CN115026429A - Welding method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for automobile - Google Patents
Welding method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN115026429A CN115026429A CN202210674646.2A CN202210674646A CN115026429A CN 115026429 A CN115026429 A CN 115026429A CN 202210674646 A CN202210674646 A CN 202210674646A CN 115026429 A CN115026429 A CN 115026429A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/244—Overlap seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
A welding method for improving the performance of a joint of aluminum-silicon plated layer hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel for an automobile is characterized in that two welding samples of aluminum-silicon plated layer hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel for the automobile are clamped on a laser welding experimental platform, welding parts are overlapped together, the overlapping length is 5-15 mm, and the overlapping gap is 0-1 mm; preparing alloy powder with the granularity of 200-500 meshes, wherein the alloy powder is a mixture of carbon and iron powder, and the weight percentage contents of the carbon and the iron are as follows: 20 to 60 percent of carbon and 40 to 80 percent of iron; spreading the alloy powder along the direction of a welding bead in a bonding mode, wherein the thickness of a layering layer is 30-300 mu m; welding by adopting laser, wherein the incident angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees, and the laser power is 1-4 kw; the welding speed is 1-4 m/min, and argon with the flow rate of 10-25L/min is adopted to protect a molten pool. The method can obviously improve the weld joint structure and improve the strength of the lap joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding method for improving the performance of an aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for an automobile.
Background
The light weight of the automobile is the hot spot of the research of the automobile manufacturing industry at present. Although light materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, composite material and carbon fiber material can reduce the quality of the whole vehicle and reduce the fuel consumption, the comprehensive factors such as the forming performance, hardness, welding performance and cost cannot be matched with those of steel materials, so that high-strength or ultrahigh-strength steel with reduced steel plate thickness is more and more favored by automobile manufacturers.
The hot forming ultra-high strength steel boron steel heats special high-strength boron alloy steel to austenitize through a hot forming technology, then quickly cools the boron alloy steel, the structure is changed from austenite to full martensite, and the ultra-high strength steel plate with the tensile strength of more than 1500MPa can be obtained. In order to prevent the hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel from being oxidized or carbonized in the hot stamping process, an aluminum-silicon coating is usually plated on the surface of a steel plate, so that the hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel with the aluminum-silicon coating widely used at present is formed. However, in the subsequent welding process, aluminum in the plating layer easily enters the weld joint and forms segregation in the weld joint, so that the strength and the ductility and toughness of the weld joint are poor. At present, when the aluminum-silicon-plated hot-formed high-strength steel for automobiles is welded, the coating is generally removed by adopting the technologies of laser cleaning, mechanical polishing, shot blasting and the like, and then welding is carried out. The cleaning process can increase the investment of equipment, and the cleaning speed is low, so that the production efficiency is reduced, and the production cost is increased; meanwhile, the dust generated after removal needs to be collected and treated, and the production auxiliary cost is increased.
At present, most researches on welding (tailor welding) technology and method of aluminum-silicon coating hot forming ultrahigh strength steel are focused on, however, in the actual manufacturing process, the hot forming ultrahigh strength steel is used after being lapped. In the prior art, the lap welding process and method for the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel are less researched, and the welding is mostly carried out by adopting methods such as pure laser welding, resistance spot welding and the like. Resistance spot welding does not allow closed type welding and the quality of the joint lacks a suitable non-destructive testing method. Although pure laser can carry out high-efficiency welding, the quality of a joint can be reduced due to the fact that an aluminum plating layer enters a weld joint, and therefore a welding process and a method for improving the performance of an aluminum-silicon plating layer hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel lap weld joint for an automobile need to be found urgently.
