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CN115101860A - 一种防热失控的软包电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防热失控的软包电池及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115101860A
CN115101860A CN202210795067.3A CN202210795067A CN115101860A CN 115101860 A CN115101860 A CN 115101860A CN 202210795067 A CN202210795067 A CN 202210795067A CN 115101860 A CN115101860 A CN 115101860A
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于亚文
申永宽
王义飞
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Gotion High Tech Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183Sealing members
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/183Sealing members
    • H01M50/19Sealing members characterised by the material
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/392Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases with means for neutralising or absorbing electrolyte; with means for preventing leakage of electrolyte through vent holes
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种防热失控的软包电池,包括电芯,电芯外包裹有两层包装膜,且两层包装膜在电芯四周密封连接形成顶封区和侧封区,侧封区以及顶封区内位于两层包装膜连接处涂覆有耐热涂层。本发明通过将耐热涂层涂覆在两层包装膜连接处,增强封印强度;同时预留包装膜与极耳连接处为相对薄弱区,在电池主体发生热扩散时,优先从包装膜与极耳连接处爆破,而侧封区保持稳定,避免压力和热量从侧面破坏其它电芯,因此能够有效防止热失控。

Description

一种防热失控的软包电池及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及软包电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种防热失控的软包电池及其制备方法。
背景技术
采用铝塑膜进行封装的软包电池,具有内阻低、单体能量密度高和循环寿命长等优点。但软包电池没有泄压阀,在热失控后,内部气体和火焰朝不同方向随机喷出,会对其它电芯产生连锁影响。目前的解决方案是在电池间增加耐热气凝胶等进行隔热防护。虽然通过气凝胶隔绝方式可以缓解热失控,但电池实际热扩散时,高压气体还可以从侧面喷射,同样会对其它电池造成破坏。
现有的解决方案是,为软包电池预留一个或多个泄压面,而对其余接缝处进行加固,从而有选择地疏浚压力和热量,避免连锁热失控。例如通过将胶纸选择性覆盖在壳体的端面处,使电池发生热失控时只能从完全未被胶纸覆盖的泄压面爆破而释放压力;该方法理论上可起到延缓热扩散的作用,但仅在接缝和壳体间粘贴胶纸,未从封印薄弱处加强防护,因此对于热失控的防护效果不佳。
发明内容
基于背景技术中存在的技术问题,本发明提出了一种防热失控的软包电池及其制备方法。
本发明提出的一种防热失控的软包电池,包括电芯,电芯外包裹有两层包装膜,且两层包装膜在电芯四周密封连接形成顶封区和侧封区,侧封区以及顶封区内位于两层包装膜连接处涂覆有耐热涂层。
优选的,耐热涂层呈U型涂覆在两层包装膜连接处外端面及边缘。
优选的,耐热涂层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm。
优选的,耐热涂层的宽度为1-5mm。
优选的,耐热涂层超出两层包装膜连接处外端面宽度为0.1-1.5mm。
优选的,耐热涂层与两层包装膜间的剥离强度不小于100N/15mm。
优选的,包装膜为铝塑膜。
本发明还提出一种防热失控的软包电池的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将电芯放入包装膜内,进行侧封和顶封;
S2、封装后将电池进行烘烤、注液、化成;
S3、将多余的包装膜裁切掉,以在电芯四周形成顶封区、侧封区;
S4、在侧封区以及顶封区内位于两层包装膜连接处涂覆耐热涂层;
S5、对耐热涂层进行交联固化处理后,进行折边处理,完成软包电池的制备。
优选的,在步骤S4中,耐热涂层采用接触式涂覆或喷涂式涂覆。
优选的,在步骤S5中,耐热涂层的交联固化处理方式为UV交联固化或常温交联固化。
本发明提出的一种防热失控的软包电池,通过将耐热涂层涂覆在两层包装膜连接处,增强封印强度;同时预留包装膜与极耳连接处为相对薄弱区,在电池主体发生热扩散时,优先从包装膜与极耳连接处爆破,而侧封区保持稳定,避免压力和热量从侧面破坏其它电芯,因此能够有效防止热失控;并且通过直接粘连两层包装膜间的封印区,还能解决电解液漏出问题,进一步提升软包电池的安全性能。本发明基于软包电池热失控的失效分析,选择一个或多个泄压面,而对其它端面加强防护,依此通过选择性泄压方式,解决软包电池没有泄压阀的弊端,防止电池发生连锁热失控。
