CN115027103A - 电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法，所述制备方法包括：步骤S1、将用于制备静电纺丝的聚合物溶解于去离子水中，加入溶剂，搅拌，得到纺丝液；步骤S2、在基底层上利用纺丝液进行静电纺丝，使基底层上形成纳米纤维膜，作为静电纺丝层；步骤S3、将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层进行纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层；步骤S4、将步骤S3中所得到的过程件进行烘烤；步骤S5、将步骤S4中所得到的过程件冷却至设定温度，得到中电子产品中低频吸声结构。本发明提出的电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法，可降低电子产品的中低频降噪，降低环境污染。本发明有助于降低风噪声。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于噪声处理技术领域，涉及一种吸声结构，尤其涉及一种电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
当今世界，噪声污染不仅已经成为全球范围内的四大污染之一，而且，严重影响人们的生活和情绪，伤害着人们的身体和心理健康；为了降低环境和生活中的噪音，吸声材料的应用日益广泛。
在日常生活中，使用马达的家电产品，因为马达的振动带来噪音，如洗衣机、冰箱、抽油烟机、榨汁机等；还有因为发声产品产生的声泄露带来的噪音，例如电视机、手机、VR、AR等。
现有的电子产品中，一般使用泡棉来作为吸音的材料，来实现降低噪声的效果。当声音传入泡棉材料的表面时，声能一部分被反射，一部分穿透材料，还有一部由于泡棉的振动或声音在其中传播时与周围介质的摩擦，由声能转化成热能，声能被损耗，即通常所说声音被材料吸收。
但此材料高频吸声效果不错，但是电子产品的噪声频频一般在中低频100赫兹至4000赫兹，而且，人耳可听声的频率是300-3400赫兹。
此泡棉在中低频的吸声效果不佳；同时，该材料容易破损，并且极易吸潮，容易造成电子产品的腐蚀和短路。
有鉴于此，如今迫切需要设计一种新的噪声处理方式，以便克服现有噪声处理方式存在的上述至少部分缺陷。
发明内容
本发明提供一种电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法，可降低电子产品的中低频降噪，降低环境污染。
为解决上述技术问题，根据本发明的一个方面，采用如下技术方案：
一种电子产品中低频吸声结构，所述中低频吸声结构包括基底层、静电纺丝层，所述静电纺丝层设置于所述基底层的一侧，形成隔音内层；所述隔音内层外围镀有纳米镀膜层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述中低频吸声结构呈长方体形。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述静电纺丝层设置于所述基底层的上方；所述隔音内层的上方、下方、左侧、右侧分别被纳米镀膜层包围。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述基底层为泡棉层或纺丝层或聚酯层或无纺布层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述基底层为聚氨酯泡棉层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述静电纺丝层为聚合物材料层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述聚合物材料层为聚偏二氟乙烯材料层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述纳米镀膜层为纳米纤维材料层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，所述基底层的厚度为1mm～2m，所述静电纺丝层的厚度为 0.1mm～1m，所述纳米镀膜层的厚度为10～200μm。
根据本发明的一个方面，采用如下技术方案：一种上述的电子产品中低频吸声结构的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：
步骤S1、将用于制备静电纺丝的聚合物溶解于去离子水中，加入溶剂，搅拌，得到纺丝液；
步骤S2、在基底层上利用纺丝液进行静电纺丝，使基底层上形成纳米纤维膜，作为静电纺丝层；
步骤S3、将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层进行纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层；
步骤S4、将步骤S3中所得到的过程件进行烘烤；
