CN115112282A - Method for testing friction force of side wall of assembled vertical shaft capable of being constructed underwater on site - Google Patents
Method for testing friction force of side wall of assembled vertical shaft capable of being constructed underwater on site Download PDFInfo
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- CN115112282A CN115112282A CN202210843183.8A CN202210843183A CN115112282A CN 115112282 A CN115112282 A CN 115112282A CN 202210843183 A CN202210843183 A CN 202210843183A CN 115112282 A CN115112282 A CN 115112282A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-site testing method for frictional resistance of a side wall of an assembled shaft capable of underwater construction, which comprises the steps of uniformly arranging a plurality of measuring points at the center of each ring of assembled duct pieces; before the pipe piece is assembled, a strain sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe piece at the measuring point position; after the vertical shaft is dug and spliced to reach a set depth, a lead of the strain sensor is bound on an inclinometer pipe positioned on the inner wall of the duct piece nearby, and the lead is led to the ground and connected with a strain acquisition instrument; in the process of shaft excavation, injecting water into the pit, and simultaneously, synchronously sinking the assembled pipe pieces under the control of the sedimentation unit; and in the process of pumping and draining water after sinking and bottoming of the assembled vertical shaft, the reading of each strain sensor is acquired and recorded in real time, and the side wall frictional resistance between the measuring point positions of the adjacent two layers is calculated through the stress difference of the two layers. The invention gives full play to the advantages of the assembled shaft technology, is convenient to install, is not disturbed by the contact of the surrounding soil body, and can accurately monitor and evaluate the actual play function of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the shaft along the depth and the anti-floating capacity of the assembled shaft in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering construction, in particular to an on-site testing method for frictional resistance of a side wall of an assembled vertical shaft capable of underwater construction.
Background
With the continuous development and utilization of urban underground space, the construction technology of underground shafts is continuously developed. The assembled shaft is constructed underwater by adopting a vertical shaft excavator, and the prefabricated concrete pipe piece is used as the side wall of the shaft, so that the assembled shaft has the characteristics of high construction speed and small influence on peripheral fields. When the assembled shaft is excavated, the precast concrete segment will sink under the action of gravity through bentonite grouting, and in the process, the precast concrete segment mainly receives the frictional resistance of the side wall and the tensile force of the ground settling unit. Therefore, the magnitude and distribution of the side wall frictional resistance concern the stable and safe sinking of the duct piece and the stability of the soil body around the vertical shaft. After the construction of the vertical shaft is finished and the bottom is sealed, water in the deep shaft needs to be pumped and drained completely, and the side wall friction resistance is of great importance to the assessment of the anti-floating capacity of the vertical shaft. However, because the existing fabricated shaft project has less implementation data and the prior art cannot directly measure the side wall frictional resistance of the fabricated shaft, the side wall frictional resistance in the existing fabricated shaft design and construction scheme is difficult to estimate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an on-site testing method for the frictional resistance of the side wall of the prefabricated vertical shaft capable of being constructed underwater, which can monitor the frictional resistance of the side wall of the prefabricated vertical shaft during the construction process and after bottom sealing of the prefabricated vertical shaft.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
an on-site testing method for the frictional resistance of the side wall of an assembled shaft capable of being constructed underwater is characterized in that the side wall of the assembled shaft is formed by splicing precast concrete segments in a layering manner, each layer is a segment ring, and the testing method comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a plurality of measuring point positions on the same plane at the center of each ring of the precast concrete segment at equal intervals;
s2, before the prefabricated concrete pipe is assembled, installing a strain sensor on the inner wall of the pipe at each measuring point position, and measuring the vertical strain of the concrete and performing waterproof treatment on the strain sensor;
s3, performing preliminary excavation on a vertical shaft;
s4, assembling a layer of pipe sheet ring, connecting the layer of pipe sheet ring with the sedimentation unit through a steel strand, and placing the layer of pipe sheet ring into a vertical shaft;
s5, binding a wire connected with the strain sensor on an inclinometer pipe positioned on the inner wall of the pipe piece nearby along the depth, and leading the wire to the ground to be connected with a strain acquisition instrument;
s6, when the vertical shaft is excavated, injecting bentonite between the segment ring and the side wall stratum through a grouting hole reserved on the precast concrete segment, operating the sedimentation unit to control the segment ring, so that the segment ring synchronously sinks along with the excavation of the vertical shaft, and injecting water in the pit to keep the excavation surface stable;
s7, repeating the steps S4 to S6, assembling and sinking the tube sheet rings while digging the shaft until the tube sheet ring at the lowest layer sinks to the designated position, sealing the bottom of the assembled shaft, and pumping and discharging water injected in the shaft after the completion; measuring the strain variation of each layer of pipe sheet ring through a strain sensor in the process of pumping and draining water after sinking and bottom sealing of the assembled vertical shaft;
s8, calculating the side wall friction force borne by the side wall of the fabricated shaft according to the strain variation, wherein the calculation process is as follows:
numbering the precast concrete segments from bottom to top in a layered manner, wherein the total friction resistance of the side wall between the measuring point of the i-th layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) -th layer is as follows:
F i ＝Eε i+1 A-Eε i A+mg
wherein E is the modulus of elasticity, ε, of the precast concrete segment i The average value of the strain variation of a plurality of measuring points of the ith layer of pipe piece is obtained, A is the cross section area of the vertical pipe piece ring, m is the total mass of the single-layer precast concrete pipe piece, and g is the gravity acceleration;
further calculating the side wall frictional resistance f borne by the precast concrete segment between the measuring point of the ith layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) th layer i The expression is as follows:
f i ＝F i /A'
wherein A' is the outer area of the single-layer precast concrete segment ring.
