CN115117398B - PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation-based cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system - Google Patents
PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation-based cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of combined cooling, heating and power supply, and discloses a cooling, heating, power and hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation, which comprises a renewable energy power generation system, a lithium battery, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank, a PEMFC pile, a heat storage tank and an auxiliary energy supply system; the renewable energy power generation system is used for providing electric energy, the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery; or the electric energy is transmitted to a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by a lithium battery; oxygen and hydrogen enter the PEMFC stack to generate chemical reaction to generate liquid water and heat energy; the PEMFC stack is used for providing electric load for the outside and providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system. The invention realizes the conversion and utilization of renewable energy sources based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed running cold-heat-electricity-hydrogen combined supply system, and simultaneously realizes the cyclic conversion between water, hydrogen and oxygen.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combined cooling, heating and power supply, and particularly relates to a cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PE MFC closed operation.
Background
With the development of hydrogen energy technology, the use of hydrogen has become economically more and more viable, especially in large-scale stationary applications. Compared with the traditional power equipment, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell has the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, high stability, low noise and the like. In addition, 45% -60% of the hydrogen energy is not utilized during the operation of the PEMFC and is wasted in the form of heat. The waste heat generated by the PEMFC is utilized, so that energy sources can be effectively saved, and the cascade utilization of the energy sources is realized.
Both the Chinese patent CN202122619455.X and the CN202122019824.1 disclose a combined cooling heating and power system based on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, but the two systems both need to provide hydrogen outside, the hydrogen has certain potential safety hazard in the transportation and storage processes, and meanwhile, the liquid water generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell cannot be recycled and directly discharged, so that energy loss is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC (proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell) -PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) closed operation, which aims to solve the problems that the cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system needs to provide hydrogen externally and liquid water in the system cannot be recycled.
The invention provides a cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation, which comprises a renewable energy power generation system, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell, a lithium battery, a PEMFC stack, a heat storage tank and an auxiliary energy supply system;
The renewable energy power generation system is used for providing electric energy, the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery; or the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by the lithium battery; the oxygen and the hydrogen enter the PEMFC stack to generate chemical reaction so as to generate liquid water and heat energy; the liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank, and the heat energy is conveyed to the heat storage tank for storage;
the PEMFC pile is used for providing electric load for the outside and providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system, and the auxiliary energy supply system provides heat energy for the heat storage tank or realizes refrigeration based on the electric power.
Still further, the PEMFC stack includes a first stack for providing an external electrical load and a second stack for providing electrical power to the auxiliary power supply system; the first pile is provided with a first PID controller which is used for controlling the electric load provided by the first pile to the outside; and a second PID controller is arranged on the second electric pile and is used for controlling the electric power.
Further, the auxiliary energy supply system is an electric heater, and the heat power generated by the electric heater is transmitted to the heat storage tank to generate heat load.
Furthermore, a refrigerating system is connected in parallel to the heat storage tank, and the refrigerating system realizes a refrigerating function through the heat energy.
Still further, the auxiliary energy supply system is a refrigerator which realizes refrigeration based on the thermal power provided by the PEMFC stack.
Furthermore, the renewable energy power generation system is a solar photovoltaic array, the solar photovoltaic array is formed by parallel connection of array components, and the array components are formed by series connection of photovoltaic panels.
Further, the working efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell is between 60% and 85%.
Furthermore, a buffer storage tank is arranged at the anode outlet of the PEMFC stack and used for storing the liquid water, and a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank are arranged at the output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
Further, the SOC interval of the lithium battery is 20% -90%.
Further, the refrigerating system adopts a double-bed adsorption refrigerator, and the heat storage tank is made of a phase change heat storage material.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. the renewable energy power generation system provides electric energy, electrolyzed water generates hydrogen and oxygen and stores the hydrogen and the oxygen, so that the problems of fluctuation and intermittence of renewable energy can be solved, meanwhile, the closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC is realized, the hydrogen and the oxygen generated by PEMEC and the liquid water generated by the PEMFC can be mutually converted and supplemented, the 100% utilization rate of reactants can be realized, the waste heat of the PEMFC stack is fully utilized, the energy is saved, and the system integrates hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen utilization into a whole, and provides cold power, heat power and electric load for the outside.
2. In addition, an auxiliary energy supply system is arranged, and real-time matching can be realized according to external cold power or hot power.
3. In addition, the first PID controller is arranged to regulate and control the electric load conveyed by the outside in real time, and meanwhile, the second PID controller is arranged to regulate and control the hot power or the cold power of the auxiliary energy supply system in real time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a cold-hot combined hydrogen supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation.
