CN115227772B - 一种用于改善细颗粒物诱导肺损伤的中药组方 - Google Patents
一种用于改善细颗粒物诱导肺损伤的中药组方 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于改善细颗粒物诱导肺损伤的中药组方,属于天然药物领域。所述中药组方由蜜桑叶、麦冬、知母、北沙参和人参组成。本发明采用细颗粒物诱导小鼠亚急性肺损伤模型,通过测定肺湿干比,病理形态学观察,炎症因子的表达以及氧化应激水平等指标证实所述组方具有明显改善细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤,提示所述组方可用于防治细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物领域,具体涉及一种用于改善细颗粒物诱导肺损伤的中药组方。
背景技术
空气污染被列为全球第五大死亡风险。2019年,全球因空气污染死亡的人数达到667万人((1)Münzel T,Gori T,Al-Kindi S,et al.Effects of gaseous and solidconstituents of air pollution on endothelial function.European heart journal[J].2018;39(38):3543-3550.(2)GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators.Globalburden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories,1990-2019:asystematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J].Lancet.2020;396(10258):1223-1249.)。细颗粒物,又被称为PM2.5,是指在环境空气中空气动力学直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物。其粒径小,表面积相对大的特性使它具有很强的吸附性,吸附了有害物质后的PM2.5对机体危害也大大加强,其主要化学成分为元素碳、有机碳化合物、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐等((3)徐敬,丁国安,颜鹏,等.北京地区PM_(2.5)的成分特征及来源分析[J].应用气象学报,2007,(05):645-654.(4)Zhang Y,Lang J,Cheng S,etal.Chemical composition and sources of PM1 and PM2.5 in Beijing in autumn[J].The Science of the total environment.2018;630:72-82.(5)Niu Y,Chen R,Xia Y,etal.Fine particulate matter constituents and stress hormones in thehypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis[J].Environment international.2018;119:186-192.)。当细颗粒物到达肺部后,大部分会沉积在肺泡中((6)Kulkarni N,Pierse N,Rushton L,et al.Carbon in airway macrophages and lung function in children[J].The New England and Journal of Medicine,2006,355(1):21-30.),而这些沉积于肺泡的细颗粒物部分能够透过血气屏障,随血液循环作用到达全身,因此除呼吸系统外,细颗粒物与心、肝、脾、肾等肺外器官的病变也有明显相关性,近年来越来越多的研究发现,空气污染与心血管疾病、糖尿病、肿瘤、中风等多种疾病的发生均有关联((7)Li D,Li Y,LiG,et al.Fluorescent reconstitution on deposition of PM2.5 in lung andextrapulmonary organs[J].PNAS,2019,116(7):2488-2493.(8)Schraufnagel DE,BalmesJR,Cowl CT,et al.Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases:A Review by theForum of International Respiratory Societies'Environmental Committee,Part 2:Air Pollution and Organ Systems[J].Chest,2019,155(2):417-426.)。
针对环境污染所致呼吸系统损伤,目前较为有效的个人防护措施主要为使用空气净化器、口罩等过滤装置,尚无针对性的上市药品或保健品((9)Rajagopalan S,Brauer M,Bhatnagar A,et al.Personal-level protective actions against particulatematter air pollution exposure:a scientific statement from the American HeartAssociation[J].Circulation,2020,142(23):e411-e431.),而临床常用治疗药物为糖皮质激素类药,如地塞米松,但长期使用糖皮质激素类药物会带来较多不良反应((10)赵籥陶,黄慈波.糖皮质激素的合理使用[J].临床药物治疗杂志,2010,8(01):23-28.)。中药复方是指由两味或两味以上药材组成,针对相对确定的病证而设的方剂,因其具有多成分、多靶点的特点,在防治空气污染引起的肺损伤方面发挥着独特的优势。另因其毒副作用较小,能够改善患者顺从性等优势使其拥有可观的市场,也逐渐成为研究的热点。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一是提供一种中药组方及其制备方法。
