CN115093020A - Detoxification method of heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section - Google Patents
Detoxification method of heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/06—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment pH
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
- C02F2301/046—Recirculation with an external loop
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a detoxification method of a heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section, and relates to a detoxification method of a heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section. The invention aims to solve the problem that heavy metal ions have toxic action on microorganisms when the microorganisms treat heavy metal wastewater, so that the treatment capacity of the biological method for treating the heavy metal wastewater is influenced. According to the invention, the toxicity of heavy metal ions in the wastewater on microorganisms is reduced by methods such as aeration, multi-stage anaerobic treatment, co-metabolism carbon source addition, anaerobic effluent backflow and the like, the treatment capacity of anaerobic microorganisms is improved, and the removal capacity of heavy metal ions and organic matters in water is improved, so that the subsequent biochemical treatment process is facilitated. The invention is applied to the field of biological treatment of heavy metal sewage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a detoxification method of a heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section.
Background
In the treatment of heavy metal wastewater, the chemical method, the physical-chemical method and the biological method can treat and recycle heavy metals in the wastewater, and the biological method has the advantages of low cost, high benefit, easy management, no secondary pollution and the like. However, the tolerance of organisms to heavy metals is limited, and the death of microorganisms can be caused by the excessively high concentration of heavy metal ions, so that the treatment of heavy metal wastewater is influenced, the tolerance of microorganisms is improved, the toxicity of heavy metal wastewater is reduced, the method has important significance for improving the biological method for treating heavy metal wastewater, and along with the development of molecular biological technology, the organisms can have stronger adsorption, flocculation and remediation and repair capabilities through gene modification. Therefore, the biological method has wider development prospect.
The microbiological method for treating the heavy metal wastewater is to directly remove heavy metal ions in a water body by using metabolites of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae and the like, or adsorb the heavy metal ions in the body or on the surface of cells, and then analyze the heavy metal ions in a certain way, so as to reduce the heavy metal ions in the water body. Mainly comprises a microorganism adsorption method, a microorganism precipitation method and a microorganism metabolism method. The microorganisms adsorb the heavy metal ions dissolved in water through functional groups or metabolites in extracellular substances or remove the heavy metal ions in a method of fixing the heavy metal ions in cells by sedimentation or active transportation and the like. Currently, microbial adsorbents are mainly: bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, molds, microalgae, and the like. The mechanism of biological heavy metal adsorption is as follows: 1) surface complexation, which makes cell wall effectively adsorb heavy metal through glycoprotein and polysaccharide substances outside the microorganism; 2) oxidation reduction, wherein part of the fungi have oxidation reduction capability and can change the valence state of heavy metal adsorbed on the surface of cells so as to convert the heavy metal into low-toxicity or non-toxic substances; 3) electrostatic adsorption, the outer surface of biological cells generally has negative charges, and has electrostatic adsorption performance on heavy metals with positive charges. The microorganism precipitation method is to remove heavy metal ions in water by using the interaction of some extracellular substances or metabolites secreted by microorganisms and the heavy metal ions to generate precipitates.
Generally, under the synergistic action of toxic organic matters, the capability of microorganisms for treating heavy metal wastewater is greatly reduced, the tolerance of the microorganisms to heavy metal ions is improved, and the reduction of the toxic action of the heavy metal ions on the microorganisms is the key for improving the capability of biological heavy metal wastewater treatment and popularization and application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that heavy metal ions have toxic action on microorganisms when the microorganisms treat heavy metal wastewater, so that the treatment capacity of the heavy metal wastewater treated by a biological method is influenced, and provides a detoxification method for an anaerobic biological section of heavy metal wastewater.
The invention relates to a detoxification method of a heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section, which comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting 3 anaerobic reactors in series to form an anaerobic treatment device, adding domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into the anaerobic treatment device, then introducing heavy metal wastewater after pH adjustment, adding a carbon source at a water inlet of a 1 st anaerobic reactor, adding a co-metabolic carbon source in effluent of a 2 nd anaerobic reactor, starting aeration equipment in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor in the anaerobic treatment device, and carrying out anaerobic treatment; wherein residual gas in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor is collected into the 1 st anaerobic reactor through a gas pipeline;
and secondly, after the treatment is finished, returning a part of effluent of the anaerobic treatment device to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, and returning the other part of effluent to a recovery sedimentation tank for mud-water separation, returning a part of sludge after the mud-water separation to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, and recovering the other part of sludge to finish the treatment.
According to the invention, the toxicity of heavy metal ions in the wastewater to microorganisms is reduced by methods such as aeration (nitrogen), multi-stage anaerobic treatment, co-metabolic carbon source addition, anaerobic effluent backflow and the like, the treatment capacity of anaerobic microorganisms is improved, and the removal capacity of the heavy metal ions and organic matters in water is improved, so that the subsequent biochemical treatment process is facilitated.
According to the invention, the co-metabolism carbon sources such as acetic acid and glucose are added in a grading and quantitative manner, the metabolic activity of the microorganism and the catabolism capability of the toxic pollutants are improved by utilizing the co-metabolism of the microorganism, the control of the sulfide content in the reactor and the removal of the surface sediment of the microorganism are realized by aeration, the microorganism is in full contact with the organic matters, and the removal efficiency is improved. Through terminal anaerobic effluent backflow, the inhibition or toxic effect of overhigh concentration of heavy metal ions on sludge is reduced, the metabolic activity of anaerobic microorganisms is improved, and the removal capacity of heavy metal ions in water is improved through multi-stage anaerobic treatment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention improves the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions through multi-stage anaerobic treatment and improves the degradation capability of microorganisms to pollutants.
According to the invention, the effluent of the anaerobic reactor is refluxed, heavy metal ions react with sulfides in water, the heavy metal ions generate precipitates, and the reflux further reduces the concentration of the heavy metal ions in the influent water and reduces the toxic action on microorganisms.
The removal of organic pollutants and the control of sulfide yield are realized by adding the co-metabolism carbon source in a grading manner, the inhibiting effect of the excessive sulfide content in the anaerobic reactor on microorganisms is prevented, and the removal efficiency of heavy metal ions is increased.
The mass transfer efficiency and the blowing-off of sulfide in the anaerobic reactor are accelerated through aeration (nitrogen), and the inhibiting effect of the sulfide on microorganisms is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in COD content of the anaerobic treatment apparatus in example 1; a is water inlet, and b is water outlet of the anaerobic treatment device;
FIG. 3 shows the variation of the copper content in the effluent from each stage of the anaerobic treatment apparatus in example 1; 1 is the 1 st anaerobic reactor; 2 is the 2 nd anaerobic reactor; 3 is the 3 rd anaerobic reactor.
Detailed Description
The first specific implementation way is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to the figure, and the detoxification method of the heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section comprises the following steps: firstly, connecting 3 anaerobic reactors in series to form an anaerobic treatment device, adding domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into the anaerobic treatment device, then introducing heavy metal wastewater after pH adjustment, adding a carbon source at a water inlet of a 1 st anaerobic reactor, adding a co-metabolic carbon source in effluent of a 2 nd anaerobic reactor, starting aeration equipment in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor in the anaerobic treatment device, and carrying out anaerobic treatment; wherein residual gas in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor is collected into the 1 st anaerobic reactor through a gas pipeline; and secondly, after the treatment is finished, returning a part of effluent of the anaerobic treatment device to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, allowing the other part of effluent to enter a recovery sedimentation tank for sludge-water separation, returning a part of sludge after the sludge-water separation to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, and recovering the other part of sludge to finish the treatment.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the addition ratio of the acclimated anaerobic activated sludge is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the anaerobic treatment apparatus. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: this embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the anaerobic reactor is UASB, IC, or SBR. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode is as follows: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the pH of the heavy metal wastewater is adjusted to 6 to 7. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that a peristaltic pump or a dosing pump is used to dose the carbon source and the co-metabolic carbon source. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the carbon source is acetic acid or glucose and the amount of the carbon source added is 500 to 1000 mg/L. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the co-metabolic carbon source component is prepared from sodium acetate, glucose and sodium butyrate at a mass ratio of 1:2:5, and the addition amount is 200 to 400 mg/L. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the method for acclimatizing anaerobic activated sludge includes: firstly, preparing an acclimation medicament: each liter of domestication medicament contains 0.5 g of urea, 2 g of white granulated sugar, 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 g of sodium nitrate, 0.1 g of magnesium sulfate, 2 ml of sodium lactate, 2 g of sodium sulfate and 0.01 g of calcium chloride; and secondly, taking sludge from a sewage plant, mixing the sludge with the heavy metal wastewater, adding a domestication agent, uniformly stirring, pouring into an anaerobic reaction device for anaerobic fermentation, internally circulating for three days, standing and settling, and then putting the sludge into a reactor of an anaerobic treatment device. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: referring to the figure, the embodiment is different from the specific embodiment in that the aeration is nitrogen aeration, the gas-water ratio is (1-5): 1. other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment is different from the present embodiment in that the aeration device is composed of a nitrogen separator, an aeration tray, and an aeration pipe. Other components and connection modes are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and one or a combination of several embodiments may also achieve the object of the invention.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are demonstrated by the following examples:
example 1, acclimated anaerobic activated sludge is added into an anaerobic treatment device, the anaerobic treatment device consists of 3 LSBR reactors with the volume of 10LSBR, the inlet water is printed circuit board wastewater, the copper ion content in the water is 312-360 mg/L, the pH value is 2.5, and the COD content is 500-580 mg/L. Adjusting the pH value of inlet water to 6-7, adding 1000mg/L glucose at the water inlet of a 1 st anaerobic reactor, adding 300mg/L of co-metabolic carbon source into the outlet water of a 2 nd anaerobic reactor, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, starting an aeration device in a 3 rd anaerobic reactor in an anaerobic treatment device, after anaerobic treatment, refluxing one part of the outlet water of the anaerobic treatment device into the 1 st anaerobic reactor, allowing the other part of the outlet water to enter a recycling sedimentation tank for sludge-water separation, refluxing one part of the separated sludge into the 1 st anaerobic reactor, and recycling the other part of the sludge, thus finishing the process. Wherein the water inlet flow is 1L/h, and the reflux flow is 1L/h.
The domestication method of the domesticated anaerobic activated sludge comprises the following steps:
(1) checking the anaerobic reaction device to ensure the anaerobic reaction device to be intact;
(2) preparing a domestication medicament:
the addition amount of the 1 liter medicament: 0.5 g of urea and 2 g of white granulated sugar; 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate; potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 g; 0.1 g of sodium nitrate; magnesium sulfate 0.1 g; 2 ml of sodium lactate; 2 g of sodium sulfate and 0.01 g of calcium chloride;
(3) taking sludge from a secondary sedimentation tank of a sewage treatment plant which runs stably for a long time, and removing particles with the particle size larger than 2mm in the sludge through sieving; adding heavy metal wastewater, uniformly mixing the heavy metal wastewater and sludge according to the volume ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixed solution, adding a domestication agent into the mixed solution, uniformly stirring the mixed solution and the domestication agent according to the volume ratio of 8:1, and pouring the mixed solution into an anaerobic reaction device;
(4) covering a cover for fermentation; stirring twice every day, but slightly stirring to prevent excessive dissolved oxygen, and determining the quality of fermentation and the color of sludge by observing the taste of hydrogen sulfide gas and actually detecting the polymer content in the wastewater;
(5) internal circulation for three days.
(6) After static settling, the sludge is put into an anaerobic reactor for treating high-concentration heavy metal wastewater.
The COD content of the effluent of the reactor is shown in figure 2, the COD of the influent is 160-400 mg/L, and the COD content of the anaerobic effluent is increased compared with that of the influent due to the addition of the carbon source.
The change of the copper content in the effluent of each section of the anaerobic treatment device is shown in figure 3, the copper content in the influent is 312-360 mg/L, and the copper content in the anaerobic effluent is reduced rapidly, which shows that the copper removal effect of anaerobic microorganisms is good. The copper content of the effluent of the anaerobic 1 is 82-114 mg/L, the copper content of the effluent of the anaerobic 1 is 12-19 mg/L, and the copper content of the facultative effluent of the anaerobic 3 is less than 0.3 mg/L. In the experimental period, the copper content of the effluent of the anaerobic treatment device is less than 0.3mg/L, and the effluent can meet the discharge requirement in the discharge Standard of electroplating pollutants GB 21900-2008.
The copper content in the sludge of the treatment device can reach 7.02 percent at most, under the condition that the copper content in inlet water is 312-360 mg/L, the copper ions in the water can be almost completely intercepted, and the copper content is higher than that in common copper ores, so that the copper in the sludge is recycled, and the treatment device has higher environmental value and economic value.
Claims (10)
1. A detoxification method of a heavy metal sewage anaerobic biological section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, connecting 3 anaerobic reactors in series to form an anaerobic treatment device, adding domesticated anaerobic activated sludge into the anaerobic treatment device, then introducing heavy metal wastewater after pH adjustment, adding a carbon source at a water inlet of a 1 st anaerobic reactor, adding a co-metabolic carbon source in effluent of a 2 nd anaerobic reactor, starting aeration equipment in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor in the anaerobic treatment device, and carrying out anaerobic treatment; wherein residual gas in the 3 rd anaerobic reactor is collected into the 1 st anaerobic reactor through a gas pipeline;
and secondly, after the treatment is finished, returning a part of effluent of the anaerobic treatment device to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, allowing the other part of effluent to enter a recovery sedimentation tank for sludge-water separation, returning a part of sludge after the sludge-water separation to the 1 st anaerobic reactor, and recovering the other part of sludge to finish the treatment.
2. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the adding proportion of the acclimated anaerobic activated sludge is 1/3-2/3 of the volume of the anaerobic treatment device.
3. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anaerobic reactor is UASB, IC or SBR.
4. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH of the heavy metal wastewater is adjusted to 6-7.
5. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein a peristaltic pump or a dosing pump is adopted for the feeding of the carbon source and the co-metabolic carbon source.
6. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source is acetic acid or glucose, and the dosage of the carbon source is 500-1000 mg/L.
7. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the co-metabolic carbon source component is prepared from sodium acetate, glucose and sodium butyrate according to a mass ratio of 1:2:5, and the dosage is 200-400 mg/L.
8. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the acclimation method of the acclimated anaerobic activated sludge comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing an acclimation medicament: each liter of domesticated medicament contains 0.5 g of urea, 2 g of white granulated sugar, 0.2 g of ferrous sulfate, 0.1 g of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 g of sodium nitrate, 0.1 g of magnesium sulfate, 2 ml of sodium lactate, 2 g of sodium sulfate and 0.01 g of calcium chloride; and secondly, taking sludge from a sewage plant, mixing the sludge with the heavy metal wastewater, adding a domestication agent, uniformly stirring, pouring into an anaerobic reaction device for anaerobic fermentation, internally circulating for three days, and then standing and settling to obtain domesticated anaerobic activated sludge.
9. The detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal sewage according to claim 1, wherein the aeration is nitrogen aeration, and the gas-water ratio is (1-5): 1.
10. the detoxification method of the anaerobic biological section of heavy metal wastewater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aeration device comprises a nitrogen separator, an aeration disc and an aeration pipe.
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