CN115193178B - Flue gas filtering and dust removing device and yellow phosphorus flue gas purifying system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a smoke filtering and dust removing device and a yellow phosphorus smoke purifying system. The flue gas filtration dust removal device includes: the dust remover comprises a dust remover cylinder body, wherein the dust remover cylinder body is internally divided into an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom through an upper separation part and a lower separation part; the filter element is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and a flue gas channel to be filtered, wherein the flue gas channel to be filtered is communicated with the air inlet and the air outlet; the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope surface, and the inclined direction of the slope surface can enable filtered smoke on the bottom surface of the middle cavity to flow in the direction of the filtered smoke exhaust structure.

Description

Flue gas filtration and dust removal device and yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system

technical field

The embodiment of the present application relates to the technical field of flue gas purification, in particular to a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system, an industrial kiln flue gas purification device, and a flue gas filter and dust removal device.

Background technique

Yellow phosphorus is an extremely important basic industrial raw material, which is mainly used in many fields such as chemical industry, pesticide and military affairs. In particular, the current increase in demand for lithium iron phosphate batteries has further boosted the demand for yellow phosphorus. Due to the high energy consumption, heavy pollution and serious environmental risks of yellow phosphorus production, developed countries have stopped production for many years, and China is currently the main producer of yellow phosphorus. In recent years, with the continuous strengthening of environmental protection, promoting the development of yellow phosphorus production technology in a green direction has become a very important issue in the phosphorus chemical industry.

The applicant of this application has been actively developing and promoting the application of green production technology of yellow phosphorus in recent years. The applicant first disclosed the main technical idea of its yellow phosphorus green production process in the patent documents with the notification numbers CN103523762B and CN103508429B, that is, using a flue gas filter and dust removal device to filter and remove the yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace (the flue gas The filter and dust removal device physically intercepts the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas through the filter element), and the temperature in the flue gas filter and dust removal device can maintain the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas above the dew point temperature, so the yellow phosphorus is in a gaseous state Through filtering and dust removal, the dust content of yellow phosphorus flue gas can be reduced to below 10-20 mg per standard square meter, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas can be condensed, thereby greatly reducing the generation of mud phosphorus and sewage, and it is expected to fundamentally solve the problem of yellow phosphorus High pollution problem of phosphorus production.

As the applicant goes deep into yellow phosphorus manufacturers to promote the implementation of its yellow phosphorus green production process, the applicant is also constantly updating and iterating related technologies according to the site conditions, and in this process, it often encounters some new needs or problems .

The applicant disclosed an ash discharge device and ash discharge method in the patent document with the publication number CN111359335A, aiming at the inevitable mixing of yellow phosphorus vapor in the dust intercepted by the dust removal device, yellow phosphorus belongs to a substance that is easily phase-changed and has flammability. Explosion risk, directly discharging the dust entrained with yellow phosphorus vapor is a high risk problem. A two-stage ash discharge method is designed, that is, the dust is discharged into the intermediate tank first, and then the replacement gas is input into the intermediate tank to replace the dust. The yellow phosphorus vapor in the tank, and then discharge the dust in the intermediate tank. However, in actual operation, it is found that it is often difficult to fully replace yellow phosphorus vapor with only replacement gas replacement, resulting in the danger of second-stage ash discharge.

The applicant disclosed a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system in the patent document with the notification number CN203513281U. The yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace needs to be heated and kept warm before dust removal to prevent the precipitation of liquid yellow phosphorus. Specifically, the following scheme is provided : The phosphorus furnace is connected to the furnace gas dust collection system through the exhaust pipe. The smoke exhaust pipe has a gas ascending section and a gas descending section connected to each other. The inlet of the gas ascending section is connected to the phosphorus furnace, and the outlet of the gas descending section is connected to the furnace gas collection The dust system is connected, an electric heater is installed at the end pipe section of the gas ascending section, and the starting end of the gas descending section is connected to the side of the end pipe section of the gas ascending section. When working, the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace first flows from bottom to top in the gas ascending section, reaches the end pipe section to fully exchange heat with the electric heater, and then changes direction and enters the beginning of the gas descending section. The dust particles collide with the pipe wall under inertia and settle with the air flow. The above-mentioned smoke exhaust pipe is mainly designed based on the purpose of improving heat exchange efficiency and promoting dust settlement. The inventors of the present application found that due to the high dust content in the yellow phosphorus flue gas, dust will gradually adhere to the heating tube of the electric heater, which will affect the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the above-mentioned patent deliberately installs the electric heater at the end pipe section of the gas ascending section so as to fully contact with the air flow. However, due to the high heating temperature of the electric heater and the concentrated heating and filtration, it is easy to promote the conversion of yellow phosphorus into red phosphorus. Thereby reducing the yield of yellow phosphorus.

In addition, the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dedusting device mainly includes a dust collector cylinder and a filter element. A gas chamber, the original gas chamber is provided with an air inlet for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace, and the clean gas chamber is provided with an exhaust port for outputting yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dedusting, The bottom of the cylinder body of the dust collector is provided with a discharge channel communicating with the raw gas chamber. The filter element in the above-mentioned flue gas filtration and dust removal device is easy to adhere to dust, and the conventional regeneration method of the filter element is back blowing and dust removal regeneration. Reverse blowing is a traditional technology for flue gas filters, and the blowing pipe can usually be aligned with the air outlet of each filter element for back blowing. However, it is impossible to carry out back blowing and filtering at the same time, so back blowing and cleaning can only be switched periodically with filtration.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at at least one of the above technical problems, the following solutions are proposed.

According to the first aspect, there is provided an ash unloading method, including: using a pressure balance device to balance the air pressure in the dust collector and the ash washer; into the ash washer; through the ash washer, the dust in the ash washer is air-washed with the ash washing gas, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline ; The dust in the ash washer is discharged through the second ash unloading device.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the dust in the ash washer is air-washed with ash washing gas through the ash washer, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline It specifically includes: feeding the ash washing gas into the ash washer, using the ash washing gas to agitate the dust inside the ash washer, and heating the dust at the same time, so that the dust in the dust The cleaning target is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the heating is realized by feeding ash washing gas whose temperature is higher than that of the dust into the ash washer to heat the dust.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the heating is realized by heating the dust through a heating structure arranged in the ash washer.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the dust in the ash washer is air-washed with ash washing gas through the ash washer, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline It specifically includes: filtering and removing dust from the gas-solid two-phase flow output from the recovery pipeline through the ash unloading auxiliary filter, then directing the filtered airflow to the destination, and returning the dust to the ash washer, the purpose The ground can be the downstream conveying pipeline or receiving equipment of the dedusted gas of the dust collector.

According to an embodiment of the present application, when the ash washer performs the air washing once, the volume of the ash washing gas used is 3-10 times the internal volume of the ash washer. According to the embodiment of the present application, nitrogen gas is used as the ash washing gas.

The second aspect provides an ash unloading system, including: a pressure balance device for balancing the air pressure in the dust collector and the ash washer; the first ash unloading device is arranged between the dust collector and the ash washer The discharge channel between the ash washers is used to discharge the dust in the dust remover into the ash washer; the ash washer is used to use ash washing gas for the dust in the ash washer Air washing is carried out, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline; the second ash unloading device is used to discharge the dust in the ash washer.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the ash washer is provided with a heating structure for heating the dust in the ash washer.

According to the embodiment of the present application, it also includes an auxiliary ash unloading filter, which is arranged above the ash washer and on the recovery pipeline, and is used to filter and remove dust from the gas-solid two-phase flow output from the recovery pipeline, The filtered gas flow is then directed to a destination, which may be a downstream delivery pipeline or receiving facility for the dedusted gas of the dust collector, and returns the dust to the ash washer.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the ash washing gas supply source or the ash washing gas delivery pipeline between the supply source and the ash washer is provided with an ash washing gas heating device, and the ash washing gas heating device can adopt Electric heaters.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the ash washing gas output port in the ash washer is located at the lower part of the ash washer and beside the discharge port of the ash washer.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the dust collector is a mechanical dust collector, an electric dust collector or a flue gas filter dust collector that uses a filter element to physically intercept the dust in the gas to be dusted.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the ash washer is provided with a fluidization structure for fluidizing the dust inside the ash washer by using the ash washing gas. According to the embodiment of the present application, nitrogen gas is used as the ash washing gas.

