CN115110007A - 一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- YHTOCEAXMWWDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti].[Mn].[Cr].[Si] Chemical compound [Ti].[Mn].[Cr].[Si] YHTOCEAXMWWDLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Fe] IXQWNVPHFNLUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B21B1/02—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs, blooms, or billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant ; Rolling combined with forging or pressing
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Abstract
本发明属于钢铁冶金技术领域,涉及一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法;钢材各成分组成为:C:0.95~1.05%,Mn:0.95~1.1%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Cr:0.30~0.75%,P≤0.02%,S≤0.015%,Ni≤0.2%,Cu≤0.2%,Mo≤0.1%,Al:0.015‑0.03%,Ti:0.015‑0.025%,V≤0.03%,Sn≤0.03%,[O]≤0.0014%,[N]:0.007‑0.01%,[H]≤0.00015%,余量为Fe及杂质;步骤包括转炉冶炼、LF精炼、VD真空处理、连铸、轧制和堆放;本发明可以稳定连续式生产,获表面质量、均匀性和纯净度高的热轧圆钢。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于钢铁冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法。
背景技术
磨球钢是一种研磨机用耐磨介质,用于粉碎研磨机中的物料,具有硬度高,淬透性强,耐磨性好等特点,广泛应用于矿山、水泥、冶金等行业。依据含碳量的不同,分为中碳和高碳磨球钢。单纯的碳素磨球钢,由于钢球使用环境的特殊性,耐磨性已经不能满足研磨使用要求。为此常在碳素磨球钢的基础上,加入各种合金元素,如锰、铬、钛、铝、钼等,通过微合金化以获取特殊的使用性能。
在经济性的前提下,如何控制合金元素及其含量辅以相应的工艺步骤,来冶炼出具有硬度高、淬透性强、耐磨性好等磨球钢材料,是目前磨球钢亟需克服的技术难题。如通过增加碳含量可以提高硬度,但同时也会导致产生严重的连铸坯偏析和成品脆性;再如通过加入钛、铝等元素来提升钢材性能,容易在钢中产生难以变形的非金属夹杂物。因此,如何再保证经济成本的前提下,进一步提升磨球钢的淬透性、硬度、耐磨性、疲劳等综合性能,是本发明所要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,该制备方法可以稳定连续式生产,并获得具有良好的表面质量、均匀性和纯净度的热轧圆钢。
为了实现以上目的,本发明首先提供一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢,由下列重量百分比的成分组成:C:0.95~1.05%,Mn:0.95~1.1%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Cr:0.30~0.75%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.015%,Ni≤0.20%,Cu≤0.20%,Mo≤0.10%,Al:0.015-0.030%,Ti:0.015-0.025%,V≤0.03%,Sn≤0.03%,[O]≤0.0014%,[N]:0.007-0.01%,[H]≤0.00015%;余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
