CN115160206A - 一种吡咯、苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃化合物α位直接胺化的方法 - Google Patents
一种吡咯、苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃化合物α位直接胺化的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
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- C07D307/78—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans
- C07D307/82—Benzo [b] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [b] furans with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
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Abstract
一种吡咯、苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃化合物α位直接胺化的方法,α位胺化产物的结构经过1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、X‑ray等方法进行表征并得以确认。本发明使用了不同取代的的吡咯或苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃类化合物与醌双亚胺系列化合物在适宜的有机溶剂里,并以微量Lewis酸作为催化剂,于室温条件下进行充分反应,实现了吡咯或苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃类化合物α位进行一步胺化,最终生成一系列吡咯或苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃类化合物α位C‑N键偶联的衍生物。相较于之前报导的一系列杂环芳烃α位C‑N键构建的方法,本发明方法具有反应条件温和、操作简便、反应速率快、产品收率高、分离提纯容易等诸多优点,并且通过试验表明可以轻松地实现克级规模的反应,有期望实现较大规模工业化的制备。科学表明,具有C‑N骨架杂环芳烃类衍生物在自然界有着极其广泛的生物活性,该特点可以使之在天然产物合成、化工原料、农药、医药研发等众多领域中有非常好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学技术领域,具体涉及吡咯、苯并呋喃类杂环芳烃化合物α位直接胺化的方法。
背景技术
杂环类化合物是自然界中广泛存在、分布的天然有机物,如吡咯、呋喃、噻吩以及吲哚、苯并呋喃、苯并噻吩等化合物作为最常见的基本单元结构广泛存在于化工原料、天然产物、医药抗生素中,是在进行有机合成过程中必不可少的重要单元结构之一。这类杂环芳烃的主要特点是α位较为活泼,容易进行亲电取代反应。因此,化学科研工作者们经过不断对杂环芳烃类化合物α位进行官能团化的研究,成功实现了杂环芳烃α位C-C键、C-S键以及C-B键的构建,然而,反应中较难控制的化学选择性和空间选择性使得杂环芳烃类化合物C-N键构建具有一定难度,所以,杂环芳烃α位C-N键构建的实例至今都是凤毛麟角。因此,对于杂环芳烃衍生物C-N键的直接构建已经引起了化学科研工作者们的极大兴趣,尤其是在杂环芳烃类化合物上直接一步胺化的方法对于化学科研工作者们是一个极具挑战性的工作。所以,通过方法学研究杂环芳烃类化合物α位C-N键的构建具有非常深远的意义。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种在微量Lewis酸作为催化剂的条件下快速、简便、高效地实现杂环芳烃类化合物α位一步胺化的方法,从而合成一系列杂环芳烃α位含C-N键骨架的衍生物;相比于之前所报导的类似的合成条件,本发明所实现的合成条件具有更加新颖、操作简便、反应条件温和、反应速率快、产品收率高等诸多优点,且原料和催化剂都是廉价易得的,反应适用范围也较其他方法更加广泛。
本发明是使用商业购买取得的各类吡咯或苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃类化合物A 与本课题组合成的醌双亚胺B在Lewis酸作为催化剂的条件下通过1,6-加成的反应机理实现杂环芳烃α位直接胺化,得到胺化产物C,合成技术路线如下图Scheme2,其中X为N、O、S杂原子中的一种,R1、R3为杂环或苯环上的-CH3、 -OCH3、-tBu的供电子基团或-F、-Cl、-Br的吸电子基团;R2为X上的保护基团 (例如甲基、乙基、苄基等保护基),R4为N原子上的各类磺酰基团(例如对甲苯磺酰基、对硝基苯磺酰基、对苯基苯磺酰基、甲基磺酰基或对甲氧基苯磺酰基等)。
Scheme 2杂环芳烃类化合物α位胺化合成技术路线
具体步骤:
(1)于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入杂环芳烃类化合物(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺系列化合物(0.24 mmol)以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;
(2)反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到产物。
吡咯、吲哚、苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃是非常重要的有机化工中间体,同时也是化学工业和医药研制领域上的重要原料。在药物化学的合成、天然产物的修饰以及生物分子的设计等诸多方面,C-N骨架分子都扮演着十分重要的角色,尤其是含C-N骨架的杂环芳烃类化合物凸显出更为加强烈的生物活性和药理作用。本课题组合成的醌双亚胺系列化合物可以作为一种十分活泼的亲电试剂,在微量 Lewis酸作为催化剂的条件下,可直接在杂环芳烃类化合物α位进行1,6-加成反应,进而高效、便捷地实现α位C-N键的构建,合成一系列杂环芳烃α位胺化的衍生物。本发明的创新点就在于我们开发的醌双亚胺可作为一种特殊的胺化试剂,该试剂可对多数杂环芳烃烯烃键的位置进行直接胺化反应,并合成稳定的C-N骨架杂环芳烃类衍生物。较之前报导的杂环芳烃类化合物进行C-N键构建的方法具有更加新颖、绿色环保、适用范围广范、胺化选择性高的特点,是一种崭新的杂环芳烃α位C-N键构建的方法;于此同时,本课题组合成的醌双亚胺这类胺化试剂相较于一些之前已经报导过部分的胺化试剂,其不需要外加氮源,可直接作为有效的氮源进行胺化,且胺化效率更高,也更加经济。该方法还具有高度选择性和反应速率快的优点,同时也能轻松地实现克级规模反应,而且规模化的应用也表现出较高收率,揭示了这一胺化反应的应用具有潜在的工业化价值。并且在本发明中,α位胺化的产物可以进一步反应以构建α-氨基杂环芳烃类化合物,为合成 2-氨基吡咯、2-氨基吲哚、2-氨基苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃化合物的合成提供了一种全新且有效的合成方案。
本发明的最佳条件:
(1)杂环芳烃类化合物与醌双亚胺系列化合物的投料比为1:1.2;
(2)反应催化剂的最佳量为10mol%,催化剂可以是FeCl3、SnCl4、NiCl2、Zn(OTf)2、
Cu(OTf)2、Sc(OTf)3中的任意一种;
(3)反应体系所用溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇中的一种或多种混合;
