CN115235137B - Cooling structure of coupling air gap type thermal switch of throttling refrigerator and implementation method - Google Patents
Cooling structure of coupling air gap type thermal switch of throttling refrigerator and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115235137B CN115235137B CN202210811441.4A CN202210811441A CN115235137B CN 115235137 B CN115235137 B CN 115235137B CN 202210811441 A CN202210811441 A CN 202210811441A CN 115235137 B CN115235137 B CN 115235137B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/06—Superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/003—Filters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cooling structure of a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method thereof. The units are fastened and connected through screws. The throttling compressor unit and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit respectively provide a driving source and precooling for the JT throttling unit, and the air gap thermal switch is an active cooling device of the JT throttling unit. The throttling compressor unit comprises a throttling compressor unit, a low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir and a high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir. The JT throttling unit comprises a high-pressure pipeline, a low-pressure pipeline, a vacuum cavity, a countercurrent heat exchanger, a primary cold screen, a secondary cold screen, a throttle valve and an evaporator. The air gap thermal switch unit comprises a hot end copper component, a cold end copper component, a supporting tube, a sealing interface, an adsorption pipeline, an adsorption pump and a flexible cold chain. The invention has the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, high refrigerating efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of low temperature, and particularly relates to a cooling structure of a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method.
Background
The vigorous development of aerospace science and technology provides great assistance for human exploration universe. The space refrigerating system is required to provide deep low temperature for deep space detectors such as superconducting quantum interference devices, superconducting photon detectors, millimeter and sub-millimeter wave detectors and the like, so that a high-reliability and long-service-life low temperature system is a necessary condition. Wherein the 4K temperature zone is not only the operating temperature zone of some detectors, but also the pre-cooling stage temperature of the refrigerator in the lower temperature zone. The pre-cooling JT refrigerator technology has the advantages of high stability, long service life and no moving parts at the cold end, and becomes an important research direction. Researchers have conducted extensive research on their structural design and cooling schemes. The cold energy of the JT refrigerator in the cooling process is mainly derived from the precooler, and the cold energy required in the cooling process is mainly conducted by the sleeve. Because the throttling transition temperature of helium is 45K, the cold end of the JT refrigerator does not generate cold energy above 45K, and the integral cooling speed of the JT refrigerator is lower than that of a Stirling refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator. Therefore, how to quickly transfer the cold energy to the cold end of the JT refrigerator is the key for accelerating the cooling speed of the JT refrigerator.
Disclosure of Invention
The pre-cooling JT refrigerator technology is a mainstream technology for obtaining a 4-6K temperature zone in the current space, and has wide application prospect in the space. However, the cooling rate of the JT refrigerator is slow compared to pulse tube and stirling refrigerators, and no theory is currently available for the auxiliary cooling scheme of the JT refrigerator. The bypass pipe technology is widely used in the existing foreign space JT refrigerator, and the problems of complex structure and low space utilization rate due to the lack of a stop valve at low temperature are found in the domestic research process. Aiming at the limitation of cooling by using a bypass pipeline in the prior art, the invention provides a cooling structure of a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method thereof. An air gap thermal switch is arranged between the secondary pulse tube cold head and the JT throttling refrigerator evaporator, a hot end copper component of the thermal switch is fixedly connected with a cold end screw of the pulse tube refrigerator, and a cold end of the thermal switch and the adsorption pump are connected with the JT throttling compressor evaporator through a flexible cold chain. At the initial stage of temperature reduction of the JT throttling unit, a gap between the cold end and the hot end copper component of the hot switch is filled with helium, the air gap hot switch is in an on state, cold energy of the second-stage pulse tube cold head is transferred to the evaporator through the hot switch, when the temperature of the evaporator is reduced to below the transition temperature of the hot switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration at the moment, the adsorption pump adsorbs the helium between the cold end and the hot end copper component of the hot switch, the hot switch is disconnected, and heat resistance between the pulse tube cold head and the evaporator is increased, so that heat dissipation is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state. The cooling structure of the air gap type heat switch of the throttling refrigerator and the realization method have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigeration efficiency and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The invention provides a cooling structure of a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method thereof, wherein the cooling structure comprises a throttling compressor unit 1, a JT throttling unit 2, a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 and an air gap thermal switch unit 4. The throttling compressor unit 1 comprises a throttling compressor unit 1.1, a low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir 1.2 and a high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir 1.3, wherein the throttling compressor unit 1.1 is driven by a direct-current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and the