本发明还提供一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢制备方法,包括以下步骤:转炉冶炼工序、LF精炼工序、VD真空处理工序、连铸工序、加热轧制工序、堆放工序。具体操作步骤和参数设定如下。
(1)转炉冶炼工序:将铁水和废钢的混合物加入到转炉中冶炼得到钢水,在冶炼过程中依次加入铝饼、增碳剂、硅铁、高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁;待合金完全熔化后加入铝酸钙和石灰进行造渣;滑板挡渣出钢,严禁下渣,出钢目标温度≥1600℃,转炉高拉碳出钢,出钢C≥0.12%、P≤0.015%;
(2)LF精炼工序:基于步骤(1)转炉冶炼后的钢水在LF精炼炉中进行精炼,加入石灰调整炉渣流动性;并以铝豆和碳化硅进行扩散脱氧,白渣保持时间≥20min;精炼渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)控制在3.5-6间,FeO与MnO的含量之和(FeO+MnO)<1.0%;吊包前进行前钙处理,喂纯钙线;
(3)VD真空处理工序:基于步骤(2)的LF精炼后,进行真空脱气,高真空度≤67pa,保持时间≥15min;VD破空后,喂入氮化铬线和钛铁线,并取样定氢,氢含量<1.5ppm,软吹时间≥20min;终渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)控制为3~5,FeO与MnO的含量之和(FeO+MnO)<1.0%;
(4)连铸工序:基于步骤(3)的VD真空处理后,利用连铸机全程保护浇铸,采用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端电磁搅拌,连铸进站温度为1490~1505℃,过热度为20~35℃,拉速控为0.90-0.95m/min,保持恒拉速浇注,中包铸余钢水量>3.5吨,得到连铸方坯;所述连铸方坯可坑冷或热送热装轧制;
(5)加热轧制工序:基于步骤(4)连铸得到的连铸方坯装入加热炉加热,预热段温度≤860℃,加热一段温度900~1100℃,加热二段温度1160~1230℃,均热段温度1160~1250℃,总加热时间≥240min,保证铸坯均匀烧透;再经高压水除磷后,控制上冷床温度>800℃,剪切或锯切温度>450℃;得到圆钢;
(6)堆放工序:将步骤(5)得到的轧制得到圆钢收集和打包,控制堆放温度≥350℃,进行避风堆冷。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述转炉冶炼工序中,废钢加入量占钢水总质量为15-20%;以钢水总量计,相关添加物用量如下:增碳剂5-7kg/t、铝饼0.5-1.0kg/t、硅铁1-1.5kg/t、高碳锰铁10-15kg/t、高碳铬铁2.5-12kg/t、铝酸钙5-10kg/t、石灰3-7kg/t;同时在出钢过程中保留2-3吨钢水,防止下渣导致磷含量增高。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述LF精炼工序中,以精炼钢水的总量计,相关添加物用量如下:石灰0-2kg/t,铝豆0.2-0.6kg/t,碳化硅1.5-2.5kg/t;所述吊包前进行前钙处理,喂入0.12-0.22kg/t纯钙线;所述LF精炼过程中,如果钢水各成分未达到规定范围,可通过添加增碳剂、硅铁、高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁进行成分调整,使各成分符合要求(即符合所限定的含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢各成分的重量百分比)。
优选的,步骤(2)中所述LF精炼工序中,FeO与MnO的含量之和(FeO+MnO)为0.65%~0.8%。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述VD真空处理,VD破空后,喂入1.2-1.5kg/t氮化铬线和0.3-0.5kg/t钛铁线。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述高真空度为35-45pa;所述取样定氢,氢含量为1.1~1.2ppm,软吹时间为28~30min。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述FeO与MnO的含量之和(FeO+MnO)为0.66%~0.78%。
优选的,步骤(4)中所述连铸进站温度为1497~1501℃,连铸中包过热度控制在20-32℃,所述结晶器电磁搅拌频率2Hz,末端电磁搅拌频率10Hz;所述中包铸余钢水量3.6~3.8吨。
