CN115119147A - Underground mine and ground emergency communication method and device - Google Patents
Underground mine and ground emergency communication method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115119147A CN115119147A CN202210263045.2A CN202210263045A CN115119147A CN 115119147 A CN115119147 A CN 115119147A CN 202210263045 A CN202210263045 A CN 202210263045A CN 115119147 A CN115119147 A CN 115119147A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007175 bidirectional communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013407 communication difficulty Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to an emergency communication method between an underground mine and the ground. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: installing a transmitter on an underground mine personnel, wherein the transmitter transmits electromagnetic wave signals of at least two frequencies according to manual selection; and erecting a receiver on the ground, and judging the state information and the position information of underground personnel by the frequency of the received electromagnetic wave signal after the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave signal. The invention relates to a communication method between an underground base station and a ground base station, in particular to an emergency communication method when a conventional wired or wireless communication method cannot be applied under emergency conditions, such as water permeability and collapse of a mine. And a hardware implementation scheme of the mine ground communication positioning system is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an emergency communication method between an underground mine and the ground.
Background
A mine wireless communication and personnel positioning system is an indispensable component for realizing coal mine informatization and safety management. The underground environment of the mine is extremely complex, is limited by various uncertain conditions, and the ground cannot timely know the actual underground situation, so that the situation of underground personnel cannot be known when an accident occurs, the underground personnel cannot respond timely, and the optimal time for rescuing the personnel is missed. Therefore, in order to ensure the real-time contact between the ground and the underground operating personnel, the underground operation can report the actual situation in time, so that the ground monitoring personnel can master the flowing situation of the underground operating personnel in real time, and urgent requirements for building a wireless communication and personnel positioning system of a coal mine are met
The most major difficulties of the mine through-the-earth communication and positioning system are interference and weak signal reception. Because the electromagnetic wave has certain penetrating power, once the conventional communication facilities have communication difficulty, the underground low-frequency electromagnetic wave transmitting method is adopted to realize communication with the ground and transfer the survival conditions and spatial positions of underground personnel, thereby being greatly helpful for the organization and rescue of the personnel on the ground. The development of the wireless communication technology under the mine is from the earliest leakage communication technology, through-the-earth communication technology to the underground PED through-the-earth communication system and the CDMA and WIFI technology which are widely applied at present. The mainstream techniques for locating people, which are commonly used at present, are RFID technology, ZigBee technology, Wifi technology, and the like. The leakage communication system keeps the continuity of signals by utilizing multiple antennas connected to a coaxial cable, and has the advantages of small stable channel electromagnetic interference, unlimited frequency band and the like due to the characteristics of the coaxial cable, but the leakage cable has the defects of inherent design and manufacturing process, the loss of the signals in the leakage cable is large, 1 repeater is required to be arranged at certain intervals, so that the corresponding fault points are increased, the reliability of the system is greatly reduced, and the more the repeaters are arranged, the larger the noise is, and the signal distortion is easily caused. The CDMA communication system is based on spread spectrum technology, belongs to large cellular communication, and is mainly characterized in that the networking specification of the CDMA communication system is stricter by the ground cabinet, the base station, the coupler, the power divider, the intrinsic safety mobile phone and the like, and the CDMA communication system has the advantages of high call completing rate during switching between the base stations, small signal stability interference and small restriction on the CDMA communication system caused by an underground tunnel; the defects are that more equipment needs to be installed, the cost is overhigh and the maintenance is relatively difficult. The PED through-the-earth communication system provides an emergency communication method based on ultra-low frequency electromagnetic signals. It requires a large coil to be laid on the ground and the ground sends information to an underground receiver, and in emergency conditions, the underground will acquire signals but cannot convey information to the ground, and in addition, the system has good performance but is expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide an underground mine and ground emergency communication method, which can realize the communication by sending signals to the ground from the underground mine and realize the communication between underground personnel and the ground in mine accidents.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a device for implementing the above method.
An underground mine and ground emergency communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps: installing a transmitter on an underground mine personnel, wherein the transmitter transmits electromagnetic wave signals of at least two frequencies according to manual selection; and erecting a receiver on the ground, and judging the state information and the position information of underground personnel by the frequency of the received electromagnetic wave signal after the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave signal.