The corresponding structure of each numerical mark in the attached drawings is as follows: the system comprises a 1-renewable energy power generation system, a 2-proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 3-lithium battery, a 4-PEMFC stack, a 41-first stack, a 42-second stack, a 43-first PID controller, a 44 second PID controller, a 5-heat storage tank, a 6-refrigerating system and a 7-refrigerating machine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the invention provides a cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation, which comprises a renewable energy power generation system 1, a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank 2, a lithium battery 3, a PEMFC stack 4, a heat storage tank 5 and an auxiliary energy supply system; wherein the renewable energy power generation system 1 is used for providing electric energy; the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank 2 for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery 3; or the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank 2 for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by the lithium battery 3, specifically, an electric power difference (delta Pe) between the renewable energy power generation system (Pe pv) and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank (Pe PEME) is supplemented by the lithium battery; oxygen and hydrogen enter the PEMFC stack 4 to undergo chemical reaction to produce liquid water and heat energy; the liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank, and the heat energy is conveyed to a heat storage tank 5 for storage; the PEMFC stack is used for providing an electric load to the outside and providing electric power to the auxiliary energy supply system, which provides heat energy to the heat storage tank 5 or realizes a refrigerating function based on the electric power, and each component will be described in detail below.
Specifically, the renewable energy power generation system 1 can generate power by adopting renewable energy sources such as wind energy, hydraulic power or solar energy, in the embodiment, the renewable energy power generation system 1 is a solar photovoltaic array, the solar photovoltaic array is formed by parallel connection of array components, the array components are formed by series connection of photovoltaic panels, preferably, the array components are formed by series connection of 10 photovoltaic panels, and the solar photovoltaic array operates at a maximum power point under all solar radiation conditions and provides power for the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer; similarly, the proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank is formed by parallel connection of battery packs, each battery pack is formed by serial connection of single fuel cells, a battery pack and an array assembly are connected in series to form a single module, and the modules are connected in parallel; the working efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is 60% -85%, and preferably, in the embodiment, the working efficiency of the electrolyzer is controlled to be 80%, so that the generation efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen is improved.
Further, the lithium battery 3 is used to balance the power difference between the solar photovoltaic array and the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell 2, and the SOC is an abbreviation of stateofcharge, and generally represents the charging proportion of the lithium battery to be full of 100%; SOC, state of charge, also called residual charge, represents the ratio of the residual capacity of a battery after it has been used for a period of time or has been left unused for a long period of time to the capacity of its fully charged state, expressed as a common percentage, ranging from 0% to 100%, but taking into account the chemical battery reaction characteristics: threshold boundary, static and dynamic difference, multiplying power difference, estimation precision difference and the like, and a buffer interval is reserved for SOC estimation to ensure that the battery works in a safety area at any moment, preferably, in the embodiment, the SOC interval of the lithium battery is 20% -90% so as to improve the service life of the lithium battery; the PEMFC electric pile adopts an oxyhydrogen water-cooled electric pile, and the electric pile temperature of the oxyhydrogen water-cooled electric pile is controlled at 75-85 ℃.
The PEMFC stack 4 includes a first stack 41 for providing an electric load to the outside, and a second stack 42 for providing electric power to the auxiliary power supply system; the first pile is provided with a first PID controller 43, the first PID controller 43 is used for controlling the electric load provided by the first pile 41 to the outside, specifically, the first PID controller 43 controls the output current I 1 of the first pile 41 so as to control the output electric power (Pe 1) to control the electric load of the outside; the second pile 42 is provided with a second PID controller 43, and the second pile 43 supplies electric power (Pe 2) to the auxiliary power supply system.
As shown in fig. 1, when the cold-heat-electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation is used in summer, a cooling load is required to be provided for the outside, at this time, the heat storage tank 5 is connected with the cooling system 6 in parallel, the cooling system 6 starts to refrigerate through heat energy generated by the PEMFC so as to generate cooling power, the cooling power is used for generating cooling load, and when the cooling system 6 cannot meet the cooling demand, at this time, the auxiliary energy supply system is the refrigerator 7, and the refrigerator 7 is used for providing insufficient cooling power of the cooling system so as to provide insufficient cooling load of the cooling system; specifically, the refrigeration system 6 employs an adsorption refrigerator that generates cold power (Pc Ads) using heat energy (Q) generated by the PEMFC stack, a portion (Pc Aux) of which cold power is insufficient is compensated by the refrigerator 7, and the required electric power thereof is supplied by the second stack 42; meanwhile, the current I 2 of the second electric pile 41 is adjusted by using the second PID controller 44, so that the real-time adjustment of the cold load is realized, after a part of heat energy (Q) is lost by the adsorption refrigerator, the heat energy (Q) enters the heat storage tank 5 to store a part of heat energy, the rest of heat energy and the heat energy (Q) generated by the electric pile are mixed and then enter the heat storage tank again, and the heat energy (delta Q 2) stored in the heat storage tank is used for meeting the external heat load.