优选的,步骤(5)中所述加热轧制工序中,在1180-1200℃的温度区间,保温≥150分钟,以促进碳扩散;所述总加热时间为280~340min;所述除磷压力为20~25MPa;所述上冷床温度850~910℃,锯切或剪切温度为480~510℃。
优选的,步骤(6)中所述堆放温度为350~420℃,避风堆冷以避免应力开裂。
本发明的优点和技术效果:
(1)Si是一种重要的脱氧剂,当Si与Cr同时存在时,可以提高合金的抗氧化性能。控制Si在较低的含量范围内有利于提高冲击韧性,同时为了兼顾考虑材料的高温抗氧化性能和抗高温腐蚀性能,提高钢的高温持久强度和抗蠕变能力,故本发明限定Si:0.15~0.35%,Cr:0.30~0.75%。因此,本发明通过在钢水中加入锰、铬、钛、铝、硅、氮等元素,增强了圆钢的硬度和耐腐蚀性,降低破碎率,保持一定的抗冲击性,同时提高了磨球的耐磨性和使用性。
(2)本发明利用钙处理,提高了含铝、钛元素钢的生产可浇性,降低了生产成本。
(3)本发明利用连铸阶段的结晶器电磁搅拌和末端电磁搅拌,执行低过热度浇铸,降低了碳偏析,提高了铸坯低倍质量。
(4)本发明限定轧钢过程温度和堆冷温度,降低了圆钢弯曲度,减少了残余热应力,避免出现应力开裂,提高了表面质量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明进行详细描述,但本发明不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1:
Ф26mm含氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢生产:
氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢成分含量为:C:0.98%,Mn:1.02%,Si:0.25%,Cr:0.35%,P:0.012%,S:0.004%,Ni:0.015%,Cu:0.02%,Mo:0.005%,Al:0.021%,Ti:0.022%,V:0.005%,Sn:0.001%,[O]:0.0007%,[N]:0.0075%,[H]:0.00012%;余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
本发明步骤:转炉冶炼工序、LF精炼工序、VD真空处理工序、连铸工序、加热轧制工序、堆放工序,具体步骤如下:
(1)转炉冶炼工序:将铁水和废钢的混合物加入到转炉中冶炼得到钢水,废钢的加入占钢水质量为18%;以钢水质量计,然后依次加入6.4kg/t增碳剂、0.6kg/t铝饼、1.2kg/t硅铁、12.4kg/t高碳锰铁、3kg/t高碳铬铁;待合金完全熔化后加入7.2kg/t铝酸钙和5.4kg/t石灰进行造渣;滑板挡渣出钢,严禁下渣,出钢温度1615℃,转炉高拉碳出钢,出钢C:0.14%、P:0.010%,出钢留2.5吨钢水,防止下渣导致磷含量升高;
(2)LF精炼工序:钢水在LF精炼炉中进行精炼,加入1kg/t石灰调整炉渣流动性,并进行成分调整(1.5kg/t增碳剂、0.9kg/t硅铁、1.5kg/t高碳锰铁、1.8kg/t高碳铬铁),使之达到标准成分要求;然后依次加入0.4kg/t铝豆和2kg/t碳化硅(分两批加入)进行扩散脱氧。前期快速脱氧,氩气流量150NL/min;后期少量多次缓慢脱氧,氩气流量60NL/min,白渣保持时间25min;吊包前进行前钙处理,喂入0.15kg/t纯钙线;精炼渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为5.5,(FeO)+(MnO)的含量为0.78%;
(3)VD真空处理工序:真空脱气,高真空度47pa,保持时间为16min;VD破空后,喂入1.3kg/t氮化铬线和0.35kg/t钛铁线,并补加铝线和碳化稻壳;取样定氢为1.1ppm,软吹时间30min;VD终渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为4.5,(FeO)+(MnO)的含量为0.66%。
(4)连铸工序:连铸全程保护浇铸,连铸进站温度1497℃,过热度25℃,以0.95m/min拉速恒拉速浇注;采用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端电磁搅拌,结晶器电磁搅拌频率2Hz,末端电磁搅拌频率10Hz,中包铸余钢水量3.7吨,得到220mm*220mm连铸方坯,连铸方坯坑冷或热送热装轧制。
