CN115039660A - Seedling culture medium with stable acidity and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Seedling culture medium with stable acidity and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039660A CN115039660A CN202210874159.0A CN202210874159A CN115039660A CN 115039660 A CN115039660 A CN 115039660A CN 202210874159 A CN202210874159 A CN 202210874159A CN 115039660 A CN115039660 A CN 115039660A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 biochar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
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- 244000221633 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Species 0.000 description 2
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- CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfluramid Chemical group CCNS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F CCEKAJIANROZEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an acid stable seedling substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the acid stable seedling substrate is divided into a lower substrate, a middle substrate and an upper substrate; the formula and the preparation method can prevent the condition that organic materials are not thoroughly fermented and nutrient substances are not fully decomposed and released in the aging process, meanwhile, the lower-layer matrix obtained by uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite is used as the bottom layer of the middle-layer matrix to prevent the middle-layer matrix from being influenced by external soil in the subsequent seedling use process, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is adjusted by changing the proportion ratio of vermiculite to expanded perlite, and the pH detection equipment is used for ensuring the accurate control of acid pH in the seedling matrix cultivation process, so that the effect of isolating influence is achieved, namely the seedling matrix obtains a more stable acid environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of acidic stable seedling raising substrates, and particularly relates to an acidic stable seedling raising substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The seedling raising substrate is the growth foundation of the plant seedlings, and because the root systems of the plant seedlings depend on the growth and development of the substrate, water and nutrients required by the life activities of the plant seedlings are mainly absorbed from soil, the proper substrate is vital to the survival and growth of the plant seedlings; the substrate usually comprises an inorganic substrate and an organic substrate, wherein the inorganic substrate mainly plays a role of fixation, the organic substrate mainly provides nutrients and water, and the inorganic substrate and the organic substrate are reasonably matched and mixed to obtain a production substrate with good physical and chemical properties, good water retention and air permeability and proper and balanced nutrients; the pH value of the seedling substrate has influence on plant seedlings, and the pH value of the seedling substrate is not constant and is not suitable for the growth of all crops. Generally, the pH value of the seedling substrate is maintained between 5.5 and 7.0, and if the planted crops have the requirement on the pH value, the pH value needs to be adjusted in time. The test result of the influence of the pH value of the seedling culture substrate on the growth of the vegetable seedlings shows that the over-high alkalinity is unfavorable for the growth of the hot pepper, the tomato and the pakchoi; the alkali resistance of the cucumber is strong, and the acidity is too high to be beneficial to the growth of the cucumber; the higher acidity is beneficial to the growth of the tomatoes and the pakchoi; the capsicum has wider adaptability to the pH value of the matrix. In addition, the seedling raising substrates made of different raw materials have different pH values, for example, the pH value of the seedling raising substrate made of plant ash is about 6-8, and the seedling raising substrate is suitable for plants such as camellia, fingered citron and the like which have high requirements on the pH value.
In the prior art, a large amount of organic materials, organic materials and the like are required to be fermented and aged when the seedling substrate is manufactured, if the organic materials are not fermented thoroughly and nutrients are not decomposed and released fully in the aging process, the prepared seedling substrate is easy to carry germs, so that diseases are frequent in seedling, and in addition, the requirement of various plant seedlings on the substrate in the seedling process cannot be met due to the fact that the pH value of the substrate is difficult to control in the seedling substrate, so that the seedling substrate with stable acidity, the preparation method of the seedling substrate and the application of the seedling substrate are provided for solving the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising substrate with stable acidity and a preparation method and application thereof,
to solve the problems of the prior art as set forth in the background above.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an acid stable seedling substrate is divided into a lower substrate, a middle substrate and an upper substrate;
the lower substrate comprises gravel and ceramsite;
the middle layer matrix comprises crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite;
the upper substrate comprises coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent;
the composite material comprises, by mass, 50-100 parts of gravel, 20-30 parts of ceramsite, 50-100 parts of crushed plant straw, 20-30 parts of biochar, 30-50 parts of vermiculite, 30-50 parts of expanded perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut husk, 30-40 parts of bark, 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the thickness of the lower-layer matrix is at least 20cm, the thickness of the middle-layer matrix is at least 15cm, the thickness of the upper-layer matrix is at least 5cm, and the particle size of the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite is 2-5 mm.