As shown in fig. 2, when the cold-hot electricity-hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation is used in winter and external heat supply is needed, at this time, the heat energy (delta Q 2) stored in the heat storage tank cannot meet the external heat supply requirement, at this time, the auxiliary energy supply system is an electric heater, and the heat power generated by the electric heater is transmitted to the heat storage tank 5 for generating heat load. Specifically, the heat energy (Q 1+Q2) generated by the first electric pile generator 41 and the second electric pile generator is stored in the heat storage tank, the stored heat energy preferentially satisfies the external heat load, insufficient heat energy (Q Aux) is compensated by the electric heater, and the electric power required by the electric heater is provided by the second electric pile 42. Meanwhile, the second PID controller 44 realizes real-time adjustment of the thermal load by adjusting the current I 2 of the second pile.
The oxyhydrogen fuel cell adopts a cathode-anode closed operation mode, a buffer storage tank is arranged at the anode outlet of the PEMFC stack and used for storing liquid water generated during anode pulse discharging, the liquid water is supplied to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank are arranged at the output end of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and hydrogen and oxygen generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are regulated to stable pressure through the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank and are conveyed into the PEMFC stack, so that the closed operation of PEMEC-PEMFC system is realized. Preferably, anode pulse arrangement is performed when the average voltage of the PEMFC stack drops by 10%; the heat storage tank is made of phase-change materials, and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change materials is preferably 40-50 ℃.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The cold-hot electricity hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation is characterized by comprising a renewable energy power generation system (1), a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank (2), a lithium battery (3), a PEMFC stack (4), a heat storage tank (5) and an auxiliary energy supply system;
the renewable energy power generation system (1) is used for providing electric energy which is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (2) for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the redundant electric energy is stored by the lithium battery (3); or the electric energy is transmitted to the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (2) for electrolyzing water into oxygen and hydrogen, and insufficient electric energy is provided by the lithium battery (3); the oxygen and the hydrogen enter the PEMFC stack (4) to generate chemical reaction so as to generate liquid water and heat energy; the liquid water is conveyed to a proton exchange membrane electrolytic tank, and the heat energy is conveyed to the heat storage tank (5) for storage;
The PEMFC pile (4) is used for providing electric load for the outside and providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system, the auxiliary energy supply system provides heat energy for the heat storage tank (5) or realizes refrigeration based on the electric power,
The PEMFC stack (4) comprises a first stack (41) and a second stack (42), wherein the first stack (41) is used for providing electric load for the outside, and the second stack is used for providing electric power for the auxiliary energy supply system; the first electric pile (41) is provided with a first PID controller (43), and the first PID controller (43) is used for controlling the electric load of the first electric pile (41) provided to the outside; the second pile (42) is provided with a second PID controller (44), and the second PID controller (44) is used for controlling the electric power.
2. A cold, hot and electricity hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the auxiliary energy supply system is an electric heater, and the heat power generated by the electric heater is transmitted to the heat storage tank (5) for generating heat load.
3. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the heat storage tank (5) is connected with a refrigerating system (6) in parallel, and the refrigerating system (6) realizes a refrigerating function through the heat energy.
4. A cold, hot and electricity hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as in claim 3, characterized in that said auxiliary energy supply system is a refrigerator (7), said refrigerator (7) realizing refrigeration based on the thermal power provided by said PEMFC stack (4).
5. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the renewable energy power generation system (1) is a solar photovoltaic array, the solar photovoltaic array is formed by parallel connection of array components, and the array components are formed by series connection of photovoltaic panels.
6. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the working efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is between 60% and 85%.
7. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein a buffer storage tank is arranged at the anode outlet of the PEMFC stack (4) for storing the liquid water, and a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank are arranged at the output end of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (2).
8. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SOC interval of the lithium battery is 20% -90%.
9. The cooling, heating and power hydrogen combined supply system based on PEMEC-PEMFC closed operation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the refrigerating system (6) adopts a double-bed adsorption refrigerator, and the heat storage tank is made of a phase-change heat storage material.
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