CN115176754A - Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage - Google Patents
Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115176754A CN115176754A CN202210650004.9A CN202210650004A CN115176754A CN 115176754 A CN115176754 A CN 115176754A CN 202210650004 A CN202210650004 A CN 202210650004A CN 115176754 A CN115176754 A CN 115176754A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- feeding
- raw materials
- lactation stage
- mixed ration
- total mixed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000209219 Hordeum Species 0.000 claims description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding method for dairy cows in a lactation stage in a high-altitude area, which comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, sieving to remove impurities; step three, mixing and stirring; step four, screening and checking; fifthly, grouping the cows; step six, preparing fine materials; step seven, feeding daily; step eight, observing and adjusting; the method selects, removes impurities and magnetically separates the raw materials of the total mixed ration, removes the impurities, ensures the quality of the total mixed ration, adjusts the proportion of the total mixed ration according to the daily ingestion condition, ensures the palatability of the total mixed ration suitable for the holstein cattle at the lactation stage, prepares the concentrate by taking the highland barley as the main raw material, is suitable for feeding the holstein cattle at the high altitude area, adds special concentrate for feeding the holstein cattle at the lactation stage after 21d, is favorable for balancing nutrition, improves the milk yield, improves the energy negative balance problem after delivery, and increases the milk yield of the dairy cattle at the Tibet area to 14.5kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural breeding, in particular to a feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude regions at the lactation stage.
Background
Holstein cows are the most large dairy cow varieties in China at present, the lactation stage is the most important stage in the growth and development of cows, the key point for improving the milk yield is to make nutrition regulation and control work on the lactating cows, and the breeding conditions of the cows in plateau areas are severer.
The plateau area has high altitude and bad weather, and the formula of the total mixed ration suitable for the plain area is not suitable for the Hostan cows in the plateau area, can cause the problems of energy negative balance and the like in the lactation stage of the Hostan cows, and is difficult to adapt to the feeding conditions of the plateau area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feeding method for dairy cows in a lactation stage in a high-altitude area, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in a lactation stage comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, sieving to remove impurities; step three, mixing and stirring; step four, screening and checking; fifthly, grouping the cows; step six, preparing fine materials; step seven, feeding daily; step eight, observing and adjusting; step nine, expelling parasites and protecting health; step ten, cleaning and maintaining;
in the first step, firstly, according to the formula of the total mixed ration, coarse feeds such as highland barley straws and hay and fine feeds such as highland barley and soybean meal are selected from the local place to serve as raw materials, the raw materials must be pollution-free, residue-free and nuisanceless feed resources, rain-caused fermentation, mildew pollution and insect damage are prevented in the process of storing and transporting the raw materials, and the raw materials are weighed for later use according to the formula of the total mixed ration after being selected;
in the second step, after the raw materials in the first step are selected and weighed, a vibrating screen is selected, all the raw materials are respectively screened, impurities such as stones and soil are removed, the screened raw materials are subjected to magnetic separation by a magnetic separator, metal objects such as iron nails and iron sheets are removed, and the raw materials are reserved;
in the third step, a TMR stirring truck is taken, the raw materials which are sieved and subjected to impurity removal in the second step are sequentially added into the TMR stirring truck according to the principle of drying firstly and then wetting, lightening firstly and then weighting, and lengthening firstly and then shortening, stirring is carried out for 2-3min, another raw material is added after the raw materials are uniformly stirred, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 3-8min after the last raw material is added until the raw materials are uniformly mixed, loose and non-separation are carried out, the color is uniform, fresh and non-heating are carried out, no peculiar smell is produced, no caking is produced, and the standard full-mixed ration is prepared for later use;
in the fourth step, after the preparation of the total mixed ration in the third step is finished, the prepared total mixed ration is ensured to meet the eating standard of the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage by utilizing the agricultural screening and testing, and the prepared total mixed ration is reserved after being tested to be qualified;
in the fifth step, before feeding, the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are grouped according to data such as age, fetal times, weight, milk yield, milk components, pregnancy days, body condition scores and the like of the holstein cattle in the lactation stage, and the holstein cattle in the lactation stage with the same or similar conditions are grouped into a group, so that the holstein cattle can be fed respectively according to different conditions;
selecting proper amount of rapeseed cakes, soybean meal, highland barley, corn silage, highland barley straw, baking soda, salt and oat in the sixth step, feeding the raw materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to prepare a special concentrate for later use;
in the seventh step, after the total mixed ration in the third step and the special concentrate in the sixth step are prepared, feeding the total mixed ration normally 1-21d after the cow is born, ensuring that the total mixed ration is fed fully, feeding the holstein cow with 1.5-2kg of the special concentrate every day at each lactation stage when the cow is born at 21d, and adding 0.4-0.5kg of the special concentrate every day compared with the previous day until the milk yield is stable;
in the eighth step, when the holstein cattle are fed normally in the seventh step every day, the situation of feeding of the holstein cattle in the lactation stage is observed every day, the nutritional ingredients of the total mixed ration before and after feeding are consistent in the trough, the remaining food is ensured to be within 5%, otherwise, the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are selected, and the proportion of the total mixed ration is required to be adjusted according to the situation of the remaining feed in the trough until the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are determined to have no picky food phenomenon.