In the third aspect, a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is provided, including: a flue gas filtering and dust removal device for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas from a phosphorus furnace, and the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in the Under the condition of gaseous temperature, the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is physically intercepted by the filter element, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output; the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device is used to receive the dust from the flue gas filtering and dust removal device The yellow phosphorus flue gas is condensed directly or indirectly through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored in the yellow phosphorus tank, and the tail gas is output at the same time; the flue gas filter and dust removal device With the ash unloading system of the second aspect above, the flue gas filter and dust removal device discharges dust from the flue gas filter and dust remover through the ash unloading system.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device includes: a dust collector cylinder body, which is divided into an upper cavity and a middle cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom by an upper partition member and a lower partition member and the lower cavity, the dust collector cylinder is respectively provided with a filter gas intake structure connected with the upper cavity, a filtered smoke exhaust structure connected with the middle cavity, and a The ash discharge structure connected to the lower cavity; a filter element, the filter element has an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a flue gas channel to be filtered that is connected to the air inlet and the exhaust port, and the filter element The air inlet of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the upper partition part and communicates with the upper cavity, and the exhaust port of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the lower partition part and communicates with the upper cavity. The lower cavity is connected, and a filtered flue gas channel is formed between the filter element and the middle cavity; wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope, and the inclination direction of the slope can make the middle The filtered smoke produced on the bottom surface of the cavity tends to flow toward the filtered smoke exhaust structure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, a flue gas pretreatment device is included, arranged between the phosphorus furnace and the flue gas filtering and dedusting device, for receiving the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace, and treating the yellow phosphorus flue gas Perform pretreatment, and then output the pretreated yellow phosphorus flue gas; then the flue gas filter and dust removal device is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas pretreatment device, and the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas Still in the gaseous temperature condition, the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is physically intercepted by the filter element, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output; the flue gas pretreatment device includes an airflow buffer, and the The airflow buffer has an airflow buffer cylinder, and an airflow buffer space is formed in the airflow buffer cylinder, and the airflow buffer space is provided with an air inlet for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from a phosphorus furnace and for outputting a preheated gas. The exhaust outlet of the treated yellow phosphorus flue gas, the bottom of the airflow buffer cylinder is provided with a discharge channel that communicates with the airflow buffer space; wherein, the flue gas pretreatment device adopts the discharge channel of the second aspect above Ash system, the flue gas pretreatment device discharges dust from the flue gas pretreatment device through the ash unloading system.

The above-mentioned ash unloading method, ash unloading system and yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system, because the dust in the ash washer is air-washed with the ash washing gas by the ash washer, the cleaning target (such as yellow phosphorus vapor) in the dust can be removed. ) is fully removed, and the full replacement of the cleaning target by the ash washing gas is realized.

In the fourth aspect, an industrial kiln flue gas purification device is provided, including: a flue gas pretreatment device, which is used to receive the flue gas discharged from the industrial kiln, pretreat the flue gas, and then output the pretreated The treated flue gas; the flue gas filter and dust removal device is used to receive the flue gas from the flue gas pretreatment device, and physically intercept the dust in the flue gas through the filter element, and then output the flue gas after filtering and dust removal; Wherein, the flue gas pretreatment device includes an airflow buffer, and an airflow buffer space is formed in the airflow buffer, and the airflow buffer space is provided with an air inlet for receiving the flue gas from the industrial kiln and a In the exhaust port for outputting the pretreated flue gas; and, the airflow buffer space is provided with an inner heat exchange channel and an outer heat exchange channel along the flue gas conveying direction, and the inner heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel Both ends of the channel are respectively connected to the heat exchange medium input structure and the heat exchange medium output structure, and a flue gas delivery channel is formed between the inner heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the airflow buffer includes an airflow buffer cylinder, the outer heat exchange channel includes an interlayer arranged in the wall of the airflow buffer cylinder, and the airflow buffer cylinder along the smoke An inner heat exchange tube is provided in the direction of gas delivery, the inner heat exchange channel includes the lumen of the inner heat exchange tube, and the bottom of the airflow buffer cylinder is provided with a discharge structure communicating with the flue gas delivery channel .

According to the embodiment of the present application, the inner heat exchange tube is arranged coaxially with the central axis of the airflow buffer cylinder; an annular structure of smoke is formed between the inner wall of the airflow buffer cylinder and the inner heat exchange tube. gas delivery channel.

According to an embodiment of the present application, a rake is installed on the top of the airflow buffer cylinder, and a part of the rake is located in the airflow buffer cylinder and is provided with first The raking material cleaning structure and the second raking material cleaning structure matched with the outer wall of the inner heat exchange tube, the other part of the raking frame is located outside the cylinder of the airflow buffer and connected with the lifting drive mechanism.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the smoke conveying channel is provided with a smoke separating structure to divide the smoke conveying channel into an inner conveying channel and an outer conveying channel, and the inner conveying channel and the outer conveying channel pass through the The turning passages in the airflow buffer space are connected in series, the inner conveying passage is located on the adjacent side of the inner heat exchange passage, and the outer conveying passage is located on the adjacent side of the outer heat exchange passage.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas separation structure includes a draft tube arranged coaxially with the inner heat exchange tube and sleeved between the outer side of the inner heat exchange tube and the inner side of the airflow buffer cylinder, so An inner conveying passage of annular structure is formed between the guide tube and the inner heat exchange tube, an outer conveying passage of annular structure is formed between the guide pipe and the airflow buffer cylinder, and the inner conveying passage and The outer conveying channel is connected in series through the turning channel located at the end of the airflow buffer cylinder.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the air inlet is located at the lower side of the airflow buffer cylinder and communicates with the lower end of the draft tube, and the exhaust port is located at the lower side of the airflow buffer cylinder part and communicate with the lower end of the outer delivery channel.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas pretreatment device and/or the flue gas filtering and dust removal device adopts an ash unloading system, and the ash unloading system includes: a pressure balance device for making the flue gas pretreatment device and the flue gas pretreatment device and /or the air pressure in the flue gas filter and dust removal device is balanced with the air pressure in the ash washer; the first ash unloading device is arranged on the flue gas pretreatment device and/or the flue gas filter and dust removal device and the The discharge channel between the ash washers is used to discharge the dust in the flue gas pretreatment device and/or the flue gas filter and dust removal device into the ash washers; the ash washers are used to The dust in the ash washer is air-washed with the ash washing gas, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline; the second ash unloading device is used to remove the dust from the ash washer The dust in the discharge.

In the fifth aspect, a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is provided, including: a flue gas pretreatment device for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from a phosphorus furnace, and pretreating the yellow phosphorus flue gas, and then Output the pretreated yellow phosphorus flue gas; the flue gas filter and dust removal device is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas pretreatment device, and under the temperature condition that the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in a gaseous state The dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is physically intercepted through the filter element, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output; the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas filtering and dust removal device, The yellow phosphorus flue gas is directly or indirectly condensed through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored in the yellow phosphorus tank, and the exhaust gas is output at the same time; wherein, the flue gas pretreatment device adopts the above-mentioned first Four aspects of the flue gas pretreatment device.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device includes: a dust collector cylinder body, which is divided into an upper cavity and a middle cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom by an upper partition member and a lower partition member and the lower cavity, the dust collector cylinder is respectively provided with a filter gas intake structure connected with the upper cavity, a filtered smoke exhaust structure connected with the middle cavity, and a The ash discharge structure connected to the lower cavity; a filter element, the filter element has an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a flue gas channel to be filtered that is connected to the air inlet and the exhaust port, and the filter element The air inlet of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the upper partition part and communicates with the upper cavity, and the exhaust port of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the lower partition part and communicates with the upper cavity. The lower cavity is connected, and a filtered flue gas channel is formed between the filter element and the middle cavity; wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope, and the inclination direction of the slope can make the middle The filtered smoke produced on the bottom surface of the cavity tends to flow toward the filtered smoke exhaust structure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device includes a plurality of spray towers, and the spray towers directly spray cooling water at a certain temperature on the yellow phosphorus flue gas, so that the yellow phosphorus is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored In the yellow phosphorus tank, the tail gas is output at the same time; the flue gas pretreatment device is transformed from the spray tower in the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device, and the flue gas pretreatment device and the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery The remaining spray towers in the device are arranged side by side.

In the flue gas pretreatment device used in the above-mentioned industrial kiln flue gas purification device and yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system, the airflow buffer space is provided with an inner heat exchange channel and an outer heat exchange channel along the flue gas conveying direction, and the inner heat exchange channel The channel and the outer heat exchange channel are respectively connected to the heat exchange medium input structure and the heat exchange medium output structure, and a flue gas delivery channel is formed between the inner heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel, thus, the inner The heat exchange area of the flue gas delivery channel formed between the heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel is larger and the heat transfer is more uniform.

Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the inner heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel can use a heat exchange medium whose temperature is much lower than that of the electric heater (such as nitrogen at a temperature of 200 ° C), thus effectively solving the problem of concentration Heating to convert yellow phosphorus into red phosphorus. At the same time, when the temperature fluctuation of the yellow phosphorus flue gas output from the phosphorus furnace is large, the temperature fluctuation of the yellow phosphorus flue gas output through the flue gas transmission channel is small, that is, the flue gas pretreatment The device has a stronger adaptability to flue gas temperature fluctuations.

In a sixth aspect, a flue gas filtering and dedusting device is provided, including: a dust collector cylinder, the dust collector cylinder is divided into an upper cavity, a middle cavity, and a middle cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom through an upper partition member and a lower partition member. A cavity and a lower cavity, the dust collector cylinder is respectively provided with an air intake structure for filtered flue gas communicating with the upper cavity and a filtered flue gas exhaust structure communicating with the middle cavity And the ash discharge structure connected with the lower cavity; the filter element, the filter element has an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a flue gas channel to be filtered connected with the air inlet and the exhaust port, so The air inlet of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the upper partition part and communicates with the upper cavity, and the exhaust port of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the lower partition part and connected It is connected with the lower cavity, and a filtered flue gas channel is formed between the filter element and the middle cavity; wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope, and the slope direction of the slope can make the The filtered smoke generated on the bottom surface of the middle cavity tends to flow toward the filtered smoke exhaust structure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the lower partition member includes a lower partition plate on which the air outlet of the filter element is installed, and the lower partition plate constitutes the bottom surface of the middle cavity.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the upper partition member includes an upper partition plate, and the air inlet of the filter element is installed on the upper partition plate.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the intake structure of the flue gas to be filtered includes an intake pipe, the central axis of the intake pipe is spatially perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder, and the central axis of the intake pipe It is tangent to a circle formed with the central axis of the dust collector cylinder as the center.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the filtered flue gas exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe, the central axis of the exhaust pipe is perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder, and the exhaust pipe The central axis of is parallel to the central axis of the intake pipe.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the lower part of the dust collector cylinder includes a conical cylinder whose diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the bottom of the conical cylinder is provided with the ash discharge structure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the filter element is a tubular filter element, and one end of the tubular filter element is an air inlet of the filter element, and the other end of the tubular filter element is an air outlet of the filter element. According to an embodiment of the present application, the filter element is a metal or ceramic filter element.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is composed of a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane, the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane intersect each other on a bottom ridgeline, and the bottom The ridge line is inclined from top to bottom and constitutes the lowest position of the bottom surface of the middle cavity. The edges intersect, and the upper end intersects with the inner wall of the cavity on the other side of the middle cavity.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the included angle between the bottom ridgeline and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°, and the included angles between the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane and the horizontal plane are respectively 5°-10°.

In the seventh aspect, a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is provided, including: a flue gas filtering and dedusting device for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas from a phosphorus furnace, and the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in the Under the condition of gaseous temperature, the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is physically intercepted by the filter element, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output; the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device is used to receive the dust from the flue gas filtering and dust removal device The yellow phosphorus flue gas is condensed directly or indirectly through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored in the yellow phosphorus tank, and the tail gas is output at the same time; the flue gas filter and dust removal device Adopt the flue gas filtering dust removal device of the sixth aspect above.

When the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dust removal device is in operation, the flue gas to be filtered enters the upper cavity from the gas inlet structure to be filtered, and then flows downward from the inlet of the filter element along the flue gas channel to be filtered. The filtered flue gas enters the middle cavity and then is discharged from the filtered flue gas exhaust structure. The dust in the filtered flue gas relies on gravity and flows down with the flue gas to be filtered and is discharged from the exhaust port of the filter element. Therefore, the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dedusting device can use the flue gas to be filtered to help the filter element discharge ash and flush the filter surface of the filter element, so as to achieve regeneration of the filter element while filtering.

Since the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope, the inclination direction of the slope can make the filtered smoke on the bottom surface of the middle cavity tend to flow in the direction of the filtered smoke exhaust structure, so that when the When the filtered flue gas is flammable and explosive gas such as yellow phosphorus flue gas, this structure can effectively avoid the accumulation of filtered flue gas on the bottom surface of the middle cavity, and prevent the leakage of the dust collector cylinder, the switching of the flue gas filter and dust removal device, etc. The filtered flue gas collected on the bottom surface of the middle chamber is mixed with air to explode.

In an eighth aspect, a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is provided, including: a flue gas filtering and dedusting device for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas from a phosphorus furnace, and the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in the Under the condition of gaseous temperature, the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is physically intercepted by the filter element, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output; the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device is used to receive the dust from the flue gas filtering and dust removal device The yellow phosphorus flue gas is condensed directly or indirectly through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus is changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored in the yellow phosphorus tank, and the tail gas is output at the same time, and the tail gas is mainly coal gas; The tail gas temperature control and recycling device is used to receive the tail gas from the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device, control the tail gas within the required temperature range, and then transport it to the phosphorus furnace and the flue gas filtration and dust removal device In the flue gas conveying channel between; Wherein, after described tail gas is mixed with the yellow phosphorus flue gas from phosphorus furnace, the yellow phosphorus gas in the yellow phosphorus flue gas and the coal gas in the tail gas are different due to their respective specific gravity Stratification occurs and is insulated by layers of yellow phosphorus gas from the gas bed.

According to the embodiment of the present application, assuming that the connection point between the tail gas temperature control and recycling device and the flue gas delivery channel is the starting point, and the yellow phosphorus flue gas output end of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device is the ending point, then from There is no ascending section in the yellow phosphorus flue gas flow path from the starting point to the ending point.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device includes: a dust collector cylinder, which is divided into an upper cavity and a middle cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom by an upper partition member and a lower partition member. body and the lower cavity, the dust collector cylinder is respectively provided with a filter gas intake structure connected with the upper cavity, a filtered smoke exhaust structure connected with the middle cavity, and The ash discharge structure communicated with the lower cavity; the filter element, the filter element has an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a flue gas channel to be filtered that communicates with the air inlet and the exhaust port, the The air inlet of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the upper partition part and communicates with the upper cavity, and the exhaust port of the filter element is installed in the cylinder body of the dust collector through the lower partition part and communicates with the upper cavity. The lower cavity is connected, and a filtered flue gas channel is formed between the filter element and the middle cavity; wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope, and the slope direction of the slope can make the The filtered smoke produced on the bottom surface of the middle cavity tends to flow towards the filtered smoke exhaust structure.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the lower partition member includes a lower partition plate on which the air outlet of the filter element is installed, and the lower partition plate constitutes the bottom surface of the middle cavity.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the intake structure of the flue gas to be filtered includes an intake pipe, the central axis of the intake pipe is spatially perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder, and the central axis of the intake pipe It is tangent to a circle formed with the central axis of the dust collector cylinder as the center.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the filtered flue gas exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe, the central axis of the exhaust pipe is perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder, and the exhaust pipe The central axis of is parallel to the central axis of the intake pipe.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is composed of a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane, the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane intersect each other on a bottom ridgeline, and the bottom The ridge line is inclined from top to bottom and constitutes the lowest position of the bottom surface of the middle cavity. The edges intersect, and the upper end intersects with the inner wall of the cavity on the other side of the middle cavity.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the tail gas temperature control and recycling device includes a tail gas return branch connected to the tail gas output pipeline of the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device, and one end of the tail gas return branch is connected to the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device On the tail gas output pipe, the other end is connected to the flue gas conveying channel; a gas dehydrator and a gas heater are connected in series on the tail gas return branch road, and a cooling device is connected in parallel with the gas heater on the tail gas return branch road Gas regulating valve.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the tail gas temperature control and recycling device controls the tail gas to be 20°C-100°C higher than the dew point temperature of the yellow phosphorus gas, preferably 30°C-80°C higher than the dew point temperature of the yellow phosphorus gas.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device adopts an ash unloading system, and the ash unloading system includes: a pressure balance device for balancing the air pressure in the dust remover and the air pressure in the ash washer; an ash device, arranged in the discharge channel between the dust remover and the ash washer, for discharging the dust in the dust remover into the ash washer; the ash washer, for The dust in the ash washer is air-washed with the ash washing gas, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline; the second ash unloading device is used to remove the dust from the ash washer dust discharge.