步骤S5、将步骤S4中所得到的过程件冷却至设定温度，得到中电子产品中低频吸声结构。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤S3中，将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层放置于密封的蒸汽环境中，通过等离子放电在其所有接触面发生化学反应，从而形成纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层。
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤S1中，所述溶剂包括N,N--二甲基甲酰胺溶剂；
作为本发明的一种实施方式，步骤S2中，静电纺丝电压设置为12-15kV，纺丝液PVDF 溶液浓度设定为10％-12％；所述基底层为聚氨酯泡棉层，聚氨酯泡棉层的厚度1mm-2m,其流阻范围是10MKS Rayls-100000MKS Rayls。
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明提出的电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法，可降低电子产品的中低频降噪，降低环境污染。同时，风噪声一般发生在低频常规在200～500赫兹，本发明有助于降低风噪声。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中电子产品中低频吸声结构的制备方法的流程图。
图2为本发明一实施例中电子产品中低频吸声结构的结构示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例中吸声结构隔声效果的测试结果示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例中吸声结构声阻抗的测试结果示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例中吸声结构表面在一显微镜下的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制。
该部分的描述只针对几个典型的实施例，本发明并不仅局限于实施例描述的范围。相同或相近的现有技术手段与实施例中的一些技术特征进行相互替换也在本发明描述和保护的范围内。
说明书中的“连接”既包含直接连接，也包含间接连接。
本发明揭示了一种电子产品中低频吸声结构，图2为本发明一实施例中电子产品中低频吸声结构的结构示意图；请参阅图2，所述中低频吸声结构包括基底层(可以由泡棉材质形成，作为泡棉层1)、静电纺丝层2，所述静电纺丝层2设置于所述泡棉层1的一侧，形成隔音内层；所述隔音内层外围镀有纳米镀膜层3。当然，所述基底层也可以为纺丝层，纺丝层的材料可以与静电纺丝层2相同(也可以有差别)；或者为聚酯层或无纺布层。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述中低频吸声结构呈长方体形。所述静电纺丝层2设置于所述泡棉层1的上方；所述隔音内层的上方、下方、左侧、右侧分别被纳米镀膜层3包围。
在本发明的一实施例中，所述泡棉层1为聚氨酯泡棉层，所述静电纺丝层2为聚合物材料层，所述聚合物材料层为聚偏二氟乙烯材料层，所述纳米镀膜层3为纳米纤维材料层。在一实施例中，所述泡棉层1的厚度为1mm～2m，所述静电纺丝层2的厚度为0.1mm～1m，所述纳米镀膜层3的厚度为50nm。
所述此电子产品中低频吸声降噪材料的厚度为1mm～2m，聚合物纤维厚度为0.1mm～1m，所述真空镀膜的纳米纤维的厚度为50nm。
静电纺丝使用材料可以包括PVDF聚偏二氟乙烯等聚合物，分子量MW＝260000-550000, N,N--二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为分析纯，实验室自制去离子水,载体为厚度为1mm聚氨酯泡棉板材。
聚合物材料不仅可以使用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，还可以使用聚偏二氟乙烯-共-六氟丙烯、全氟聚合物、聚氯乙烯或聚偏二氯乙烯及其共聚物、聚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺，聚四氟乙烯，聚氨酯。泡棉可以包括PU泡棉，防静电泡棉，导电泡棉，EPE，防静电EPE,CR，EVA，架桥PE，SBR，EPDM等的至少一种。泡棉材质不仅可以使用聚氨酯，还可以使用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯、氯丁橡胶、丁苯橡胶等材质。
此超材料防水接触角大幅度提升，从无防水涂层的80提升至158度，防玉米油接触角，从60度提升至143度，测试设备德国Kruss，型号DA30S。使用赛默飞世尔公司的扫描电子显微镜Apreo C型，观察此超材料的表面如图5所示。
本发明进一步揭示一种上述的电子产品中低频吸声结构的制备方法，图1为本发明一实施例中电子产品中低频吸声结构的制备方法的流程图；请参阅图1，所述制备方法包括：
【步骤S1】将用于制备静电纺丝的聚合物溶解于去离子水中，加入溶剂，搅拌，得到纺丝液。