Preferably, in the first step, the length of the highland barley feed is 1-2cm, the length of the hay is 1-1.5cm, and the water content of the dreg raw materials is kept at 60-65%.
Preferably, in the second step, the time for vibration screening is 10-20min, and the time for magnetic separation by the magnetic separator is 5-10min.
Preferably, in the third step, the total mixed ration contains over 12% of roughage with the particle size of more than 4cm, and the water content of the total mixed ration is between 45% and 55%.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the screening standard of the agricultural large scale is that the first layer accounts for 5-10%, the second layer accounts for 30-40%, the third layer accounts for 20-30% and the bottommost layer accounts for 30-40%.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the mass part ratio of the rapeseed cakes, the soybean meal, the highland barley, the corn silage, the highland barley straws, the baking soda, the salt and the oats is 1: 2.5: 5: 10: 0.5: 0.015: 0.5.
Preferably, in the step eight, if the trough digs and eats, the full mixed ration is separated from the forage grass, and the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are selected to eat the concentrated feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the breeding method is simple and scientific, and the healthy growth of the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage is ensured and the influence of health problems on milk yield is reduced by the daily scientific breeding of regular and quantitative feeding, insect expelling and health care, clean maintenance and the like;
2. according to the method, the raw materials of the total mixed ration are selected, subjected to impurity removal and magnetic separation, so that the impurities in the total mixed ration are effectively removed, the quality of the total mixed ration is guaranteed, meanwhile, the proportion of the total mixed ration is adjusted according to the daily feeding condition, and the taste of the total mixed ration, which is suitable for the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage, is guaranteed;
3. in the process of preparing the total mixed ration, the highland barley is added as a raw material, the total mixed ration is suitable for the taste of high-altitude cows and is beneficial to improving the eating quality of Holstein cows in a lactation stage, meanwhile, a special stirring process is adopted, the prepared total mixed ration has uniform color, is fresh, does not generate heat, has no peculiar smell and does not cake, the water content is 45-55 percent, the milk yield of the cows is improved, the problem of energy negative balance after delivery is solved, and the milk yield of the cows in the Tibet area is increased to 14.5kg;
4. according to the invention, highland barley is used as a main raw material to prepare the concentrate, and the concentrate is added to feed Holstein cows in the lactation stage after calving of 21d, so that the nutrition is balanced and the milk yield is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention: a feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in a lactation stage comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, sieving to remove impurities; step three, mixing and stirring; step four, screening and checking; fifthly, grouping the cows; step six, preparing fine materials; step seven, feeding daily; step eight, observing and adjusting; step nine, expelling parasites and protecting health; step ten, cleaning and maintaining;
in the first step, highland barley straws, hay and other coarse feeds, highland barley, soybean meal and other fine feeds are selected from the local according to a formula of a fully-mixed daily ration to serve as raw materials, the length of the highland barley feeds is 1-2cm, the length of the hay is 1-1.5cm, the moisture of the dreg type raw materials is kept at 60-65%, the raw materials are pollution-free, residue-free and pollution-free feed resources, rain-drench fermentation, mildew pollution and insect damage are prevented in the process of storing and transporting the raw materials, and the raw materials are weighed for later use according to the formula of the fully-mixed daily ration after being selected;