(4)反应温度为室温;
(5)反应时间在1~2h;
本发明的效果:本发明方法具有反应条件温和、操作简便、反应速率快、产品收率高、分离提纯容易、设计新颖、操作简便、反应条件温和、并且原料和催化剂价格便宜、容易获得,并且通过试验表明可以轻松地实现克级规模的反应,有期望实现较大规模工业化的制备。科学表明,具有C-N骨架杂环芳烃类衍生物在自然界有着极其广泛的生物活性,该特点可以使之在天然产物合成、化工原料、农药、医药研发等众多领域中有非常好的应用前景。
本方法可实现在反应1h后产物收率可高达90%左右,且已经证实可轻松地实现克级规模反应,是一种极具工业化价值的合成方法。
具体实施方法
下面结合实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,但本发明不仅限于以下所述的
实施例
实施例1
化合物C1的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入吡咯(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol)以及 Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C1,白色固体,收率75%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.20(s,1H),10.37(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.33-7.39(m,6H),7.10(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.02(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.57(s,1H), 5.89(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),5.66(s,1H),2.41(s,3H),2.33(s,3H).13CNMR(100 MHz,DMSO)δ144.2,143.9,137.4,137.1,137.1,136.0,130.2,130.0,129.0,128.1, 127.1,126.9,120.3,117.1,107.8,105.7,21.5,21.4.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for [C24H23N3O4S2+H]+482.1203;Found:482.1186.
实施例2
化合物C2的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入2-甲基吡咯(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C2,白色固体,收率78%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.95(s,1H),10.37(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.1Hz,2H), 7.42(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.33-7.37(m,4H),7.10(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.03(d,J= 8.8Hz,2H),5.57(s,1H),5.49(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),2.39(s,3H),2.33(s,3H),2.07 (s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ144.1,143.9,137.3,137.3,137.1,136.1, 130.2,130.0,128.9,128.1,127.2,126.3,125.1,120.3,105.8,105.6,21.5,21.4,13.2. HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C25H25N3O4S2+H]+496.1359;Found:496.1344.
实施例3
化合物C3的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入3-甲基吡咯(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C3,白色固体,收率83%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.87(s,1H),10.35(s,1H),7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,2H), 7.53(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.33-7.39(m,4H),7.14(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.02d,J=8.8 Hz,2H),6.52(t,J=2.9Hz,1H),5.75(d,J=1.7Hz,1H),2.40(s,3H),2.33(s,3 H),1.59(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ144.1,143.9,137.4,137.3,137.2, 136.9,130.2,130.2,128.2,127.9,127.1,123.1,120.5,116.8,115.4,109.1,21.5,21.4, 10.7.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C25H25N3O4S2+H]+496.1359;Found:496.1339.
实施例4
化合物C4的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入N-甲基吡咯(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C4,白色固体,收率80%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.39(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.33-7.37(m, 6H),7.14(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.05(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.67(t,J=3.0,2.6Hz,1H), 5.89(t,J=3.2Hz,1H),5.70(dd,J1=3.7Hz,J2=1.8Hz,1H),3.48(s,3H),2.40(s, 3H),2.33(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ144.5,143.9,137.6,137.1,136.5, 135.4,130.2,130.0,129.2,128.2,127.5,127.1,121.6,120.4,106.7,106.6,32.9,21.5, 21.4.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C25H25N3O4S2+H]+496.1359;Found:496.1340.