low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir 1.2 and the high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir 1.3 are arranged at two ends of the compressor unit to play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow. JT throttle unit 2 includes low pressure line 2.1, high pressure line 2.2, vacuum chamber 2.3, first order countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, first order cold shield 2.5, second grade countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, second order cold shield 2.7, tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, filter 2.9, choke valve 2.10 and evaporimeter 2.11, first order countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, second grade countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 adopt two stainless steel pipe sleeve coaxial arrangement to make, weld in proper order or through three-way welded connection back terminal and choke valve 2.10, evaporimeter 2.11 through welded connection. The two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 comprises an active phase modulation compressor 3.1, a pulse tube main driving compressor 3.2, a primary pulse tube hot end 3.3, a secondary pulse tube hot end 3.4, a sealing flange plate 3.5, a primary pulse tube heat regenerator 3.6, a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator 3.7, an intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, a secondary pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device 3.9 and a secondary pulse tube cold end 3.10. The active phase modulation technology is adopted, which is favorable for obtaining the best performance of pulse tubes and has the advantages of wide phase modulation range, low temperature, high efficiency and the like. The two-stage pulse tube cold finger unit adopts a coaxial structure, the primary pulse tube and the secondary pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, the intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 integrates two functions of a primary pulse tube cold head and a secondary pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced. The air gap thermal switch unit 4 comprises a hot end copper component 4.1, a supporting tube 4.2, a cold end copper component 4.3, a sealing interface 4.4, an adsorption pipeline 4.5, an adsorption pump 4.6 and a flexible cold chain 4.7. In the cooling process of the JT throttling unit 2, the air gap thermal switch is started and disconnected through the change of the adsorption capacity of the adsorption pump 4.6 on helium along with the temperature, so that the heat conduction connection and disconnection of the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11 are realized. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 reaches the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is turned off to increase the heat conduction resistance, reduce the heat leakage of the evaporator 2.11 and improve the refrigeration efficiency.
The invention has the advantages that: at the initial cooling stage of the JT throttling unit, a gap between the cold end and the hot end copper component of the hot switch is filled with helium, the air gap hot switch is in an on state, the cold quantity of the second-stage pulse tube cold head is transferred to the evaporator through the hot switch, and the cooling rate of the JT refrigerator is accelerated. When the temperature of the evaporator is reduced to be lower than the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration at the moment, the adsorption pump adsorbs helium between the copper components at the cold end and the hot end of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is disconnected, and the thermal resistance between the vascular cold head and the evaporator is increased, so that the heat leakage of the low-temperature system is reduced, and the temperature of the heat source is kept in a stable state. The cooling structure of the air gap type heat switch of the throttling refrigerator and the realization method have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigeration efficiency and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooling structure and implementation method of a coupled air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator;
In the figure: 1.1 throttling compressor unit, 1.2 low pressure steady-pressure gas reservoir, 1.3 high pressure steady-flow gas reservoir, 2.1 low pressure pipeline, 2.2 high pressure pipeline, 2.3 vacuum cavity, 2.4 first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, 2.5 first-stage cold screen, 2.6 second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, 2.7 second-stage cold screen, 2.8 third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger, 2.9 filter, 2.10 throttle valve and 2.11 evaporator, 3.1 active phase modulation compressor, 3.2 pulse tube main driving compressor, 3.3 first-stage pulse tube hot end, 3.4 second-stage pulse tube hot end, 3.5 sealing flange, 3.6 first-stage pulse tube regenerator, 3.7 second-stage pulse tube high-temperature section regenerator, 3.8 intermediate heat exchanger, 3.9 second-stage pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device, 3.10 second-stage pulse tube cold head, 4.1 hot end copper component, 4.2 support tube, 4.3 cold end copper component, 4.4 sealing interface, 4.5 adsorption pipeline, 4.6 adsorption pump, 4.7 flexible cold chain;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a cooling structure of a coupled air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator and an implementation method thereof. The active cooling structure comprises a throttling compressor unit 1, a JT throttling unit 2, a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 and an air gap thermal switch unit 4. The method is characterized in that: the units are fastened and connected through screws. The throttling compressor unit 1 and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 respectively provide a driving source and precooling for the JT throttling unit 2, and the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is an active cooling device for the JT throttling unit 2. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to helium in the air gap thermal switch unit 4 changes along with the change of temperature in the cooling process of the JT throttling unit 2, so that the on-off is realized, the rapid cooling is realized, the cooling time is shortened, and the heat leakage is reduced. The throttle compressor unit 1.1 is driven by a direct current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and the low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir 1.2 and the high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir 1.3 are arranged at two ends of the compressor unit to play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow. JT throttle unit 2 includes low pressure line 2.1, high pressure line 2.2, vacuum chamber 2.3, first order countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, first order cold shield 2.5, second grade countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, second order cold shield 2.7, tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, filter 2.9, choke valve 2.10 and evaporimeter 2.11, first order countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, second grade countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6, tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 adopt two stainless steel pipe sleeve coaxial arrangement to make, weld in proper order or through three-way welded connection back terminal and choke valve 2.10, evaporimeter 2.11 through welded connection. The two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit 3 comprises an active phase modulation compressor 3.1, a pulse tube main driving compressor 3.2, a primary pulse tube hot end 3.3, a secondary pulse tube hot end 3.4, a sealing flange plate 3.5, a primary pulse tube heat regenerator 3.6, a secondary pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator 3.7, an intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, a secondary pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device 3.9 and a secondary pulse tube cold end 3.10. The active phase modulation technology is adopted, which is favorable for obtaining the best performance of pulse tubes and has the advantages of wide phase modulation range, low temperature, high efficiency and the like. The two-stage pulse tube cold finger unit adopts a coaxial structure, the primary pulse tube and the secondary pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, the intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 integrates two functions of a primary pulse tube cold head and a secondary pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced. The air gap thermal switch unit 4 comprises a hot end copper component 4.1, a supporting tube 4.2, a cold end copper component 4.3, a sealing interface 4.4, an adsorption pipeline 4.5, an adsorption pump 4.6 and a flexible cold chain 4.7. In the cooling process of the JT throttling unit 2, the air gap thermal switch is started and disconnected through the change of the adsorption capacity of the adsorption pump 4.6 on helium along with the temperature, so that the heat conduction connection and disconnection of the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11 are realized. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 reaches the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the thermal switch is turned off to increase the heat conduction resistance, reduce the heat leakage of the evaporator 2.11 and improve the refrigeration efficiency.
When in actual use, the active cooling structure of the coupling air gap thermal switch performs vacuumizing treatment, keeps the vacuum degree of the vacuum cavity to be more than 10 -4 Pa, is used for reducing the heat convection in a low-temperature system and quickens the cooling rate.
The working process of the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
The installation process comprises the following steps:
The throttling compressor unit 1.1, the low-pressure steady-pressure gas reservoir 1.2, the high-pressure steady-flow gas reservoir 1.3 and the JT throttling unit 2 are connected through a low-pressure pipeline 2.1 and a high-pressure pipeline 2.2, and relevant interfaces adopt a welding mode. The intermediate heat exchanger 3.8 and the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 are respectively in threaded connection with the primary cold screen 2.5 and the secondary cold screen 2.7. The primary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4, the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 and the tertiary countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 are manufactured by coaxially arranging two stainless steel tube sleeves, and the tail ends of the two stainless steel tube sleeves are sequentially welded or are connected with the throttle valve 1.10 and the cold end 1.12 of the JT refrigerator through three-way welding. The hot end copper component 4.1 of the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is in screw fastening connection with the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10, and the cold end copper component 4.3 and the adsorption pump 4.6 are in an integrated structure and are connected with the evaporator 2.11 through a flexible cold chain 4.7 for heat transmission.
And (3) vacuumizing:
After the installation in the installation mode, in order to reduce the convection heat exchange loss of the refrigerator, the whole system needs to be vacuumized after the installation of the refrigerating system, and the vacuum degree is kept above 10 -4 Pa. And then the pipeline of the refrigerator is vacuumized and replaced, and finally high-purity helium is filled, so that the cleanliness of the system is ensured.
And (3) a cooling process:
At the initial stage of cooling of the JT throttling unit 2, a micron-sized gap between a hot end copper component 4.1 and a cold end copper component 4.3 of the air gap thermal switch unit 4 is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an on state, and the cold energy of the second-stage pulse tube cold head 3.10 is transferred to the evaporator 2.11 through the air gap thermal switch unit 4, so that partial components of the throttling valve 2.10 and the evaporator 2.11 are cooled rapidly, and the cooling rate of the refrigerator is accelerated. When the temperature of the evaporator 2.11 is reduced to below the transition temperature of the thermal switch, the system performs throttling refrigeration, the adsorption pump 4.6 adsorbs helium between the micron-sized gaps between the hot-end copper component 4.1 and the cold-end copper component 4.3, the thermal switch is disconnected, and the thermal resistance between the secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10 and the evaporator 2.11 is increased, so that the heat dissipation capacity is reduced, and the temperature of a heat source is kept in a stable state.
