CN115218530B - CCHP system based on PEMFC and capable of independently controlling refrigeration and dehumidification - Google Patents
CCHP system based on PEMFC and capable of independently controlling refrigeration and dehumidification Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
- F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
- F25B15/06—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being water vapour evaporated from a salt solution, e.g. lithium bromide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
- F24F3/1423—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with a moving bed of solid desiccants, e.g. a rotary wheel supporting solid desiccants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/02—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04171—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal using adsorbents, wicks or hydrophilic material
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- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
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Abstract
本发明属于冷热电联动供给领域，并公开了一种基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统，包括有PEMFC电堆、制冷系统、除湿系统和热量储存系统；PEMFC电堆用于提供热源；热量储存系统的水源经热源换热后产生热水，该热水全部输送至制冷系统中，且换热后返回热量储存系统中以形成热水循环回路；或者该热水按预设比例输送至制冷系统和除湿系统换热中，且换热后混合返回热量储存系统中以形成热水循环回路；除湿系统用于对待处理空气进行除湿；制冷系统利用输入的热水提供热量实现制冷以产生冷冻水，该冷冻水用于对待处理空气进行降温，随后返回至制冷系统中以形成冷冻水回路。本发明基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统能够同时对温度和湿度进行独立控制，使用方便。
The present invention belongs to the field of cold, heat and electricity linkage supply, and discloses a PEMFC-based CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification, including a PEMFC stack, a refrigeration system, a dehumidification system and a heat storage system; the PEMFC stack is used to provide a heat source; the water source of the heat storage system generates hot water after heat exchange with the heat source, and the hot water is all delivered to the refrigeration system, and returns to the heat storage system after heat exchange to form a hot water circulation loop; or the hot water is delivered to the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system for heat exchange according to a preset ratio, and mixed and returned to the heat storage system after heat exchange to form a hot water circulation loop; the dehumidification system is used to dehumidify the air to be treated; the refrigeration system uses the input hot water to provide heat to achieve refrigeration to generate chilled water, and the chilled water is used to cool the air to be treated, and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop. The PEMFC-based CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification of the present invention can independently control temperature and humidity at the same time, and is easy to use.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于冷热电联动供给领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统。The present invention belongs to the field of cold, heat and electricity linkage supply, and more specifically, relates to a PEMFC-based CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification.
背景技术Background Art
氢燃料电池供能系统不仅可为用户提供电能，还可对废热进行回收利用，用于供热或驱动吸收式制冷机，系统总体能源利用效率可达85％以上。在特殊情况下，燃料电池供能系统可完全脱离电网独立运行，满足建筑的冷、热、电需求，质子交换膜燃料电池系统具有功率密度高，启动快，工作温度适中等优势，尤其适用于医院等对电力依赖程度高的建筑；中国专利202122619455.X和202122019824.1均公开了一种基于质子交换膜燃料电池的冷热电联供系统，两个系统均仅能满足建筑的冷、热、电需求，但是例如数据中心这样对室内湿度要求较高的场所，该系统不能满足其对湿度控制的要求，影响数据中心的使用寿命。The hydrogen fuel cell energy supply system can not only provide electricity to users, but also recycle waste heat for heating or driving absorption chillers. The overall energy utilization efficiency of the system can reach more than 85%. Under special circumstances, the fuel cell energy supply system can be completely disconnected from the power grid and operate independently to meet the cooling, heating and electricity needs of the building. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell system has the advantages of high power density, fast start-up, and moderate operating temperature. It is especially suitable for buildings with high dependence on electricity such as hospitals; Chinese patents 202122619455.X and 202122019824.1 both disclose a combined heat and power supply system based on proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Both systems can only meet the cooling, heating and electricity needs of the building, but for places such as data centers that have high requirements for indoor humidity, the system cannot meet its requirements for humidity control, affecting the service life of the data center.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于PEMFC(质子交换膜燃料电池简称)的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP(冷热电联供简称)系统，旨在解决现有的冷热电联系统无法对湿度进行控制的问题。In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a CCHP (combined cooling, heating and power) system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification based on PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell), aiming to solve the problem that the existing CCHP system cannot control humidity.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了提供一种基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统，包括有PEMFC电堆、热量储存系统、制冷系统、除湿系统；To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a PEMFC-based CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification, including a PEMFC stack, a heat storage system, a refrigeration system, and a dehumidification system;
所述PEMFC电堆用于提供热源；The PEMFC stack is used to provide a heat source;
所述热量储存系统的水源经所述热源换热后产生热水，该热水全部输送至所述制冷系统中，且换热后返回所述热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；或者该热水按预设比例输送至所述制冷系统和所述除湿系统中，且换热后混合返回所述热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；The water source of the heat storage system generates hot water after heat exchange with the heat source, and the hot water is all delivered to the refrigeration system, and after heat exchange, returns to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit; or the hot water is delivered to the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system according to a preset ratio, and after heat exchange, the hot water is mixed and returned to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit;
所述热量储存系统用于储存放热产生的热能；The heat storage system is used to store the heat energy generated by heat release;
所述除湿系统用于对待处理空气进行除湿，并通过输入的热水实现所述除湿系统中除湿剂的再生；The dehumidification system is used to dehumidify the air to be treated, and the dehumidifier in the dehumidification system is regenerated by inputting hot water;
所述制冷系统利用输入的热水提供热量实现制冷以产生冷冻水，该冷冻水用于对待处理空气进行降温，随后返回至所述制冷系统中以形成冷冻水回路。The refrigeration system uses input hot water to provide heat to achieve refrigeration to generate chilled water, which is used to cool down the air to be processed and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop.
更进一步地，所述除湿系统包括除湿区和再生区，待处理空气经所述除湿区除湿后经第二换热器冷却后进入室内环境形成低温空气，所述低温空气经第三换热器加热后形成再生空气进入再生区促进除湿剂再生；所述冷冻水输送至所述第二换热器中与待处理空气换热后回到所述制冷系统形成冷冻水回路；所述热水输送至所述第三换热器中与所述低温空气换热后回到所述热量储存系统中放热并以形成循环水路。Furthermore, the dehumidification system includes a dehumidification zone and a regeneration zone. The air to be treated is dehumidified in the dehumidification zone and then cooled by the second heat exchanger and enters the indoor environment to form low-temperature air. The low-temperature air is heated by the third heat exchanger to form regenerated air and enters the regeneration zone to promote the regeneration of the dehumidifier; the chilled water is transported to the second heat exchanger to exchange heat with the air to be treated and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop; the hot water is transported to the third heat exchanger to exchange heat with the low-temperature air and then returns to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit.
更进一步地，所述CCHP系统还包括有第四换热器，所述冷冻水还输送至所述第四换热器中与待处理空气进行换热后回到所述制冷系统形成冷冻水回路，待处理空气经所述第四换热器冷却后进入室内环境形成低温空气。Furthermore, the CCHP system also includes a fourth heat exchanger. The chilled water is also transported to the fourth heat exchanger to exchange heat with the air to be treated and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop. The air to be treated is cooled by the fourth heat exchanger and enters the indoor environment to form low-temperature air.