Furthermore, in the test point presetting step, at least three test point positions are equidistantly arranged on the same plane at the center of each ring of the precast concrete segment.
Further, each floor of the assembled shaft side wall is composed of 6 precast concrete segments.
Furthermore, in the step of installing the strain sensor, the strain sensor is adhered to the position of the measuring point by epoxy resin glue, and after the adhesion is finished, the strain sensor is covered by the epoxy resin glue to prevent water.
Further, the strain sensor employs 1/4 bridge strain gages.
Further, the wires of the strain sensor are bound to the inclinometer pipe by using a binding tape.
Furthermore, the lead of the strain sensor is fixed on the inner wall of the precast concrete segment through a butyl waterproof adhesive tape.
Furthermore, the number of channels of the strain acquisition instrument is not less than the total number of the strain sensors.
Furthermore, in the sinking process of the assembled vertical shaft, the lubricating effect of the bentonite on the side wall can be monitored by calculating the real-time distribution of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft; and after the bottom sealing is finished, pumping water into the well, continuously monitoring the reading of the strain sensor, and calculating the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft for evaluating the anti-floating capacity of the assembled vertical shaft.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method is simple to operate, the strain sensors are continuously installed in the assembled duct piece rings and smoothly wired, the advantages of the assembled shaft technology are fully exerted, and the direct on-site test of the side wall friction force is realized.
2) The strain sensor is arranged on the inner wall of the precast concrete segment, the construction of a vertical shaft is not influenced, the strain sensor is not in contact with a soil body, the survival rate is high, and the strain sensor is convenient to disassemble after the test is finished.
In conclusion, the invention can monitor the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft in the construction process of the vertical shaft and accurately monitor and evaluate the actual play function of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft along the depth in real time. After the bottom of the vertical shaft is sealed, the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft can be continuously monitored, and the anti-floating capacity of the assembled vertical shaft is evaluated. The method has simple principle, uses conventional and economical equipment, and can supplement the defects of the prior art on the site test technology of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the assembled shaft.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a prefabricated shaft.
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the measurement point layout.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a strain gage connection.
Reference numerals: 1-prefabricating a concrete pipe sheet ring; 2-a strain sensor; 3-an inclinometer pipe; 4-a sedimentation unit; 5-strain acquisition instrument; 6-a wire harness; 7-a wire; 8-butyl waterproof tape; 9-a ribbon.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment provides a field test method for friction resistance of a side wall of an assembled shaft. Taking the fabricated shaft shown in the attached drawings as an example, the sidewall of the fabricated shaft is formed by splicing precast concrete segments in layers, each layer is a precast concrete segment ring 1, and the prefabricated shaft is called a segment ring below and is specifically unfolded as follows:
the method comprises the step of presetting test points, wherein the test points are used for determining the positions of side wall friction test points.
The precast concrete segment ring 1 is numbered as layers 1, 2 and 3 … … i from bottom to top. At present, a common fabricated shaft is composed of 6 precast concrete segments of the same shape per ring. Three measuring points are equidistantly arranged at the position with the included angle of 120 degrees of each ring, and the measuring points are positioned at the center of the precast concrete segment, so that the interference of the stress concentration phenomenon at the edge of the segment on the test is avoided.