The above-mentioned yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system takes advantage of the characteristics that yellow phosphorus gas and coal gas are easily stratified due to their different specific gravity. The tail gas temperature control and recycling device is used to control the temperature of the coal gas and then reuse it in the flue gas transmission channel. In this way, the temperature of the yellow phosphorus gas can be effectively controlled to prevent the yellow phosphorus flue gas from precipitating liquid yellow phosphorus before filtering and dust removal.

The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice.

Description of drawings

The drawings constituting a part of this specification are used to assist the understanding of this application, and the content provided in the drawings and related descriptions in this specification can be used to explain this application, but do not constitute an improper limitation of this application.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan layout of the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas pretreatment device in a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas filtration and dust removal device in a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a left view of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device shown in Fig. 5 .

Fig. 7 is a top view of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device shown in Fig. 5 .

Detailed ways

The application is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present application based on these descriptions. Before the present application is described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it should be pointed out that:

The technical solutions and technical features provided in each part including the following descriptions can be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict. In addition, where possible, these technical solutions, technical features and related combinations can be assigned specific technical subjects and protected by relevant patents.

The embodiments of the present application involved in the following descriptions are generally only some embodiments rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work , should fall within the scope of patent protection.

Regarding terms and units in this specification: the terms "comprising", "comprising", "having" and any variations thereof in this specification, corresponding claims and related parts are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. In addition, other related terms and units can be reasonably interpreted based on the relevant content provided in this manual.

The applicant disclosed for the first time the main technical idea of its yellow phosphorus green production process in the patent documents with the announcement numbers CN103523762B and CN103508429B, that is, using the flue gas filter and dust removal device to filter and remove the yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace. The filter and dust removal device physically intercepts the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas through the filter element. During this process, the temperature in the flue gas filter and dust removal device can maintain the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas above the dew point temperature, so the yellow phosphorus Phosphorus is in a gaseous state, and the dust content of yellow phosphorus flue gas can be reduced to below 10-20 mg per standard square (or even below 5-10 mg per standard square) by filtering and dust removal, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas is condensed, Thereby greatly reducing the generation of mud phosphorus and sewage, and is expected to fundamentally solve the high pollution problem of yellow phosphorus production.

Since the temperature in the flue gas filter and dust removal device can maintain the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas above the dew point temperature, this kind of flue gas filter and dust removal device can also be called a high temperature flue gas filter and dust removal device. Its core is that the filter material used in the filter element can withstand higher temperatures (recommended temperature ranges are given in CN103523762B and CN103508429B, which will not be described here), while ensuring higher filtration efficiency and filtration flux. The effect can be characterized by the dust content of the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dedusting, and the filtration flux can be characterized by the volume of gas filtered per unit filter area per unit time.

During the use of the filter element, since dust will adhere to the filter surface of the filter element, the filtration flux will gradually decrease. The conventional way is to carry out back blowing and dust removal regeneration on the filter element. Reverse blowing is a traditional technology for flue gas filters, and the blowing pipe can usually be aligned with the air outlet of each filter element for back blowing. However, it is impossible to carry out back blowing and filtering at the same time, so back blowing and cleaning can only be switched periodically with filtration. In addition to back-blowing and cleaning the filter element, when the filter element is seriously polluted and the filtration flux cannot be effectively restored by back-blowing soot cleaning, the filter element can be further regenerated.

Due to the setting of the flue gas filter and dust removal device, correspondingly, how to reduce the impact of the flue gas filter and dust removal device on the yellow phosphorus production process, how to realize the ash unloading of the flue gas filter and dust removal device, and how to clean A series of specific issues such as controlling the temperature of the yellow phosphorus flue gas and how to regenerate the filter element of the flue gas filter and dust removal device, and formed related technologies for these specific problems.

As the applicant goes deep into yellow phosphorus manufacturers to promote and implement its yellow phosphorus green production process, the applicant is also constantly updating and iterating related technologies according to the on-site conditions. Therefore, the applicant has successively submitted publication numbers/announcement numbers CN203513281U, CN111359335A , CN104645732A and other patent applications.

CN111359335A discloses an ash discharge device and ash discharge method. In view of the fact that the dust intercepted by the dust removal device will inevitably be mixed with yellow phosphorus vapor, yellow phosphorus is a substance that is easily phase-changed and has a risk of explosion. The dust discharge of steam is a high risk problem. A two-stage ash discharge method is designed, that is, the dust is discharged into the intermediate tank first, and then the replacement gas is input into the intermediate tank to replace the yellow phosphorus vapor in the dust, and then the dust is discharged into the intermediate tank. The dust from the intermediate tank is discharged.

However, in actual operation, it is found that it is often difficult to fully replace yellow phosphorus vapor with only replacement gas replacement, resulting in the danger of second-stage ash discharge.

A yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is disclosed in CN203513281U. The yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace needs to be heated and kept warm before dedusting to prevent the liquid yellow phosphorus from being separated out. The gas dust collection system is connected. The flue gas exhaust pipe has a gas ascending section and a gas descending section connected to each other. An electric heater is installed at the pipe section, and the starting end of the gas descending section is connected to the side of the end pipe section of the gas ascending section. When working, the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace first flows from bottom to top in the gas ascending section, reaches the end pipe section to fully exchange heat with the electric heater, and then changes direction and enters the beginning of the gas descending section, the dust in the airflow The particles hit the wall of the tube under inertia and settle down with the air flow.

The above-mentioned smoke exhaust pipe is mainly designed based on the purpose of improving heat exchange efficiency and promoting dust settlement. The inventors of the present application found that due to the high dust content in the yellow phosphorus flue gas, dust will gradually adhere to the heating tube of the electric heater, which will affect the heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the above-mentioned patent deliberately installs the electric heater at the end pipe section of the gas ascending section so as to fully contact with the air flow. However, due to the high heating temperature of the electric heater and the concentrated heating and filtration, it is easy to promote the conversion of yellow phosphorus into red phosphorus. Thereby reducing the yield of yellow phosphorus.

CN104645732A discloses a method for regenerating a gas filter element. Aiming at the problem that the filter holes on the surface of the filter element in the flue gas filter and dust removal device are blocked and it is difficult to effectively restore the filtration flux by conventional backblowing and dust removal, it is proposed that the flue gas filter and dust removal device After parking, a mixed combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen with a volume ratio of 0.01% to 1.99% and the rest being nitrogen is introduced into the flue gas filter and dust removal device, so that all filter elements in the flue gas filter and dust removal device are placed in it as a whole, and the temperature is 100 ° C ~ 900 ° C At the set temperature of ℃, the combustion-supporting gas and impurities such as dust, tar and/or yellow phosphorus deposited on the surface of the filter element undergo an oxidation reaction of controllable combustion, and the gas after the oxidation reaction is discharged through the exhaust structure.

However, the above-mentioned regeneration method needs to trigger combustion and generate high temperature in the flue gas filter and dust removal device, and has higher requirements on the high temperature resistance performance of the flue gas filter and dust removal device and its filter element, which will increase the implementation cost.

In addition, the existing flue gas filtration and dust removal device mainly includes a dust collector cylinder and a filter element, the filter element is installed in the dust collector cylinder through a filter element mounting plate and divides the dust collector cylinder into a lower raw gas chamber and an upper A clean gas chamber, the original gas chamber is provided with an inlet for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace, and the clean gas chamber is provided with an exhaust port for outputting yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering, dust removal and purification , the bottom of the dust collector cylinder is provided with a discharge channel communicating with the raw gas chamber.

In the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dedusting device, since the clean gas chamber is above the original gas chamber, the gas phase substances in the yellow phosphorus flue gas are mainly yellow phosphorus gas and coal gas, and the specific gravity of the yellow phosphorus gas is greater than that of the coal gas. Therefore, the yellow phosphorus gas It is easy to accumulate at the bottom of the clean gas chamber, causing yellow phosphorus to always be contained at the bottom corner of the clean gas chamber. In case of leakage of the dust collector cylinder, switching of the flue gas filter and dust removal device, etc., the yellow phosphorus accumulated at the bottom of the clean gas chamber Once mixed with air, it is prone to explosion.

The relevant embodiments of the present application are introduced below. These embodiments can solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems when implemented alone, and can solve two or more of the above-mentioned technical problems when implemented in combination.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 2 is a schematic plan layout of the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Fig. 1 . As shown in Figure 1-2, the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system mainly includes: a flue gas pretreatment device 200 (ie, the preprocessor in Figure 1), a flue gas filtering and dust removal device 300 (ie, the filter in Figure 1) , Yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400.

