CN115176800B - 一种石墨烯抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115176800B CN115176800B CN202210907829.4A CN202210907829A CN115176800B CN 115176800 B CN115176800 B CN 115176800B CN 202210907829 A CN202210907829 A CN 202210907829A CN 115176800 B CN115176800 B CN 115176800B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- -1 hydroxyl modified graphene Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 58
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910001853 inorganic hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UKHWJBVVWVYFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Ag+] UKHWJBVVWVYFEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000191070 Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 Species 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009982 effect on human Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
为克服现有技术中石墨烯抗菌材料出现团聚脱落、易流失,难以使用的问题,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用;一种石墨烯抗菌剂,包括固定材料、羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,所述固定材料为水性高分子树脂;所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料包括羟基改性石墨烯、无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,所述无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物附着于所述羟基改性石墨烯的表面;本申请提供的石墨烯抗菌剂,羟基官能团能有效的固定无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,可以有效抑制石墨烯的团聚,进一步提升抗菌效果;固定材料能够将羟基改性石墨烯复合材料牢固附着在基材表面,形成长效抗菌层,产生持久稳定的抗菌效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种具有持久稳定抗菌效果的石墨烯抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
石墨烯具有良好的抗菌性能,纳米片状结构锐利的边缘能有效破坏细菌表面,抑制细菌生长或使细菌死亡,达到纯物理抗菌效果,不会让细菌产生耐药性,更为安全的同时也不会对人体产生副作用。因此,利用石墨烯纯物理抗菌效果得到抗菌的目的,是主要的研究方向。传统技术方案采用混合方式,将石墨烯与纳米银或纳米氧化物颗粒混合,经过研磨的方式得到石墨烯抗菌材料;纳米颗粒与石墨烯的结合不牢固,混合过程中会出现明显的石墨烯团聚、石墨烯与纳米颗粒分离现象,影响了抗菌性能的发挥,同时石墨烯与纳米材料极易流失,使抗菌效果难以保持。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中石墨烯抗菌材料出现团聚脱落、易流失,难以使用的问题,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂及其制备方法和应用。
为解决上述技术问题,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂,包括固定材料和羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,所述固定材料为水性高分子树脂;所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料包括羟基改性石墨烯、无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,所述无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物附着于所述羟基改性石墨烯的表面。
优选的,所述水性高分子树脂包括水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂、水性氟碳树脂和水性丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种;
所述无机氧化物包括氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛和氧化银中的一种或多种;所述氢氧化物包括氢氧化锌、氢氧化锆、氢氧化钛和氢氧化银中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述固定材料与所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料的质量比为(60:40)~(80:20)。
另一方面,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
向石墨烯粉体中加入双氧水与浓盐酸,搅拌均匀,反应1~4h后,洗涤得到羟基改性石墨烯;
将所述羟基改性石墨烯加入水中,混合均匀,得到羟基改性石墨烯分散液;
将金属盐加入所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入沉淀剂溶液进行沉淀反应,反应结束后,烘干或煅烧得到羟基改性石墨烯复合材料;向羟基改性石墨烯复合材料中加入水、水性高分子树脂,研磨均匀后得到石墨烯抗菌剂;