And secondly, a strain sensor mounting step for mounting the strain sensor 2.
Before the prefabricated concrete pipe is assembled, a strain sensor 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the pipe at each measuring point position and used for measuring the vertical strain of concrete and performing waterproof treatment on the strain sensor 2. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and measuring the strain of the precast concrete segment by using a resistance type strain gauge, and adhering a strain sensor 2 before assembling the concrete segment. The concrete surface at the measuring point position is cleaned and sanded, and then the strain sensor 2 (strain gauge) is firmly adhered with epoxy glue. The butyl waterproof adhesive tape 8 is used for fixing the lead 7 of the strain gauge on the surface of concrete, so that the strain gauge is prevented from being stressed due to the movement of the lead 7. After the pasting, the strain gauge is covered by epoxy resin glue to prevent water. The lead wires 7 of the strain sensor 2 have waterproof properties. And standing for at least 24 hours after the strain gauge is adhered, and balancing and zeroing the reading of the strain gauge before assembling the pipe piece. The prefabricated concrete pipe piece ring 1 is assembled on the ground, the wires 7 connected with the strain gauges are bound on the inclinometer 3 positioned on the inner wall of the pipe piece by using the binding belts 9 along the depth, and the wires 7 of the strain sensors 2 form a wire bundle 6 which is led to the ground and connected with the strain acquisition instrument 5. The number of channels of the strain acquisition instrument 5 is not less than the total number of the strain sensors 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the strain sensor 2 employs an 1/4 bridge strain gage.
And thirdly, testing and recording, wherein the testing and recording step is used for recording strain data in the excavation process and after the excavation is finished.
In the process of shaft excavation, precast concrete section of jurisdiction ring 1 sinks under the control of settling unit 4 in step, and is predetermined position, pours water into in the hole simultaneously and keeps the excavation face stable. And recording the reading of each strain gauge in the process of sinking the pipe piece and after the sealing of the vertical shaft is finished.
In a preferred embodiment, the settling unit 4 consists of a tension jack; in the process of sinking the precast concrete pipe ring 1, injecting bentonite between the precast concrete pipe ring 1 and the stratum of the side wall through a grouting hole reserved on the precast concrete pipe ring, operating the sedimentation unit 4 to control the pipe ring, so that the precast concrete pipe ring 1 sinks synchronously along with the shaft excavation, and injecting water in a pit to keep the excavation surface stable.
And fourthly, calculating data, wherein the data are used for calculating the friction force of the side wall of the assembled shaft.
The reading of the strain gauge reflects the vertical strain of the precast concrete segment at the position, the vertical stress of the segment can be calculated, and the side wall frictional resistance between two adjacent measuring points can be calculated through the stress difference between the two adjacent layers.
Numbering the precast concrete segments from bottom to top in a layered manner, wherein the total side wall friction resistance (N) borne by the precast concrete segments between the measuring point of the ith layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) th layer is as follows:
F i ＝Eε i+1 A-Eε i A+mg
wherein E is the elastic modulus (Pa), ε of the precast concrete segment ring 1 i The average value of the strain variation of three measuring points of the ith layer of the pipe sheet is shown, A is the cross sectional area (m) of the pipe sheet ring of the vertical shaft 2 ) M is the total mass (kg) of the single-layer precast concrete pipe ring 1, and g is the gravitational acceleration (m/s) 2 )。
Further calculating the side wall frictional resistance f borne by the precast concrete segment between the measuring point of the ith layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) th layer i (Pa), expressed as:
f i ＝F i /A'
wherein A' is the outer area (m) of the single-layer precast concrete segment ring 2 )。
In the excavation process, monitoring and evaluating the actual function of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft along the depth; after the bottom of the vertical shaft is sealed, the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft can be continuously monitored, and the influence of the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft on the anti-floating capacity of the assembled vertical shaft is evaluated and evaluated.