所述中药组方包括蜜桑叶、麦冬、知母、北沙参、人参。
进一步地,该中药组方按质量份计包括:蜜桑叶12~14份、麦冬1~4份、知母7~11份、北沙参7~11份、人参2~6份。
该中药组方的制备方法是将中药饮片按照1:8体积加入纯水,煎两次,每次一小时,合并滤液,减压浓缩,即得。该浓缩液中加入药学上可接受的载体和/或赋形剂,采用传统制备工艺可制成临床可接受的任何剂型,如片剂、丸剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、冲剂、口服液等。
本发明的目的之二是提供了上述中药组方在制备细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤治疗药物中的用途。
所述亚急性肺损伤为非心源性的多种内外致病因素如吸入有害气体、严重感染、创伤、中毒、休克等导致的进行性、缺氧性呼吸功能不全或衰退,严重者引起急性呼吸窘迫综合征。
本发明实施例1-3采用细颗粒物诱导小鼠亚急性肺损伤模型,通过测定肺湿干比,病理形态学观察,炎症因子的表达以及氧化应激水平等指标证实复方MAG具有明显改善细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤,提示复方MAG可用于防治细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤。
本发明的目的之三是提供了上述中药组方在制备肺部疾病防治药物中的应用,所述肺部疾病包括肺气肿、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺动脉高压、肺纤维化。
肺气肿是指终末细支气管远端的气道弹性减退,过度膨胀、充气和肺容积增大或同时伴有气道壁破坏的病理状态;慢性阻塞性肺疾病是指与有害气体及有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关的,具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎和(或)肺气肿;肺动脉高压是指肺动脉压力升高超过一定界值的一种血流动力学和病理生理状态;肺纤维化是以成纤维细胞增殖及大量细胞外基质聚集并伴炎症损伤、组织结构破坏为特征的肺疾病终末期改变。
本发明实施例4通过小鼠体重及饮食饮水量,各脏器指数测定、各脏器组织形态观察及谷草转氨酶、肌酐含量测定证实高剂量组复方MAG(20g/kg)对雌雄小鼠无明显副作用,无肝肾毒性,具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的中药组方成分搭配合理,相互作用,具有改善肺损伤及抗炎的作用,并且不会产生任何毒副作用,易于推广,制作简单,操作方便,可用于工业化生产。
附图说明
图3为实施例2中复方MAG改善细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠血清中炎症因子表达的实验结果(n=6)。其中:##P<0.01,###P<0.001vs.空白组;*P<0.05,**P<0.01***P<0.001vs.模型组。
图6为实施例4中高剂量复方MAG对雌雄小鼠各器官组织形态的影响结果。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法及未说明配方的试剂均为按照本领域常规条件。
本发明实施例中药新组方MAG按蜜桑叶10份、麦冬1.3份、知母9.3份、北沙参9.3份、人参4份组成,饮片购自于南京上元堂医药有限公司,按1:8的体积比用水煎煮2次,每次1小时,合并两次滤液,减压浓缩。
实施例1
复方MAG对细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠肺病理损伤的改善作用
1、实验方法
a)肺组织湿重/干重比值的测定
雄性ICR小鼠共36只,适应性饲养3天后,随机分成6组:空白组、模型组、模型+低剂量复方MAG组(1.25g/kg)、模型+中剂量复方MAG组(5g/kg)、模型+高剂量复方MAG组(20g/kg)、模型+地塞米松组(Dex,1mg/kg)。模型组小鼠在第1,3,5,7,9,11,13天口咽吸入40μL(10mg/kg)PM混悬液造模,空白组口咽吸入相同体积PBS。口咽吸入具体操作方法为:将小鼠置于异氟烷麻醉箱中,待其失去翻正反射,并剧烈咳嗽时取出小鼠,左手捏紧鼠鼻,使其身体自然下垂。右手持移液枪,用枪头处下压并固定住舌头,随即从小鼠舌根处注入PM悬液,保持舌头固定,待小鼠猛烈呼吸5次后,将小鼠以仰卧位放回笼中,使其自然苏醒。各给药组小鼠在第1-14天每天灌胃给予相应药物,空白组及模型组小鼠灌胃相同体积生理盐水。奇数天的给药时间为PM吸入前1h。第15天处死小鼠,取下左肺,精准测定左肺重量,记为肺组织湿重,将肺组织置于60℃的烘箱中烘干48h至恒重记为肺组织干重。计算肺组织湿重/肺组织干重比值记为肺湿重/干重。
b)肺组织病理观察
取小鼠右肺上叶,经10%福尔马林固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片厚约4μm,HE染色,病理专业人员阅片并评分。评分标准:根据病变轻重程度评分,分别评为0.5分(轻微),1分(轻度),2分(中度),3分(重度),4分(极重度),无明显病变为0分。累加所有分数,计算出每组每只动物的均分
2、实验结果
a)复方MAG改善细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织形态和水肿