(5)加热轧制工序:将连铸坯装入加热炉加热,预热段温度700℃,加热一段温度1050℃,加热二段温度1200℃,均热段温度1210℃,总加热时间280min,高温段时间150min(即温度范围在1180-1200℃,对应加热二段和均热段),保证铸坯均匀烧透,并促进碳扩散。出加热炉,经高压水除磷后轧制,圆钢上冷床温度910℃,锯切温度480℃。
(6)堆放工序:将圆钢高温快速收集和打包,堆放温度350℃,避风堆冷以避免应力开裂。
按照交货标准进行检验,各项结果均合格。
表1实施例1检验结果
实施例2:
Ф50mm含氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢生产:
氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢成分含量为:C:1.0%,Mn:1.03%,Si:0.26%,Cr:0.51%,P:0.014%,S:0.005%,Ni:0.016%,Cu:0.018%,Mo:0.008%,Al:0.020%,Ti:0.020%,V:0.006%,Sn:0.003%,[O]:0.0008%,[N]:0.0080%,[H]:0.00011%;余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
本发明步骤:转炉冶炼工序、LF精炼工序、VD真空处理工序、连铸工序、加热轧制工序、堆放工序,具体步骤如下:
(1)转炉冶炼工序:将铁水和废钢的混合物加入到转炉中冶炼得到钢水,废钢的加入占钢水质量为16%,然后依次加入6.6kg/t增碳剂、0.65kg/t铝饼、1.3kg/t硅铁、12.7kg/t高碳锰铁、5.7kg/t高碳铬铁,待合金完全熔化后加入7kg/t铝酸钙和5.5kg/t石灰进行造渣。滑板挡渣出钢,严禁下渣,出钢温度1612℃,转炉高拉碳出钢,出钢C:0.15%、P:0.012%,出钢留2.7吨钢水,防止下渣导致磷高。
(2)LF精炼工序:钢水在LF精炼炉中进行精炼,加入1.4kg/t石灰调整炉渣流动性,并进行成分调整(1.4kg/t增碳剂、0.7kg/t硅铁、1.3kg/t高碳锰铁、2kg/t高碳铬铁),使之达到标准成分要求,然后依次加入0.4kg/t铝豆和2.1kg/t碳化硅(分两批加入)进行扩散脱氧。前期快速脱氧,氩气流量155NL/min;后期少量多次缓慢脱氧,氩气流量66NL/min,白渣保持时间25min。吊包前进行前钙处理,喂入0.18kg/t纯钙线。精炼渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为5.2,(FeO)+(MnO)的含量为0.79%。
(3)VD真空处理工序:真空脱气,高真空度45pa,保持时间为17min;VD破空后,喂入1.4kg/t氮化铬线和0.3kg/t钛铁线,并补加铝线和碳化稻壳。取样定氢为1.2ppm,软吹时间28min;VD终渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为4.4,(FeO)+(MnO)的含量为0.78%。
(4)连铸工序:连铸全程保护浇铸,连铸进站温度1501℃,过热度32℃,以0.95m/min拉速恒拉速浇注,结晶器电磁搅拌频率2Hz,末端电磁搅拌频率10Hz,中包铸余钢水量3.6吨,得到220mm*220mm连铸方坯,连铸方坯坑冷或热送热装轧制。
(5)加热轧制工序:将连铸坯装入加热炉加热,预热段温度765℃,加热一段温度1000℃,加热二段温度1205℃,均热段温度1205℃,总加热时间300min,高温段时间170min(即温度范围在1180-1200℃,对应加热二段和均热段),保证铸坯均匀烧透,并促进碳扩散。出加热炉,经高压水除磷后轧制,圆钢上冷床温度890℃,剪切温度500℃。
(6)堆放工序:将圆钢高温快速收集和打包,堆放温度420℃,避风堆冷以避免应力开裂。
按照交货标准进行检验,各项结果均合格。
表2实施例2检验结果
检验项目 | 检验结果 |
气体 | 氧含量8.8ppm;氮含量79ppm |
碳偏析指数 | 0.99 |
非金属夹杂物 | A、B、C、D类≤1.0级 |
奥氏体晶粒度 | 7.5级 |
探伤 | 超声波探伤合格率100%;表面漏磁探伤合格率99.6% |
低倍 | 中心疏松和一般疏松≤1.0级、中心偏析和锭型偏析0级,其他缺陷无 |
总脱碳层 | 0.16~0.22mm |
实施例3:
Ф65mm含氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢生产:
氮高碳硅锰铬钛圆钢成分含量为:C:1.0%,Mn:1.0%,Si:0.24%,Cr:0.69%,P:0.013%,S:0.004%,Ni:0.016%,Cu:0.013%,Mo:0.007%,Al:0.020%,Ti:0.021%,V:0.007%,Sn:0.003%,[O]:0.0009%,[N]:0.0076%,[H]:0.00013%;余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
本发明步骤:转炉冶炼工序、LF精炼工序、VD真空处理工序、连铸工序、加热轧制工序、堆放工序,具体如下:
(1)转炉冶炼工序:将铁水和废钢的混合物加入到转炉中冶炼得到钢水,废钢的加入占钢水质量为17%,然后依次加入6.2kg/t增碳剂、0.65kg/t铝饼、1.1kg/t硅铁、10.5kg/t高碳锰铁、10.2kg/t高碳铬铁。待合金完全熔化后加入7.1kg/t铝酸钙和5.6kg/t石灰进行造渣。滑板挡渣出钢,严禁下渣,出钢温度1617℃,转炉高拉碳出钢,出钢C:0.15%、P:0.012%,出钢留2.8吨钢水,防止下渣导致磷高。
(2)LF精炼工序:钢水在LF精炼炉中进行精炼,加入1.8kg/t石灰调整炉渣流动性,并进行成分调整(1.8kg/t增碳剂、0.85kg/t硅铁、1.9kg/t高碳锰铁、1kg/t高碳铬铁),使之达到所规定的成分要求;然后依次加入0.4kg/t铝豆和1.9kg/t碳化硅(分两批加入)进行扩散脱氧。前期快速脱氧,氩气流量160NL/min;后期少量多次缓慢脱氧,氩气流量65NL/min,白渣保持时间24min。吊包前进行前钙处理,喂入0.21kg/t纯钙线。精炼渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为4.1,(FeO)+(MnO)为0.67%。
(3)VD真空处理工序:真空脱气,高真空度35pa,保持时间16min。VD破空后,喂入1.2kg/t氮化铬线和0.45kg/t钛铁线,并补加铝线和碳化稻壳。取样定氢为1.1ppm,软吹时间30min。VD终渣碱度(CaO/SiO2)为3.8,(FeO)+(MnO)为0.72%。
(4)连铸工序:连铸全程保护浇铸,连铸进站温度1498℃,过热度25℃,以0.95m/min拉速恒拉速浇注,结晶器电磁搅拌频率2Hz,末端电磁搅拌频率10Hz,中包铸余钢水量3.8吨,得到220mm*220mm连铸方坯,连铸方坯坑冷或热送热装轧制。
(5)加热轧制工序:将连铸坯装入加热炉加热,预热段温度670℃,加热一段温度1030℃,加热二段温度1199℃,均热段温度1203℃,总加热时间340min,高温段时间200min(即温度范围在1180-1200℃,对应加热二段和均热段),保证铸坯均匀烧透,并促进碳扩散。出加热炉,经高压水除磷后轧制,圆钢上冷床温度850℃,剪切温度510℃。
(6)堆放工序:将圆钢高温快速收集和打包,堆放温度400℃,避风堆冷以避免应力开裂。
按照交货标准进行检验,各项结果均合格。
表3实施例3检验结果
通过实施例的结果可以看出,本发明通过在钢水中加入锰、铬、钛、铝、硅、氮等元素,增强了圆钢的硬度和耐腐蚀性,降低破碎率,保持一定的抗冲击性,同时提高了磨球的耐磨性和使用性;并通过相应工艺的调整,降低了碳偏析,提高了铸坯低倍质量;同时避免出现应力开裂,提高了表面质量;获得了综合性能优异的圆钢。
说明:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案;因此,尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明,但是本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换;而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)转炉冶炼工序:将铁水和废钢的混合物加入到转炉中冶炼得到钢水,在冶炼过程中依次加入铝饼、增碳剂、硅铁、高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁;待合金完全熔化后加入铝酸钙和石灰进行造渣;滑板挡渣出钢,严禁下渣,出钢目标温度≥1600℃,转炉高拉碳出钢,出钢C≥0.12%、P≤0.015%;
(2)LF精炼工序:基于步骤(1)转炉冶炼后的钢水在LF精炼炉中进行精炼,加入石灰调整炉渣流动性;并以铝豆和碳化硅进行扩散脱氧,白渣保持时间≥20min;精炼渣碱度控制在3.5-6间,FeO与MnO的含量之和<1.0%;吊包前进行前钙处理,喂纯钙线;