附图说明
图1为实施例一提出的一种防热失控的软包电池的结构示意图;
图2为图1中A-A向剖视图;
图3为实施例一提出的一种防热失控的软包电池的制备方法流程图;
图4为实施例二提出的一种防热失控的软包电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明,显然所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明的保护的范围。
实施例一
参照图1、图2,本发明提出一种防热失控的软包电池,包括电池主体1、两层包装膜2和耐热涂层3;其中:
电池主体1封装进两层包装膜2内;两层包装膜2在主体四周密封连接并形成顶封区21和侧封区22;顶封区21包括两层包装膜2连接处211以及两层包装膜2与极耳4连接处212,侧封区22以及顶封区21内位于两层包装膜连接处211涂覆有耐热涂层3。本实施例中,软包电池的极耳4采用两侧对出的形式,在不同面上分别设置正极耳41和负极耳42。
本实施例的核心是基于软包电池热失控的失效分析,选取侧封区22和顶封两层包装膜连接处211为耐热固化区,通过对其涂覆耐热涂层3进行交联固化防护。其中,耐热涂层3的材质不作具体限制,只需保证耐热涂层3粘结固化即可。同时选择顶封两层包装膜与极耳连接处212为泄压位,当电池主体1发生热扩散时,优先从泄压位212喷射,而耐热固化区22和211均不受影响,从而避免热蔓延导致的热失控。顶封区21中两层包装膜2与极耳连接区212不做任何处理,这样在简化工艺的同时,还能保证热失控时,压力和热量有选择性释放,避免对其余电芯造成连锁影响。
进一步地,耐热涂层3的厚度为0.1-1.0mm,宽度为1-5mm,其中耐热涂层3超出封印外端面宽度为0.1-1.5mm。
进一步地,耐热涂层3与两层包装膜2间的剥离强度不小于100N/15mm。
如图3,本发明提供的一种防热失控的软包电池的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将制作好的电芯1,放入已冲坑的两层包装膜2内,然后进行侧封和顶封;
S2、封装后将电池进行烘烤、注液、化成;
S3、封装好的电池在Degas工序裁切多余的包装膜,在主体四周形成侧封区22和顶封区21;
S4、分别在侧封区22和顶封区21两层包装膜连接处211的外端面及其边缘涂敷耐热涂层3,顶封区中两层包装膜与极耳连接区212不做任何处理;
S5、待耐热涂层3交联固化后,进行折边处理,完成软包电池的制备。
进一步地,耐热涂层3采用接触式涂敷或喷涂式涂敷,呈U型分别涂敷在侧封区22和顶封区21两层包装膜连接处211的外端面及其边缘,并进行交联固化处理。如此,可增强两层包装膜2间的连接强度,避免电池内部压力和热量从封印区扩散。
实施例二
如图4所示,本发明提出一种防热失控的软包电池,与实施例一不同之处在于,本实施例为一端出极耳形式的软包电池,正极耳41和负极耳42设置在同一个面上。其余结构与实施例一相同。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,包括电芯,电芯外包裹有两层包装膜,且两层包装膜在电芯四周密封连接形成顶封区和侧封区,侧封区以及顶封区内位于两层包装膜连接处涂覆有耐热涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,耐热涂层呈U型涂覆在两层包装膜连接处外端面及边缘。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,耐热涂层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,耐热涂层的宽度为1-5mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,耐热涂层超出两层包装膜连接处外端面宽度为0.1-1.5mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,耐热涂层与两层包装膜间的剥离强度不小于100N/15mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防热失控的软包电池,其特征在于,包装膜为铝塑膜。
8.一种如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的防热失控的软包电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将电芯放入包装膜内,进行侧封和顶封;
S2、封装后将电池进行烘烤、注液、化成;
S3、将多余的包装膜裁切掉,以在电芯四周形成顶封区、侧封区;
S4、在侧封区以及顶封区内位于两层包装膜连接处涂覆耐热涂层;
S5、对耐热涂层进行交联固化处理后,进行折边处理,完成软包电池的制备。
9.根据权利要求8所述的防热失控的软包电池的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S4中,耐热涂层采用接触式涂覆或喷涂式涂覆。
10.根据权利要求8所述的防热失控的软包电池的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S5中,耐热涂层的交联固化处理方式为UV交联固化或常温交联固化。
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