CN115039676A - Irrigation method and system - Google Patents
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 37
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
- A01G25/167—Control by humidity of the soil itself or of devices simulating soil or of the atmosphere; Soil humidity sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention provides an irrigation method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting soil information and environmental information to obtain effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil; obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information; calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation amount, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount; and obtaining irrigation time and irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil, the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops, and further controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate. The invention realizes reasonable irrigation by acquiring actual conditions and requirements of soil and crops, provides reliable data support for irrigation time and water quantity, and improves the utilization rate of water resources and irrigation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of agricultural production, in particular to an irrigation method and system.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, and irrigation is one of the most important activities in agricultural production. Meanwhile, China is a water resource deficient country, agricultural irrigation water accounts for about 60% of national water supply, but the irrigation water efficiency is only about 45% and is far lower than the average level of developed countries. Therefore, the development of the irrigation water-saving technology can not only deal with the shortage of water resources and relieve the crisis of water resources, but also has important significance for guaranteeing agricultural production, realizing high-efficiency and accurate agriculture and further guaranteeing the food safety in China.
At present, most of domestic farmland irrigation adopts modes of furrow irrigation, flood irrigation and the like, irrigation personnel judge whether farmland irrigation is needed or not by utilizing personal experience, and determine the irrigation quantity. Or semi-automatic irrigation control systems are adopted, and the irrigation time and the irrigation quantity are set by adopting a time control mode usually depending on experience. These irrigation methods are all comparatively crude, do not have quantitative real-time supervision, lack sufficient data foundation, may appear irrigating inadequately or irrigate the frequency inadequately, can not provide sufficient water resource for the crop, or irrigate too much and then the runoff runs off, lead to irrigating the problem that the water utilization ratio is low to cause the water waste, can't reach the purpose of accurate irrigation and water conservation. Meanwhile, the irrigation system has low automation degree and higher dependence degree on manpower, and can not realize large-scale agricultural production.
Along with the development of irrigation technology in recent years, a series of intelligent irrigation systems appear in the market. The intelligent irrigation system changes the traditional artificial irrigation into the intelligent and digital technical means, and realizes the intelligent management of the farmland by depending on management platforms such as mobile equipment and wireless communication technology. The farmland soil state and the crop growth state are visually monitored, data such as soil moisture content, solar illumination intensity, rainfall and the like are collected in real time and analyzed, and the purposes of scientific and dynamic management and automatic irrigation are achieved. However, even so, there are still many problems with existing intelligent irrigation. For example, over-emphasis on water delivery efficiency improvement, lack of research on crop demand; the water storage capacity of the soil is calculated, tools used conventionally are unreliable, historical average values of evaporation and transpiration amounts of crops are difficult to obtain, and most of the existing intelligent irrigation systems are pseudo-intelligent. Under the condition that soil water storage, crop water demand and real water consumption cannot be solved, the problem of low water resource utilization rate cannot be fundamentally solved only by inputting meteorological and soil moisture data and operating an intelligent terminal.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an irrigation method and system.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method of irrigation, the method comprising:
acquiring soil information and environment information, and acquiring effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil according to the soil information and the environment information;
obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information, wherein the simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops;
obtaining irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
layering multi-depth soil moisture sensors are deployed at different depths in soil, and soil information and environmental information are collected through the layering multi-depth soil moisture sensors.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil comprises the following steps:
acquiring field water capacity and crop wilting coefficient according to the soil information and the environment information;
and obtaining the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the field water capacity and the crop wilting coefficient.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the predicted value of daily water consumption of the crops comprises the following steps:
acquiring a day-by-day reference evaporation capacity within a preset day range according to the soil information, the environment information and the meteorological information;
calculating a daily simulated evaporation capacity according to the daily reference evaporation capacity, wherein the predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value of the daily simulated evaporation capacity and a predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation capacity;
removing data which do not meet preset standards in the water consumption of the crops to obtain the daily real water consumption of the crops;
obtaining crop coefficients according to the actual value of the simulated evaporation transpiration daily and the actual water consumption of the crops daily;
and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops according to the predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation amount and the crop coefficient.
Preferably, the process of obtaining the predicted value of daily water consumption of the crops further comprises:
and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops in the T +1 th irrigation period through the crop coefficient in the T th irrigation period.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
monitoring the actual irrigation water amount of the irrigation equipment;
and when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount, controlling irrigation equipment to stop irrigating.
A second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an irrigation system, including an acquisition module, a processing module, and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environmental information;
the processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally provided with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations:
obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information, wherein the simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops;
obtaining irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
Preferably, the acquisition module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor.
Preferably, the control module is a switch controller for controlling the on-off state of the irrigation equipment and the irrigation pipe.