更进一步地，所述制冷系统包括两个吸附床、冷凝器、蒸发器、水泵和泵体；所述两个吸附床的两端均通过电磁阀和所述冷凝器和所述蒸发器相连并切换工作状态，所述第二换热器中与待处理空气换热后的冷冻水回到所述蒸发器中；所述水泵与所述冷凝器和蒸发器相连，用于将冷凝器中的冷凝剂输送到蒸发器中；工作时，所述热水进入其中一个吸附床促进吸附剂解吸出冷凝剂，该冷凝剂进入所述冷凝器中冷凝放热，所述泵体为另一个吸附床提供冷却水，该冷却水使吸附床中的吸附剂产生吸附作用，使所述蒸发器内的冷凝剂蒸发吸热，进而使回到所述蒸发器中的冷冻水降温；两个吸附床的工作状态交替切换实现循环制冷。Furthermore, the refrigeration system includes two adsorption beds, a condenser, an evaporator, a water pump and a pump body; both ends of the two adsorption beds are connected to the condenser and the evaporator through solenoid valves and switch the working state, and the chilled water in the second heat exchanger after heat exchange with the air to be treated returns to the evaporator; the water pump is connected to the condenser and the evaporator, and is used to transport the condensing agent in the condenser to the evaporator; when working, the hot water enters one of the adsorption beds to promote the adsorbent to desorb the condensing agent, and the condensing agent enters the condenser to condense and release heat, and the pump body provides cooling water for the other adsorption bed, and the cooling water causes the adsorbent in the adsorption bed to produce an adsorption effect, so that the condensing agent in the evaporator evaporates and absorbs heat, thereby cooling the chilled water returned to the evaporator; the working states of the two adsorption beds are switched alternately to realize cyclic refrigeration.
更进一步地，所述两个吸附床工作状态的切换时间在20s-40s之间；所述两个吸附床工作状态循环一次的时间在400s-440s之间。Furthermore, the switching time between the working states of the two adsorption beds is between 20s and 40s; and the cycle time of the working states of the two adsorption beds is between 400s and 440s.
更进一步地，所述预设比例为1:3-1:1。Furthermore, the preset ratio is 1:3-1:1.
更进一步地，所述除湿区的面积和所述再生区的面积相等。Furthermore, the area of the dehumidification zone is equal to the area of the regeneration zone.
更进一步地，所述PEMFC电堆上设有氢气压缩泵；所述热水温度在70℃-80℃之间。Furthermore, the PEMFC stack is provided with a hydrogen compression pump; the temperature of the hot water is between 70°C and 80°C.
更进一步地，所述PEMFC电堆采用水冷电堆，所述水冷电堆的温度在75℃-85℃之间。Furthermore, the PEMFC stack is a water-cooled stack, and the temperature of the water-cooled stack is between 75°C and 85°C.
更进一步地，所述热量储存系统采用蓄热罐，所述蓄热罐采用相变温度为40℃-50℃的相变材料制成。Furthermore, the heat storage system adopts a heat storage tank, and the heat storage tank is made of a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 40°C-50°C.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：In general, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1.本发明提供的基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统，通过热量储存系统中的水源和PEMFC电堆进行换热产生热水，对PEMFC电堆产生的余热进行充分利用，同时，将热水按预设比例输入制冷系统和除湿系统，可以对待处理空气进行除湿后再进行降温，解决了数据中心等场所对温度和湿度同时控制的需求。1. The CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification based on PEMFC provided by the present invention generates hot water through heat exchange between the water source in the heat storage system and the PEMFC stack, thereby making full use of the waste heat generated by the PEMFC stack. At the same time, the hot water is input into the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system according to a preset ratio, so that the treated air can be dehumidified and then cooled, thus solving the demand for simultaneous control of temperature and humidity in places such as data centers.
2.此外，热量储存系统、制冷系统、除湿系统之间形成了循环水路，实现了系统之间水的循环利用，无需外接水源，提高了系统整体的稳定性，节约了水资源；2. In addition, a circulating water circuit is formed between the heat storage system, the refrigeration system, and the dehumidification system, which realizes the recycling of water between the systems without the need for an external water source, improves the overall stability of the system, and saves water resources;
3.另外，制冷系统中的冷冻水在通过第二换热器、第四换热器和待处理空气进行换热后又回到制冷系统中，实现了冷冻水的循环使用，降低能耗；3. In addition, the chilled water in the refrigeration system returns to the refrigeration system after heat exchange with the air to be treated through the second heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, and the air to be treated, thus realizing the recycling of chilled water and reducing energy consumption;
4.并且，在PEMFC电堆上设有氢气压缩泵，可用来回收电堆尾气中的氢气重新进入电堆中发生反应，既提高了电堆的反应效率，又提高了氢气的利用率。4. In addition, a hydrogen compression pump is provided on the PEMFC stack, which can be used to recover the hydrogen in the tail gas of the stack and re-enter the stack for reaction, thereby improving the reaction efficiency of the stack and the utilization rate of hydrogen.