所述沉淀剂溶液为硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液。
优选的,所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液中的质量百分浓度为1~10%。
优选的,所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料为羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体或羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体;
所述金属盐包括氯化锌、四氯化钛、氯化锆和硝酸银中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述羟基改性石墨烯与所述金属盐的质量比为(1:0.1)~(1:1);
所述金属盐、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为(1:0.1:0.1:0.1)~(1:0.3:0.3:0.3)。
优选的,所述烘干温度为120℃~300℃,所述烘干时间为0.5~2h;所述煅烧温度为400℃~800℃,所述煅烧时间为10min~60min。
优选的,所述石墨烯抗菌剂的固含量为5%~40%。
另一方面,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂在织物、金属、陶瓷和塑料中的应用,所述石墨烯抗菌剂为上述所述的石墨烯抗菌剂,或所述石墨烯抗菌剂由上述所述的石墨烯抗菌剂制备方法制备得到。
有益效果:
本申请提供的石墨烯抗菌剂,羟基官能团能有效的固定无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,可以有效抑制羟基改性石墨烯的团聚,同时防止无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物与石墨烯分离脱落,羟基改性石墨烯与氧化物、氢氧化物具有协同抗菌作用,进一步提升抗菌效果;本申请提供的石墨烯抗菌剂通过喷涂、刷涂、滚涂、浸泡等方式施工于基材表面,干燥后,固定材料能够将羟基改性石墨烯复合材料牢固附着在基材表面,形成长效抗菌层,产生持久稳定的抗菌效果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本申请提供的一种石墨烯抗菌剂,包括固定材料、羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,所述固定材料为水性高分子树脂,所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料包括羟基改性石墨烯、无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,所述无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物附着于所述羟基改性石墨烯的表面。
具体的,石墨烯选择羟基改性石墨烯,表面含有羟基官能团,能有效的固定无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物,增强无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物与石墨烯的结合强度。与现有的纳米颗粒附着于石墨烯表面,本申请提供的羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,能够有效的防止无机氧化物和/或氢氧化物与石墨烯分离,提高羟基改性石墨烯复合材料的杀菌效果,同时无机氧化物和或氢氧化物附着于石墨烯表面,能够有效抑制石墨烯的团聚,维持石墨烯的抗菌效果。固定材料为水性高分子树脂,能够与羟基改性石墨烯复合材料良好结合,在水份蒸发后,固定材料能够将羟基改性石墨烯复合材料牢固附着在基材表面,产生稳定的抗菌效果。
在一些实施例中,所述水性高分子树脂包括水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂、水性氟碳树脂和水性丙烯酸树脂中至少一种,所述无机氧化物包括氧化锌、氧化锆、氧化钛和氧化银中的一种或多种,所述氢氧化物包括氢氧化锌、氢氧化锆、氢氧化钛和氢氧化银中的一种或多种。
具体的,无机氧化物、氢氧化物与羟基改性石墨烯都有明显的协同抗菌作用,本实施例提供的无机氧化物是通过氢氧化物煅烧得到。石墨烯抗菌剂涂覆于基材表面,干燥后,水性高分子树脂能够将羟基改性石墨烯复合材料牢固附着在基材表面,形成长效抗菌层,产生持久稳定的抗菌效果。
在一些实施例中,所述固定材料与所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料的质量比为(60:40)~(80:20)。固定材料的质量占比高于羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,保证固定材料能够与石墨烯良好的结合,从而得到固定材料能够将羟基改性石墨烯复合材料牢固附着在基材表面,形成长效的抗菌层,产生稳定持久的抗菌效果。
另一方面,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)向石墨烯粉体中加入双氧水与浓盐酸,搅拌均匀,反应1~4h后,洗涤得到羟基改性石墨烯。
2)将制备得到的羟基改性石墨烯加入水中,混合均匀,得到羟基改性石墨烯分散液。
3)将金属盐加入所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入沉淀剂溶液进行沉淀反应,反应结束后,烘干或煅烧得到羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,向羟基改性石墨烯复合材料中加入水、水性高分子树脂,研磨均匀后得到石墨烯抗菌剂。
所述沉淀剂溶液为硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液。
具体的,金属盐加入羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,搅拌均匀,金属离子与羟基官能团结合,之后加入沉淀剂溶液进行沉淀反应,沉淀剂溶液中含有氢氧根离子,生成氢氧化物沉淀,此时的羟基官能团与强氧化物沉淀牢固结合。沉淀剂溶液中的硼酸起到调节溶液pH值,碳酸钠起到辅助氢氧化物沉淀生成的作用,两者相互协同,有助于生成金属氢氧化物沉淀。