Preferably, the system further comprises a flow monitoring module for monitoring the actual irrigation water volume of the irrigation device,
the processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally configured with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations:
and when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount, controlling irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through a control module.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the irrigation method provided by the invention, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is obtained according to the soil information and the environment information, then the daily water consumption prediction value of the crops is obtained according to the crop coefficient and the simulated evaporation amount prediction value, and finally the irrigation water amount and the irrigation time are obtained. The invention realizes reasonable irrigation by acquiring actual conditions and requirements of soil and crops, provides reliable data support for irrigation time and irrigation water quantity, and improves the utilization rate of water resources and irrigation efficiency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an irrigation method according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an irrigation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of effective water storage capacity and water storage potential of different depth soil layers in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the forecast of rainfall and evaporation capacity for a predetermined number of days in the future in the specific example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the following further detailed description of the exemplary embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings makes it clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and are not exhaustive of all embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes an irrigation method, which includes:
s101, collecting soil information and environment information, and obtaining effective water storage capacity of soil and effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the soil information and the environment information.
The effective water storage capacity of the soil reflects the water storage capacity of the soil, is a water storage space between the water capacity of the soil in the field and the water content of a crop stress point, and is a numerical value related to the texture structure of the soil, the growth dynamic depth of a plant root system and the balance of the root system/soil water potential.
The effective water storage capacity of the soil is a water storage space between the current water content of the soil and the water content of the crop stress point, and the water storage space determines the current water content of the soil which can be utilized by plants.
The effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil are obtained by collecting soil information and environmental information. And the soil information and the environmental information are collected by deploying a sensor. Specifically, in the embodiment, the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor is deployed in the field in advance, and the deployment position of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor needs to be determined comprehensively according to various factors such as crop planting, landform, soil, irrigation modes and the like. The present embodiment specifically describes the deployment manner of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor through the following various situations.
(1) Determining the variety of crops, and selecting layered multi-depth soil moisture sensors with different specifications according to the variety of the crops;
(2) according to the types of crops, the root system distribution of the crops is known, and a position which is closer to the crop root system for water absorption is selected to deploy a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor;
(3) for conventional crops, an area which can represent most soil characteristics in each wheel irrigation group is selected, the land is required to be flat and free of low-lying accumulated water, a certain distance is kept between the land and a multi-water environment such as a water pit and a water pool, and the influence of water side seepage on the water content of the soil is avoided. Meanwhile, according to the drought and waterlogging sensitivity difference of crops to soil moisture, the position which is most likely to have drought and waterlogging in the land can be selected as the deployment position of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor;
(4) determining the distribution of irrigation wet areas, such as in a flood irrigation system and a spray irrigation system, and selecting the position near the main water absorption root system of the crops; in the drip irrigation system, the position close to the main water absorption root system of crops is selected, the drip irrigation system is required to be deployed in a wetting area, and the middle position between two adjacent micro spray heads or water droppers of the same branch pipe is suggested;
(5) the growth distribution of crops is determined, and the positions where the crop growth is balanced and can represent most of the crop growth are required to be selected for the arrangement of the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor.
The field water capacity and the crop wilting coefficient can be obtained by acquiring soil information and environmental information through the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor. The field water holding capacity refers to the stable soil water content which can be maintained by a soil profile after a certain period of time (generally, sand and loam samples are taken 24 hours after irrigation, and clay needs to be taken 48 hours or more), and is the upper limit of the soil water available for most crops.
After the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor is deployed, if foreseeable sufficient irrigation or precipitation occurs, the occurrence of the sufficient irrigation or precipitation is waited to obtain the field water capacity, or the local sufficient irrigation is artificially performed around the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor, and the field water capacity can also be obtained.
The crop wilting coefficient is the soil water content when crops begin to wither permanently, and is an important index for determining the effective water content of soil. In actual agricultural production, it is not possible to deliberately conduct drought tests to obtain crop wilting coefficients for crops at different soil qualities for different periods of growth. However, the soil water content state of each soil layer can be found out when the crop root system absorbs water from the soil gradually and decreases until the crop root system absorbs water from the soil difficultly again through dynamic acquisition of the layered multi-depth soil water sensor.
And calculating to obtain the dynamic effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the field water capacity and the crop wilting coefficient. And analyzing the main water consumption root system depth of the crops according to the water absorption condition of the soil in multiple depths of the crops. Therefore, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is the soil water storage space with the field water holding capacity higher than the crop wilting coefficient in the soil with the depth of the main water consumption root system of the crop in the layered multi-depth soil water sensor acquisition time period. The effective water yield of the soil is the soil water storage space with the current soil water content higher than the crop wilting coefficient.
S102, obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, the environmental information and the meteorological information;
s103, calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity.
The predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops is the product of the predicted value of the simulated evaporation transpiration of the same place every day and the crop coefficient in the next days, and the predicted value of the water consumption of the crops is the sum of the predicted values of the daily water consumption of the crops in the next days. The predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount is a reference evaporation amount which covers the whole area and has continuous time history after interpolation (position interpolation and time interpolation). The predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount needs to know weather information such as precipitation, illumination, temperature and the like in the past, present and future days. And then carrying out interpolation calculation according to the soil information, the environment information and the meteorological information to obtain a predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount day by day. The predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount day by day can be divided into an actual value of the simulated evaporation amount day by day and a predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount day by day according to the time acquired by the weather information. The actual value of the daily simulated evaporation capacity is the actual simulated evaporation capacity in the past period of time, and the predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation capacity is the predicted simulated evaporation capacity in the future period of time.
The crop coefficient is extracted based on measured data and represents the relation between the specific crop water consumption and the local weather for specific crops, specific areas and specific irrigation modes. The crop water consumption of each day can be obtained through soil information acquired by the layered multi-depth soil water sensor, and data that soil evaporation and crop transpiration consume soil water which cannot be fully performed due to overhigh or overlow water content (usually, the end day of irrigation, the next day or the previous day of the next irrigation day) and cloudy days, rainfall and the like in the crop water consumption are rejected, so that the real water consumption of the crop day is obtained, and then the crop coefficient can be calculated: the actual value of the evaporation capacity is simulated day by day according to the actual water consumption of the crops. And then, obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation amount.
In this embodiment, the crop coefficient is a slowly changing and relatively stable data, and therefore, the crop coefficient calculated in the previous period is used as a basis for calculating the predicted daily water consumption value of the next crop.
S104, obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted value of daily water consumption of crops;
and S105, obtaining the irrigation water amount according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount.
Specifically, the effective water storage capacity of the soil, the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops and the next irrigation time are used as dynamic numerical values to be updated in real time, and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops and the current effective soil water yield are dynamically compared, so that the latest start time of the next irrigation is calculated. And if the irrigation is determined, obtaining the irrigation water amount by calculating the difference value of the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage amount of the soil.
And S106, controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
In addition, this embodiment can also monitor irrigation equipment's actual irrigation water volume, and when actual irrigation water volume reached the irrigation water volume that obtains according to the effective water storage capacity of soil and the effective water storage capacity of soil, control irrigation equipment and irrigation pipe stopped irrigating.
According to the irrigation method provided by the embodiment, the effective water storage capacity of the soil is obtained according to the soil information and the environment information, then the predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops is obtained according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation amount, and finally the irrigation water amount and the irrigation time are obtained. The invention realizes reasonable irrigation by acquiring actual conditions and requirements of soil and crops, provides reliable data support for irrigation time and irrigation water quantity, and improves the utilization rate of water resources and irrigation efficiency.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an irrigation system, which includes a collection module, a processing module and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environmental information;
the processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally configured with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations:
obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information, wherein the simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops;
obtaining irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water amount.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the collection module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor. The control module is a switch controller, and can control the opening and closing of an electromagnetic switch or other types of switches in a wired or wireless mode, so that irrigation equipment and an irrigation pipeline are controlled to irrigate and control the irrigation water quantity. The system also comprises a flow monitoring module for monitoring the actual irrigation water volume of the irrigation equipment. The processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally configured with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations: and when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount, controlling irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through a control module.
The irrigation method according to the invention is further illustrated in the following by means of specific examples.
The acquisition module is realized by adopting a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor with the model number of ET 100. This many degree of depth soil moisture sensors of layering is integrative structure of tubular, including many degree of depth soil moisture sensing unit, power module and data acquisition transmission module, external solar panel supplies power in order to support long-time work. Temperature sensors and moisture sensors are deployed at different depths of a pipe body, for example, one moisture sensor is deployed every 10cm, 10 depths are deployed in total, 10 moisture content data of different soil depths can be acquired simultaneously, data homothetic sources can be obtained, and data correlation analysis and verification can be performed.
According to the layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor deployed in the field, the dynamic effective water storage capacity and the dynamic effective water storage capacity of the soil can be obtained, as shown in fig. 3. The left side curve is the historical lowest water content of the actually measured soil with various depths after the crops are planted, the right side curve is the historical highest water content of the actually measured soil with various depths after the crops are planted, and the middle curve is the current water content of the actually measured soil with various depths. The gray scale region between the historical minimum water content and the current water content is the effective water storage capacity of the soil, and the gray scale region between the historical maximum water content and the current water content is the water storage potential of the soil. Considering that the field water capacity and the crop wilting coefficient cannot be truly simulated, the historical lowest water content and the historical highest water content are used as actual references.
