue minerals to obtain the heavy medium separation tailings with gold grade lower than that of flotation tailings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the method has good separation effect and strong adaptability to gold ores and can solve the problem of overgrinding of an ore grinding and grading system by fully utilizing close distribution relation of the pyrite and the gold minerals, specific gravity difference between the pyrite and the gangue minerals, easy floatation property of the pyrite and the like.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for gold ore pre-selection waste throwing and reduction of excessive grinding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening and grading the cyclone sand in the gold ore grinding grading closed circulation system, obtaining coarse fraction minerals, intermediate fraction minerals and fine fraction minerals; the grain size of the coarse fraction mineral is more than or equal to 3mm, and the grain size of the fine fraction mineral is less than or equal to 0.5mm;
(2) Returning the coarse fraction minerals to the ball mill for regrinding;
(3) The middle size fraction minerals enter a dense medium separation system to obtain dense medium separation tailings to be treated as waste rocks, and the dense medium separation concentrate is obtained and returned to a ball mill for regrinding;
(4) And carrying out flash flotation on the fine-fraction minerals to obtain high-grade gold concentrate as a product, and returning flash flotation tailings to the ball mill for regrinding.
Preferably, the coarse fraction mineral has a particle size of more than or equal to 5mm.
Preferably, the fine fraction mineral is less than or equal to 0.25mm.
Preferably, the middle fraction mineral enters a heavy medium sorting system to obtain heavy medium sorting tailings to be treated as waste rocks, the waste throwing yield is determined according to the Au grade of the tailings, the Au grade of the tailings is less than or equal to 0.15g/t, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1g/t, and the waste rocks are used as building sand and filling materials; and returning the obtained dense medium separation concentrate to a ball mill for regrinding.
Further preferably, the Au grade of the tailings is less than or equal to 0.1g/t.
Preferably, the dense medium sorting system comprises dense medium liquid preparation, screening and medium removal and magnetic separation medium washing.
Preferably, the dense medium used for sorting the dense medium is ferrosilicon powder.
Preferably, the fine-fraction minerals are subjected to flash flotation to obtain high-grade gold concentrate serving as a product, the gold grade is not less than 60g/t, and the obtained flash flotation tailings are returned to a ball mill for regrinding.
Preferably, the gold ore is quartz vein type gold ore.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention reasonably designs the treatment process of ores with different grain sizes by carrying out granularity classification on the cyclone sand setting of the grinding classification closed-circuit system and by means of combining closed-circuit screening, dense medium separation and flash flotation, thereby realizing the effects of returning the coarse-grain cyclone sand setting to grinding, tailing throwing and pre-enriching of the intermediate-grain cyclone sand setting, flash flotation of fine-grain products to obtain high-grade gold concentrate and the like. The method provided by the invention can realize the high-efficiency separation between the main useful minerals and the gangue minerals in the gold mine, obviously reduce the ore amount entering the flotation process and save the cost; the method can also float and select the useful minerals dissociated by the monomers in the ore grinding grading closed circuit in advance, avoid the influence of over grinding on the recovery rate of Au caused by continuous circulating accumulation of the minerals in the cyclone grading process due to high specific gravity, and provide technical support for improving the economic benefit of gold ores, green and efficient development of mines and resource utilization.
Compared with the invention patent application with the publication number of CN113634346A, which relates to a non-ferrous metal ore pre-selection waste-throwing method, the method has the following technical advantages: the method is more suitable for pre-selecting and discarding gold ore resources, the discarded tailings with gold grade lower than that of the flotation tailings are obtained, and the discarded yield is higher; and the patent applies waste throwing and over-grinding inhibition to the same raw material in advance, is convenient to implement and has wide application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of tailings yield and distribution rate under different density conditions of (-5mm + 0.28mm) sample dense medium sorting in the example of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the tailings yield and distribution rate under different density conditions of (-2mm + 0.28mm) sample dense medium sorting in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding and practice of the invention, reference will now be made to the following examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed as the limit of the invention.
The method of the present invention comprises a series of process steps that can be carried out in equipment that meets the desired process conditions.
As shown in fig. 1, after raw ore grinding, the product is pumped to a cyclone for classification, the overflow of the cyclone enters the main flotation operation, and the settled sand of the cyclone is screened by a double-layer vibrating screen to obtain coarse fraction minerals, intermediate fraction minerals and fine fraction minerals.
Returning the coarse fraction minerals to the ball mill;
fine-fraction minerals enter a flash flotation system, flash flotation concentrate is sold as a product, and flash flotation tailings return to a ball mill;
the middle size fraction mineral enters a dense medium separation system, the dense medium (ferrosilicon powder) and the middle size fraction mineral are uniformly mixed in a dense medium stirring barrel and are pumped into a dense medium cyclone, dense medium separation concentrate is discharged from the bottom flow of the cyclone, screened and de-sized by a linear vibrating screen, oversize products are cleaned by a cleaning screen and then fed into a ball mill, separation tailings are discharged from the overflow of the cyclone, screened and de-sized by the linear vibrating screen, oversize products are cleaned by the cleaning screen and then are thrown out as final tailings. And products under the screens of the two medium removing vibrating screens return to the heavy medium stirring barrel after dehydration, and water is recycled.