The receiver erected on the ground is provided with a plurality of ground receiving ends at different positions on the ground, and the accurate position of underground mine personnel is judged according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals received by all the ground receiving ends.
Wherein the ground receiving end specifically refers to a 150-meter antenna arranged in a circle; wherein each frequency of the electromagnetic wave signals represents a type of state information of the mineworker.
An underground mine and ground emergency communication device is characterized in that: the transmitter consists of a signal generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna which are connected in sequence, the receiver comprises a receiving coil, a preamplifier, a compensator, a main amplifier and a DSP processor which are connected in sequence, the compensator is connected with a reference signal, and the DSP processor is connected with the reference signal through a reference signal amplifying circuit.
The transmitter is arranged in a cylindrical shell, a winding shaft is arranged on the shell, two insulated wires are wound on the winding shaft in parallel, one end of each insulated wire is connected with the transmitter in the shell, and the other end of each insulated wire is connected with a cable in an underground mine, so that an electric dipole is formed to serve as a transmitting antenna.
Wherein the length of the cable in the underground mine is 100 meters.
Wherein the receiving coil of the receiver comprises a 150m long antenna.
Wherein the receiver has a sensitivity of not less than 10 -7 V。
The mine depth is 300-500 m, the power supply of the transmitter adopts an underground existing power supply, the antenna of the transmitter is a cable antenna, the cable antenna adopts a cable in an underground mine, the transmitter is preset with a plurality of frequencies and respectively represents the position and state information of a miner, the transmitter adopts a crystal oscillator to ensure accurate transmitting frequency, the receiver can realize simultaneous or sequential receiving of multi-frequency signals transmitted by the transmitter, the receiver adopts a narrow-band intermediate-frequency receiving mode to achieve low-noise receiving, and the receiver adopts a long cable antenna and a large-diameter coil antenna which are laid on the ground or on the ground.
An underground mine and ground emergency communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) under the emergency condition, the position and the basic condition of a ground receiving station, underground or underground personnel are provided through the transmission of signals;
(2) a signal transmitter is arranged on a safety helmet of a worker in the underground, and a transmitting antenna adopts a cable in a self-carrying or underground mine;
(3) the receiver adopts a multi-frequency low-noise electromagnetic wave receiver;
(4) the communication content transmits the safety condition and position information of underground personnel through the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal;
(5) the method of multiple ground receiving ends is adopted to realize the positioning of the underground emission source, thereby achieving the accurate positioning of the underground personnel.
The invention relates to a communication method between an underground base station and a ground base station, in particular to an emergency communication method when a conventional wired or wireless communication method cannot be applied under emergency conditions, such as water permeability and collapse of a mine. And a hardware implementation scheme of the mine ground communication positioning system is provided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a transmitter of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a transmitter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a receiver in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit schematic of a receiver of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of the invention.
Detailed Description
The main technical difficulties of the current mine communication system include the following:
(1) the wave propagation medium of underground wireless communications is heavily absorbed and attenuated.
(2) The antenna is inefficient. The efficiency of the low band antenna is too low.
(3) The useful signal of the receiving point is very weak. In underground communication of a mine, electric waves are subjected to propagation attenuation, secondary penetration attenuation and secondary refraction attenuation due to geological conditions, and the antenna efficiency is low, so that the underground tunnel is narrow in space, has a wind door, a locomotive and the like which block bodies, has a slope, has a turn and a branch, has a rough surface and the like, and a signal of a receiving point is very weak, so that effective and reliable communication is very difficult to ensure.
In addition, the following requirements also exist in the design of the downhole communication system:
(1) the air under the mine is required to contain combustible gas such as methane and coal dust, so that explosion accidents are easy to happen. Therefore, the mobile communication device is required to adopt an intrinsically safe explosion-proof device with good safety performance.
(2) The volume of the communication equipment needs to be small, the space under a coal mine is narrow, and other various equipment types are more, so that the volume of a mobile communication system cannot be large.
(3) The volume of the communication equipment is small according to mine communication rules, and the maximum output power of the intrinsically safe explosion-proof electrical equipment is about 25W, so that the transmitting power of the mine mobile communication equipment is generally small.
(4) The voltage fluctuation adaptability of the power supply is required to be strong, the voltage fluctuation range of the underground power grid power supply is large and is generally between 75% and 110%, therefore, the mine mobile communication equipment has strong power supply voltage fluctuation adaptability, and the standby power supply can normally work for no less than 2 hours.