According to the welding of the lap joint of the aluminum-silicon hot forming ultrahigh strength steel for the automobile, the thickness of the lap joint is increased, and four layers of plating layers of two layers of plates are dissolved in a thin and deep welding line. By analyzing the structure of the laser lap joint welding head, it can be found that the reason that the mechanical property of the joint is low is that the joint forms high-temperature ferrite (the reason that the high-temperature ferrite is mainly dissolved in the Al-based coating, and Al is a stable ferrite forming element), the high-temperature ferrite is gathered near the welding seam, and the mechanical property of the joint is seriously influenced along with the increase of the focusing degree of the high-temperature ferrite (the high-temperature ferrite is a low-strength low-toughness phase). Besides the high-temperature ferrite, the weld seam also contains martensite converted from the high-temperature austenite. How to reduce the amount of high-temperature ferrite and the focusing degree thereof and increase the possibility of forming high-temperature austenite is the key point for improving the performance of the joint. According to Fe-C phase diagram and other related knowledge of materials science, carbon is a very good stable austenite forming element, so that the weld joint can form more austenite in the solidification process, the ferrite forming power is reduced, and the ferrite forming amount in the weld joint can be reduced. In addition, because of the gap in welding and the loss of spatter and ablation in laser welding, a certain amount of iron needs to be added to the alloy powder to fill up the gap. Based on the method, the iron-carbon alloy is added, the alloy powder components and the adding amount are controlled, and the laser lap welding is carried out by adopting a proper laser welding process, so that the aim of improving the performance of the joint is fulfilled.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile, which can simplify the process flow of the lap welding, has low implementation cost, can improve the production efficiency, and can obviously improve the weld structure and improve the strength of the lap welding joint.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a welding method for improving the performance of a hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint of an aluminum-silicon coating for an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel, then clamping two welding samples of the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel for automobiles on a laser welding experimental platform, and overlapping the welding parts together to form a welding part; the overlapping length of the welding parts is 5-15 mm, and the overlapping gap is 0-1 mm;
step two: preparing alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the alloy powder is 200-500 meshes, the alloy powder is a mixture of carbon and iron powder, and the weight percentage content of the carbon and iron is respectively as follows: 20 to 60 percent of carbon and 40 to 80 percent of iron;
step three: spreading the alloy powder along the direction of a welding bead in a bonding mode, wherein the thickness of a layering layer is 30-300 mu m;
step four: welding by adopting laser, wherein the incident angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees and the laser power is 1-4 kw during welding; the welding speed is 1-4 m/min, the molten pool is protected by argon, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
The method of pretreatment in step one is as follows:
firstly, dipping a cotton ball with an organic solvent to wipe the front and back surfaces of the hot-formed high-strength steel, and removing impurities on the surfaces; and then, carrying out quick blow-drying treatment on the wiped hot-formed high-strength steel, and then placing the steel at a dry place to be welded.
In the first step, the organic solvent is acetone or ethanol.
In the first step, the lapping length is 10mm, and the lapping gap is 0.1 mm.
In the fourth step, the incident angle of the laser is 85 °; the flow rate of the shielding gas was 15L/min.
In the second step, the weight percentage of the carbon iron is as follows: 20 percent of carbon and 80 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 100 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 2 kw; the welding speed was 1 m/min.
In the second step, the weight percentage of the carbon iron is as follows: 35 percent of carbon and 65 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 150 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 4 kw; the welding speed was 3 m/min.
According to the invention, the problem that a pure laser welding head slightly collapses is solved by adding the alloy components, so that the forming quality is improved, and a high-quality lap joint can be obtained. More importantly, due to the addition of alloy components in the welding process, the formation of ferrite is inhibited, the aggregation of the ferrite is effectively relieved, and the mechanical property of the lap joint is remarkably improved. The method can adjust the weld joint structure by controlling the components and the addition of the alloy and matching with a laser welding process, reduces the aggregation degree of a plating layer in the weld joint, particularly the aggregation degree of the plating layer at a fusion line, thereby obtaining a lap joint with higher strength. Compared with the traditional method, the invention does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot-formed high-strength steel, simplifies the process flow of the lap welding, improves the production efficiency, obviously improves the welding seam structure and improves the strength of the lap welding joint.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of laser welding assembly for improving the performance of aluminum-silicon coated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel lap joints for automobiles by adding alloy powder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in figure 1, the invention provides a welding method for improving the performance of a hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint with an aluminum-silicon coating for an automobile, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel, then clamping welding samples of two pieces of automobile aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel on a laser welding experimental platform, and enabling welding parts to be lapped together to form a welding part; the lap joint length of the welding part is 5-15 mm, and the lap joint gap is 0-1 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel is 0.5-3 mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-silicon coating in the aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel is 20-40 mu m;
step two: preparing alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the alloy powder is 200-500 meshes, the alloy powder is a mixture of carbon and iron powder, and the weight percentage content of the carbon and iron is respectively as follows: 20 to 60 percent of carbon and 40 to 80 percent of iron;
step three: spreading the alloy powder along the direction of a welding bead in a bonding mode, wherein the thickness of a layering layer is 30-300 mu m;
step four: welding by adopting laser, wherein the incident angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees and the laser power is 1-4 kw during welding; the welding speed is 1-4 m/min, the molten pool is protected by argon, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
The method of pretreatment in step one is as follows:
dipping a cotton ball in an organic solvent to wipe the front and back surfaces of the hot-formed high-strength steel, and removing impurities on the surfaces; and then, carrying out quick blow-drying treatment on the wiped hot-formed high-strength steel, and then placing the steel at a drying place to be welded.
In the first step, the organic solvent is acetone or ethanol.
In the first step, the lap joint length is 10mm, and the lap joint gap is 0.1 mm.
In the fourth step, the incident angle of the laser is 85 °; the flow rate of the shielding gas was 15L/min.
In the second step, the weight percentage of the carbon iron is as follows: 20 percent of carbon and 80 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 100 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 2 kw; the welding speed was 1 m/min.