Preferably, the proper amount of the water-retaining agent is 1-2% of the weight of the mushroom residue, and the water-retaining agent is a gel water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the composite material comprises, by mass, 50 parts of gravel, 20 parts of ceramsite, 50 parts of crushed plant straw, 20 parts of biochar, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of expanded perlite, 20 parts of coconut husk, 30 parts of bark, 40 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the composite material comprises, by mass, 75 parts of gravel, 25 parts of ceramsite, 75 parts of crushed plant straw, 25 parts of biochar, 40 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of expanded perlite, 25 parts of coconut husk, 35 parts of bark, 45 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bagasse, 7.5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
Preferably, the composite material comprises, by mass, 100 parts of gravel, 30 parts of ceramsite, 100 parts of plant straw crushed materials, 30 parts of charcoal, 50 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of expanded perlite, 30 parts of coconut chaff, 40 parts of bark, 50 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
The invention provides a preparation method of a seedling raising substrate with stable acidity, which comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing raw materials of the formula according to the weight parts in the formula of the preparation method, fumigating crushed plant straws, coconut coir, barks, sawdust, bagasse and mushroom residues, and respectively mixing the formulas of the lower-layer matrix, the middle-layer matrix and the upper-layer matrix;
uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite to obtain a lower-layer matrix, and paving the lower-layer matrix with the thickness of 20 cm; mixing the crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite to obtain a middle-layer matrix, and paving the middle-layer matrix with the thickness of 15 cm; mixing coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent to obtain an upper-layer matrix, and paving the upper-layer matrix with the thickness of 5 cm;
and watering the whole seedling culture substrate until the bottom of the lower substrate has moisture exudation, and then replenishing moisture in time when the surface of the upper substrate is dry.
Preferably, when the middle-layer matrix is mixed and blended, the vermiculite is neutral to alkaline, and the expanded perlite is acidic, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is adjusted by changing the ratio of the vermiculite to the expanded perlite, and if necessary, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is accurately detected by pH detection equipment after the plant straw crushed material, the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite are mixed to obtain the middle-layer matrix, so that the acidity of the middle-layer matrix is ensured.
Preferably, the vermiculite mainly has the function of increasing the air permeability and water retention of the soil medium, the medium is easy to compact and lose the air permeability and water retention along with the prolonging of the using time, the coarse vermiculite has longer using time than the fine vermiculite and good effect, the vermiculite in the seedling culture substrate is required to be selected from coarse flaky vermiculite, and even the seeding medium of fine seeds and the covering material of seeding are preferably coarse; perlite is a volcano erupted acid lava and is a vitreous rock which is rapidly cooled and has a name of a pearl crack structure, and the perlite with larger particles is gradually used in seedling culture and is used as an essential component of seedling culture soil to increase the air permeability and the water absorption of a nutrient medium.
The invention provides an application of a seedling substrate with stable acidity in tomato seedling.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that: compared with the prior art, the seedling culture substrate with stable acidity and the preparation method and the application thereof provided by the invention have the following advantages:
in the preparation process of the substrate, the invention carries out fumigation treatment on crushed plant straws, coconut chaff, barks, sawdust, bagasse and mushroom residues which are used as organic materials in the seedling substrate, so that some mixed bacteria in the organic materials are pretreated before fermentation and aging treatment to prevent the organic materials from being incompletely fermented and nutrient substances in the aging process from being fully decomposed and released, meanwhile, the lower-layer matrix obtained by uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite is used as the bottom layer of the middle-layer matrix, so that the middle-layer matrix is prevented from being influenced by external soil in the subsequent seedling raising use process, the PH value of the medium layer matrix is adjusted by changing the proportion of vermiculite and expanded perlite, and the pH value is detected by a PH detection device, so as to ensure the accurate control of the acid PH in the process of cultivating the seedling substrate and play a role in isolating the influence, namely, the seedling substrate obtains a more stable acid environment.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing an acid-stable seedling substrate according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not delimit the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides example 1:
an acid stable seedling substrate is divided into a lower substrate, a middle substrate and an upper substrate;
the lower substrate comprises gravel and ceramsite;
the middle layer matrix comprises crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite;
the upper substrate comprises coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent;
the composite material comprises, by mass, 50 parts of gravel, 20 parts of ceramsite, 50 parts of crushed plant straw, 20 parts of biochar, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of expanded perlite, 20 parts of coconut coir, 30 parts of bark, 40 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
The thickness of the lower-layer matrix is at least 20cm, the thickness of the middle-layer matrix is at least 15cm, the thickness of the upper-layer matrix is at least 5cm, and the particle size of the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite is 2-5 mm.