Due to the above requirements, communication equipment used in a downhole environment is designed, manufactured and operated in consideration of the special environmental requirements of a mine. In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts a communication system for transmitting and receiving in both directions at the surface and underground, as shown in figure 1. The system realizes underground ground bidirectional communication by using multi-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, realizes synchronous receiving of frequency agreeing signals when fixed frequency signals are transmitted on the ground or underground according to a frequency synchronization method, and realizes underground and ground communication and positioning.
The invention designs the following technical implementation scheme:
1. the electromagnetic wave with the frequency of 100KHz-1MHz is utilized to realize the penetration of the underground medium, thereby achieving the purpose of communication. According to the penetration capability of electromagnetic waves, the low-frequency electromagnetic waves have high penetration capability, and the high-frequency electromagnetic waves have relatively poor penetration capability, and the frequency can be determined according to the depth of a mining area of a mine.
2. The electromagnetic wave is emitted by using underground electric dipole. The electric dipole consists of two (about 100m long) cable wires (normal), and the equivalent circuit diagram of the transmitting coil of the transmitter is shown in fig. 2. The transmitting voltage of the transmitter is 3V, and the power supply can be realized by a common battery. The power supply is realized by the mine lamp underground. The mode of underground application is grounding and power supply, pulling the antenna open, adjusting the 'frequency selection switch' and 'modulation selection switch', pressing the button, and automatically transmitting.
3. Different gap times are used for transmission in order to save energy of the power supply.
4. The antenna with the length of 150m is arranged on the ground to receive the information transmitted from the underground, and the sensitivity of the well-ground communication receiver reaches 10 -7 And V. The circuit schematic diagram of the receiving system is shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
(1) under the complex conditions of mine accidents, communication interruption and the like, the system realizes the two-way communication of the position of the electronic meter, can transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals on the ground and underground, realizes the two-way communication between the underground and the ground, and overcomes the defect that the conventional communication system can only realize one-way communication.
(2) The transmitter has low power, light weight, small volume and simple and convenient use. May be equipped to individuals or groups without burdening downhole personnel.
(3) The receiver employs relatively complex high-sensitivity reception techniques.
The main functions are as follows:
1. technical indexes of underground communication equipment:
frequency: 0.1-1 MHz; voltage: 3V; current: 0.5A; length of underground antenna: 100 meters; length of the ground antenna: 150 m; receiver sensitivity: 10-7V.
2. The transmitter is powered by the miner's lamp power supply. The downhole mode of operation is: the power supply is connected, the antenna is pulled open, and the frequency selection switch and the modulation selection switch are adjusted. A button is pressed and the message is automatically sent for, for example, 5 minutes and then sent for, for example, 50 minutes. The rest mode is used to save power.
3. The transmitter uses a 'frequency selection switch' to select 100KHz frequency points in the working frequency band, and each frequency point represents a specific transmitter position. The position of the transmitter can be inferred from the frequency of the received signal.
4. The transmitter uses a ' modulation selection switch ' to indicate the user's condition: 'alive', 'good', 'anoxic', 'food deficient', 'water deficient'.
5. The transmitter is arranged in an aluminum cylinder (12 cm long and 6 cm in diameter), and a frequency selection switch, a modulation selection switch and a power socket are respectively arranged on two end faces of the cylinder.
6. The antenna is two 0.5 mm thick insulated wires wound in parallel on a bobbin, which is mounted outside the aluminum cylinder. When the mine antenna is used, one end of the antenna is fixed at a certain position in a mine, and the other end of the antenna is pulled open in the mine by a user.
The principle of the method and the device of the invention is as follows:
1. the 100KHz-1MHz electromagnetic wave realizes the penetration of underground medium, achieving the purpose of communication. According to the penetration capability of the electromagnetic waves, the low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetration capability, and the high-frequency electromagnetic waves have relatively poor penetration capability, so that the frequency can be determined according to the depth of a mining area of a mine.
2. The electromagnetic wave is emitted by using underground electric dipole. The electric dipole is composed of two (about 100m long) cable wires (common), the transmitting voltage of the transmitter is 3V, and the common battery can realize power supply. The power supply is realized by the mine lamp underground. The mode of underground application is grounding and power supply, pulling the antenna open, adjusting the 'frequency selection switch' and 'modulation selection switch', pressing the button, and automatically transmitting.