The flue gas pretreatment device 200 is arranged between the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300, and is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace 100, pretreat the yellow phosphorus flue gas, and then output Pretreated yellow phosphorus flue gas.

The flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas pretreatment device 200, and under the temperature condition that the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in the gaseous state, the yellow phosphorus flue gas is filtered through the filter element. The dust in the gas is physically intercepted, and then the yellow phosphorus flue gas after filtering and dust removal is output.

The yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas filtration and dust removal device 300, and directly or indirectly condense the yellow phosphorus flue gas through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus can be changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored In the yellow phosphorus tank 410 (that is, the phosphorus receiving tank in FIG. 1 ), the tail gas is output at the same time.

Among them, at least one function of the flue gas pretreatment device 200 is to further reduce the impact of the air pressure fluctuation of the phosphorus furnace 100 on the flue gas filtering and dust removal device 300 through the buffering effect of the airflow buffer, and protect the phosphorus furnace 100 to reduce its operational safety hazards .

Therefore, the flue gas pretreatment device 200 at least includes an airflow buffer. Generally, the airflow buffer has an airflow buffer cylinder, and an airflow buffer space is formed in the airflow buffer cylinder, and an air inlet for receiving yellow phosphorus flue gas discharged from the phosphorus furnace 100 is provided on the airflow buffer space. And an exhaust port for outputting the pretreated yellow phosphorus flue gas.

During the operation of the phosphorus furnace 100, sometimes a negative pressure will be generated due to the sudden collapse of the charge (the phosphorus furnace 100 is specifically an electric furnace). Due to the negative pressure, air may be sucked into the phosphorus furnace 100 and cause an explosion when it contacts the yellow phosphorus. Therefore, the airflow buffer is actually The phosphorus furnace 100 can be protected against negative pressure.

The flue gas pretreatment device 200 usually has another function, that is, mechanically pre-dusts the yellow phosphorus flue gas. For example, use natural principles such as gravity sedimentation and inertial separation to remove large particles of dust from yellow phosphorus flue gas. Therefore, from the perspective of mechanical pre-dust removal, the flue gas pretreatment device 200 can also be called a mechanical dust collector.

The flue gas pretreatment device 200 can utilize various structures to realize mechanical pre-dust removal. A simple implementation method is to directly use the airflow buffer cylinder to realize the gravity settlement of dust. In other embodiments, mechanical pre-dust removal can also be realized by referring to the relevant structures of mechanical dust collectors such as gravity dust collectors, inertial dust collectors, and cyclone dust collectors. Usually, the bottom of the flue gas pretreatment device 200 (airflow buffer cylinder) is provided with a discharge channel communicating with the airflow buffer space for discharging dust.

The flue gas pretreatment device 200 can also be equipped with a heat exchanger to heat the yellow phosphorus flue gas, so as to avoid the precipitation of liquid yellow phosphorus due to the cooling of the yellow phosphorus flue gas before passing through the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300, thereby causing smoke The inside of the air filter and dust removal device 300 and the inner wall of related pipelines are clogged with yellow phosphorus and dust. In an optional implementation manner, the heat exchanger specifically adopts an electric heater. A heat exchanger may be disposed in the airflow buffer cylinder.

Generally, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 includes a dust collector cylinder, and the filter element is installed in the dust collector cylinder through a filter element mounting plate and divides the dust collector cylinder into a lower raw air chamber and an upper clean air chamber. The raw gas chamber is provided with an air inlet for receiving the yellow phosphorus flue gas to be filtered and dedusted, and the clean air chamber is provided with an exhaust port for outputting the filtered and purified yellow phosphorus fume. The bottom of the cylinder body of the dust collector is provided with a discharge channel communicating with the raw gas chamber.

In addition, generally speaking, the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 also includes a filter element reverse blowing soot cleaning structure, which is used to apply compressed gas from the clean air chamber to the filter element in a direction opposite to the filtering direction. Here, the compressed gas is usually nitrogen.

In a typical implementation, the filter element reverse blowing and dust cleaning structure includes a compressed gas delivery pipe, a part of the compressed gas delivery pipe is located in the clean air chamber in the dust collector cylinder and is distributed with an output port with the filter element The corresponding blowing port; the other part of the compressed gas delivery pipe is located outside the dust collector cylinder and connected to the compressed gas source through a control valve. Compressed air source can use air bag. In other implementations, the backflushing and dust removal structure of the filter element can also adopt venturi tube backflushing and other backflushing technologies.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that two flue gas filtration and dust removal devices 300 are connected in parallel between the flue gas pretreatment device 200 and the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 through pipes and valves. Which one of the two flue gas filtering and dust removal devices 300 to use can be selected by controlling these valves. The discharge channel of each flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 performs ash discharge through the ash discharge system.

In a common implementation, the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 adopts more than two spray towers 420 (that is, the condensation towers in Fig. 1 ) that can be connected in parallel or in series, and these spray towers 420 directly spray the yellow phosphorus flue gas Spray cooling water at a certain temperature to make the yellow phosphorus change from a gaseous state to a liquid state and store it in the yellow phosphorus tank 410, while outputting tail gas.

In other implementations, the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 can use a special phosphorus collection device such as the patent document CN103708432B applied by the applicant to indirectly condense and recover yellow phosphorus.

An emergency water seal 510 is also connected between the phosphorus furnace 100 and one of the spray towers 420 (this spray tower 420 is usually the first spray tower 420 or the second spray tower 420), so that it can be used as a phosphorus furnace. When the air pressure at 100 suddenly rises, the yellow phosphorus flue gas bypasses the flue gas pretreatment device 200 and the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 and is directly sent to the spray tower 420, thereby protecting the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300.

In addition, the tail gas output pipeline of the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery unit 400 is provided with a general water seal 520 , a safety water seal 530 , an alkali washing tower 540 , and a water ring vacuum pump 550 in sequence.

The function of the total water seal 520 is to dissipate the gas when the system air pressure exceeds the set total safety threshold, so as to play the role of total safety protection. The effect of the safety water seal 530 is mainly to cut off the output of exhaust gas when needed.

The role of the alkali washing tower 540 is to wash the tail gas with alkali to neutralize the acidic substances in the tail gas, protect downstream equipment and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.

The water ring vacuum pump 550 provides the main power for the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system. In addition, a fan (not shown in FIG. 1 ) is usually provided between the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 and the flue gas filtration and dust removal device 300 .

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan layout of the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Fig. 1 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the flue gas pretreatment device 200 and the remaining spray towers 420 in the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 are arranged side by side with the same diameter. This is because the flue gas pretreatment device 200 is transformed from the original first spray tower 420 in the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 . It can be seen that this method can make full use of the existing yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system and transform it into the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system of the embodiment of the present application.

In Fig. 1-2, the ash unloading system specifically includes: a pressure balance device 610, a first ash unloading device, an ash washer 620 and a second ash unloading device.

Wherein, the pressure balance device 610 is used to balance the air pressure in the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 with the air pressure in the ash washer 620, so that the dust in the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 can be easily discharged into the In the ash washer 620.

Preferably, the pressure balance device 610 adopts a pressure balance tube connected to the raw gas chamber of the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 and the inner cavity of the ash washer 620, and the pressure balance tube is provided with a valve, which can be opened when the valve is opened. The pressure balance of the original air chamber of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device 300 and the inner cavity of the ash washer 620 is consistent through the pressure balance pipe.

The first ash unloading device is arranged in the discharge channel between the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 and the ash washer 620, and is used to discharge the dust in the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 into the Ash washer 620. The first ash unloading device usually adopts a discharge valve.

The ash washer 620 is used to air wash the dust in the ash washer 620 with ash washing gas, so that the cleaning target (yellow phosphorus gas) in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline . The air washing here means that the dust in the ash washer 620 is rapidly agitated by the ash washing gas, and its effect is similar to fluidization. Nitrogen is usually used as the ash washing gas. Obviously, the yellow phosphorus vapor in the dust can be fully removed by air washing, and the full replacement of the yellow phosphorus vapor by the ash washing gas can be realized.

In order to achieve rapid agitation of the dust in the ash washer 620 through the ash washing gas, the ash washing gas output port in the ash washer 620 is located at the lower part of the ash washer 620 and at the discharge port of the ash washer 620 on the side.

In addition, a fluidization structure may be provided in the ash washer 620 to use the ash washing gas to fluidize the dust inside the ash washer. The fluidized structure may be a porous material, so that the ash washing gas is dispersed and input into the ash washer 620 . In this way, the dust can be stirred more fully.