In the figure 3, the depth of the main water-consuming root system of the crop is 30mm, and the effective water storage capacity of the soil is the depth of the main water-consuming root system of the crop in the collection time period, namely the soil water storage space with the water retention capacity in the soil field higher than the crop wilting coefficient in the soil with the soil thickness of more than 30 mm. According to the graph shown in fig. 3, the soil effective water storage capacity at 6 days 6 months is 27mm, the soil water storage potential is 51mm, and then the soil effective water storage capacity is 78mm, namely the soil can store 78mm of water at most in the soil within the current maximum root depth range of the crops from the surface channel.
With reference to the data of the future 7-day reference evaporation amount prediction graph shown in fig. 4, taking the future daily reference evaporation amount as the future crop daily water consumption reference, the daily evaporation amounts for the future 7 days (6 months, 6 days to 6 months, 12 days) are respectively: 8.21mm,6.62mm,6.05mm,4.27mm,3.58mm,4.42mm,4.6mm, 7 days total evaporation capacity of 37.75 mm. In combination with the rainfall prediction, 2.62mm,1.14mm,19.85mm and 23.61mm of rainfall was predicted in days 6, 9, 10 and 12, 6 and 12, respectively.
According to the daily reference evaporation capacity and daily rainfall prediction, the current effective water storage capacity of the soil can meet the water consumption of 24.97mm in 5 days in the future of crops, including evaporation of 28.73mm and 3.76mm rainfall. But cannot meet 29.39mm water consumption in the future 6 days, so that the next irrigation time is recommended to be 10 days earlier than 6 months. If irrigation is carried out at this time, the irrigation water amount is recommended not to exceed 51 mm.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A method of irrigation, the method comprising:
acquiring soil information and environment information, and acquiring effective water storage capacity and effective water storage capacity of soil according to the soil information and the environment information;
obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information, wherein the simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted daily water consumption value of the crops;
obtaining irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
layering multi-depth soil moisture sensors are deployed at different depths in soil, and soil information and environmental information are collected through the layering multi-depth soil moisture sensors.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the effective water storage capacity and the effective water storage capacity of the soil comprises:
acquiring field water capacity and crop wilting coefficient according to the soil information and the environment information;
and obtaining the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil according to the field water holding capacity and the crop wilting coefficient.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the process of obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crop comprises:
acquiring day-by-day reference evaporation capacity within a preset day range according to the soil information, the environment information and the meteorological information;
calculating a daily simulated evaporation capacity according to the daily reference evaporation capacity, wherein the daily simulated evaporation capacity comprises a daily simulated evaporation capacity actual value and a daily simulated evaporation capacity predicted value;
removing data which do not meet preset standards in the water consumption of the crops to obtain the daily real water consumption of the crops;
obtaining crop coefficients according to the actual value of the simulated evaporation transpiration daily and the actual water consumption of the crops daily;
and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops according to the predicted value of the daily simulated evaporation amount and the crop coefficient.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the process of obtaining a predicted daily water consumption value of the crop further comprises:
and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crops in the T +1 th irrigation period through the crop coefficient in the T th irrigation period.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
monitoring the actual irrigation water quantity of the irrigation equipment;
and when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount, controlling irrigation equipment to stop irrigating.
7. An irrigation system, comprising an acquisition module, a processing module, and a control module;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring soil information and environmental information;
the processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally configured with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations:
obtaining crop water consumption according to soil information, obtaining meteorological information within a preset number of days, and obtaining simulated evaporation capacity within the preset number of days according to the soil information, environmental information and the meteorological information, wherein the simulated evaporation capacity comprises an actual value and a predicted value;
calculating a crop coefficient according to the crop water consumption and the actual value of the simulated evaporation capacity, and obtaining a predicted value of the daily water consumption of the crop in a preset day range according to the crop coefficient and the predicted value of the simulated evaporation capacity;
obtaining irrigation time according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the predicted value of daily water consumption of crops;
obtaining irrigation water according to the effective water storage capacity of the soil and the effective water storage capacity of the soil;
and the control module is used for controlling irrigation equipment to irrigate according to the irrigation time and the irrigation water quantity.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the collection module is a layered multi-depth soil moisture sensor.
9. The system of claim 7, wherein the control module is a switch controller for controlling the on-off state of the irrigation equipment and irrigation pipe.
10. The system of claim 7, further comprising a flow monitoring module for monitoring an actual amount of irrigation water for the irrigation device,
the processing module comprises a processor, and the processor is internally configured with operating instructions executable by the processor to perform the following operations:
and when the actual irrigation water amount reaches the irrigation water amount obtained according to the effective soil water storage capacity and the effective soil water storage amount, controlling irrigation equipment to stop irrigation through a control module.
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