3. Different gap times are used for transmission in order to save energy of the power supply.
4. A150 m long antenna is arranged on the ground to receive information transmitted from the underground, and the sensitivity of a well-ground communication receiver reaches 10-7V.
The transmitter adopted by the invention has low power, light weight, small volume and simple and convenient use. Can be equipped to individuals or teams without burdening downhole personnel, and surface receivers employ relatively complex high sensitivity reception techniques.
The main functions are as follows:
1. technical indexes of underground communication equipment:
frequency: 0.1 to 1 megahertz; voltage: 3V; current: 0.5A; length of underground antenna: 100 meters; length of the ground antenna: 150 m; receiver sensitivity: 10-7V.
2. The transmitter is powered by a miner's lamp power supply. The downhole mode of operation is: the power supply is connected, the antenna is pulled open, and the frequency selection switch and the modulation selection switch are adjusted. A button is pressed to automatically transmit for example 5 minutes, and then transmit for a gap of for example 50 minutes. The rest mode is used to save power.
3. The transmitter uses a 'frequency selection switch' to select 100KHZ frequency points in the working frequency band, and each frequency point represents a specific transmitter position. The position of the transmitter can be inferred from the received signal frequency.
4. The transmitter uses a ' modulation selection switch ' to indicate the user's condition: 'alive', 'good', 'anoxic', 'food deficient', 'water deficient'.
5. The transmitter is arranged in an aluminum cylinder (12 cm long and 6 cm in diameter), and a frequency selection switch, a modulation selection switch and a power socket are respectively arranged on two end faces of the cylinder.
6. The antenna is two 0.5 mm thick insulated wires wound in parallel on a bobbin, which is mounted outside the aluminum cylinder. When the mine antenna is used, one end of the antenna is fixed at a certain position in a mine, and the other end of the antenna is pulled open in the mine by a user.
The frequency points in the invention are as follows: each frequency bin represents a particular transmitter location, and thus the transmitter location can be inferred from the frequency of the received signal.
For example: waves of a particular frequency can be accurately transmitted using a crystal oscillator. The crystal oscillator has low power, light weight and small volume. The specific wavelength band of the crystal oscillator is preset according to the depth of the coal mine, for example, 100KHZ represents 600 meters underground, 200KHZ represents 500 meters underground, 300KHZ represents 400 meters underground, 400KHZ represents 300 meters underground, 500KHZ represents 200 meters underground, 600KHZ represents 100 meters underground, (the lower the frequency, the stronger the ability to penetrate the ground, the farther away from the ground), a person or the team is trapped 300 meters underground, and then the preset 400KHZ is selected at the frequency selection switch. When the modulation selection switch selects 'food lacking' in one of 'active', 'good', 'anoxic', 'food lacking' and 'water lacking' in the state of a person or a team, then a downhole existing power supply such as a miner's lamp power supply (the miner's lamp power supply is that each downhole worker must wear a safe power supply) is connected, after the switch is turned on to transmit, 400KHZ frequency is formed, the frequency is transmitted at intervals, and the frequency is amplified and transmitted through a cable antenna (required cables of the cable antenna or cables in a self-contained or underground mine).
Meanwhile, the ground receiving antenna is in a constantly opened state. The ground receiving antenna can be arranged at one point or can be continuously arranged at multiple points, and signals are collected together. The frequency and the specific signal are received, and the information of the personnel below is received after the signal is amplified. And comparing the mine elevation map to judge the position of the personnel.
The receiver can receive the multi-frequency signal transmitted by the transmitter simultaneously or sequentially. Since the receiver receives signals with known frequency, narrow-band mid-amplification technique can be used to achieve low-noise reception. The receiver uses a long cable antenna and a large diameter coil antenna laid on the ground or ground.
Claims (10)
1. An underground mine and ground emergency communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps: installing a transmitter on an underground mine personnel, wherein the transmitter transmits electromagnetic wave signals of at least two frequencies according to manual selection; and erecting a receiver on the ground, and judging the state information and the position information of underground personnel by the frequency of the received electromagnetic wave signal after the receiver receives the electromagnetic wave signal.
2. The underground mine and ground emergency communication method of claim 1, wherein: the receiver erected on the ground is provided with a plurality of ground receiving ends at different positions on the ground, and the accurate position of underground mine personnel is judged according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave signals received by all the ground receiving ends.