During the air washing process, the dust can also be heated at the same time. The heating can be realized by feeding ash washing gas whose temperature is higher than that of the dust to the ash washer to heat the dust; and/or, the heating can be achieved by setting This is achieved by heating the dust in the heating structure (such as the insulation jacket) in the container.

Preferably, the heating is realized not only by feeding ash washing gas whose temperature is higher than that of the dust into the ash washer to heat the dust, but also through the heating structure arranged in the ash washer This is achieved by heating the dust.

The ash washing gas supply source (such as a nitrogen gas bag) or the ash washing gas delivery pipeline between the supply source and the ash washer 620 is provided with an ash washing gas heating device, and the ash washing gas heating device can Use electric heaters. Thereby, the ash washing gas can be heated.

During the air washing process, the dust is heated at the same time, which can further ensure that the yellow phosphorus is fully volatilized, so that the yellow phosphorus in the dust can be more fully washed away. At the same time, when the ash washing gas is used for heating and the heating structure is used for heating, the heating structure can mainly play the role of heat preservation, which helps to save energy consumption.

Usually, when the ash washer performs the air washing once, the volume of ash washing gas used is 3-10 times of the internal volume of the ash washer. If the ratio of the volume of the ash washing gas to the internal volume of the ash washer is lower than 3, the ash washing is insufficient; if the ratio of the volume of the ash washing gas to the internal volume of the ash washer is higher than 10, the ash washing gas Larger dosage will increase cost and power consumption.

Preferably, when the ash washer performs the air washing once, the volume of ash washing gas used is 4-6 times the internal volume of the ash washer.

The second ash unloading device is used to discharge the dust in the ash washer 620 . Similarly, the second ash unloading device usually uses a discharge valve.

Preferably, the ash unloading system may also include an ash unloading auxiliary filter 630, which is arranged above the ash washer 620 and on the recovery pipeline, and is used to filter the gas-solid two-phase output from the recovery pipeline. The airflow is filtered and dedusted, and then the filtered airflow is guided to the destination, and the dust is returned to the ash washer 620. The destination can be the downstream delivery pipeline or receiving Equipment (yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400).

The dust removal auxiliary filter 630 can intercept the dust carried by the dust washing gas, so as to prevent the dust from entering the downstream delivery pipeline or receiving equipment of the dedusted gas of the flue gas filtration and dust removal device 300 through the recovery pipe.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 , the discharge channel of the flue gas pretreatment device 200 is connected to the ash washer 620 through a discharge valve, so as to perform ash discharge in the same manner as the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 .

It can be seen that the above-mentioned ash unloading system can realize the following ash unloading method, which includes: through the pressure balance device 610, the air pressure in the dust collector (such as the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 or the flue gas pretreatment device 200) and the ash washer The air pressure in 620 reaches equilibrium; the dust in the dust remover is discharged into the ash washer 620 through the first ash unloading device; the dust in the ash washer 620 is washed by the ash washer 620 The gas is washed, so that the cleaning target (such as yellow phosphorus vapor) in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline; the dust in the ash washer 620 is discharged through the second ash unloading device.

Optionally, in the above method, the dust in the ash washer 620 is air-washed with ash washing gas through the ash washer 620, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas, from The recovery pipeline output specifically includes: passing the ash washing gas into the ash washer 620, using the ash washing gas to stir the dust inside the ash washer, and heating the dust at the same time, so that The cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline.

Optionally, in the above method, the heating is achieved by feeding ash washing gas with a temperature higher than that of the dust into the ash washer 620 to heat the dust; and/or, the heating is This is achieved by heating the dust through the heating structure arranged in the ash washer 620 .

Optionally, the dust in the ash washer 620 is air-washed with ash washing gas through the ash washer 620, so that the cleaning target in the dust is carried by the ash washing gas and output from the recovery pipeline Specifically, it includes: filtering and removing dust from the gas-solid two-phase flow output from the recovery pipeline through the ash unloading auxiliary filter 630, then directing the filtered airflow to the destination, and returning the dust to the ash washer 620, so that The above-mentioned destination may be the downstream conveying pipeline or receiving equipment of the dedusted gas of the deduster.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas pretreatment device in a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application. The flue gas pretreatment device shown in Figure 3 can be applied to the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Figure 1-2. Of course, the flue gas pretreatment device shown in FIG. 3 can also be applied to other yellow phosphorus flue gas purification systems, such as the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system disclosed by the applicant in patent documents CN103523762B and CN103508429B. In addition, the flue gas pretreatment device shown in Figure 3 can also be applied to similar industrial kiln flue gas purification systems or devices, such as purification devices for industrial kiln flue gas containing components that can precipitate tar. Obviously, the application of the flue gas pretreatment device shown in Fig. 3 may generally require modification or replacement of the original corresponding equipment.

As shown in Figure 3, the flue gas pretreatment device 200 includes an airflow buffer 210, an airflow buffer space is formed in the airflow buffer 210, and an air inlet 211 and an exhaust port 212 are provided on the airflow buffer space; In addition, an inner heat exchange channel 213 and an outer heat exchange channel 214 are provided in the airflow buffer space along the flue gas conveying direction. The input structure 215 is connected to the heat exchange medium output structure 216 , and a flue gas delivery channel 217 is formed between the inner heat exchange channel 213 and the outer heat exchange channel 214 .

The flue gas delivery channel 217 formed between the inner heat exchange channel 213 and the outer heat exchange channel 214 has a larger heat exchange area and more uniform heat transfer. Therefore, the heat exchange medium in the inner heat exchange channel 213 and the outer heat exchange channel 214 can use a heat exchange medium whose temperature is much lower than that of the electric heater (for example, nitrogen with a temperature of 200° C.), thus effectively solving the problem of The problem of concentrated heating to convert yellow phosphorus into red phosphorus is solved. At the same time, when the temperature fluctuation of the yellow phosphorus flue gas output by the phosphorus furnace 100 is large, the temperature fluctuation of the yellow phosphorus flue gas output through the flue gas delivery channel 217 is small, that is The flue gas pretreatment device 200 has a stronger adaptability to flue gas temperature fluctuations.

Optionally, the airflow buffer 210 includes an airflow buffer cylinder 218, the outer heat exchange channel 214 includes an interlayer arranged in the wall of the airflow buffer cylinder 218, and the airflow buffer cylinder 218 An inner heat exchange tube 219 is provided along the flue gas conveying direction, the inner heat exchange channel 213 includes the lumen of the inner heat exchange tube 219, and the bottom of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 is provided with the flue gas The unloading structure communicated with the conveying channel 217.

The discharge structure here can be connected to the ash washer 620 through a discharge valve, so as to perform ash discharge in the same manner as the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 .

Preferably, the inner heat exchange tube 219 is arranged coaxially with the central axis of the airflow buffer cylinder 218; an annular structure is formed between the inner wall of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and the inner heat exchange tube 219 Smoke delivery channel.

Preferably, a rake 220 is installed on the top of the airflow buffer cylinder 218, a part of the rake 220 is located in the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and has The first rake material cleaning structure 221 and the second rake material cleaning structure 222 matched with the outer wall of the inner heat exchange tube 219, the other part of the rake rack 220 is located outside the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and is in contact with The lifting drive mechanism is connected.

The lifting drive mechanism can drive the rake frame 220 up and down. When the rake frame 220 moves downward, the first rake cleaning structure 221 cleans the inner wall of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 from top to bottom along the inner wall of the airflow buffer cylinder 218, and at the same time, the second rake The dust cleaning structure 222 cleans the outer wall of the inner heat exchange tube 219 from top to bottom along the outer wall of the inner heat exchange tube 219 . In this way, the inner wall of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and the outer wall of the inner heat exchange tube 219 can be regularly cleaned by the rake frame 220 to rake off the attached dust to ensure the heat exchange efficiency.

In addition, as a further improvement to the above-mentioned flue gas pretreatment device, as shown in FIG. 3 , a flue gas separation structure 230 is provided in the flue gas delivery channel 217 to divide the flue gas delivery channel 217 into an inner delivery channel 217a and an outer delivery channel 217a. The delivery channel 217b, the inner delivery channel 217a and the outer delivery channel 217b are connected in series through the turning channel located in the airflow buffer space, the inner delivery channel 217a is located on the adjacent side of the inner heat exchange channel 213 , the outer delivery channel 217b is located on the adjacent side of the outer heat exchange channel 214 .