(3)VD真空处理工序:基于步骤(2)的LF精炼后,进行真空脱气,高真空度≤67pa,保持时间≥15min;VD破空后,喂入氮化铬线和钛铁线,并取样定氢,氢含量<1.5ppm,软吹时间≥20min;终渣碱度控制为3~5,FeO与MnO的含量之和<1.0%;
(4)连铸工序:基于步骤(3)的VD真空处理后,利用连铸机全程保护浇铸,采用结晶器电磁搅拌和末端电磁搅拌,连铸进站温度为1490~1505℃,过热度为20~35℃,拉速控为0.90-0.95m/min,保持恒拉速浇注,中包铸余钢水量>3.5吨,得到连铸方坯;所述连铸方坯可坑冷或热送热装轧制;
(5)加热轧制工序:基于步骤(4)连铸得到的连铸方坯装入加热炉加热,预热段温度≤860℃,加热一段温度900~1100℃,加热二段温度1160~1230℃,均热段温度1160~1250℃,总加热时间≥240min,保证铸坯均匀烧透;再经高压水除磷后,控制上冷床温度>800℃,剪切或锯切温度>450℃,得到圆钢;
(6)堆放工序:将步骤(5)得到的轧制得到圆钢收集和打包,控制堆放温度≥350℃,进行避风堆冷;
所述含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢由下列重量百分比的成分组成:
C:0.95~1.05%,Mn:0.95~1.1%,Si:0.15~0.35%,Cr:0.30~0.75%,P≤0.020%,S≤0.015%,Ni≤0.20%,Cu≤0.20%,Mo≤0.10%,Al:0.015-0.030%,Ti:0.015-0.025%,V≤0.03%,Sn≤0.03%,[O]≤0.0014%,[N]:0.007-0.01%,[H]≤0.00015%;余量为Fe及不可避免杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述转炉冶炼工序中,废钢加入量占钢水总质量为15-20%;以钢水总量计,相关添加物用量如下:增碳剂5-7kg/t、铝饼0.5-1.0kg/t、硅铁1-1.5kg/t、高碳锰铁10-15kg/t、高碳铬铁2.5-12kg/t、铝酸钙5-10kg/t、石灰3-7kg/t;同时在出钢过程中保留2-3吨钢水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述LF精炼工序中,以精炼钢水的总量计,相关添加物用量如下:石灰0-2kg/t,铝豆0.2-0.6kg/t,碳化硅1.5-2.5kg/t;所述吊包前进行前钙处理,喂入0.12-0.22kg/t纯钙线;所述LF精炼过程中,如果钢水各成分未达到规定范围,可通过添加增碳剂、硅铁、高碳锰铁、高碳铬铁进行成分调整,使各成分符合要求。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述LF精炼工序中,所述FeO与MnO的含量之和为0.65%~0.8%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述VD真空处理,VD破空后,喂入1.2-1.5kg/t氮化铬线和0.3-0.5kg/t钛铁线。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述高真空度为35-45pa;所述取样定氢,氢含量为1.1~1.2ppm,软吹时间为28~30min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述FeO与MnO的含量之和为0.66%~0.78%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述连铸进站温度为1497~1501℃,连铸中包过热度控制在20-32℃,所述结晶器电磁搅拌频率2Hz,末端电磁搅拌频率10Hz;连铸中包铸余钢水量为3.6~3.8吨。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述加热轧制工序中,在1180-1200℃的温度区间,保温≥150分钟,以促进碳扩散;所述总加热时间为280~340min;所述除磷压力为20~25MPa;所述上冷床温度850~910℃,锯切或剪切温度为480~510℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种含氮高碳硅锰铬钛磨球钢的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述堆放温度为350~420℃。
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