如图1中A所示,空白组肺色泽粉润,表面光滑且弹性较好,外观上无明显异常损伤,而模型组肺组织有黑色细颗粒物大量存在,色泽暗黑,由支气管向外扩散。不同剂量复方MAG(1.25,5,20g/kg)及地塞米松(1mg/kg)给药后,肺组织损伤有不同程度减轻,且具有剂量依赖性,高剂量组改善作用最显著。如图1中B所示,中高剂量复方MAG对细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠肺水肿均有显著的改善作用。
b)复方MAG改善细颗粒物诱导急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织病理结构损伤
如图2中A所示,空白组结构清晰,肺泡壁无充血,无炎细胞浸润,上皮细胞内杯状细胞未见增多,腔内无炎性渗出物。而模型组肺组织结构消失,呈实变状,肺泡腔内充有大量中性粒细胞为主的渗出物。肺组织支气管和血管周围可见轻微或轻度纤维组织增生,并有细颗粒物沉积于肺间质。给予不同剂量复方MAG(1.25,5,20g/kg)及地塞米松(1mg/kg)后,损伤均有显著减轻。由图2中B所示,肺组织病理评分结果可见不同剂量复方MAG(1.25,5,20g/kg)及地塞米松对模型下病理损伤均有显著抑制作用,且高剂量改善效果最佳。
实施例2
复方MAG对细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠肺部炎症的改善作用
1、实验方法
血清中炎症因子的检测
将实施例1的小鼠眼眶取血于1.5mL EP管中,室温静置30min,3500rpm离心10min,取上清,即为血清,于-70℃保存。按ELISA试剂盒检测血清炎症因子的表达。
2、实验结果
复方MAG降低细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠血清中炎症因子表达
如图3所示,与空白组相比,模型组肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平升高,不同剂量复方MAG(1.25,5,20g/kg)及地塞米松(1mg/kg)给药后均对上述炎症因子表达有抑制作用,且高剂量组(20g/kg)效果最为显著。
实施例3
复方MAG对细颗粒物诱导亚急性肺损伤小鼠氧化应激水平的改善作用
1、实验方法
小鼠肺组织中丙二醛含量检测
准确称取实施例1的小鼠肺组织的重量,按重量(g):体积(mL)=1:9的比例,加入9倍体积的生理盐水,机械匀浆,取匀浆待测,按丙二醛试剂盒说明书测定肺组织中丙二醛含量。
2、实验结果
复方MAG降低细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤小鼠肺组织中丙二醛含量
如图4所示,与空白组相比,模型组肺组织中丙二醛含量显著上升,高剂量复方MAG(20g/kg)及地塞米松(1mg/kg)给药后均对能降低肺组织中丙二醛含量。
实施例4
复方MAG安全性评价
1、实验方法
a)小鼠体重及饮水饮食量的变化
SPF级ICR小鼠40只,雌雄各半,适应性饲养3天后,随机分为四组,雄性空白组,雄性给药组,雌性空白组,雌性给药组,每组10只。给药组连续14天给予高剂量复方MAG(20g/kg),空白组给予相应体积的生理盐水,灌胃结束后,正常饲养小鼠,观察并记录14天内小鼠的死亡、生长活动情况,记录小鼠的体重、摄食、饮水的情况。
b)器官脏器指数测定
各组小鼠摘眼球取血后将其处死并解剖,取其心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑,使用电子天平称重并记录,计算相关脏器指数。
c)器官组织形态变化
各组小鼠摘眼球取血后将其处死并解剖,取其心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑进行拍照。
d)肝肾损伤测定
将分离得到的血清使用试剂盒检测谷草转氨酶、肌酐等指标,具体操作步骤参照相关试剂盒说明书进行。
2、实验结果
a)高剂量复方MAG对小鼠体重及饮水饮食量无明显影响
体重增长是评价小鼠生长情况的重要指标之一。结果如图5中A所示,复方MAG组的小鼠14天内体重增长趋势与空白组相同,雌雄两组小鼠均正常生长。统计学结果表明,给药组与空白组小鼠体重增长无显著性差异。如图5中B、C所示,14天内,给药组小鼠饮水饮食量和给药组相比无显著变化,结果表明高剂量复方MAG对小鼠体重增长和饮水饮食量均无明显影响。
b)高剂量复方MAG对小鼠各器官组织形态无明显影响
实验结束后,对动物进行处死,肉眼观察,如图6所示,并未见心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑等主要脏器在形态学上出现明显的差异。
c)高剂量复方MAG对小鼠各器官脏器指数无明显影响
将心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑等主要脏器进行称重后计算脏器指数,结果如图7所示,高剂量复方MAG给药组的主要脏器指数与空白组相比,均没有显著变化。实验结果表明,高剂量复方MAG对小鼠主要脏器指数没有显著影响,可以初步认为复方MAG对小鼠主要脏器没有明显的靶向毒性。
d)高剂量复方MAG对小鼠肝肾损伤无明显影响
测定血清中谷草转氨酶和肌酐,如图8所示,结果表明雌雄小鼠给药组和空白组血清中的谷草转氨酶和肌酐含量无明显变化,表明高剂量复方MAG对雌雄小鼠均无明显肝肾毒性。
Claims (2)
1.中药组合物在制备细颗粒物诱导的亚急性肺损伤防治药物中的应用,
所述中药组合物以质量份计由蜜桑叶10份、麦冬1.3份、知母9.3份、北沙参9.3份、人参4份制成,制备方法是取蜜桑叶、麦冬、知母、北沙参和人参混合,按照体积比1:8加入纯水,煎两次,每次一小时,合并滤液,减压浓缩后得到。
2.一种亚急性肺损伤防治药物,其特征在于:其活性成分为中药组合物,所述中药组合物以质量份计由蜜桑叶10份、麦冬1.3份、知母9.3份、北沙参9.3份、人参4份制成,制备方法是取蜜桑叶、麦冬、知母、北沙参和人参混合,按照体积比1:8加入纯水,煎两次,每次一小时,合并滤液,减压浓缩后得到;
所述亚急性肺损伤由细颗粒物诱导产生。
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