Specifically, the flue gas separation structure 230 includes a draft tube arranged coaxially with the inner heat exchange tube 219 and sleeved between the outer side of the inner heat exchange tube 219 and the inner side of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 An inner delivery channel 217a of annular structure is formed between the guide tube and the inner heat exchange tube 219, an outer delivery channel 217b of annular structure is formed between the guide tube and the airflow buffer cylinder 218, The inner conveying channel 217 a is connected in series with the outer conveying channel 217 b through the turning channel located at the end of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 .

More specifically, the air inlet 211 is located at the lower side of the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and communicates with the lower end of the draft tube, and the exhaust port 212 is located at the airflow buffer cylinder 218 and communicate with the lower end of the outer conveying channel 217b.

The flue gas delivery channel 217 is divided into an inner delivery channel 217a and an outer delivery channel 217b by the above-mentioned smoke separation structure 230, and the inner delivery channel 217a and the outer delivery channel 217b pass through a turning channel located in the airflow buffer space connected in series, the inner delivery channel 217a is located on the adjacent side of the inner heat exchange channel 213, and the outer delivery channel 217b is located on the adjacent side of the outer heat exchange channel 214, so that the overall flue gas delivery channel 217 The length is longer, and a layered heat exchange structure is formed between the inner delivery channel 217a and the inner heat exchange channel 213 and between the outer delivery channel 217b and the outer heat exchange channel 214. Therefore, the yellow phosphorus output from the exhaust port 212 The temperature of the flue gas is close to that of the heat exchange medium (such as nitrogen with a temperature of 200°C).

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Figure 4 is based on the above-mentioned yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system, and an tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 is added. The tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 is used to receive the Condensate the tail gas (mainly coal gas) of the recovery device 400, and control the tail gas within the required temperature range, and then transport it to the flue gas delivery between the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 In the passage, when the tail gas is mixed with the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace 100, the yellow phosphorus gas in the yellow phosphorus flue gas and the coal gas in the tail gas are stratified due to their respective specific gravity, and the gas passes through Layer of yellow phosphorus gas layer for insulation.

The inventor found that: in the existing yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system, there is an obvious layering phenomenon in the yellow phosphorus flue gas output by the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300, that is, because the specific gravity of the gas is lighter than that of the yellow phosphorus gas, the gas in the pipeline An upper layer of gas and a lower layer of yellow phosphorus gas will be formed. Therefore, the inventor thinks that the key to the stable operation of the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system is to ensure that the yellow phosphorus flue gas between the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 does not separate out liquid yellow phosphorus, otherwise it will affect the flue gas. The filter element in the air filter and dust removal device 300 causes severe pollution, which leads to a sharp drop in the filtration flux of the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 . To ensure that liquid yellow phosphorus does not separate out in the yellow phosphorus flue gas between the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300, the key is to heat and insulate the yellow phosphorus flue gas so that the temperature of the yellow phosphorus flue gas is always at yellow. above the dew point temperature of the phosphorus gas. The aforementioned purpose of setting the heat exchanger in the flue gas pretreatment device 200 (including the inner heat exchange channel 213 in the flue gas pretreatment device 200 shown in FIG. 3 ) is also for this purpose. And since there is above-mentioned stratification phenomenon, why not utilize this stratification phenomenon, carry out heating insulation to yellow phosphorus gas layer with coal gas layer? In this way, the yellow phosphorus flue gas between the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 can be heated and kept more uniformly, and even the heat exchanger in the flue gas pretreatment device 200 can be eliminated. Under such thinking, the above-mentioned tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 is designed.

Preferably, if the connection point between the tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 and the flue gas delivery channel is set as the starting point, and the yellow phosphorus flue gas output end of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device 300 is set as the ending point, then from There is no ascending section in the yellow phosphorus flue gas flow path from the starting point to the ending point. This promotes delamination.

Optionally, the tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 includes a tail gas return branch 610 connected to the tail gas output pipeline of the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400, and one end of the tail gas return branch 610 is connected to the yellow phosphorus condensation On the tail gas output pipe of the recovery device 400, the other end is connected to the flue gas delivery channel; on the tail gas return branch 610, a gas dehydrator 620 and a gas heater 630 are connected in series in sequence, and on the tail gas return branch 610 A cold gas regulating valve 640 is connected in parallel with the gas heater 630 .

The working principle of the above-mentioned tail gas temperature control and recycling device 600 is as follows: the tail gas output pipeline of the yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device 400 diverts one way of tail gas into the tail gas return branch 610, and the tail gas first passes through the gas dehydrator 620 in the tail gas return branch 610 (existing equipment, which can be purchased from the market) and then enter the gas heater 630 after drying, the gas heater 630 can heat the exhaust gas through the heat source (it can be electric heating, partition heat exchange, etc.), in this process, in order to accurately control the temperature of the exhaust gas , through the cold gas regulating valve 640, a part of the exhaust gas can be directly mixed with the exhaust gas heated by the gas heater 630 without passing through the gas heater 630. By adjusting the opening of the cold gas regulating valve 640, the mixing ratio can be controlled, thereby controlling the temperature of the exhaust gas . Generally, the tail gas is controlled to be 20°C-100°C higher than the dew point temperature of the yellow phosphorus gas, preferably 30°C-80°C higher than the dew point temperature of the yellow phosphorus gas, and then input to the phosphorus furnace 100 and the flue gas filter dust removal device In the flue gas delivery channel between 300.

Obviously, the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Figure 4 can be applied not only to the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in Figure 1-2, but also to other yellow phosphorus flue gas purification systems. At the same time, when applying the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system shown in FIG. 4 , the original yellow phosphorus flue gas heating facility located in front of the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 can be changed or canceled as required.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a flue gas filtration and dust removal device in a yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 6 is a left view of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device shown in Fig. 5 . Fig. 7 is a top view of the flue gas filtering and dust removal device shown in Fig. 5 . The flue gas filter and dust removal device shown in Figure 5-7 can be applied to any of the above-mentioned yellow phosphorus flue gas purification systems and can also be applied to other yellow phosphorus flue gas purification systems, such as the patent documents of the applicant with the announcement numbers CN103523762B and CN103508429B Yellow phosphorus flue gas purification system disclosed in. In addition, the flue gas filtering and dust removal device shown in Fig. 5-7 can also be applied to similar industrial kiln flue gas purification systems or devices. Obviously, the application of the flue gas filter and dust removal device shown in Figure 5-7 may usually require modification or replacement of the original corresponding equipment.

As shown in FIGS. 5-7 , the flue gas filtering and dust removal device includes a dust collector cylinder 310 and a filter element 320 . The inside of the dust collector cylinder 310 is divided into an upper cavity 313, a middle cavity 315 and a lower cavity 314 arranged sequentially from top to bottom through an upper partition member 311 and a lower partition member 312. There are respectively provided an intake structure of unfiltered smoke connected to the upper cavity 313, a filtered smoke exhaust structure connected to the middle cavity 315, and an exhaust structure connected to the lower cavity 314. gray structure. The filter element 320 has an air inlet 321, an exhaust port 322, and a flue gas channel 323 to be filtered that communicates with the air inlet 321 and the exhaust port 322. The air inlet 321 of the filter element 320 passes through the upper The partition part 311 is installed in the dust collector cylinder 310 and communicates with the upper cavity 313, and the exhaust port 322 of the filter element 320 is installed in the dust collector cylinder 310 through the lower partition part 312 and communicates with the upper cavity 313. The lower cavity 314 is connected, and a filtered flue gas channel is formed between the filter element 320 and the middle cavity 315 . Wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 is a slope surface, and the inclination direction of the slope surface can make the filtered smoke on the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 tend to flow in the direction of the filtered smoke exhaust structure. .

When the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dust removal device 300 is in operation, the flue gas to be filtered enters the upper cavity 313 from the gas intake structure to be filtered, and then flows downward from the air inlet 321 of the filter element along the flue gas channel 323 to be filtered. During this process, The filtered flue gas filtered through the filter element 320 enters the middle cavity 315 and then is discharged from the filtered flue gas exhaust structure. 322 discharge. Therefore, the above-mentioned flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 can use the flue gas to be filtered to help the filter element discharge ash and flush the filtering surface of the filter element, so as to achieve regeneration of the filter element 320 while filtering.