5.而且，热量储存系统可以将换热后的热水中的热能进行储存或者利用热能产生热负荷对待处理空气进行升温，可以对待处理空气进行除湿、升温或者降温，调节方式多样，可满足不同环境的温度、湿度要求。5. Moreover, the heat storage system can store the heat energy in the hot water after heat exchange or use the heat energy to generate heat load to heat the air to be treated. It can dehumidify, heat up or cool down the air to be treated. The adjustment methods are diverse and can meet the temperature and humidity requirements of different environments.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明提供的基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统的结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification based on PEMFC provided by the present invention.
附图中各数字标记对应的结构为：11-第一三通阀，101-第一换热器，102-第二换热器，103-第三换热器，104-第四换热器，12-氢气压缩泵，21-第一吸附床，22第二吸附床，23-冷凝器，24-蒸发器，25水泵，26-电磁阀，27-泵体，28-第二三通阀，41-旋转轮。The structures corresponding to the digital marks in the accompanying drawings are: 11-first three-way valve, 101-first heat exchanger, 102-second heat exchanger, 103-third heat exchanger, 104-fourth heat exchanger, 12-hydrogen compression pump, 21-first adsorption bed, 22 second adsorption bed, 23-condenser, 24-evaporator, 25 water pump, 26-solenoid valve, 27-pump body, 28-second three-way valve, 41-rotating wheel.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
参阅图1，本发明提供了提供一种基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统，主要通过对室内环境的空气(后续称为待处理空气)进行湿度和温度控制，其包括有：PEMFC电堆、制冷系统、除湿系统和热量储存系统；其中，PEMFC电堆用于提供热源；热量储存系统的水源经热源换热后产生热水，该热水全部输送至制冷系统中，且换热后返回所述热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；或者该热水按预设比例输送至所述制冷系统和所述除湿系统中，且换热后混合返回所述热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；热量储存系统用于储存放热产生的热能，当室内环境需要升温时，利用所述热能产生热负荷用来提高待处理空气的温度；除湿系统用于对待处理空气进行除湿，并通过输入的热水实现除湿系统中除湿剂的再生；制冷系统利用输入的热水提供热量实现制冷以产生冷冻水，该冷冻水用于对待处理空气进行降温，随后返回至制冷系统中以形成冷冻水回路，以下对各系统进行详细说明。Referring to FIG. 1 , the present invention provides a PEMFC-based CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification, which mainly controls the humidity and temperature of the air in the indoor environment (hereinafter referred to as the air to be treated), and includes: a PEMFC stack, a refrigeration system, a dehumidification system and a heat storage system; wherein the PEMFC stack is used to provide a heat source; the water source of the heat storage system generates hot water after heat exchange with the heat source, and the hot water is all delivered to the refrigeration system, and after heat exchange, it returns to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit; or the hot water is delivered to the refrigeration system and the heat storage system according to a preset ratio. In the dehumidification system, the mixture after heat exchange returns to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit; the heat storage system is used to store the heat energy generated by heat release. When the indoor environment needs to be heated up, the heat energy is used to generate a heat load to increase the temperature of the air to be treated; the dehumidification system is used to dehumidify the air to be treated, and regenerate the dehumidifier in the dehumidification system through the input hot water; the refrigeration system uses the input hot water to provide heat to achieve refrigeration to produce chilled water, which is used to cool the air to be treated and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop. The following is a detailed description of each system.