Refrigeration cycle process:
When the evaporator 2.11 reaches a preset temperature, the throttle compressor unit 1 discharges high-temperature high-pressure gas, the gas flows through the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4 and is cooled by the reflux low-pressure working medium in the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4; then the high-pressure gas flows through the second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 after being precooled by the precooler intermediate heat exchanger 3.8, and is cooled by the reflux low-pressure working medium in the second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6; then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary cold head heat exchanger of the precooler and is further precooled by a secondary pulse tube cold head 3.10; the high-pressure gas flows through the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8 and is cooled by the reflux low-pressure working medium in the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8; then the high-pressure gas is throttled, depressurized and cooled through a throttle valve 2.10, so that a gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium is obtained; the gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium then enters an evaporator 2.11 to evaporate and absorb heat, and provides cold energy for the outside; the reflux low-pressure gas flowing out of the evaporator 2.11 flows through the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.8, the second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.6 and the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger 2.4 in sequence, and the high-pressure working medium in the countercurrent heat exchanger is cooled in sequence; the low-pressure gas then enters the throttle compressor unit 1 for multi-stage compression, high-pressure gas is obtained, and the next cycle is continued.
And (3) a temperature returning process:
The refrigeration system still has a lower temperature at the end of the system operation, and in order to protect the system components, the refrigeration system is subjected to a temperature returning operation. The active phase modulation compressor 3.1, the pulse tube main driving compressor 3.2 and the throttle compressor unit 1 are turned off, so that the system is shut down, and the vacuum cavity 2.3 is opened to detach related components after the temperature returns to normal temperature.
In summary, the cooling structure and the implementation method of the coupling air gap type thermal switch of the throttling refrigerator provided by the invention have the advantages of short cooling time, high compactness, small heat leakage, high refrigeration efficiency and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments, but rather, the foregoing embodiments and description illustrate the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a cooling structure of throttle refrigerator coupling air gap formula heat switch, includes throttle compressor unit (1), JT throttling unit (2), two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3), air gap heat switch unit (4), its characterized in that:
the throttling compressor unit (1), the JT throttling unit (2), the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) and the air gap thermal switch unit (4) are connected through screws in a fastening mode, the JT throttling unit (2) and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) are placed in a vacuum chamber, the throttling compressor unit (1) and the two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) respectively provide a driving source and precooling for the JT throttling unit (2), the air gap thermal switch unit (4) is an active cooling device of the JT throttling unit (2), the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the air gap thermal switch unit (4) to helium is changed along with the change of temperature in the cooling process of the JT throttling unit (2), and the conduction and the disconnection are realized, so that the rapid cooling is realized, the cooling time is shortened, and the heat leakage is reduced;
The JT throttling unit (2) comprises a low-pressure pipeline (2.1), a high-pressure pipeline (2.2), a vacuum cavity (2.3), a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4), a first-stage cold screen (2.5), a second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6), a second-stage cold screen (2.7), a third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8), a filter (2.9), a throttling valve (2.10) and an evaporator (2.11);
The two-stage pulse tube refrigerator unit (3) comprises an active phase modulation compressor (3.1), a pulse tube main driving compressor (3.2), a first-stage pulse tube hot end (3.3), a second-stage pulse tube hot end (3.4), a sealing flange plate (3.5), a first-stage pulse tube heat regenerator (3.6), a second-stage pulse tube high-temperature section heat regenerator (3.7), an intermediate heat exchanger (3.8), a second-stage pulse tube low-temperature Duan Huire device (3.9) and a second-stage pulse tube cold head (3.10); the main compressor adopts a one-driving-two driving compressor structure, an active phase modulation technology is adopted, the two-stage pulse tube cold finger unit adopts a coaxial structure, the first-stage pulse tube and the second-stage pulse tube are made into an integrated structure, the intermediate heat exchanger (3.8) integrates two functions of the first-stage pulse tube cold head and the second-stage pulse tube intermediate heat exchanger, and the intermediate contact thermal resistance is reduced;
The air gap thermal switch unit (4) comprises a hot end copper component (4.1), a supporting tube (4.2), a cold end copper component (4.3), a sealing interface (4.4), an adsorption pipeline (4.5), an adsorption pump (4.6) and a flexible cold chain (4.7);
The middle heat exchanger (3.8) and the second-stage pulse tube cold head (3.10) are respectively in threaded connection with the first-stage cold screen (2.5) and the second-stage cold screen (2.7), the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4), the second-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6) and the third-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8) are formed by coaxially arranging two stainless steel tube sleeves, the tail ends of the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger and the throttle valve (2.10) are sequentially welded or connected through a tee joint, the cold ends of the JT refrigerator are connected through a welding mode, a hot end copper component (4.1) of the air gap thermal switch unit (4) is in screw fastening connection with the second-stage pulse tube cold head (3.10), and heat transmission is carried out between the cold end copper component (4.3) and the adsorption pump (4.6) which are in an integrated structure and the evaporator (2.11) through a flexible cold chain (4.7).