In conclusion, the principle and the operation of the embodiment are simple, the used equipment is conventional and economical, the advantages of the assembled shaft technology are fully exerted, the strain sensors 2 can be continuously installed and smoothly wired in the assembled duct piece rings, the strain sensors 2 can be fully protected from being affected by soil contact in the whole construction process, and the actual exertion effect of the frictional resistance along the depth of the side wall of the shaft is accurately monitored and evaluated in real time; after the bottom of the vertical shaft is sealed, the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft can be continuously monitored, and the anti-floating capacity of the assembled vertical shaft is evaluated.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the technical solutions that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concepts of the present invention should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The on-site friction resistance testing method for the assembled vertical shaft side wall capable of being constructed underwater is characterized in that the testing method comprises the following steps of:
s1, arranging a plurality of measuring point positions on the same plane at the center of each ring of the precast concrete segment at equal intervals;
s2, before the prefabricated concrete pipe is assembled, installing a strain sensor on the inner wall of the pipe at each measuring point position, and measuring the vertical strain of the concrete and performing waterproof treatment on the strain sensor;
s3, performing preliminary excavation on a vertical shaft;
s4, assembling a layer of pipe sheet ring, connecting the layer of pipe sheet ring with the sedimentation unit through a steel strand, and placing the layer of pipe sheet ring into a vertical shaft;
s5, binding a wire connected with the strain sensor on an inclinometer pipe positioned on the inner wall of the pipe piece nearby along the depth, and leading the wire to the ground to be connected with a strain acquisition instrument;
s6, when the vertical shaft is excavated, injecting bentonite between the segment ring and the side wall stratum through a grouting hole reserved on the precast concrete segment, operating the sedimentation unit to control the segment ring, so that the segment ring synchronously sinks along with the excavation of the vertical shaft, and injecting water in the pit to keep the excavation surface stable;
s7, repeating the steps S4 to S6, assembling and sinking the segment rings while excavating the vertical shaft until the segment ring at the lowest layer sinks to the designated position, sealing the bottom of the assembled vertical shaft, and pumping and discharging water injected into the well after the assembly of the vertical shaft is finished; in the process of pumping and draining water after sinking and bottom sealing of the fabricated vertical shaft, measuring the strain variation of each layer of pipe sheet ring through a strain sensor;
s8, calculating the side wall friction force borne by the side wall of the fabricated shaft according to the strain variation, wherein the calculation process is as follows:
numbering the precast concrete segments from bottom to top in a layered manner, wherein the total friction resistance of the side wall between the measuring point of the i-th layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) -th layer is as follows:
F i ＝Eε i+1 A-Eε i A+mg
wherein E is the modulus of elasticity, ε, of the precast concrete segment i The average value of the strain variation of a plurality of measuring points of the ith layer of pipe piece is obtained, A is the cross section area of the vertical pipe piece ring, m is the total mass of the single-layer precast concrete pipe piece, and g is the gravity acceleration;
further calculating the side wall frictional resistance f borne by the precast concrete segment between the measuring point of the ith layer and the measuring point of the (i + 1) th layer i The expression is as follows:
f i ＝F i /A'
wherein A' is the outer area of the single-layer precast concrete segment ring.
2. The method for testing the frictional resistance of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater on site as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of presetting the test points, at least three test point positions are equidistantly arranged on the same plane at the center of each ring of the precast concrete segment.
3. The field frictional resistance test method for a prefabricated shaft side wall capable of being constructed underwater according to claim 1, wherein each layer of the prefabricated shaft side wall is composed of 6 precast concrete segments.
4. The method for testing the friction force of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater on site as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step of installing the strain sensor, the strain sensor is adhered to the position of the measuring point by epoxy resin glue, and after the adhesion is finished, the strain sensor is covered by the epoxy resin glue to prevent water.
5. The on-site friction force testing method for the side wall of the prefabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strain sensor adopts 1/4 bridge strain gauges.
6. The method for the field testing of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wires of the strain sensor are bound to the inclinometer by using a binding tape.
7. The method for testing the frictional resistance of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater in the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lead of the strain sensor is further fixed to the inner wall of the precast concrete segment through a butyl waterproof tape.
8. The field test method for the friction resistance of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater is characterized in that the number of channels of the strain acquisition instrument is not less than the total number of strain sensors.
9. The method for testing the frictional resistance of the side wall of the fabricated shaft capable of being constructed underwater in the field according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating effect of the bentonite on the side wall can be monitored by calculating the real-time distribution of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the shaft in the sinking process of the fabricated shaft; and after the bottom sealing is finished, injecting water into the drainage well, continuously monitoring the reading of the strain sensor, and calculating the real-time change of the frictional resistance of the side wall of the vertical shaft for evaluating the anti-floating capacity of the fabricated vertical shaft.
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