当系统不需要除湿时，制冷系统可以单独工作，此时制冷系统产生的冷冻水还输送至所述第四换热器104中与待处理空气进行换热后回到制冷系统形成冷冻水回路，待处理空气经所述第四换热器104冷却后进入室内环境形成低温空气。When the system does not need dehumidification, the refrigeration system can work alone. At this time, the chilled water generated by the refrigeration system is also transported to the fourth heat exchanger 104 to exchange heat with the air to be treated and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop. The air to be treated is cooled by the fourth heat exchanger 104 and enters the indoor environment to form low-temperature air.
热水由热量储存系统中的水源通过第一换热器101和PEMFC电堆进行换热产生，当不进行除湿时，除湿系统不工作，热水全部输入制冷系统，此时，热水经制冷系统换热后进入热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；当进行除湿时，可调节热水的预设比例来调整制冷系统和除湿系统的工作状态，预设比例为1:3-1:1，优选的，热水按预设比例1:1.5输入制冷系统和除湿系统。Hot water is generated by heat exchange between the water source in the heat storage system and the first heat exchanger 101 and the PEMFC stack. When dehumidification is not performed, the dehumidification system does not work, and all the hot water is input into the refrigeration system. At this time, the hot water enters the heat storage system after heat exchange in the refrigeration system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit; when dehumidification is performed, the preset ratio of hot water can be adjusted to adjust the working state of the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system. The preset ratio is 1:3-1:1. Preferably, the hot water is input into the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system at a preset ratio of 1:1.5.
具体的，除湿系统设有除湿区和再生区；待处理空气经除湿区除湿后经第二换热器102冷却后进入室内环境形成低温空气，低温空气经第三换热器103加热后进入除湿剂再生区促进除湿剂再生，此时，冷冻水输送至第二换热器102中与待处理空气换热后回到制冷系统形成冷冻水回路；热水输送至第三换热器103中与低温空气换热后回到热量储存系统中放热并形成循环水路；具体的，在本实施例中，除湿系统采用干燥剂转轮除湿系统，即除湿系统中的除湿剂为干燥剂，干燥剂转轮除湿系统中的转轮为旋转轮41，由于不同的使用场所对湿度的要求不同，调节旋转轮41的旋转速度即可调整除湿标准；同时，在旋转轮41上设有多微通道，并在通道壁上粘附了干燥剂颗粒；旋转轮41分为除湿区和再生区，除湿区用于将待处理空气干燥，再生区用于干燥剂的再生，在本实施例中，优选的，转轮除湿区和再生区的面积相等；待处理空气经除湿区除湿后经第二换热器102冷却后进入室内环境形成低温空气，低温空气经第三换热器103加热后形成再生空气进入再生区促进干燥剂再生，实现干燥剂的循环利用。Specifically, the dehumidification system is provided with a dehumidification zone and a regeneration zone; after the air to be treated is dehumidified in the dehumidification zone, it is cooled by the second heat exchanger 102 and then enters the indoor environment to form low-temperature air; the low-temperature air is heated by the third heat exchanger 103 and then enters the dehumidifier regeneration zone to promote the regeneration of the dehumidifier. At this time, the chilled water is transported to the second heat exchanger 102 to exchange heat with the air to be treated and then returns to the refrigeration system to form a chilled water loop; the hot water is transported to the third heat exchanger 103 to exchange heat with the low-temperature air and then returns to the heat storage system to release heat and form a circulating water circuit; specifically, in this embodiment, the dehumidification system adopts a desiccant rotor dehumidification system, that is, the dehumidifier in the dehumidification system is a desiccant, and the rotor in the desiccant rotor dehumidification system is a rotary The rotating wheel 41 has different requirements on humidity in different places of use, and the dehumidification standard can be adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating wheel 41; at the same time, a plurality of microchannels are provided on the rotating wheel 41, and desiccant particles are adhered to the channel walls; the rotating wheel 41 is divided into a dehumidification zone and a regeneration zone, the dehumidification zone is used to dry the air to be treated, and the regeneration zone is used to regenerate the desiccant. In this embodiment, preferably, the areas of the dehumidification zone and the regeneration zone of the rotating wheel are equal; the air to be treated is dehumidified in the dehumidification zone, cooled by the second heat exchanger 102, and then enters the indoor environment to form low-temperature air, and the low-temperature air is heated by the third heat exchanger 103 to form regenerated air, which enters the regeneration zone to promote the regeneration of the desiccant, thereby realizing the recycling of the desiccant.