在一实施例中，所述聚合物可以包括聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，还可以包括聚(偏二氟乙烯- 共-六氟丙烯)、全氟聚合物、聚氯乙烯或聚偏二氯乙烯及其共聚物、聚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺，聚四氟乙烯，聚氨酯。所述溶剂包括N,N--二甲基甲酰胺溶剂；搅拌方式可以为磁力搅拌、电机搅拌等。
【步骤S2】在基底层上利用纺丝液进行静电纺丝，使基底层上形成纳米纤维膜，作为静电纺丝层。所述基底层可以为泡棉材质或/和纺丝材质，作为泡棉层或/和纺丝层。
所述泡棉层的材料可以包括PU泡棉，防静电泡棉，导电泡棉，EPE，防静电EPE,CR，EVA，架桥PE，SBR，EPDM等。这里，泡棉材质不仅可以使用聚氨酯，还可以使用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物，聚乙烯，氯丁橡胶，丁苯橡胶等材质。
此外，静电纺丝电压可以设置为12-15kV，纺丝液PVDF溶液浓度可以设定为10％-12％，聚氨酯泡棉层的厚度可以设定为1mm-2m,其流阻范围是10MKS Rayls-100000MKSRayls(测量设备南京声流科技Sound Flow，型号是SF-AR-06200K)。
【步骤S3】将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层进行纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层。在一实施例中，将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层放置于密封的蒸汽环境中，通过等离子放电在其所有接触面发生化学反应，从而形成纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层。
【步骤S4】将步骤S3中所得到的过程件进行烘烤(烘烤温度可以设定为80℃，烘烤场所可以为烘道内)。
【步骤S5】将步骤S4中所得到的过程件冷却至设定温度，得到中电子产品中低频吸声结构。
在一实施例中，可以将步骤S4中所得到的过程件在万级洁净车间放置至室温，在线无损测量吸声系数，即得到电声超材料。
根据隔声质量定律，提升中低频材料的降噪效果，需要增强材料表面密度，质量和厚度。本专利通过在聚氨酯泡棉上进行聚偏二氟乙烯等聚合物的静电纺丝，增加质量和厚度，并且在外层进行纳米真空镀膜，提高表面密度。与此同时，通过烘道加温后此超材料自然收缩，张紧静电纺丝层减小其声抗率。随着质量的增加，使得此超材料的吸声特征频率从高频向低频移动，即吸声下潜至中低频，而且产生新的振动模态；张紧静电纺丝层后，利用其反共振动特性，中心和四周的振动位移反相，可以实现远高于其质量定律的降噪隔声量，从而，产生优异的吸声降噪效果。
隔声质量定律介绍：
公式：
其中，ω为角频率，ρ为材料的密度，D为材料的厚度，ρ0为空气的密度，c0为声速。当ρD 提升一倍，其降噪隔声量可提高6dB。所以，提升物理指标表面密度，厚度和质量可以提升隔声降噪效果。
特定频率隔声的测量：
例如：在200Hz，94dB声输入条件下，沿样品柱面方向传输，样品压缩率40％+/-4％，空气声隔离量大于23dB。
基于ASTM E1050-19，ISO 10534-2:1998E和GB/T18696-2:2002测试标准及其工业应用的相关延伸，采用声学传输线理论进行待测样品声传输损失测试。测试设备使用南京声流科技Sound Flow的阻抗管，型号为SFIT-STL-5020K。
测试步骤如下：
第一步：输入信号为单频正弦信号，频率为200Hz，输出功率为94dB。
第二步：输入信号为宽带声激发信号(100Hz-3kHz)，输出功率为94dB。
测量结果如图3及表1所示。
| 样品 | 厚度 | 隔声效果 |
| No.1 | 50cm | 23.2dB |
| No.2 | 60cm | 24.8dB |
表1隔声效果测试结果表
吸声系数公式：
其中，α为吸声系数，Rr声阻率，Ri声抗率。降低声抗率可以提升吸声系数，即提高吸声降噪的效果；可参阅图4所示。材料的声阻抗的测量使用南京声流科技Sound Flow的阻抗管，型号为SFIT-MAI-1010K。
综上所述，本发明提出的电子产品中低频吸声结构及其制备方法，可降低电子产品的中低频降噪，降低环境污染。同时，风噪声一般发生在低频常规在200～500赫兹，本发明有助于降低风噪声。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
这里本发明的描述和应用是说明性的，并非想将本发明的范围限制在上述实施例中。实施例中所涉及的效果或优点可因多种因素干扰而可能不能在实施例中体现，对于效果或优点的描述不用于对实施例进行限制。这里所披露的实施例的变形和改变是可能的，对于那些本领域的普通技术人员来说实施例的替换和等效的各种部件是公知的。本领域技术人员应该清楚的是，在不脱离本发明的精神或本质特征的情况下，本发明可以以其它形式、结构、布置、比例，以及用其它组件、材料和部件来实现。在不脱离本发明范围和精神的情况下，可以对这里所披露的实施例进行其它变形和改变。
Claims (10)
1.一种电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于，所述中低频吸声结构包括基底层、静电纺丝层，所述静电纺丝层设置于所述基底层的一侧，形成吸声内层；所述吸声内层外围镀有纳米镀膜层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于：