Example 1
Flash flotation application of cyclone sand settling fine fraction products: the fine fraction product (less than or equal to 0.25 mm) of settled sand of a gold ore cyclone has the concentrate grade of 77.23g/t under the conditions that the flotation concentration is 60% and the flotation time is 1min, the yield is 2.45%, the recovery rate of Au is 44.18%, the recovery rate of a pyrite monomer and other metal sulfide intergrowths is 95.43%, and the recovery rate of an intergrowth is 80.61%, so that the aim of pre-floating the monomer to dissociate useful minerals is achieved, and the problem of over-grinding can be effectively inhibited.
Example 2
The separation condition of settled sand dense media of a certain mine cyclone:
cyclone sand setting (-5mm + 0.28mm) and (-2mm + 0.28mm) samples are respectively prepared and subjected to a heavy medium cyclone mineral separation test, and the test data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 results of mineral separation tests on heavy media
Figure BDA0003827067330000041
According to the results of the dense medium beneficiation test, a curve of the tailing yield and the distribution rate under the conditions of different densities for (-5mm + 0.28mm) sample dense medium separation is drawn, and a curve of the tailing yield and the distribution rate under the conditions of different densities for (-2mm + 0.28mm) sample dense medium separation is shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
The dense medium sorting result shows that:
(1) Along with the increasing of the density of the emphasis medium, the yield of the tailings is increased continuously, and the distribution rate of Au and S of the concentrate is in a descending trend.
(2) Compared with the Au grade in the tailings, the sorting effect of the sample of 2mm +0.28mm is slightly better than that of-5mm +0.28mm.
(3) Under the condition that the sorting density of a sample of-2mm +0.28mm is 1.92g/m < 3 >, the yield of tailings is 47.69%, the grades of Au and S in the tailings are 0.17g/t and 0.1% respectively, and the distribution rates of Au and S in concentrate are 94.14% and 93.58% respectively.
Example 3
The conditions of sand setting flash flotation and heavy medium separation of a certain mine cyclone are as follows: and screening the cyclone settled sand by using vibrating screens with the sizes of 5mm and 0.25mm respectively to obtain coarse fraction minerals (larger than 5 mm), intermediate fraction minerals (0.25-5 mm) and fine fraction minerals (larger than 0.25 mm). The separation medium is heavy medium liquid prepared from ferrosilicon powder and water. The results of the heavy medium separation tests on the coarse fraction and middle fraction minerals are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 results of the coarse fraction and middle fraction mineral dense medium separation tests
Figure BDA0003827067330000051
The test result shows that: the coarse fraction minerals have large Au grade fluctuation due to insufficient monomer dissociation degree, and stable tailing discarding products cannot be obtained, so the products need to be returned to a ball mill for re-grinding; the middle grade product can obtain better tailing discarding products and lower tailing discarding Au grade (less than or equal to 0.15g/t, lower than the flotation tailing Au grade) in each grade interval.
Flash flotation is carried out on fine fraction products (< 0.25 mm), and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 flash flotation test results for fine fraction products at different flotation concentrations
Figure BDA0003827067330000052
Figure BDA0003827067330000061
The flotation concentration test result shows that: with the increase of the flotation concentration, the Au grade of the concentrate and the Au recovery rate both show the trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing; the recovery was highest at a flotation concentration of 55% and the concentrate grade was highest at a flotation concentration of 60% (77.95 g/t).

Claims (9)

1. A method for gold ore pre-selection waste throwing and reduction of excessive grinding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Screening and grading the cyclone sand setting in the gold ore grinding grading closed circulation system to obtain coarse fraction minerals, intermediate fraction minerals and fine fraction minerals; the grain size of the coarse fraction mineral is more than or equal to 3mm, and the grain size of the fine fraction mineral is less than or equal to 0.5mm;
(2) Returning the coarse fraction minerals to the ball mill for regrinding;
(3) The middle size fraction minerals enter a dense medium separation system, dense medium separation tailings are obtained and are treated as waste rocks, and dense medium separation concentrate is obtained and returns to a ball mill for regrinding;
(4) And performing flash flotation on the fine-grained minerals to obtain high-grade gold concentrate as a product, and returning the obtained flash flotation tailings to the ball mill for regrinding.
2. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the coarse fraction mineral is more than or equal to 5mm.
3. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 1, wherein: the fine fraction mineral is less than or equal to 0.25mm.
4. The method for pre-selecting and discarding gold ores and reducing overpolishing according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the middle size fraction mineral enters a heavy medium sorting system to obtain heavy medium sorting tailings to be treated as waste rocks, the waste throwing yield is determined according to the Au grade of the tailings, the Au grade of the tailings is less than or equal to 0.15g/t, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1g/t, and the waste rocks are used as building sand and filling materials; and returning the obtained dense medium separation concentrate to a ball mill for regrinding.
5. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 4, wherein: the Au grade of the tailings is less than or equal to 0.1g/t.
6. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 1, wherein: the dense medium separation system comprises dense medium liquid preparation, screening and medium removal and magnetic separation medium washing.
7. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 6, wherein: the dense medium used for sorting the dense medium is ferrosilicon powder.
8. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 1, wherein: and performing flash flotation on the fine-fraction minerals to obtain high-grade gold concentrate serving as a product, wherein the gold grade is not less than 60g/t, and the obtained flash flotation tailings are returned to the ball mill for regrinding.
9. The method for gold ore pre-selection waste disposal and reduction of overpolishing according to claim 1, wherein: the gold ore is quartz vein type gold ore.
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