in the second step, after the raw material selection and weighing in the first step are finished, selecting a vibrating screen, respectively screening the raw materials, removing impurities such as stones and soil in the raw materials, carrying out magnetic separation on the screened raw materials by using a magnetic separator, removing metal objects such as iron nails and iron sheets in the raw materials, wherein the time of the vibration screening is 10-20min, the time of the magnetic separation by the magnetic separator is 5-10min, and reserving the raw materials after the magnetic separation is finished;
in the third step, a TMR stirring truck is used, the raw materials which are sieved and subjected to impurity removal in the second step are sequentially added into the TMR stirring truck according to the principle of drying firstly and then wetting, lightening firstly and then weighting, and lengthening firstly and then shortening, one raw material is added and stirred for 2-3min, the other raw material is added after stirring is uniform, and the stirring is continued for 3-8min after the last raw material is added until all the raw materials are uniformly mixed, loose and not separated, uniform in color, fresh and not heated, free from peculiar smell and caking, so that the standard total mixed ration is prepared for later use, the total mixed ration contains more than 12% of coarse feed with the particle size of more than 4cm, and the water content of the total mixed ration is 45-55%;
in the fourth step, after the preparation of the total mixed ration in the third step is finished, the prepared total mixed ration is ensured to meet the eating standard of the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage by utilizing the large agricultural screening test, and the large agricultural screening test standard comprises 5-10% of the first layer, 30-40% of the second layer, 20-30% of the third layer and 30-40% of the bottommost layer, and the total mixed ration is reserved after being tested to be qualified;
in the fifth step, before feeding, the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are grouped according to data such as age, fetal number, weight, milk yield, milk components, pregnancy days, body condition scores and the like of the holstein cattle in the lactation stage, and the holstein cattle in the lactation stage with the same or similar conditions are grouped into a group, so that the holstein cattle can be fed respectively according to different conditions;
in the sixth step, selecting a proper amount of rapeseed cakes, soybean meal, highland barley, corn silage, highland barley straws, baking soda, salt and oats, wherein the mass part ratio of the rapeseed cakes, the soybean meal, the highland barley, the corn silage, the highland barley straws, the baking soda, the salt and the oats is 1: 2.5: 5: 10: 0.5: 0.015: 0.5, feeding the raw materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to prepare a special concentrate for later use;
in the seventh step, after the total mixed ration in the third step and the special concentrate in the sixth step are prepared, feeding the total mixed ration normally 1-21d after the cow is born, ensuring that the total mixed ration is fed fully, feeding the holstein cow with 1.5-2kg of the special concentrate every day at each lactation stage when the cow is born at 21d, and adding 0.4-0.5kg of the special concentrate every day compared with the previous day until the milk yield is stable;
in the eighth step, when the feeding is normally carried out every day in the seventh step, the situation of feeding of the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage is observed every day, the nutritional ingredients of the total mixed ration before and after the feeding are consistent in the trough, the condition that the residual feed is within 5% is ensured, otherwise, the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage are on the pickles, and the trough is dug to eat, the separation of the feed and the grass of the total mixed ration is ensured, the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage pickles the concentrate, the proportion of the total mixed ration needs to be adjusted according to the situation of the residual feed in the trough, and the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage does not have the pickles phenomenon.
