CN115188991A - Hydrogen fuel cell device - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel cell device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115188991A CN115188991A CN202210151355.5A CN202210151355A CN115188991A CN 115188991 A CN115188991 A CN 115188991A CN 202210151355 A CN202210151355 A CN 202210151355A CN 115188991 A CN115188991 A CN 115188991A
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- hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen fuel cell device, which comprises at least one hydrogen fuel cell unit and at least one electrochemical hydrogen pump unit, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell device also comprises a hydrogen circulating pipeline; a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit outputs hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit to a hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit through a hydrogen circulation pipeline; and a hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit outputs the generated hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit through a hydrogen circulation pipeline. The hydrogen fuel cell device has the advantages that the hydrogen circulation mode of the integrated integration of the electrochemical hydrogen pump and the fuel cell is adopted, the hydrogen fuel cell device is high in integral integration level, low in noise, small in size and good in sealing performance, the hydrogen circulation quantity can be flexibly adjusted according to the output power requirement, the hydrogen self-circulation function of the hydrogen fuel cell device is optimized, and the hydrogen fuel cell device has high industrial popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell device.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuel hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy, and has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, less environmental pollution and the like. On the anode side of the hydrogen fuel cell, a chemical reaction occurs: h 2 →2H + +e - (ii) a On its cathode side, a chemical reaction takes place: 1/2O 2 +2H + →H 2 And (O). In the reaction process, water generated in the cathode region can permeate into the anode region, meanwhile, impurity gases such as nitrogen and the like in the air introduced into the cathode region can also permeate into the anode, and if the water and the impurity gases on the anode side cannot be discharged in time, the diffusion of fuel hydrogen to the electrode can be influenced, so that the chemical reaction is insufficient, and the discharge capacity of the hydrogen fuel cell is reduced.
The inside of the hydrogen fuel cell device is generally required to be provided with a hydrogen circulation system to circularly convey the hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the fuel cell to the fuel cell for re-reaction; the hydrogen gas circularly flows to carry out accumulated water and impurity gas, and is discharged to the external environment through an exhaust device. The hydrogen circulation system plays an important role in improving the utilization rate of hydrogen, improving the wetting performance of the galvanic pile and improving the water management capacity. However, the existing hydrogen circulation system is mainly carried out by using a hydrogen circulation pump or an ejector, and the hydrogen circulation pump has the disadvantages of large volume, high noise, difficult low-temperature start, easy hydrogen leakage and high cost; the ejector has low hydrogen circulation efficiency in a low-power section, and cannot meet the requirements of practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of large volume, low efficiency, poor reliability and high cost of a hydrogen circulation system of a hydrogen fuel cell device in the prior art, and provides the hydrogen fuel cell device.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell device, which comprises at least one hydrogen fuel cell unit and at least one electrochemical hydrogen pump unit, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell device also comprises a hydrogen circulating pipeline;
a hydrogen gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit outputs hydrogen gas that has not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit to a hydrogen gas inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit through the hydrogen gas circulation line;
and a hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit outputs the generated hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit through the hydrogen circulation pipeline.
Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell device comprises at least two hydrogen fuel cell units and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units; wherein all of the hydrogen fuel cell units are adjacently arranged and all of the electrochemical hydrogen pump units are adjacently arranged.
Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell device comprises at least two hydrogen fuel cell units and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units; the hydrogen fuel cell units and the electrochemical hydrogen pump units are alternately arranged.
Preferably, the hydrogen circulation pipeline comprises a gas collection pipeline and a gas supply pipeline; the gas collection pipeline is not communicated with the gas supply pipeline;
the gas collecting pipeline is used for outputting hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit to a hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit; the gas supply pipeline is used for outputting the hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit;
the hydrogen outlet of each hydrogen fuel cell unit and the hydrogen inlet of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit are respectively communicated with the gas collecting pipeline;
the hydrogen outlet of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit and the hydrogen inlet of each hydrogen fuel cell unit are respectively communicated with the air feeding pipeline.
Preferably, the number ratio of the hydrogen fuel cell units to the electrochemical hydrogen pump units is 2:1-10.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to the hydrogen required for the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell unit is 1:2-1.
Preferably, the hydrogen inlet and the hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit are both provided on the anode side of the hydrogen fuel cell unit.
Preferably, the hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is disposed at the anode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit; the hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is arranged at the cathode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit.
Preferably, a bipolar plate is disposed between the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit.
Preferably, the hydrogen fuel cell device further comprises an ejector; the ejector is connected with the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit in parallel;
the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit operates when the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell device is smaller than a preset power value, and the ejector operates when the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell device is larger than or equal to the preset power value, so that hydrogen circulation of the fuel cell device is realized.