2. The cooling structure of a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein: the throttling compressor unit (1) comprises a throttling compressor unit (1.1), a low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir (1.2) and a high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir (1.3), wherein the throttling compressor unit (1.1) is driven by a direct-current valve linear compressor unit or a scroll compressor, and the low-pressure steady-pressure air reservoir (1.2) and the high-pressure steady-flow air reservoir (1.3) are arranged at two ends of the compressor unit to play a role in stabilizing pressure waves and flow.
3. A method for realizing low temperature of a cooling structure based on a coupling air gap type thermal switch of a throttling refrigerator according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) vacuumizing: the cooling structure is subjected to vacuumizing operation, the vacuum degree is kept above 10 < -4 > Pa, then a pipeline of the refrigerator is subjected to vacuumizing replacement, and finally high-purity helium is filled, so that the cleanliness of the system is ensured;
2) And (3) a cooling process: in the initial cooling stage of the JT throttling unit (2), a micron-sized gap between a hot end copper component (4.1) and a cold end copper component (4.3) of the air gap thermal switch unit (4) is filled with helium, the air gap thermal switch is in an on state, cold of the secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10) is transmitted to the evaporator (2.11) through the air gap thermal switch unit (4), so that partial components of the throttling valve (2.10) and the evaporator (2.11) are quickly cooled, the cooling rate of the refrigerator is accelerated, when the temperature of the evaporator (2.11) is reduced below the transition temperature of the thermal switch, throttling refrigeration is carried out by the system, the adsorption pump (4.6) adsorbs helium between the micron-sized gap between the hot end copper component (4.1) and the cold end copper component (4.3), the thermal switch is disconnected, and thermal resistance between the secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10) and the evaporator (2.11) is increased, so that the heat dissipation is reduced, and the heat source temperature is kept in a stable state;
3) Refrigeration cycle process: when the evaporator (2.11) reaches a preset temperature, the throttle compressor unit (1) discharges high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the gas flows through the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4) and is cooled by the reflux low-pressure working medium in the first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4); then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6) after being precooled by a precooler intermediate heat exchanger (3.8), and is cooled by a reflux low-pressure working medium in the secondary countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6); then the high-pressure gas flows through a secondary cold head heat exchanger of the precooler and is further precooled by a secondary pulse tube cold head (3.10); the high-pressure gas flows through the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8), and is cooled by the reflux low-pressure working medium in the three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8); then the high-pressure gas is throttled, depressurized and cooled by a throttle valve (2.10), so that a gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium is obtained; the gas-liquid two-phase mixed working medium then enters an evaporator (2.11) for evaporation and heat absorption, and provides cold energy for the outside; the reflux low-pressure gas flowing out of the evaporator (2.11) flows through a three-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.8), a two-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.6) and a first-stage countercurrent heat exchanger (2.4) in sequence, and the high-pressure working medium in the countercurrent heat exchanger is cooled in sequence; then the low-pressure gas enters a throttling compressor unit (1) for multistage compression to obtain high-pressure gas, and the next cycle is continued;
4) And (3) a temperature returning process: firstly, closing an active phase modulation compressor (3.1), a pulse tube main driving compressor (3.2) and a throttling compressor unit (1) so as to realize system shutdown, and opening a vacuum cavity (2.3) to disassemble related parts after the temperature returns to normal temperature.
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