Since the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 is a slope, the inclination direction of the slope can make the filtered smoke on the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 tend to flow in the direction of the filtered smoke exhaust structure, thus, This structure can effectively avoid the accumulation of yellow phosphorus gas on the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 (the specific gravity of the yellow phosphorus gas is greater than that of the gas, so the yellow phosphorus gas is easy to accumulate at the bottom of the middle cavity 315), and prevent the dust collector cylinder 310 from leaking , when the flue gas filtering and dedusting device 300 is turned on and off, the filtered flue gas gathered on the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 mixes with air and explodes.

Optionally, the lower partition member 312 includes a lower partition plate on which the air outlet 322 of the filter element 320 is installed, and the lower partition plate constitutes the bottom surface of the middle cavity.

Optionally, the upper partition member 311 includes an upper partition plate, and the air inlet 321 of the filter element 320 is installed on the upper partition plate.

The lower partition plate and the upper partition plate are similar to the orifice plates in the bag filter, that is, a plurality of holes are distributed on the plate for matching with the ports (inlet 321 and exhaust port 322 ) of the filter element 320 .

Optionally, the intake structure of the flue gas to be filtered includes an intake pipe 330, the central axis of the intake pipe 330 is spatially perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder 310, and the intake pipe 330 The central axis is tangent to a circle formed with the central axis of the dust collector cylinder 310 as the center (as shown in FIG. 7 ).

The air intake structure of the to-be-filtered flue gas can make the filtered flue gas form a swirling flow in the upper cavity 313, so as to facilitate the escape of dust.

Optionally, the filtered flue gas exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe 340, the central axis of the exhaust pipe 340 is perpendicular to the central axis of the dust collector cylinder 310, and the exhaust The central axis of the pipe 340 is parallel to the central axis of the intake pipe 330 .

Optionally, the lower part of the dust collector cylinder 310 includes a conical cylinder 316 whose diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the bottom of the conical cylinder 316 is provided with the ash discharge structure.

The ash discharge structure here can be connected to the ash washer 620 through a discharge valve, so as to perform ash discharge in the same manner as the flue gas filter and dust removal device 300 .

Optionally, the filter element 320 is a tubular filter element, one end of which is the air inlet of the filter element and the other end is the exhaust port of the filter element. In addition, the filter element 320 may be a metal or ceramic filter element.

Preferably, the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 is composed of a first inclined plane 312a and a second inclined plane 312b, the first inclined plane 312a and the second inclined plane 312b intersect each other on a bottom ridgeline 312c, The bottom ridgeline 312c is inclined from top to bottom and constitutes the lowest position of the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315. The bottom edge of the gas exhaust structure intersects, and the upper end intersects with the inner wall of the cavity on the other side of the middle cavity 315 .

When the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 adopts the above-mentioned structure, the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 forms a tapered and inclined structure, which helps to make the yellow phosphorus gas gather on the upper part of the bottom ridge line 312c and flow into the filtered liquid along the inclined direction. The flue gas exhaust structure better prevents yellow phosphorus gas from accumulating at the bottom of the middle cavity 315 and is difficult to discharge.

When the bottom surface of the middle cavity 315 adopts the above-mentioned structure, when the filtered flue gas exhaust structure includes an exhaust pipe 340 and the central axis of the exhaust pipe 340 and the central axis of the dust collector cylinder 310 When they intersect perpendicularly, the first inclined plane 312a and the second inclined plane 312b are tangent to the edge of the exhaust pipe 340 (as shown in FIG. 6 ).

Preferably, the included angle between the bottom ridgeline 312c and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°, and the included angles between the first inclined plane 312a and the second inclined plane 312b and the horizontal plane are respectively 5°-10°.

Preferably, a filter regeneration device is provided in the upper cavity 313 or on the top of the upper cavity 313 . The filter element regeneration device here can be a traditional back-blowing regeneration device, or an ultrasonic soot blower 350 .

The content related to this application has been described above. Those skilled in the art will be able to implement the present application based on these descriptions. Based on the above content of this specification, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of patent protection.

Claims (9)

1. Yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment, including: The flue gas filtering and dust removal device is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the phosphorus furnace, and under the temperature condition that the yellow phosphorus in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is still in the gaseous state, the dust in the yellow phosphorus flue gas is filtered through the filter element Carry out physical interception, and then output the filtered and purified yellow phosphorus flue gas; The yellow phosphorus condensation recovery device is used to receive the yellow phosphorus flue gas from the flue gas filter and dust removal device, and directly or indirectly condense the yellow phosphorus flue gas through the cooling medium, so that the yellow phosphorus can be changed from a gaseous state to a liquid state and then stored in the In the yellow phosphorus tank, exhaust gas is output at the same time; It is characterized by: The flue gas filter and dust removal device includes: The cylinder body of the dust collector is divided into an upper cavity, a middle cavity and a lower cavity arranged sequentially from top to bottom through the upper partition part and the lower partition part, and the dust collector cylinder body is respectively equipped with The unfiltered flue gas intake structure communicated with the upper cavity, the filtered flue gas exhaust structure communicated with the middle cavity, and the ash discharge structure communicated with the lower cavity; A filter element, the filter element has an air inlet, an exhaust port, and a flue gas channel to be filtered that communicates with the air inlet and the exhaust port, and the air inlet of the filter element is installed on the In the cylinder of the dust collector and connected with the upper cavity, the exhaust port of the filter element is installed in the cylinder of the dust collector through the lower partition part and connected with the lower cavity, and the filter element is connected with the lower cavity. A filtered flue gas channel is formed between the middle cavities; Wherein, the bottom surface of the middle cavity is a slope surface, and the slope direction of the slope surface can make the filtered smoke on the bottom surface of the middle cavity tend to flow in the direction of the filtered smoke exhaust structure; In addition, the yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment also includes a flue gas pretreatment device arranged between the phosphorus furnace and the flue gas filtration and dust removal device, the flue gas pretreatment device includes an airflow buffer, and the airflow buffer An airflow buffer space is formed inside, and an air inlet and an exhaust port are arranged on the airflow buffer space, and an inner heat exchange channel and an outer heat exchange channel are arranged in the air flow buffer space along the flue gas conveying direction, and the inner heat exchange channel Both ends of the channel and the outer heat exchange channel are respectively connected to a heat exchange medium input structure and a heat exchange medium output structure, and a flue gas delivery channel is formed between the inner heat exchange channel and the outer heat exchange channel; The airflow buffer includes an airflow buffer cylinder, the outer heat exchange channel includes an interlayer arranged in the wall of the airflow buffer cylinder, and the airflow buffer cylinder is provided with an inner wall along the flue gas conveying direction. The heat exchange tube, the inner heat exchange channel includes the lumen of the inner heat exchange tube, and the bottom of the airflow buffer cylinder is provided with a discharge structure communicating with the flue gas delivery channel. 2. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lower partition member comprises a lower partition plate, the exhaust port of the filter element is installed on the lower partition plate, and the lower partition The partition plate constitutes the bottom surface of the middle cavity. 3 . The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the upper partition member includes an upper partition plate, and the air inlet of the filter element is installed on the upper partition plate. 4 . 4. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the intake structure of the flue gas to be filtered comprises an air intake pipe, the central axis of the air intake pipe and the central axis of the cylinder of the dust collector The space is vertical, and the central axis of the air inlet pipe is tangent to a circle formed with the central axis of the dust collector cylinder as the center. 5. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the filtered flue gas exhaust structure comprises an exhaust pipe, and the central axis of the exhaust pipe is connected to the center axis of the dust collector cylinder. The central axes are vertically intersecting, and the central axis of the exhaust pipe is parallel to the central axis of the intake pipe. 6. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the lower part of the dust collector cylinder comprises a tapered cylinder whose diameter gradually decreases from top to bottom, and the bottom of the tapered cylinder The ash discharge structure is provided. 7. yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described filter element is tubular filter element, and described tubular filter element one end is the air inlet of this filter element and the other end is the exhaust port of this filter element; And /Or, the filter element is a metal or ceramic filter element. 8. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification equipment according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the bottom surface of the middle cavity is composed of a first inclined plane and a second inclined plane, and the first inclined plane An inclined plane and the second inclined plane intersect each other on a bottom ridge line, the bottom ridge line is inclined from top to bottom and constitutes the lowest position of the bottom surface of the middle cavity, the lower end of the bottom ridge line and The bottom edge of the filtered flue gas exhaust structure intersects on the inner wall of one side of the middle cavity, and the upper end intersects with the inner wall of the other side of the middle cavity. 9. The yellow phosphorus flue gas purification device according to claim 8, characterized in that: the angle between the bottom ridgeline and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°, and the first inclined plane and the The included angle between the second inclined plane and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°.

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