The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows: the hydrogen fuel cell device of the invention realizes high integral integration level, low noise, small volume and good sealing performance of the hydrogen fuel cell by adopting the hydrogen circulation mode of the integrated integration of the electrochemical hydrogen pump and the fuel cell, can flexibly adjust the hydrogen circulation amount according to the output power requirement of the hydrogen fuel cell device, optimizes the hydrogen self-circulation function of the hydrogen fuel cell device and has stronger industrial popularization and application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another preferred embodiment of the hydrogen fuel cell device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment specifically provides a hydrogen fuel cell device, which includes at least one hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 and at least one electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2, and further includes a hydrogen gas circulation pipeline 3; a hydrogen gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 outputs hydrogen gas incompletely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 to a hydrogen gas inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 through a hydrogen gas circulation line 3; the hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 outputs the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 through the hydrogen circulation line 3.
The hydrogen fuel cell device in this embodiment is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy, and hydrogen emits electrons to the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cell device through an external load under the action of an anode catalyst. Hydrogen fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte fuel cells or proton exchange membrane fuel cells, employ a proton conductive polymer membrane as the electrolyte, and typically consist of a set of hydrogen fuel cell units to meet the demand of external electrical loads. In addition, the hydrogen fuel cell device is generally provided with functional modules such as hydrogen fuel storage, hydrogen gas circulation, air supply, temperature and humidity control, power control, and system control, thereby constituting a continuous and stable power supply. Based on the concept of the present invention, the present embodiment focuses on the specific arrangement of the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit, including the arrangement of the hydrogen circulation pipeline.
The hydrogen fuel cell device in the embodiment integrates the electrochemical hydrogen pump and the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously, the hydrogen circulation pipeline, the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen are arrangedThe integration of the pump units realizes the collection, utilization and delivery of hydrogen in each region, the anode hydrogen outlet of each hydrogen fuel cell unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump, and the hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with a hydrogen circulation pipeline, so that the circulation of hydrogen in the fuel cell system is realized. Hydrogen which is discharged from a hydrogen outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit and is not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit is output to a hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit through a hydrogen circulation pipeline; therefore, based on the technical design principle of the electrochemical hydrogen pump, under the action of direct current, hydrogen input into the electrochemical hydrogen pump is positioned on the positive electrode side of a proton exchange membrane, and can be dissociated into protons under the action of an electrocatalyst and is transmitted to the negative electrode side through the proton exchange membrane to regenerate the hydrogen, specifically, the positive electrode area reacts: h 2 →2H + +e - (ii) a And (3) reaction in a negative electrode area: 2H + +e - →H 2 . And then, the hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit outputs the generated hydrogen to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit through a hydrogen circulation pipeline, so that the dynamic and effective circulation of the internal hydrogen is realized.
As an alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the hydrogen fuel cell apparatus comprises at least two hydrogen fuel cell units 1 and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2; wherein, all the hydrogen fuel battery units 1 are adjacently arranged, and all the electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2 are adjacently arranged. It will be appreciated that the hydrogen fuel cell 1 and the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2 are physically separated by a bipolar plate 4, also called a collector plate, which is one of the important components of the fuel cell for separating fuel and oxidant and collecting and conducting current, and can distribute gas uniformly to the reaction layer of the electrode for electrode reaction. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, not only are bipolar plates 4 disposed between the hydrogen fuel cell units 1 and the electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2, but also the bipolar plates and other components are separated for each hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 and each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 by two sides, respectively. The hydrogen circulation line 3 collects hydrogen gas from the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 in the manner described above, and produces hydrogen gas after the reaction of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 to supply the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 for recycling. For a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell units 1 and electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2, the hydrogen circulation pipeline of the invention can realize a hydrogen transmission mechanism of multiple (hydrogen outlets) to multiple (hydrogen inlets) on the gas collection side and the gas delivery side.
As another alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the fuel cell apparatus comprises at least two hydrogen fuel cell units 1 and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2; the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 are alternately arranged. In the present embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell 1 and the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2 are physically separated from each other by the bipolar plate 4. The hydrogen circulation pipeline 3 collects the hydrogen of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 and produces hydrogen after the reaction of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 to supply the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 for recycling. For a plurality of hydrogen fuel cell units 1 and electrochemical hydrogen pump units 2, the hydrogen circulation pipeline of the invention can realize a many-to-many hydrogen transmission mechanism on the gas collection side and the gas supply side.
