CN115118317A - Iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a transmitting terminal transmits pilot frequency data; the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the pilot frequency data to obtain a channel matrix H; according to H, obtaining a channel inverse matrix H by using a QR decomposition mode ‑1 (ii) a According to H ‑1 Performing left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P; transmitting the P to a transmitting end by utilizing an uplink channel; then, pre-coding the multi-stream data and the P to obtain pre-coded multi-stream data; the receiving end performs SVD by using H to obtain n eigenvalues of a channel matrix H and calculates a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue; calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value; and according to the proportion R, stopping iteration when the proportion R is smaller than a threshold value, and otherwise, continuing the iteration. The invention can solve the problem of multiple singular values of the channel matrixThe problem of streams not being able to demodulate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave wireless communication technology, in particular to an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves.
Background
Under the millimeter wave wireless communication environment, due to the advantage that the millimeter wave carrier is positioned in a high frequency band, the frequency spectrum resource is rich, and the characteristics of interference resistance are achieved; however, the millimeter wave frequency band is high, and the defects of large propagation attenuation, weak obstacle crossing capability and the like exist, so that the millimeter wave frequency band is often applied to line of sight (LOS MIMO) transmission in a millimeter wave communication environment;
in an LOS MIMO channel, antennas in the same polarization direction have the condition of similar phase and amplitude when receiving data, so that a channel matrix has singular values, and multi-stream data cannot be demodulated finally;
in the prior art, the distance between the remote antennas is adopted to ensure that the phases of data received by the multiple antennas are dissimilar, so that a channel matrix has no singular value, and multi-stream data can be demodulated; however, when the method is used for long-distance transmission, the data phase dissimilarity is ensured by continuously extending the distance, so that the distance between the antennas cannot be infinitely expanded due to the limitation of the size of a receiving end, and the problem of singular values of a channel matrix cannot be effectively solved by the method;
in the other method, the data amplitude of the receiving antenna has better isolation by adjusting the polarization direction of the antenna, so that the channel matrix is ensured to reach the condition of inversion, and the problem of multi-stream solution is solved; when the number of streams is low, the problem of multi-stream solution can be guaranteed through polarization, but when the number of streams is large, the polarization mode is difficult to guarantee good isolation, and the problem that demodulation cannot be achieved in multi-stream solution also exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an iterative precoding multi-stream method, medium and device suitable for millimeter waves, so as to solve the problem that multi-stream demodulation cannot be performed due to the fact that a channel matrix has singular values.
The invention provides an iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: pilot frequency data of a transmitting end is transmitted in different ports;
step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot data to obtain a channel matrix H of n x n;
and step 3: obtaining a corresponding channel inverse matrix H by using a QR decomposition mode according to the channel matrix H of n x n -1 ；
And 4, step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P;
and 5: storing the current pre-coding matrix P, and transmitting the current pre-coding matrix P to a transmitting terminal by using an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting terminal, the transmitting terminal performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain multi-stream data after the precoding processing;
and 7: the receiving end carries out SVD by using the n-x-n channel matrix H to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
and 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to the n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
and step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, when the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, the iteration stops subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, the iteration is continued.
In some embodiments, step 2 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 201: conjugate multiplication is carried out on the pilot frequency data received by each receiving port and the local pilot frequency data corresponding to each receiving port to obtain H j Indicating channel data corresponding to the jth receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, calculating H corresponding to each transmitting port and each receiving port by using a code division and frequency division demodulation mode i,j Indicating channel data corresponding to the ith transmitting port and the jth receiving port; thus obtaining a channel matrix H of n x n; i is 1,2,3, …, n, j is 1,2,3, …, n.
In some embodiments, step 3 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 301: and (3) carrying out QR decomposition according to the formula (1) according to the channel matrix H of n x n:
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the channel matrix H of n x n according to a formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Where Q is an orthogonal matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H And R is an upper triangular matrix.
In some embodiments, step 4 comprises the sub-steps of:
step 401: defining an identity matrix P with an initial value of n x n for a precoding matrix 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating a current precoding matrix according to equation (3),
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein, the current precoding matrix P is the precoding matrix P of the mth iteration m (ii) a M is the number of iterations, M ═ 1,2, 3.., M; and M is the set total iteration number.
In some embodiments, the method for the transmitting end to perform precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P in step 6 is as follows:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein, Y is multi-stream data after pre-coding processing; and X is multi-stream data before precoding processing.
In some embodiments, the pilot data at the transmitting end in step 1 is sent in different ports in a time division, code division and/or frequency division manner.
In some embodiments, the pilot data is generated using a GLOD sequence in step 1.
The invention also provides a computer terminal storage medium, which stores computer terminal executable instructions, wherein the computer terminal executable instructions are used for executing the iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves.