本申请提供的石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,制备工艺简单、时间短、成本低。
在一些实施例中,所述步骤2)中,所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液中的质量百分浓度为1~10%。
具体的,羟基改性石墨烯分散液中的质量百分浓度可以是1%、2.0%、2.8%、3.4%、4.2%、4.9%、5.1%、5.5%、6.0%、7.0%、7.5%、8.0%、8.4%、8.7%、9.0%、9.3%、9.6%、10.0%等,只要在1~10%的范围内即可。羟基改性石墨烯分散液的质量百分浓度低于1%,石墨烯抗菌剂中的固定量降低,石墨烯含量降低,抗菌效果降低。若浓度高于10%,石墨烯含量较高,制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂使用过程中,石墨烯容易团聚,降低石墨烯杀菌效果。
在一些实施例中,羟基改性石墨烯复合材料为羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体或羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体。具体的,羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体是由羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体经过煅烧得到。
在一些实施例中,所述步骤3)中金属盐包括氯化锌、四氯化钛、氯化锆和硝酸银中的一种或多种,所述羟基改性石墨烯与所述金属盐的质量比为(1:0.1)~(1:1),所述步骤3)中金属盐、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为(1:0.1:0.1:0.1)~(1:0.3:0.3:0.3)。
具体的,本实施例提供的金属盐与沉淀剂溶液反应后,易于回收,成本低。加入的金属盐,金属离子如锌离子、钛离子、锆离子、银离子在溶液中易于与羟基结合,沉淀剂溶液中的氢氧根与金属离子反应生成金属氢氧化物沉淀。
在一些实施例中,所述烘干温度为120℃~300℃,所述烘干时间为0.5~2h,所述煅烧温度为400℃~800℃,所述煅烧时间为10min~60min。
通过烘干步骤,制备得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体,煅烧步骤制备得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体。不论是羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体还是羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体,都具有较高的杀菌效果。
在一些实施例中,所述水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料的质量比为(60:40)~(80:20)。
水性高分子树脂的含量要高于羟基改性石墨烯复合材料,保证水性高分子树脂,能与石墨烯良好结合,在水分蒸发后,固定材料能将石墨烯牢固附着在物体表面,产生稳定的抗菌效果。
在一些实施例中,所述石墨烯抗菌剂的固含量为5%~40%。
制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂为液态,其固含量范围是5%~40%,如固含量可以是5%、10%、14%、19%、22%、26%、34%、36%、40%等。固含量高于40%,石墨烯含量较高,石墨烯易于团聚,同时不利于施工。固含量低于5%,羟基改性石墨烯复合材料含量降低,石墨烯抗菌剂的杀菌效果降低。
另一方面,本申请提供一种石墨烯抗菌剂在织物、金属、陶瓷和塑料中的应用,所述石墨烯抗菌剂为上述所述的石墨烯抗菌剂,或所述石墨烯抗菌剂由上述所述的石墨烯抗菌剂制备方法制备得到。
本申请提供的石墨烯抗菌剂是液态,可以通过喷涂、刷涂、滚涂、浸泡等方式施工于织物,金属,陶瓷,塑料等表面,并在抗菌液中水分蒸发后实现牢固附着,实现良好持久的抗菌效果。
下面将通过实施例对本发明的具体实施例方式做进一步的解释说明,但不表明本发明的保护范围限制在实施例所述范围内。
实施例和对比例中所使用的各种试剂均为普通市售产品。
实施例1
1)向石墨烯粉体中加入双氧水与浓盐酸,搅拌均匀,反应1h后,洗涤得到羟基改性石墨烯。
2)将步骤1)制备得到的羟基改性石墨烯加入水中,混合均匀,得到质量百分浓度为1.0%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液。
3)将氯化锌加入步骤2)的羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,其中羟基改性石墨烯与氯化锌的质量比为1:1,搅拌均匀。然后加入硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液进行沉淀反应,其中氯化锌、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为1:0.1:0.1:0.1,反应结束后,120℃条件下烘干,烘干时间为1h,得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化锌粉体,之后500℃条件下煅烧30min,得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化锌粉体。
向羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化锌粉体中加入水、水性高分子树脂,其中水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化锌粉体的质量比为60:40,研磨均匀后得到固含量为5.6%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例2
实施例2与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤2)中,得到质量百分浓度为5.0%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。实施例3