Specifically, for the above alternative embodiment, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the hydrogen circulation line 3 may include a gas collection line 31 and a gas supply line 32; the gas collection pipeline 31 is not communicated with the gas supply pipeline 32; the gas collection line 31 is used to output hydrogen gas that has not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 to the hydrogen gas inlet 21 of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2; the gas supply line 32 is used for outputting the hydrogen gas generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 to the hydrogen gas inlet 11 of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1; the hydrogen outlet 12 of each hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 and the hydrogen inlet 21 of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 are respectively communicated with a gas collecting pipeline 31; the hydrogen gas outlet 22 of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit 2 and the hydrogen gas inlet 11 of each hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 communicate with the gas feed pipe 32, respectively. Wherein, the hydrogen inlet 11 and the hydrogen outlet 12 of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1 are both arranged on the anode side of the hydrogen fuel cell unit 1; the hydrogen inlet 21 of the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2 is provided at the positive electrode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2; the hydrogen gas outlet 22 of the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2 is provided at the negative electrode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump cell 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit are arranged adjacently, the ratio of the number of the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is 2:1-10, and the volume ratio of hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to hydrogen required for the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell unit is 1:2-1. The electrochemical hydrogen pump is physically and electrically isolated from the hydrogen fuel cell unit, and independently supplies power through the system energy storage power supply and controls the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit to adjust the hydrogen circulation amount.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell units and the electrochemical hydrogen pump units are alternately arranged in an alternating and alternating manner, the ratio of the number of the units is 2:1-10, and the volume ratio of the hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to the hydrogen required by the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell units is 1:2-1. The electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is powered by the hydrogen fuel cell unit, and the hydrogen circulation amount of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is determined by the number proportion of the electrochemical hydrogen pump and the fuel cell unit.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit are arranged adjacently, the ratio of the number of the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is 5:1-10, the volume ratio of the hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to the hydrogen required by the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell unit is 1:5-1. The electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is physically and electrically isolated from the hydrogen fuel cell, and independently supplies power through a system energy storage power supply and controls the hydrogen circulation amount of the electrochemical hydrogen pump. Meanwhile, the electrochemical hydrogen pump is connected with the ejector in parallel. And in the low-power section, the hydrogen circulation is realized by the electrochemical hydrogen pump, and in the high-power section, the hydrogen circulation is realized by the ejector, so that the equipment cost of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit and the operation energy consumption of the electrochemical hydrogen pump are reduced. For example, when the preset power value is set, the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit operates when the output power of the fuel cell device is smaller than the preset power value, and the ejector operates when the output power of the fuel cell device is greater than or equal to the preset power value, so as to realize the hydrogen circulation of the fuel cell device.
The hydrogen fuel cell device of this embodiment realizes that the whole integrated level of hydrogen fuel cell is high, the noise is low, small, the leakproofness is good through adopting the integrated hydrogen circulation mode of electrochemistry hydrogen pump and fuel cell integration to can require nimble hydrogen circulation volume of adjusting according to the output of hydrogen fuel cell device, optimize the hydrogen self-loopa function of hydrogen fuel cell device, have stronger industry popularization and application and worth.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this is by way of example only, and that the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various changes and modifications to these embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A hydrogen fuel cell device comprising at least one hydrogen fuel cell unit and at least one electrochemical hydrogen pump unit, said hydrogen fuel cell device further comprising a hydrogen gas circulation line;
a hydrogen gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit outputs hydrogen gas incompletely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit to a hydrogen gas inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit through the hydrogen gas circulation line;
and a hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit outputs the generated hydrogen to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit through the hydrogen circulation pipeline.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 1, comprising at least two hydrogen fuel cell units and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units; wherein all of the hydrogen fuel cell units are adjacently disposed and all of the electrochemical hydrogen pump units are adjacently disposed.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 1, comprising at least two hydrogen fuel cell units and at least two electrochemical hydrogen pump units; the hydrogen fuel cell units and the electrochemical hydrogen pump units are alternately arranged.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hydrogen gas circulation line includes a gas collection line and a gas supply line; the gas collection pipeline is not communicated with the gas supply pipeline;
the gas collecting pipeline is used for outputting hydrogen which is not completely reacted in the hydrogen fuel cell unit to a hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit; the gas supply pipeline is used for outputting the hydrogen generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to a hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit;
the hydrogen outlet of each hydrogen fuel cell unit and the hydrogen inlet of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit are respectively communicated with the gas collecting pipeline;
the hydrogen outlet of each electrochemical hydrogen pump unit and the hydrogen inlet of each hydrogen fuel cell unit are respectively communicated with the air feeding pipeline.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 4, wherein the number ratio of the hydrogen fuel cell units to the electrochemical hydrogen pump units is 2:1-10.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 4, wherein the volume ratio of the hydrogen gas generated by the electrochemical hydrogen pump to the hydrogen gas required for the reaction of the hydrogen fuel cell unit is 1:2-1.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogen gas inlet and a hydrogen gas outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell unit are provided on an anode side of the hydrogen fuel cell unit.
8. A hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogen gas inlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is provided to a positive electrode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit; the hydrogen outlet of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit is arranged at the cathode of the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit.
9. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 1, wherein a bipolar plate is provided between the hydrogen fuel cell unit and the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit.
10. The hydrogen fuel cell device according to claim 2, further comprising an ejector; the ejector is connected with the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit in parallel;
the electrochemical hydrogen pump unit operates when the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell device is smaller than a preset power value, and the ejector operates when the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell device is larger than or equal to the preset power value, so that hydrogen circulation of the fuel cell device is realized.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210151355.5A CN115188991A (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | Hydrogen fuel cell device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210151355.5A CN115188991A (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | Hydrogen fuel cell device |
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| CN115188991A true CN115188991A (en) | 2022-10-14 |
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| CN202210151355.5A Pending CN115188991A (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | Hydrogen fuel cell device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115732726A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-03 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-02-17 CN CN202210151355.5A patent/CN115188991A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115732726A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-03 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
| CN115732726B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-08-15 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell anode tail gas treatment system device and tail gas treatment method thereof |
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