The present invention also provides a computing device comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the above-described iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to mmwave.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves, the requirement on the installation distance between the antennas can be effectively reduced by adopting the returned channel precoding data; the requirement of antenna polarization isolation is also reduced by using a precoding iteration technology; by adopting the iterative precoding technology, the problem that multi-stream demodulation cannot be realized due to the fact that singular values exist in a channel matrix can be solved only by short installation distances and small isolation requirements between antennas under the condition that the number of streams is large.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for a millimeter wave in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of frequency division and code division of port numbers and pilot data in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves, which includes the following steps:
step 1: pilot frequency data of a transmitting end is transmitted in different ports; in this embodiment:
(1) the pilot frequency data of the transmitting terminal is transmitted in different ports by adopting a time division, code division and/or frequency division mode;
(2) the pilot data is generated using a GLOD sequence.
Step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot data to obtain a channel matrix H of n x n:
step 201: the pilot frequency data received by each receiving port is corresponding to the local area of each receiving portConjugate multiplication is carried out on the ground pilot frequency data to obtain H j Indicating channel data corresponding to the jth receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, calculating H corresponding to each transmitting port and each receiving port by using a code division and frequency division demodulation mode i,j Indicating channel data corresponding to the ith transmitting port and the jth receiving port; thus obtaining a channel matrix H of n x n; i is 1,2,3, …, n, j is 1,2,3, …, n.
And step 3: obtaining a corresponding channel inverse matrix H by using a QR decomposition mode according to the channel matrix H of n x n -1 ：
Step 301: and (3) carrying out QR decomposition according to the formula (1) according to the channel matrix H of n x n:
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the channel matrix H of n x n according to a formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Where Q is an orthogonal matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H And R is an upper triangular matrix.
And 4, step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And carrying out left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P:
step 401: defining an identity matrix P with an initial value of n x n for a precoding matrix 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H est -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating the current precoding matrix according to the formula (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein, the current precoding matrix P is the precoding matrix P of the mth iteration m (ii) a M is the number of iterations, M ═ 1,2, 3.., M; m is set totalThe number of iterations.
And 5: storing the current pre-coding matrix P, and transmitting the current pre-coding matrix P to a transmitting terminal by using an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting terminal, the transmitting terminal performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after precoding processing:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein, Y is multi-stream data after pre-coding processing; and X is multi-stream data before precoding processing.
And 7: the receiving end performs SVD by using the n-by-n channel matrix to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrix:
and 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to the n eigenvalues of the channel matrix;
and step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, when the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, iteration is stopped for subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, iteration is continued.
Example (c):
and transmitting pilot data by using 4 x 4 antennas, a subcarrier frequency of 30KHz and the number of subcarriers of 3276, and sequentially performing iterative precoding and multi-streaming until a channel matrix characteristic value meets a condition, and determining that the link establishment is successful. The iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves thus comprises the steps of:
step 1: the pilot frequency data of the transmitting terminal is transmitted in different ports by adopting frequency division and code division modes; as shown in fig. 2, an antenna port 0 transmits pilot data 1 at odd frequency points and transmits 0 at even frequency points; an antenna port 1 sends pilot frequency data 2 at odd frequency points and sends 0 at even frequency points; an antenna port 3 sends pilot frequency data 1 at even frequency points and sends 0 at odd frequency points; the antenna port 3 sends pilot frequency data 2 at even frequency points and sends 0 at odd frequency points; the odd position of pilot data 2 is the same as the odd position data of pilot data 1, and the even position of pilot data 2 is opposite to the even data symbol of pilot data 1, where the pilot data is 1638 complex data.
Step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot data to obtain a 4 x 4 channel matrix H: the receiving end carries out conjugate multiplication on the pilot frequency data received by the corresponding antenna ports 1,2,3 and 4 and the local pilot frequency data 1, and calculates H by using odd frequency points and a code division demodulation mode 1,1 ，H 1,2 ，H 1,3 ，H 1,4 ，H 2,1 ，H 2,2 ，H 2,3 ，H 2,4 (ii) a H is calculated by using even frequency points and in a code division demodulation mode 3,1 ，H 3,2 ，H 3,3 ，H 3,4 ，H 4,1 ，H 4,2 ，H 4,3 ，H 4,4 Finally, a 4 × 4 channel matrix H is obtained.
And step 3: according to the 4 x 4 channel matrix H, a QR decomposition mode is utilized to obtain a corresponding channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H＝Q*R
H -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1
Wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix and R is an upper triangular matrix.
And 4, step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And performing left multiplication operation on the precoding matrix of the previous time to obtain a current precoding matrix P:
step 401: defining an identity matrix P with an initial precoding matrix value of 4 x 4 0 ：
Step 402: according to the inverse matrix H of the channel -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating the current precoding matrix according to the formula (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein, the current precoding matrix P is the precoding matrix P of the mth iteration m (ii) a M is the number of iterations, M ═ 1,2, 3.., M; total iterations M equals 100.
And 5: storing the current pre-coding matrix P, and transmitting the current pre-coding matrix P to a transmitting terminal by using an uplink channel;
and 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting terminal, the transmitting terminal performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after precoding processing:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein, Y is multi-stream data after precoding, and is 1 × 4 vector band transmission data; x is multi-stream data before precoding, which is 1 × 4 data vector in this example;
and 7: the receiving end carries out SVD by using the 4 x 4 channel matrix H to obtain 4 eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
and 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue max _ val and a minimum eigenvalue min _ val according to the 4 eigenvalues of the channel matrix;
and step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value:
R＝max_val/min_val
step 10: according to the ratio R, when the ratio R is smaller than 16 (the threshold value is set to be 16 in the example), iteration is stopped to perform subsequent service data transmission, and if the ratio R is larger than or equal to 16, iteration is continued.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computer-terminal storage medium is provided, storing computer-terminal executable instructions, wherein the computer-terminal executable instructions are configured to perform the iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to mmwave as described in the previous embodiments. Examples of the computer storage medium include a magnetic storage medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, etc.), an optical recording medium (e.g., a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc.), or a memory such as a memory card, a ROM, a RAM, or the like. The computer storage media may also be distributed over a network-connected computer system, such as an application store.
Furthermore, in some embodiments, a computing device is presented, comprising: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform an iterative precoding multi-stream method adapted for mmwave as described in previous embodiments. Examples of computing devices include PCs, tablets, smart phones, or PDAs, among others.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An iterative precoding multi-stream method suitable for millimeter waves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: pilot frequency data of a transmitting end is transmitted in different ports;
step 2: the receiving end carries out channel estimation on the received pilot data to obtain a channel matrix H of n x n;
and step 3: obtaining a corresponding channel inverse matrix H by using a QR decomposition mode according to the channel matrix H of n x n -1 ；
And 4, step 4: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 Performing left multiplication operation with the previous precoding matrix to obtain a current precoding matrix P;
and 5: storing the current pre-coding matrix P, and transmitting the current pre-coding matrix P to a transmitting terminal by using an uplink channel;
step 6: after the current precoding matrix P is transmitted to the transmitting terminal, the transmitting terminal performs precoding processing on the multi-stream data and the current precoding matrix P to obtain the multi-stream data after the precoding processing;
and 7: the receiving end carries out SVD by using the n-x-n channel matrix H to obtain n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
and 8: calculating a maximum eigenvalue and a minimum eigenvalue according to the n eigenvalues of the channel matrix H;
and step 9: calculating the ratio R of the maximum characteristic value to the minimum characteristic value according to the maximum characteristic value and the minimum characteristic value;
step 10: and according to the proportion R, when the proportion R is smaller than the threshold value, the iteration stops subsequent service data transmission, otherwise, the iteration is continued.
2. The iterative precoding multiflow method for mmwave of claim 1, wherein step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 201: conjugate multiplication is carried out on the pilot frequency data received by each receiving port and the local pilot frequency data corresponding to each receiving port to obtain H j Indicating channel data corresponding to the jth receiving port;
step 202: according to the channel data, calculating H corresponding to each transmitting port and each receiving port by using a code division and frequency division demodulation mode i,j Indicating channel data corresponding to the ith transmitting port and the jth receiving port; thus obtaining a channel matrix H of n x n; i is 1,2,3, …, n, j is 1,2,3, …, n.
3. The iterative precoding multiflow method for mmwave of claim 1, wherein step 3 comprises the following substeps:
step 301: and (3) carrying out QR decomposition according to the formula (1) according to the channel matrix H of n x n:
H＝Q*R (1)
wherein Q is an orthogonal matrix, and R is an upper triangular matrix;
step 302: according to QR decomposition, inverting the channel matrix H of n x n according to a formula (2) to obtain a channel inverse matrix H -1 ：
H -1 ＝(Q*R) -1 ＝R -1 *Q -1 ＝R -1 *Q H (2)
Where Q is an orthogonal matrix, so Q -1 ＝Q H And R is an upper triangular matrix.
4. The iterative precoding multiflow method for mmwave of claim 1, wherein step 4 comprises the following substeps:
step 401: defining an identity matrix P with an initial value of n x n for a precoding matrix 0 ；
Step 402: according to the channel inverse matrix H -1 And a precoding matrix, calculating the current precoding matrix according to the formula (3):
P m ＝H -1 *P m-1 (3)
wherein, the current precoding matrix P is the precoding matrix P of the mth iteration m (ii) a M is the number of iterations, M ═ 1,2, 3.., M; and M is the set total iteration number.
5. The iterative precoding multiflow method applicable to mmwaves of claim 1, wherein the method for precoding multiflow data and the current precoding matrix P by the transmitting end in step 6 is as follows:
Y＝X*P (4)
wherein, Y is multi-stream data after pre-coding processing; and X is multi-stream data before precoding processing.
6. The iterative precoding multiflow method applicable to mmwaves of claim 1, wherein the pilot data at the transmitting end in step 1 is sent in different ports in a time division, code division, and/or frequency division manner.
7. The iterative precoding multi-stream method for millimeter waves according to claim 1, wherein the pilot data in step 1 is generated by using a GLOD sequence.
8. A computer terminal storage medium storing computer terminal-executable instructions for performing the iterative precoding multi-stream method applicable to mmwave of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. A computing device, comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the iterative precoding multi-stream method adapted for mmwave of any of claims 1 to 7.
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