实施例3与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤2)中,得到质量百分浓度为10.0%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤2)中,得到质量百分浓度为0.6%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1的不同之处在于,步骤2)中,得到质量百分浓度为12%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例2的不同之处在于,步骤3)中,加入金属盐为氯化钛,羟基改性石墨烯与四氯化钛的质量比为1:0.8,加入的四氯化钛、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为1:0.28:0.27:0.28,其余制备方法与实施例2相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例7
实施例7与实施例6的不同之处在于,步骤3)中,加入金属盐为氯化钛,羟基改性石墨烯与四氯化钛的质量比为1:0.2,其余制备方法与实施例6相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例8
实施例8与实施例1的不同之处在于,水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比为50:50,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为47%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例9
实施例9与实施例1的不同之处在于,水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比为70:30,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为14%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例10
实施例10与实施例1的不同之处在于,水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比为80:20,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为26%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
实施例11
实施例11与实施例1的不同之处在于,水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比为85:15,其余制备方法与实施例1相同,研磨均匀后得到固含量为30%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
对比例1
1)向石墨烯粉体中加入水中,混合均匀,得到质量百分浓度为1.0%的石墨烯分散液。
2)将氯化锌加入步骤1)的石墨烯分散液中,其中石墨烯与氯化锌的质量比为1:1,搅拌均匀。然后加入硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液进行沉淀反应,其中氯化锌、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为1:0.1:0.1:0.1,反应结束后,120℃条件下烘干,烘干时间为1h,得到石墨烯氢氧化锌粉体,之后500℃条件下煅烧30min,得到石墨烯氧化锌粉体。
向石墨烯氧化锌粉体中加入水,研磨均匀后得到固含量为5.3%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
对比例2
1)向石墨烯粉体中加入双氧水与浓盐酸,搅拌均匀,反应1h后,洗涤得到羟基改性石墨烯。
2)将步骤1)制备得到的羟基改性石墨烯加入水中,混合均匀,得到质量百分浓度为1.0%的羟基改性石墨烯分散液。
3)将氯化锌加入步骤2)的羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,其中羟基改性石墨烯与氯化锌的质量比为1:1,搅拌均匀。然后加入硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液进行沉淀反应,其中氯化锌、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为1:0.1:0.1:0.1,反应结束后,120℃条件下烘干,烘干时间为1h,得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化锌粉体,之后500℃条件下煅烧30min,得到羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化锌粉体。
向羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化锌粉体中加入水,研磨均匀后得到固含量为5.0%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
对比例3
1)向石墨烯粉体中加入水中,混合均匀,得到质量百分浓度为1.0%的石墨烯分散液。
2)将氯化锌加入步骤1)的石墨烯分散液中,其中石墨烯与氯化锌的质量比为1:1,搅拌均匀。然后加入硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液进行沉淀反应,其中氯化锌、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为1:0.1:0.1:0.1,反应结束后,120℃条件下烘干,烘干时间为1h,得到石墨烯氢氧化锌粉体,之后500℃条件下煅烧30min,得到石墨烯氧化锌粉体。
向石墨烯氧化锌粉体中加入水、水性高分子树脂,其中水性高分子树脂与所述石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比为60:40,研磨均匀后得到固含量为6.0%的石墨烯抗菌剂。
测试石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌性能
参照GB/T 21866-2008规定的抗菌涂料(漆膜)抗细菌性测定方法测试实施例1-11和对比例1-3制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌性能。其中,实验菌种使用大肠杆菌ATCC8739,菌液浓度6.2×105CFU/mL,接触时间24h;测试的抗菌率结果见表1。
测试方法中,抗菌样品的制备方法不同,得到不同的抗菌性能。样品的大小相同,都是50mm×50mm;本申请选用四种不同样品,其制备方法如下。
样品1:将实施例1-11和对比例1-3制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂涂覆在基材上,基材可以选用水泥板、模板、金属板、塑料板、贴膜纸板,本次实验采用的基材是塑料板;采用GB/T 21866-2008规定的测试方法测试样品1的抗菌性能,得到抗菌剂的抗菌率,测试结果见表1。
样品2:将无纺布完全浸渍到实施例1-11和对比例1-3制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂中,之后取出无纺布,将多余的石墨烯抗菌剂挤出后自然干燥24h,得到样品2;采用GB/T21866-2008规定的测试方法测试样品2的抗菌率,测试结果见表1。
样品3:将无纺布完全浸渍到实施例1-11和对比例1-3制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂中,将多余的石墨烯抗菌剂挤出后自然干燥24h,之后用水清洗10次,得到样品3;采用GB/T21866-2008规定的测试方法测试样品3的抗菌率,测试结果见表1。
样品4:将无纺布完全浸渍到实施例1-11和对比例1-3制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂中,将多余的石墨烯抗菌剂挤出后自然干燥24h,之后用水清洗50次,得到样品4;采用GB/T21866-2008规定的测试方法测试样品4的抗菌率,测试结果见表1。
表1实施例1-11和对比例1-3抗菌性能测试数据表
通过表1知,实施例1与对比例1-3对比,对比例1中无羟基官能团和水性高分子树脂,抗菌率较差,同时水洗10次后、50次后的抗菌率也降低;对比例3中石墨烯表面无羟基官能团,水性10次后,抗菌率降低,水洗50次后,抗菌率降低到10.4%;说明石墨烯表面的羟基官能团能够大幅度提高石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌率,推测是羟基官能团能够有效的固定无机氧化物或氢氧化物,防止石墨烯抗菌剂的脱落、团聚,提高石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌效果。实施例1和对比例2对比,对比例2中无水性高分子树脂,无水洗时抗菌率还有97.0%,水洗50次后,抗菌率只有58%左右,推测水性高分子树脂起到将羟基改性石墨复合材料牢固附着在基材表面的作用,产生持久稳定的抗菌效果。
实施例4中的羟基改性石墨烯分散液的浓度低于实施例1-3,实施例5中的羟基改性石墨烯分散液的浓度高于实施例1-3,实施例4和实施例5制备得到的浸渍石墨烯抗菌剂的无纺布无论是水洗10次后还是水洗50次后,抗菌率都低于实施例1-3,推测羟基改性石墨烯分散液的浓度低于1%或者是浓度高于10%,都降低石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌性能。实施例9、10与实施例8和实施例11对比,实施例8和实施例11加入的水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比不在(60:40)~(80:20)范围内,浸渍有抗菌剂的无纺布水洗50次后,抗菌率小幅度降低;推测水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯氧化锌粉体的质量比在(60:40)~(80:20)范围内,有助于提高石墨烯抗菌剂的抗菌率。
通过实施例1-11知,制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂,水洗50次后,抗菌性能仍能达到95%以上的抗菌效果;但实施例1-3、7、9-10制备得到的石墨烯抗菌剂抗菌率更高,具有更好的抗菌效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
向石墨烯粉体中加入双氧水与浓盐酸,搅拌均匀,反应1~4h后,洗涤得到羟基改性石墨烯;
将所述羟基改性石墨烯加入水中,混合均匀,得到羟基改性石墨烯分散液;
将金属盐加入所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液中,搅拌均匀,然后加入沉淀剂溶液进行沉淀反应,反应结束后,烘干或煅烧得到羟基改性石墨烯复合材料;向羟基改性石墨烯复合材料中加入水、水性高分子树脂,研磨均匀后得到石墨烯抗菌剂;
所述金属盐为氯化锌、四氯化钛、氯化锆和硝酸银中的一种或多种;所述沉淀剂溶液为硼酸、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的混合溶液;所述水性高分子树脂与所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料的质量比为(60:40)~(80:20);所述羟基改性石墨烯分散液的质量百分浓度为1~10%;所述羟基改性石墨烯与所述金属盐的质量比为(1:0.1)~(1:1);
所述金属盐、硼酸、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的质量比为(1:0.1:0.1:0.1)~(1:0.3:0.3:0.3);所述煅烧温度为400℃~800℃,所述石墨烯抗菌剂的固含量为5%~40%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水性高分子树脂包括水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂、水性氟碳树脂和水性丙烯酸树脂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述羟基改性石墨烯复合材料为羟基改性石墨烯复合氧化物粉体和/或羟基改性石墨烯复合氢氧化物粉体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的石墨烯抗菌剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烘干温度为120℃~300℃,所述烘干时间为0.5~2h;所述煅烧时间为10min~60min。
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