所述中低频吸声结构呈长方体形。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于：
所述静电纺丝层设置于所述基底层的上方；所述隔音内层的上方、下方、左侧、右侧分别被纳米镀膜层包围。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于：
所述基底层为泡棉层或纺丝层或聚酯层或无纺布层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于：
所述泡棉层为聚氨酯泡棉层；所述静电纺丝层为聚合物材料层，所述聚合物材料层为聚偏二氟乙烯材料层；所述纳米镀膜层为纳米纤维材料层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构，其特征在于：
所述基底层的厚度为1mm～2m，所述静电纺丝层的厚度为0.1mm～1m，所述纳米镀膜层的厚度为10～200μm。
7.一种权利要求1至6任一所述的电子产品中低频吸声结构的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：
步骤S1、将用于制备静电纺丝的聚合物溶解于去离子水中，加入溶剂，搅拌，得到纺丝液；
步骤S2、在基底层上利用纺丝液进行静电纺丝，使基底层上形成纳米纤维膜，作为静电纺丝层；
步骤S3、将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层进行纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层；
步骤S4、将步骤S3中所得到的过程件进行烘烤；
步骤S5、将步骤S4中所得到的过程件冷却至设定温度，得到中电子产品中低频吸声结构。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤S3中，将步骤S2中所得到的吸声内层放置于密封的蒸汽环境中，通过等离子放电在其所有接触面发生化学反应，从而形成纳米真空镀膜，将吸声内层所有表面镀上防水防油涂层。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤S1中，所述溶剂包括N,N--二甲基甲酰胺溶剂。
10.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤S2中，静电纺丝电压设置为12-15kV，纺丝液PVDF溶液浓度设定为10％-12％；所述基底层为聚氨酯泡棉层，聚氨酯泡棉层的厚度1mm-2m,其流阻范围是10MKS Rayls-100000MKS Rayls。
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| US20170200441A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-07-13 | Maryam Mohammadi Gojani | Sound absorbing structure including nanofibers |
| CN108749235A (zh) * | 2018-05-06 | 2018-11-06 | 李磊 | 一种聚四氟乙烯夹层超疏水吸音针刺非织造纺织复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN210459820U (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-05-05 | 广州俊麒无纺布企业有限公司 | 一种隔音无纺布 |
| CN111519263A (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-08-11 | 东华大学 | 一种轻质中低频吸声材料及其制备方法 |
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| US20170200441A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-07-13 | Maryam Mohammadi Gojani | Sound absorbing structure including nanofibers |
| CN108749235A (zh) * | 2018-05-06 | 2018-11-06 | 李磊 | 一种聚四氟乙烯夹层超疏水吸音针刺非织造纺织复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN210459820U (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2020-05-05 | 广州俊麒无纺布企业有限公司 | 一种隔音无纺布 |
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