Based on the above, the full-mixed daily ration has the advantages that before the full-mixed daily ration is manufactured, all raw materials are carefully selected, vibration screening and magnetic separation are performed, sundries such as stones and iron nails in the full-mixed daily ration are effectively removed, the purity of the full-mixed daily ration is favorably improved, the situation that the sundries scratch a Holstein cow in a lactation stage is avoided, meanwhile, in the manufacturing process of the full-mixed daily ration, a scientific stirring process is adopted, the manufactured full-mixed daily ration is uniform in color, fresh, free of heat, free of peculiar smell and free of agglomeration, the milk yield of the milk cow is improved, the problem of postpartum energy negative balance is solved, the milk yield of the milk cow in a Tibet area is increased to 14.5kg, adjustment is performed according to the actual situation of a plateau area, highland barley is added as the raw materials, the taste of the highland barley is suitable for high-altitude milk cows, the appetite of the Holstein cow in the lactation stage is favorably improved, and the milk yield of the highland barley cow is greatly improved after the Holstein cow in the lactation stage is fed for 21 d.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in a lactation stage comprises the following steps: selecting raw materials; step two, sieving to remove impurities; step three, mixing and stirring; step four, screening and checking; fifthly, grouping the cows; step six, preparing fine materials; step seven, feeding daily; step eight, observing and adjusting; step nine, expelling parasites and protecting health; step ten, cleaning and maintaining; the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, firstly, coarse feeds such as highland barley straws and hay and fine feeds such as highland barley and soybean meal are selected from the local according to the formula of the total-mixed ration as raw materials, the raw materials are pollution-free, residue-free and nuisanceless feed resources, rain-drench fermentation, mildew pollution and insect damage are prevented in the process of storing and transporting the raw materials, and the raw materials are weighed for later use according to the formula of the total-mixed ration after being selected;
in the second step, after the raw materials in the first step are selected and weighed, a vibrating screen is selected, the raw materials are respectively screened to remove impurities such as stones and soil, the screened raw materials are subjected to magnetic separation by a magnetic separator after the selection is finished, metal objects such as iron nails and iron sheets are removed, and the raw materials are used for standby after the selection is finished;
in the third step, a TMR stirring truck is taken, the raw materials which are sieved and subjected to impurity removal in the second step are sequentially added into the TMR stirring truck according to the principle of drying firstly and then wetting, lightening firstly and then weighting, and lengthening firstly and then shortening, stirring is carried out for 2-3min, another raw material is added after the raw materials are uniformly stirred, and the stirring is continuously carried out for 3-8min after the last raw material is added until the raw materials are uniformly mixed, loose and non-separation are carried out, the color is uniform, fresh and non-heating are carried out, no peculiar smell is produced, no caking is produced, and the standard full-mixed ration is prepared for later use;
in the fourth step, after the preparation of the total mixed ration in the third step is finished, the prepared total mixed ration is ensured to meet the eating standard of the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage by utilizing the agricultural screening and testing, and the prepared total mixed ration is reserved after being tested to be qualified;
in the fifth step, before feeding, the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are grouped according to data such as age, fetal times, weight, milk yield, milk components, pregnancy days, body condition scores and the like of the holstein cattle in the lactation stage, and the holstein cattle in the lactation stage with the same or similar conditions are grouped into a group, so that the holstein cattle can be fed respectively according to different conditions;
selecting proper amount of rapeseed cakes, soybean meal, highland barley, corn silage, highland barley straw, baking soda, salt and oat in the sixth step, feeding the raw materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing to prepare a special concentrate for later use;
in the seventh step, after the total mixed ration in the third step and the special concentrate in the sixth step are prepared, feeding the total mixed ration normally 1-21d after the cow is born, ensuring that the total mixed ration is fed fully, feeding the holstein cow with 1.5-2kg of the special concentrate every day at each lactation stage when the cow is born at 21d, and adding 0.4-0.5kg of the special concentrate every day compared with the previous day until the milk yield is stable;
in the eighth step, when the holstein cattle are fed normally in the seventh step every day, the situation of feeding of the holstein cattle in the lactation stage is observed every day, the nutritional ingredients of the total mixed ration before and after feeding are consistent in the trough, the remaining food is ensured to be within 5%, otherwise, the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are selected, and the proportion of the total mixed ration is required to be adjusted according to the situation of the remaining feed in the trough until the holstein cattle in the lactation stage are determined to have no picky food phenomenon.
2. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the length of the highland barley feed is 1-2cm, the length of the hay is 1-1.5cm, and the water content of the dreg raw materials is kept between 60 and 65 percent.
3. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the time of vibration screening is 10-20min, and the time of magnetic separation by a magnetic separator is 5-10min.
4. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the total mixed ration contains over 12 percent of coarse fodder with the grain size of more than 4cm, and the water content of the total mixed ration is 45-55 percent.
5. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, the agricultural screening standard is that the first layer accounts for 5-10%, the second layer accounts for 30-40%, the third layer accounts for 20-30% and the bottommost layer accounts for 30-40%.
6. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: in the sixth step, the mass portion ratio of the rapeseed cake, the soybean meal, the highland barley, the corn silage, the highland barley straw, the baking soda, the salt and the oat is 1: 2.5: 5: 10: 0.5: 0.015: 0.5.