为了实现制冷系统的循环制冷，制冷系统采用双床吸附式制冷系统，双床吸附式制冷系统包括第一吸附床21、第二吸附床22、冷凝器23、蒸发器24和水泵25，第一吸附床21和第二吸附床22两端均通过电磁阀26和冷凝器23和蒸发器24相连，水泵25与冷凝器23和蒸发器24相连，用于将冷凝器23中的冷凝剂输送到蒸发器24中，在第二换热器102中与待处理空气换热后的冷冻水回到蒸发器24中。热水进入第一吸附床21提供热量，促进第一吸附床21内的吸附剂解吸出冷凝剂，冷凝剂在冷凝器23中冷凝放热，此过程为解吸-冷凝，热水损失部分热量后回流到能量储存系统中放热形成循环水路。泵体27和外部水源相连用于提供冷却水，冷却水一部分进入冷凝器23中吸热后排出，冷却水另一部分输入第二吸附床22内用于提供冷源，第二吸附床22内的吸附剂在冷源的作用下产生吸附作用，使第二吸附床22和蒸发器24之间形成压差，进而使蒸发器24内的冷凝剂蒸发吸热，冷凝剂蒸发进入第二吸附床中，并被吸附剂吸附，此过程为蒸发-制冷，进而使回到蒸发器24中的冷冻水降温，冷却水损失部分冷源回流回泵体27。综上可知，热水只进入处在解吸-冷凝的工作状态的吸附床，冷却水只进入处在蒸发-制冷工作状态的吸附床，第一吸附床21和第二吸附床22工作状态交替切换实现循环制冷；经第二换热器102和第四换热器104换热后的冷冻水回流到蒸发器24中，降温后的冷冻水又经第二三通阀28输送给第二换热器102和第四换热器104形成冷冻水回路。In order to realize the circulating refrigeration of the refrigeration system, the refrigeration system adopts a double-bed adsorption refrigeration system, which includes a first adsorption bed 21, a second adsorption bed 22, a condenser 23, an evaporator 24 and a water pump 25. Both ends of the first adsorption bed 21 and the second adsorption bed 22 are connected to the condenser 23 and the evaporator 24 through a solenoid valve 26. The water pump 25 is connected to the condenser 23 and the evaporator 24 to transport the condensing agent in the condenser 23 to the evaporator 24. The chilled water after heat exchange with the air to be treated in the second heat exchanger 102 returns to the evaporator 24. The hot water enters the first adsorption bed 21 to provide heat, promotes the adsorbent in the first adsorption bed 21 to desorb the condensing agent, and the condensing agent condenses and releases heat in the condenser 23. This process is desorption-condensation. After losing part of the heat, the hot water flows back to the energy storage system to release heat to form a circulating water circuit. The pump body 27 is connected to an external water source for providing cooling water. Part of the cooling water enters the condenser 23 to absorb heat and is then discharged, and the other part of the cooling water is input into the second adsorption bed 22 to provide a cold source. The adsorbent in the second adsorption bed 22 produces an adsorption effect under the action of the cold source, so that a pressure difference is formed between the second adsorption bed 22 and the evaporator 24, thereby causing the condensing agent in the evaporator 24 to evaporate and absorb heat. The condensing agent evaporates and enters the second adsorption bed and is adsorbed by the adsorbent. This process is evaporation-refrigeration, thereby cooling the chilled water returned to the evaporator 24, and part of the cooling water that loses the cold source flows back to the pump body 27. In summary, hot water only enters the adsorption bed in the desorption-condensation working state, cooling water only enters the adsorption bed in the evaporation-refrigeration working state, and the working states of the first adsorption bed 21 and the second adsorption bed 22 are switched alternately to realize circulating refrigeration; the chilled water after heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 102 and the fourth heat exchanger 104 flows back to the evaporator 24, and the cooled chilled water is transported to the second heat exchanger 102 and the fourth heat exchanger 104 through the second three-way valve 28 to form a chilled water circuit.
具体的，第一吸附床21和第二吸附床22工作状态通过电磁阀26进行切换；切换时间在20s-40s之间，优选的，切换时间为30s；第一吸附床21和第二吸附床22工作状态循环切换，即第一吸附床21处于解吸-冷凝工作状态时，第二吸附床22处于蒸发-制冷工作状态，反之，第一吸附床21处于蒸发-制冷工作状态时，第二吸附床22处于解吸-冷凝工作状态，如此为一次制冷循环，第一吸附床21和第二吸附床22工作状态循环一次的时间在400s-440s之间，优选的，为420s。Specifically, the working states of the first adsorption bed 21 and the second adsorption bed 22 are switched by the solenoid valve 26; the switching time is between 20s-40s, preferably, the switching time is 30s; the working states of the first adsorption bed 21 and the second adsorption bed 22 are switched cyclically, that is, when the first adsorption bed 21 is in the desorption-condensation working state, the second adsorption bed 22 is in the evaporation-refrigeration working state, conversely, when the first adsorption bed 21 is in the evaporation-refrigeration working state, the second adsorption bed 22 is in the desorption-condensation working state, so as to form a refrigeration cycle, and the working state cycle time of the first adsorption bed 21 and the second adsorption bed 22 is between 400s-440s, preferably, 420s.
PEMFC电堆通过电化学反应产生电能和热能，氢气和空气进入PEMFC电堆前需先预热至电堆温度，为了使电堆里的氢气和空气充分反应，电堆里通入的氢气一般过量，没反应完的氢气作为尾气在电堆中，为了提高氢气利用率，在PEMFC电堆上设有用于回收尾气中氢气的氢气压缩泵，具体的，氢气压缩泵和电堆的阳极相连；PEMFC电堆产生的电能通过DC/DC转换器向外输出电功率，用于满足用电负荷；本实施例中，PEMFC电堆采用水冷电堆，水冷电堆通过电堆内部的冷却水带走电堆的余热为整个系统提供热量，同时通过控制电堆内部的冷却水流量来控制电堆温度恒定，即热能通过电堆内部的冷却水带走进入第一换热器101和热量储存系统的水源进行换热产生热水。The PEMFC stack generates electricity and heat through electrochemical reactions. Hydrogen and air need to be preheated to the stack temperature before entering the PEMFC stack. In order to make the hydrogen and air in the stack react fully, the hydrogen introduced into the stack is generally excessive, and the unreacted hydrogen is used as tail gas in the stack. In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, a hydrogen compression pump for recovering hydrogen in the tail gas is provided on the PEMFC stack. Specifically, the hydrogen compression pump is connected to the anode of the stack; the electricity generated by the PEMFC stack is output to the outside through a DC/DC converter to meet the power load; in this embodiment, the PEMFC stack adopts a water-cooled stack, and the water-cooled stack takes away the waste heat of the stack through the cooling water inside the stack to provide heat for the entire system. At the same time, the temperature of the stack is controlled to be constant by controlling the cooling water flow inside the stack, that is, the heat energy is taken away by the cooling water inside the stack to enter the first heat exchanger 101 and the water source of the heat storage system for heat exchange to generate hot water.