实施例5
化合物C5的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入N-苯基吡咯(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C5,白色固体,收率86%。
1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.31(s,1H),7.60(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.41-7.45(m, 3H),7.22-7.36(m,8H),6.91-6.94(m,3H),6.74-6.77(m,2H),6.14(t,J=3.6Hz,1 H),5.92(t,J=2.0Hz,1H),2.41(s,3H),2.34(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO) δ144.7,143.9,138.3,137.4,136.9,136.1,135.2,130.1,130.1,129.4,128.8,128.2, 128.0,127.6,127.2,126.3,121.8,120.3,108.3,108.1,21.6,21.4.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C30H27N3O4S2+H]+558.1516;Found:558.1495.
实施例6
化合物C6的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入苯并呋喃(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C6,白色固体,收率78%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.51(s,1H),7.67(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.60(d,J= 7.4,1H),7.55(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=8.1Hz,2H), 7.19-7.34(m,7H),7.10-7.12(m,2H),6.84(s,1H),2.41(s,3H),2.31(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ152.2,148.7,145.2,144.0,138.6,137.0,135.3,134.3, 130.4,130.2,129.5,128.2,127.9,127.2,125.7,123.8,122.0,120.4,111.7,103.0, 21.6,21.4.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C28H24N2O5S2+H]+533.1199;Found:533.1176.
实施例7
化合物C7的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入3-甲基吲哚(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的醌双亚胺(0.24mmol) 以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C7,白色固体,收率62%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ11.24(s,1H),10.43(s,1H),7.68(d,J=8.2Hz,2H), 7.63(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),7.43-7.46(m,3H),7.27-7.36(m,5H),7.16(t,J=7.2,1H), 7.09-7.11(m,2H),7.02(t,J=7.6,1H),2.45(s,3H),2.34(s,3H),1.94(d,J=2.0 Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ144.4,143.9,137.4,137.1,137.0,136.5, 134.2,130.3,130.2,129.9,128.6,128.0,127.1,122.9,120.6,119.4,119.2,111.8, 108.2,21.5,21.4,8.5.HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C29H27N3O4S2+H]+546.1516;Found: 546.1495.
实施例8
化合物C8的合成:于干净的放有磁力搅拌子的10mL试管中加入3mL有机溶剂,再依次加入苯并呋喃(0.2mmol)和黄色固态的N,N-对甲氧基苯磺酰基醌双亚胺(0.24mmol)以及Lewis酸催化剂(0.02mmol),于室温下搅拌,通过 TLC点板监测反应情况;反应结束后,将反应液进行3次萃取,有机相通过减压浓缩得到粗产品,粗产品再经过柱层析分离纯化得到化合物C8,白色固体,收率90%。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.41(s,1H),7.70(d,J=8.9Hz,2H),7.58-7.60(m, 3H),7.48(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),7.32(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.24(t,J=6.9Hz,1H), 7.17-7.19(m,2H),7.04-7.13(m,6H),6.84(s,1H),3.87(s,3H),3.78(s,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO)δ168.6,167.8,157.0,153.6,143.4,139.0,136.2,135.3, 134.2,134.1,132.6,130.4,128.5,126.7,125.1,119.9,119.7,116.4,107.6,61.0,60.8. HRMS(ESI)Calcd for[C28H24N3O5S2+H]+565.1098;Found:565.1064。
Claims (1)
1.一种吡咯、苯并呋喃等杂环芳烃化合物α位直接胺化的方法,其特征在于:
式A所示是不同取代的杂环芳烃类化合物,式B所示是醌双亚胺系列化合物,式C所示是杂环芳烃α位胺化的最终产物,合成路线如下图Scheme1:
Scheme 1杂环芳烃化合物α位胺化合成路线
反应具体条件:
(1)杂环芳烃类化合物与醌双亚胺系列化合物的投料比为1:1.2;
(2)反应催化剂的最佳量为10 mol%,催化剂可以是FeCl3、SnCl4、NiCl2、Zn(OTf)2、Cu(OTf)2、Sc(OTf)3中的任意一种;
(3)反应体系所用溶剂为二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、1,4-二氧六环、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙腈、甲醇、乙醇中的一种或多种混合;
(4)反应温度为室温;
(5)反应时间在1~2h;
(6)其中X为N、O、S杂原子中的一种,R1、R3为杂环或苯环上-CH3、-OCH3、-tBu的供电子基团或-F、-Cl、-Br的吸电子基团;R2为X上的保护基团,所述保护基团优选甲基、乙基、苄基等保护基,R4为N原子上的各类磺酰基团,所述磺酰基团优选对甲苯磺酰基、对硝基苯磺酰基、对苯基苯磺酰基、甲基磺酰基或对甲氧基苯磺酰基等。
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