7. The method for feeding dairy cows at the lactation stage in high altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein: and in the step eight, when the trough digs holes and eats the feed, the separation of the feed and the grass of the total mixed ration is indicated, and the Holstein cattle in the lactation stage feed the concentrated feed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210650004.9A CN115176754A (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210650004.9A CN115176754A (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115176754A true CN115176754A (en) | 2022-10-14 |
Family
ID=83514322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210650004.9A Pending CN115176754A (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2022-06-10 | Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115176754A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171414A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 天津正大饲料科技有限公司 | Total mixed ration for dairy cows in later perinatal period and preparation method thereof |
| CN105432988A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | TMR daily ration for improving productivity of yaks in cold seasons, and feeding method thereof |
| KR101959954B1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-03-19 | 안광태 | Feed transport conveyer able to select iron waste and prevent pollution |
| CN110292114A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-10-01 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of fermented feed that Yak Growth performance can be improved |
| CN113133500A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease, use method thereof and feed |
-
2022
- 2022-06-10 CN CN202210650004.9A patent/CN115176754A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104171414A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-12-03 | 天津正大饲料科技有限公司 | Total mixed ration for dairy cows in later perinatal period and preparation method thereof |
| CN105432988A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-03-30 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | TMR daily ration for improving productivity of yaks in cold seasons, and feeding method thereof |
| KR101959954B1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-03-19 | 안광태 | Feed transport conveyer able to select iron waste and prevent pollution |
| CN110292114A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-10-01 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | A kind of fermented feed that Yak Growth performance can be improved |
| CN113133500A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-20 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | Feed additive for relieving cow altitude disease, use method thereof and feed |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨鸿斌: "肉牛标准化生态养殖与保健新技术", 30 November 2020, 宁夏人民出版社, pages: 93 - 96 * |
| 罗布;杰布;巴桑旺堆;: "不同营养组合对西藏中国荷斯坦杂交改良奶牛产奶量的影响", 现代畜牧兽医, no. 06, 15 June 2017 (2017-06-15), pages 22 - 26 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI765899B (en) | Poultry feed, method for increasing gizzard weight of poultry, and method for raising poultry | |
| CN100421569C (en) | Straw composite granular feedstuff and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107259137A (en) | A kind of china holstein cowses feed of subtropical zone | |
| CN105533291A (en) | Non-fish-meal and non-bean-meal compound feed suitable for yellow river carps and preparation method thereof | |
| US20200404949A1 (en) | Enhanced milk production effienciency in dairy cows | |
| CN108077168A (en) | A kind of method for raising dairy cattle | |
| CN107114572A (en) | Beef ox fattening diet and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106509500A (en) | Compound feed for juvenile carps and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115176754A (en) | Feeding method for dairy cows in high-altitude areas in lactation stage | |
| CN105532578B (en) | A kind of beef ox fattening method and beef acid discharge method | |
| CN107996832A (en) | A kind of grass carp, carp, crucian, flower silver carp intercropping feed and its intercropping method | |
| CN108244400A (en) | A kind of compound feed for snakeheads and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106306446A (en) | TMR (total mixed ration) biological granular feed for sheep and preparation method of TMR biological granular feed | |
| KR20110017400A (en) | A prepared feed for a ruminant and a method for preparing the feed and a digestion enhancing forage material | |
| CN103976180A (en) | Beef cattle feed attractant and preparation method thereof | |
| Srour et al. | Performance of Lactating Buffaloes as Affected by Partial Substation of Berseem by Maize and Maize Teosinte Hybrid Silage During Winter Season in Egypt. | |
| CN106942145A (en) | The feeding method of one broad sow | |
| Brand et al. | Use of varying combinations of energy and protein sources as supplementary feed for lambing ewes grazing cereal stubble | |
| CN112998145A (en) | Mutton sheep full-mixed pellet feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101461468B (en) | Complete compound feed prescription for young postlarva of Tilapia | |
| CN106376519A (en) | Guinea pig breeding method | |
| Değirmencioğlu | Possibility of using quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as an alternative energy source in the goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) diet | |
| CN101756054A (en) | Green chicken feed | |
| Mekasha et al. | Variations in nutrient intake of dairy cows and feed balance in urban and peri-urban dairy production systems in Ethiopia | |
| CN109644938A (en) | A kind of aardvark breed improvement method based on feeding |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |