CN115040482B - 用于治疗高血压的厄贝沙坦脂质体、制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
用于治疗高血压的厄贝沙坦脂质体、制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于治疗高血压的厄贝沙坦脂质体、制剂及其制备方法。本发明提供的厄贝沙坦脂质体包括厄贝沙坦、磷脂、聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯。通过优化脂质体制备技术将将活性成分厄贝沙坦进行包封,避免了厄贝沙坦氧化分解的问题。利用本发明制备的厄贝沙坦脂质体进一步制备的制剂,与市售制剂相比,具有更好的稳定性、更高的溶出度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种用于治疗高血压的厄贝沙坦脂质体、制 剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
高血压是心脑血管疾病最主要的危险因素之一,也是全球公认的重大公共卫生问题。 高血压可以明显加剧冠心病、脑卒中、慢性肾功能不全外周动脉疾病等靶器官损害的危险 程度,严重危害人的生命健康与生活质量。
厄贝沙坦是一种选择性血管紧张素II受体(AT1亚型)拮抗剂,可高选择性地在体循环 和局部组织内全面拮抗Ang II的受体AT1亚型,阻断不同代谢途径合成的Ang II,对AT1 受体产生不可逆的或非竞争性的抑制,由此而产生抑制血管收缩和醛固酮分泌等作用,从 而降低血压,改善心功能作用,且有治疗充血性衰竭、糖尿病肾病等作用,相较于其他临 床治疗药物,厄贝沙坦的降压作用显著、药物不良反应小、口服吸收良好。
厄贝沙坦为类白色结晶性粉末,几乎不溶于水,微溶于乙醇及二氯甲烷。酸碱平衡系 数Pka为4.70±0.06,油水分配系数Log P为5.03。厄贝沙坦在高温(105℃,24hrs)条件下比 较稳定;在酸性(1MHCl,4hrs)和碱性(1MNaOH,2hrs)条件下不稳定,容易发生降解,生成有关物质;在氧化(30%H2O2,24hrs)条件下也不稳定,也会产生一些氧化降解物。
中国专利CN102579345公开了一种厄贝沙坦脂质体固体制剂及其制法,通过将活性成 分厄贝沙坦和特定的组合的β-谷固醇、硬脂酰胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰甘油、吐温80制备成脂质体,再加入月桂醇硫酸钠、糊精等辅料制成胶囊剂。但是月桂醇硫酸钠是一种对人体微 毒的阴离子表面活性剂,对粘膜和上呼吸道有一定的刺激作用,对用药安全带来隐患。
发明内容
本发明克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种高载药量、高包封率、高稳定性的厄贝沙坦 脂质体,解决了厄贝沙坦难溶于水、不稳定等问题。
具体而言,本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种厄贝沙坦脂质体,包括厄贝沙坦、磷脂、聚乙烯醇、 藻酸丙二酯。
医药级聚乙烯醇,一种极安全的高分子有机物,对人体无毒,无副作用,具有良好的 生物相容性,可以调节磷脂膜的流动相,从而提高脂质体的质量。
经过大量实验发现藻酸丙二酯有易吸湿的特点,因此其加入量是控制厄贝沙坦稳定性 的关键因素。
进一步的,所述厄贝沙坦脂质体以重量比计算,包括:
进一步的,所述磷脂为磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、二硬脂酰胆碱、磷脂酸中的至少一种。
优选的,所述磷脂为磷脂酰肌醇或/和磷脂酰丝氨酸。
具体的,所述厄贝沙坦脂质体以重量比计算,包括:
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种制备上述厄贝沙坦脂质体的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂中,加入缓冲溶液,在15-35℃下乳化,得到 乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在15-35℃下进行再次乳化,得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
进一步的,所述有机溶剂为三氯甲烷、乙醇、正丁醇、异丙醇中的至少一种。
优选为,三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v)。
进一步的,所述缓冲溶液为pH=6.0-7.0的赖氨酸缓冲溶液。
进一步的,所述超声温度不高于35℃。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种包含上述厄贝沙坦脂质体的制剂,所述制剂中还包 含药学上可接受的辅料。
进一步的,所述制剂为固体制剂,所述固体制剂包括但不限于片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明利用脂质体技术将将活性成分厄贝沙坦进行包封,一定程度上隔绝空气, 避免了厄贝沙坦氧化分解的问题。
(2)通过优选磷脂膜,尤其是加入了聚乙烯醇调节膜流动性、加入适量的藻酸丙二酯提高稳定性,使得制备的厄贝沙坦脂质体载药量高、包封率高,同时还降低 了渗漏率。
(3)本发明优化制备工艺,优选有机溶剂及比例,优选溶液pH以及缓冲溶液种类,控制超声分散温度,极大程度的保证了脂质体的质量,为进一步制备制剂提供 了良好奠基。
(4)利用本发明制备的厄贝沙坦脂质体进一步制备的制剂,与市售制剂相比,具有更好的稳定性、更高的溶出度。
附图说明
图1:厄贝沙坦脂质体渗漏率试验
图2:厄贝沙坦制剂pH4.0醋酸缓冲液体外溶出试验
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明做进一步 的说明,但是本发明的保护范围并不限于这些实施例,实施例仅用于解释本发明。本领域 技术人员应该理解的是,凡是不背离本发明构思的改变或等同替代均包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
一、厄贝沙坦脂质体
实施例1厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:正丁醇1:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.0的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在15℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在15℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,35℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
实施例2厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(乙醇:异丙醇1:2(v/v))中,加入pH=7.0 的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在35℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在35℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,10℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
实施例3厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.5的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在30℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在25℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,20℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
实施例4厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例1厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例2厄贝沙坦脂质体
厄贝沙坦 5g
磷脂酰丝氨酸 12g
藻酸丙二酯 1g。
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化,得到乳化液 ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例3厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例4厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的磷酸盐缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例5厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,40℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体。
对比实施例6厄贝沙坦脂质体
制备方法:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂(三氯甲烷:甲醇4:1(v/v))中,加入pH=6.8的赖氨酸缓冲溶液,在25℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在30℃下进行再次乳化, 得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,30℃超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙 坦脂质体。
二、厄贝沙坦制剂
实施例5厄贝沙坦片(100片)
配方:
制备方法:
按配方,采用直接压片法制成片剂。
实施例6厄贝沙坦胶囊(100颗)
配方:
制备方法
按配方,湿法制粒,装入胶囊,即得。
实施例7厄贝沙坦颗粒(100份)
配方:
制备方法:
按配方,湿法制粒,制成颗粒。
验证实施例
一、实施例1-4脂质体、实施例1-6脂质体载药量与包封率
载药量对脂质体的工业化生产具有实用价值,是指脂质体中所包封药物重量的百分率, 可以明确制剂中药物百分含量。
包封率是指脂质体内的药物与投料量的重量百分比,采用透析法将溶液中游离的厄贝 沙坦和脂质体分离,分别测定,计算包封率,结果如下:
表1实施例1-4脂质体、实施例1-6脂质体载药量(%)、包封率(%)
载药量(%) | 包封率(%) | |
实施例1 | 24.63 | 90.77 |
实施例2 | 25.22 | 91.65 |
实施例3 | 27.05 | 93.21 |
实施例4 | 27.83 | 92.93 |
对比实施例1 | 18.39 | 85.31 |
对比实施例2 | 20.14 | 81.95 |
对比实施例3 | 21.36 | 86.09 |
对比实施例4 | 22.07 | 88.10 |
对比实施例5 | 18.86 | 82.69 |
对比实施例6 | 21.73 | 87.42 |
表1为实施例1-4脂质体、实施例1-6脂质体载药量和包封率,结果显示本发明实施例 优选了配方、范围以及制备工艺,显著提升了脂质体的包封率和载药量,提高了脂质体的 质量,为进一步制成制剂提供保障。
二、单因素试验探究藻酸丙二酯对厄贝沙坦脂质体渗漏率的影响
配方:
A组 | B组 | C组 | |
厄贝沙坦 | 5g | 5g | 5g |
磷脂酰丝氨酸 | 12g | 12g | 12g |
聚乙烯醇 | 2g | 2g | 2g |
藻酸丙二酯 | - | * | 5g |
注:“-”代表不添加;
“*”代表替换为与实施例4等量的糊精。
制备方法:
同实施例4的方法。
对实施例1-4厄贝沙坦脂质体、对比实施例1-6厄贝沙坦脂质体和单因素试验中A-C 组制备的厄贝沙坦脂质体进行渗漏率测试,分别在0℃、4℃、25℃、40摄氏度温度下储存,测试第0d、30d、60d、90d、180d时药物的渗漏情况,在此仅展示部分结果。
结果显示,本发明实施例1-4厄贝沙坦脂质体稳定性高,长期贮存的渗漏率低。如图1 所示,与实施例4厄贝沙坦脂质体相比,单因素试验中A-C组制备的厄贝沙坦脂质体渗漏 率较高,稳定性差。
三、单因素试验探究藻酸丙二酯对厄贝沙坦片的有关物质含量的影响
配方:
A组 | B组 | C组 | |
厄贝沙坦 | 5g | 5g | 5g |
磷脂酰丝氨酸 | 12g | 12g | 12g |
聚乙烯醇 | 2g | 2g | 2g |
藻酸丙二酯 | - | * | 5g |
注:“-”代表不添加;
“*”代表替换为与实施例4等量的糊精。
制备方法:
同实施例4的方法。
进一步制备成厄贝沙坦片,同实施例5。
对实施例5厄贝沙坦片和单因素试验中A-C组制备的厄贝沙坦片进行加速试验,测有 关物质含量。
按市售包装,温度40±2℃,相对湿度75%±5%条件下放置6个月,在试验期间的第 1个月、2个月、3个月、6个月末分别取样,测有关物质含量。
有关物质含量照高效液相色谱法(通则0512)测定。
具体方法如下:
供试品溶液:取本品,精密称定,加甲醇溶解并定量稀释制成每1ml中约含1mg的溶液。
对照溶液:精密量取供试品溶液1ml,置200ml量瓶中,用甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀。
对照品溶液:取杂质I对照品,精密称定,加甲醇溶解并定量稀释制成每1ml中约含1.5μg的溶液。
系统适用性溶液:取厄贝沙坦对照品与杂质I对照品各适量,加甲醇溶解并稀释制成 每1ml中各约含0.1mg的混合溶液。
色谱条件:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,以磷酸溶液(取85%磷酸5.5ml,加水 至950ml,用三乙胺调节pH值至3.2)-乙腈(62:38)为流动相,检测波长220nm;进样 体积10μl。
系统适用性要求:系统适用性溶液色谱图中,出峰顺序依次为杂质I峰、厄贝沙坦峰, 杂质I峰与厄贝沙坦峰的分离度应大于2.0,理论板数按厄贝沙坦峰计算不低2000。
测定法:精密量取供试品溶液、对照溶液与对照品溶液,分别注入液相色谱仪,记录 色谱图至主成分峰保留时间的3倍。
限度:供试品溶液的色谱图中,如有与杂质I峰保留时间一致的色谱峰,按外标法以 峰面积计算,不得过0.15%,其他单个杂质峰面积不得大于对照溶液主峰面积的0.2倍(0.1%),杂质总量不得过0.2%。
表2有关物质含量测试
结果显示,藻酸丙二酯对厄贝沙坦的有关物质含量有较大影响,本发明厄贝沙坦制剂 有关物质含量低、稳定性高。
四、实施例5-7厄贝沙坦制剂、市售制剂的稳定性和溶出度
对实施例5-7厄贝沙坦制剂、市售制剂进行加速试验。
市售厄贝沙坦片(赛**制药有限公司)
市售厄贝沙坦胶囊(浙江**药业有限公司)
市售厄贝沙坦颗粒(赛**特Sanofi Winthrop Industrie)
含量测定方法:
取本品0.3g,精密称定,加冰醋酸20ml溶解后,加结晶紫指示剂1滴,用高氯酸滴定液(0.1mol/L)滴定至溶液显蓝色,并将滴定结果用空白试验校正。每1ml的高氯酸滴定 液(0.1mol/L)相当于42.85mg的C25H28N6O。
有关物质含量测定方法同上。
表3实施例5-7厄贝沙坦制剂、市售制剂有关物质、厄贝沙坦含量测试
结果显示,本发明厄贝沙坦脂质体制剂在高温高湿环境下能够保持稳定,加速试验有 关物质含量低,厄贝沙坦的含量高。
Claims (3)
1.一种厄贝沙坦脂质体,其特征在于,以重量比计算,包括:
厄贝沙坦 1-10重量份
磷脂 1-50重量份
聚乙烯醇 0.2-10重量份
藻酸丙二酯 0.1-4重量份
其中,所述磷脂为磷脂酰肌醇或/和磷脂酰丝氨酸;所述的厄贝沙坦脂质体制备工艺如下:
(1)将磷脂、厄贝沙坦溶于有机溶剂中,加入缓冲溶液,在15-35℃下乳化,得到乳化液Ι;所述有机溶剂为三氯甲烷:异丙醇4:1(v/v);所述缓冲溶液为pH=6.0-7.0的赖氨酸缓冲溶液;
(2)将聚乙烯醇、藻酸丙二酯溶于水中,加入乳化液Ι,在15-35℃下进行再次乳化,得到乳化液ΙΙ;
(3)对乳化液ΙΙ进行减压旋转蒸发,去除有机溶剂,超声,过膜挤压,得到厄贝沙坦脂质体;所述超声的温度不高于35℃。
2.一种包含权利要求1所述的厄贝沙坦脂质体的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂中还包含药学上可接受的辅料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂为片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂中的一种。
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