3. The underground mine and ground emergency communication method of claim 1, wherein: wherein the ground receiving end specifically refers to a 150-meter antenna arranged in a circle; wherein each frequency of the electromagnetic wave signals represents a type of state information of the mineworker.
4. The utility model provides an emergent communication device in underground mine and ground which characterized in that: the transmitter consists of a signal generator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna which are connected in sequence, the receiver comprises a receiving coil, a preamplifier, a compensator, a main amplifier and a DSP processor which are connected in sequence, the compensator is connected with a reference signal, and the DSP processor is connected with the reference signal through a reference signal amplifying circuit.
5. The underground mine and ground emergency communication device of claim 4, wherein: the transmitter is arranged in a cylindrical shell, a winding shaft is arranged on the shell, two insulated wires are wound on the winding shaft in parallel, one end of each insulated wire is connected with the transmitter in the shell, and the other end of each insulated wire is connected with a cable in an underground mine, so that an electric dipole is formed to serve as a transmitting antenna.
6. The underground mine and ground emergency communication device of claim 5, wherein: wherein the length of the cable in the underground mine is 100 meters.
7. The underground mine and ground emergency communication device of claim 5, wherein: wherein the receiving coil of the receiver comprises a 150m long antenna.
8. The underground mine and ground emergency communication device of claim 5, wherein: wherein the receiver has a sensitivity of not less than 10 -7 V。
9. The underground mine and ground emergency communication device of claim 4, wherein: the mine depth is 300-500 m, the power supply of the transmitter adopts an underground existing power supply, the antenna of the transmitter is a cable antenna, the cable antenna adopts a cable in an underground mine, the transmitter is preset with a plurality of frequencies and respectively represents the position and state information of a miner, the transmitter adopts a crystal oscillator to ensure accurate transmitting frequency, the receiver can realize simultaneous or sequential receiving of multi-frequency signals transmitted by the transmitter, the receiver adopts a narrow-band intermediate-frequency receiving mode to achieve low-noise receiving, and the receiver adopts a long cable antenna and a large-diameter coil antenna which are laid on the ground or on the ground.
10. An underground mine and ground emergency communication method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) under the emergency condition, the position and the basic condition of a ground receiving station, underground or underground personnel are provided through the transmission of signals;
(2) a signal transmitter is arranged on a safety helmet of a worker in the underground, and a transmitting antenna adopts a cable in a self-carrying or underground mine;
(3) the receiver adopts a multi-frequency low-noise electromagnetic wave receiver;
(4) the communication content transmits the safety condition and position information of underground personnel through the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal;
(5) the method of multiple ground receiving ends is adopted to realize the positioning of the underground emission source, thereby achieving the accurate positioning of the underground personnel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210263045.2A CN115119147A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Underground mine and ground emergency communication method and device |
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| CN202210263045.2A CN115119147A (en) | 2022-03-17 | 2022-03-17 | Underground mine and ground emergency communication method and device |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034835A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-08-16 | 斯托拉尔公司 | The intermediate frequency mine communication system |
| CN101331727A (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-12-24 | 株式会社东芝 | Transmission method, transmitter, and receiver for multi antenna wireless communication system |
| US20090257316A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Vmi Foundation, Inc. | System for communicating location of survivors in mine emergencies |
| CN101737081A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-16 | 张飞然 | Underground emergency searching and rescuing wireless communication system for transmitting signals by utilizing rail |
| CN202261270U (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳市明生通讯科技有限公司 | Mine through-the-earth communication rescue information system |
-
2022
- 2022-03-17 CN CN202210263045.2A patent/CN115119147A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034835A (en) * | 1987-05-29 | 1989-08-16 | 斯托拉尔公司 | The intermediate frequency mine communication system |
| CN101331727A (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-12-24 | 株式会社东芝 | Transmission method, transmitter, and receiver for multi antenna wireless communication system |
| US20090257316A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Vmi Foundation, Inc. | System for communicating location of survivors in mine emergencies |
| CN101737081A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-16 | 张飞然 | Underground emergency searching and rescuing wireless communication system for transmitting signals by utilizing rail |
| CN202261270U (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳市明生通讯科技有限公司 | Mine through-the-earth communication rescue information system |
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