在本实施例中，优选的，水冷电堆温度控制在75℃-85℃，水冷电堆内部的冷却水温度控制为比PEMFC电堆工作温度低3K，水冷电堆内部的冷却水的温升低于10K；由于热水是由水冷电堆内部的冷却水换热得到，所以通过电堆内部的冷却水流量即可控制进入制冷系统和除湿系统的热水温度，保证后续系统具有稳定的热源温度。在本实施例中，优选的，热水温度控制在70℃-80℃，热水经除湿系统换热后输出的温度为62℃-65℃，热水经制冷系统换热后输出的温度为35℃-52℃，热水经除湿系统和制冷系统换热后混合的温度为51℃-58℃；热量储存系统采用蓄热罐，在相变蓄热放热后的热水温度范围取决于蓄热罐选用的相变材料温度，在本实施例中，优选的，蓄热罐采用相变温度为40℃-50℃的相变材料制成，即放热后热水的温度为40℃-50℃；制冷系统输出的冷冻水温度为10℃，回到制冷系统的冷冻水温度为14℃。In this embodiment, preferably, the temperature of the water-cooled fuel cell is controlled at 75°C-85°C, the temperature of the cooling water inside the water-cooled fuel cell is controlled to be 3K lower than the operating temperature of the PEMFC fuel cell, and the temperature rise of the cooling water inside the water-cooled fuel cell is lower than 10K; since the hot water is obtained by heat exchange with the cooling water inside the water-cooled fuel cell, the temperature of the hot water entering the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system can be controlled by the cooling water flow inside the fuel cell, thereby ensuring that the subsequent system has a stable heat source temperature. In this embodiment, preferably, the hot water temperature is controlled at 70°C-80°C, the output temperature of the hot water after heat exchange with the dehumidification system is 62°C-65°C, the output temperature of the hot water after heat exchange with the refrigeration system is 35°C-52°C, and the mixed temperature of the hot water after heat exchange with the dehumidification system and the refrigeration system is 51°C-58°C; the heat storage system adopts a heat storage tank, and the temperature range of the hot water after phase change heat storage and heat release depends on the temperature of the phase change material selected for the heat storage tank. In this embodiment, preferably, the heat storage tank is made of a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 40°C-50°C, that is, the temperature of the hot water after heat release is 40°C-50°C; the temperature of the chilled water output by the refrigeration system is 10°C, and the temperature of the chilled water returning to the refrigeration system is 14°C.
在使用本发明基于基于PEMFC的制冷除湿独立控制的CCHP系统，当系统除湿时，热量储存系统中的水源经过和PEMFC电堆换热后产生的热水按预设比例1:1.5输入制冷系统和除湿系统，除湿系统吸收待处理空气中的潜热(潜热，相变潜热的简称，指物质在等温等压情况下，从一个相变化到另一个相吸收或放出的热量。这是物体在固、液、气三相之间以及不同的固相之间相互转变时具有的特点之一)进行除湿后，制冷系统产生的冷冻水吸收待处理空气中的显热(物体在加热或冷却过程中，温度升高或降低而不改变其原有相态所需吸收或放出的热量，称为“显热”)，热水经除湿系统和制冷系统换热后混合进入热量储存系统进行放热后形成循环水路；当系统不除湿时，热水全部进入制冷系统实现制冷，制冷系统对待处理空气进行冷却降温，热水经制冷系统换进入热量储存系统进行放热形成循环水路。In the CCHP system with independent control of refrigeration and dehumidification based on PEMFC of the present invention, when the system is dehumidifying, the water source in the heat storage system is heated by the PEMFC stack to generate hot water, which is input into the refrigeration system and the dehumidification system at a preset ratio of 1:1.5. The dehumidification system absorbs the latent heat (latent heat, short for latent heat of phase change, refers to the heat absorbed or released when a substance changes from one phase to another under isothermal and isobaric conditions. This is one of the characteristics of an object when it changes between solid, liquid and gas phases and between different solid phases) in the air to be treated for dehumidification. The chilled water generated by the refrigeration system absorbs the sensible heat (the heat required to absorb or release when the temperature of an object increases or decreases during heating or cooling without changing its original phase state is called "sensible heat") in the air to be treated. The hot water is mixed into the heat storage system after heat exchange between the dehumidification system and the refrigeration system to release heat to form a circulating water circuit. When the system is not dehumidifying, all the hot water enters the refrigeration system to achieve refrigeration. The refrigeration system cools the air to be treated, and the hot water is exchanged into the heat storage system through the refrigeration system to release heat to form a circulating water circuit.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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