The proper amount of the water-retaining agent is 1-2% of the weight of mushroom residue, and the water-retaining agent is a gel water-retaining agent.
The invention provides a preparation method of a seedling raising substrate with stable acidity, which comprises the following steps:
weighing and preparing raw materials of the formula according to the weight parts in the formula of the preparation method, fumigating crushed plant straws, coconut coir, barks, sawdust, bagasse and mushroom residues, and respectively mixing the formulas of the lower-layer matrix, the middle-layer matrix and the upper-layer matrix;
uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite to obtain a lower-layer matrix, and paving the lower-layer matrix with the thickness of 20 cm; mixing the crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite to obtain a middle-layer matrix, and paving the middle-layer matrix with the thickness of 15 cm; mixing coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent to obtain an upper-layer matrix, and paving the upper-layer matrix with the thickness of 5 cm;
and watering the whole seedling culture substrate until the bottom of the lower substrate has moisture exudation, and then replenishing moisture in time when the surface of the upper substrate is dry.
When the middle-layer matrix is mixed and adjusted, the vermiculite is neutral to alkaline, the expanded perlite is acidic, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is adjusted by changing the proportion of the vermiculite to the expanded perlite, and if necessary, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is accurately detected after the plant straw crushed material, the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite are mixed to obtain the middle-layer matrix through a pH detection device, so that the acidity of the middle-layer matrix is ensured.
The vermiculite is mainly used for increasing the air permeability and water retention of a soil medium, the medium is easy to compact along with the prolonging of the using time and loses the air permeability and the water retention, the thick vermiculite is longer than the thin vermiculite, the effect is good, the thick flaky vermiculite is used in the seedling culture medium, and even if the vermiculite is a seeding medium of thin seeds and is used as a seeding covering material, the thick vermiculite is good; perlite is a volcano erupted acid lava and is a vitreous rock which is rapidly cooled and has a name of a pearl crack structure, and the perlite with larger particles is gradually used in seedling culture and is used as an essential component of seedling culture soil to increase the air permeability and the water absorption of a nutrient medium.
The invention provides an application of an acidic stable seedling substrate in tomato seedling culture, wherein the tomato seedling culture is used as the seedling substrate which needs to be slightly acidic, and the acidic stable seedling substrate can be effectively suitable for culturing tomato seedlings in the growth process.
Example 2:
different from the embodiment 1, the composite material comprises, by mass, 75 parts of gravel, 25 parts of ceramsite, 75 parts of crushed plant straw, 25 parts of charcoal, 40 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of expanded perlite, 25 parts of coconut husk, 35 parts of bark, 45 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bagasse, 7.5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
Example 3:
different from the embodiment 1, the composite material comprises, by mass, 100 parts of gravel, 30 parts of ceramsite, 100 parts of plant straw crushed material, 30 parts of biochar, 50 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of expanded perlite, 30 parts of coconut husk, 40 parts of bark, 50 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
In conclusion, in the preparation process of the substrate, the invention carries out fumigation treatment on the crushed plant straws, the coconut coir, the bark, the sawdust, the bagasse and the mushroom residue which are used as organic materials in the seedling substrate, so that some mixed bacteria in the organic materials are pretreated before fermentation and aging treatment to prevent the organic materials from being incompletely fermented and nutrient substances in the aging process from being fully decomposed and released, meanwhile, the lower-layer matrix obtained by uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite is used as the bottom layer of the middle-layer matrix, so that the middle-layer matrix is prevented from being influenced by external soil in the subsequent seedling-raising use process, the PH value of the medium layer matrix is adjusted by changing the proportion of vermiculite and expanded perlite, and the pH value is detected by a PH detection device, so as to ensure the accurate control of the acid PH in the process of cultivating the seedling substrate and play a role in isolating the influence, namely, the seedling substrate obtains a more stable acid environment.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The seedling raising substrate with stable acidity is characterized by being divided into a lower substrate, a middle substrate and an upper substrate;
the lower substrate comprises gravel and ceramsite;
the middle layer matrix comprises crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite;
the upper substrate comprises coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent;
the composite material comprises, by mass, 50-100 parts of gravel, 20-30 parts of ceramsite, 50-100 parts of crushed plant straw, 20-30 parts of biochar, 30-50 parts of vermiculite, 30-50 parts of expanded perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut husk, 30-40 parts of bark, 40-50 parts of sawdust, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 5-10 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
2. An acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the lower-layer matrix is at least 20cm, the thickness of the middle-layer matrix is at least 15cm, the thickness of the upper-layer matrix is at least 5cm, and the particle size of the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite is 2-5 mm.
3. An acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the proper amount of the water-retaining agent is 1-2% of the weight of mushroom residue, and the water-retaining agent is a gel water-retaining agent.
4. An acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1, wherein: according to the mass parts, the composite material comprises 50 parts of gravel, 20 parts of ceramsite, 50 parts of crushed plant straw, 20 parts of biochar, 30 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of expanded perlite, 20 parts of coconut coir, 30 parts of bark, 40 parts of sawdust, 10 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
5. An acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1, wherein: according to the weight parts, 75 parts of gravel, 25 parts of ceramsite, 75 parts of crushed plant straw, 25 parts of biochar, 40 parts of vermiculite, 40 parts of expanded perlite, 25 parts of coconut husk, 35 parts of bark, 45 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of bagasse, 7.5 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
6. An acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1, wherein: the composite material comprises, by mass, 100 parts of gravel, 30 parts of ceramsite, 100 parts of plant straw crushed material, 30 parts of biochar, 50 parts of vermiculite, 50 parts of expanded perlite, 30 parts of coconut coir, 40 parts of bark, 50 parts of sawdust, 20 parts of bagasse, 10 parts of mushroom residue and a proper amount of water-retaining agent.
7. A method for preparing an acid-stable seedling substrate according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
weighing and preparing raw materials of the formula according to the weight parts in the formula of the preparation method, fumigating crushed plant straws, coconut coir, barks, sawdust, bagasse and mushroom residues, and respectively mixing the formulas of the lower-layer matrix, the middle-layer matrix and the upper-layer matrix;
uniformly mixing gravel and ceramsite to obtain a lower-layer matrix, and paving the lower-layer matrix with the thickness of 20 cm; mixing the crushed plant straw, biochar, vermiculite and expanded perlite to obtain a middle-layer matrix, and paving the middle-layer matrix with the thickness of 15 cm; mixing coconut chaff, bark, sawdust, bagasse, mushroom residue and a water-retaining agent to obtain an upper-layer matrix, and paving the upper-layer matrix with the thickness of 5 cm;
and watering the whole seedling culture substrate until the bottom of the lower substrate has moisture exudation, and then replenishing moisture in time when the surface of the upper substrate is dry.
8. The method for preparing an acid-stable seedling substrate according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the middle-layer matrix is mixed and adjusted, the vermiculite is neutral to alkaline, the expanded perlite is acidic, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is adjusted by changing the proportion of the vermiculite to the expanded perlite, and if necessary, the pH value of the middle-layer matrix is accurately detected after the plant straw crushed material, the biochar, the vermiculite and the expanded perlite are mixed to obtain the middle-layer matrix through a pH detection device, so that the acidity of the middle-layer matrix is ensured.
9. The method for preparing an acid-stable seedling substrate according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the vermiculite is mainly used for increasing the air permeability and water retention of a soil medium, the medium is easy to compact along with the prolonging of the using time and loses the air permeability and the water retention, the thick vermiculite is longer than the thin vermiculite, the effect is good, the thick flaky vermiculite is used in the seedling culture medium, and even if the vermiculite is a seeding medium of thin seeds and is used as a seeding covering material, the thick vermiculite is good; perlite is adopted as a counter to vermiculite, is an acid lava erupted from volcanoes, is rapidly cooled to form vitreous rock, is named after the perlite has a pearl crack structure, and is gradually used in seedling culture as an essential component of seedling culture soil to increase the air permeability and the water absorption of a nutrient medium.
10. Use of an acid-stable growth substrate according to claim 1 for growing tomato seedlings.
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