In the second step, the weight percentage of the carbon iron is as follows: 35 percent of carbon and 65 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 150 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 4 kw; the welding speed was 3 m/min.
And during welding, starting a laser welding system, melting the base metal through laser, and forming a welding line after cooling. The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
assembling the aluminum-silicon plated layer hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel subjected to pre-welding pretreatment to form an overlap joint as shown in figure 1, wherein alloy components are carbon 20% with the granularity of 300 meshes, alloy powder with 80% of iron is bonded and paved on a weld bead by adopting a bonding agent by 100 mu m, the overlap length of the joint is 10mm, the overlap gap is 0.1mm, the incidence angle of laser is 85 degrees, the power of the laser is 2kW, the welding speed is 1m/min, and when argon is adopted for protection, the flow of the argon is 15L/min, and laser welding is carried out.
The results show that the whole weld joint is well formed after welding, has no splash and is a full penetration weld joint. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into four parts, namely a coarse grain heat affected zone and a fine grain heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a mixed heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and a tempering zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to the welding seam; the tempering zone is a softened zone with lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 701MPa, which is higher than the strength (about 450MPa) of the lap joint without the addition of the alloy powder.
Example 2:
assembling the aluminum-silicon plated layer hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel subjected to pre-welding pretreatment to form an overlap joint as shown in figure 1, wherein alloy components are 35% of carbon with the granularity of 500 meshes, alloy powder with 65% of iron is bonded and paved on a weld bead by adopting a bonding agent to be 150 mu m, the overlap length of the joint is 10mm, the overlap gap is 0.1mm, the incidence angle of laser is 85 degrees, the power of the laser is 4kW, the welding speed is 3m/min, and when argon is adopted for protection, the flow of the argon is 15L/min, and laser welding is carried out.
The results show that the whole weld joint is well formed after welding, has no splash and is a full penetration weld joint. The center of the welding seam is martensite and a little ferrite; the heat affected zone is divided into four parts, namely a coarse grain heat affected zone and a fine grain heat affected zone (the structure is mainly lath martensite), a mixed heat affected zone (the structure is martensite and ferrite) and a tempering zone (the structure is tempered martensite) which are close to the welding seam; the tempering zone is a softened zone of lower hardness. The weld joint of the process is subjected to a tensile test, and the joint is broken at a fusion line; the tensile strength of the joint can reach 746MPa, which is higher than the strength of the lap joint without adding alloy powder (about 450 MPa).
According to the welding of the lap joint of the aluminum-silicon hot forming ultrahigh strength steel for the automobile, the thickness of the plate is increased after the lap joint of the joint, and four layers of plating layers of two layers of plates are dissolved in a thin and deep welding line. By analyzing the structure of the laser lap joint welding head, it can be found that the reason that the mechanical property of the joint is low is that the joint forms high-temperature ferrite (the reason that the high-temperature ferrite is mainly dissolved in the Al-based coating, and Al is a stable ferrite forming element), the high-temperature ferrite is gathered near the welding seam, and the mechanical property of the joint is seriously influenced along with the increase of the focusing degree of the high-temperature ferrite (the high-temperature ferrite is a low-strength low-toughness phase). Besides high-temperature ferrite, the weld seam also contains martensite converted from high-temperature austenite. How to reduce the amount of high-temperature ferrite and the focusing degree thereof and increase the possibility of forming high-temperature austenite is the key point for improving the performance of the joint. According to the Fe-C phase diagram, carbon is a very good stable austenite forming element, so that more austenite can be formed in the welding seam in the solidification process, the ferrite forming power is reduced, and the ferrite forming amount in the welding seam can be reduced. In addition, because of the gap in welding and the loss of spatter and ablation in laser welding, a certain amount of iron needs to be added to the alloy powder to fill up the gap. Based on the method, the iron-carbon alloy is added, the alloy powder components and the adding amount are controlled, and the laser lap welding is carried out by adopting a proper laser welding process, so that the aim of improving the performance of the joint is fulfilled.
The invention solves the problem that a pure laser welding head slightly collapses by adding alloy components, thereby improving the forming quality and obtaining a high-quality lap joint. More importantly, due to the addition of alloy components in the welding process, the formation of ferrite is inhibited, the aggregation of the ferrite is effectively relieved, and the mechanical property of the lap joint is remarkably improved. The method can adjust the weld joint structure by controlling the components and the addition of the alloy and matching with a laser welding process, reduces the aggregation degree of a plating layer in the weld joint, particularly the aggregation degree of the plating layer at a fusion line, thereby obtaining a lap joint with higher strength. Compared with the traditional method, the method does not need to remove the aluminum-silicon coating on the surface of the hot-formed high-strength steel, simplifies the process flow of the lap welding, improves the production efficiency, obviously improves the weld joint structure and improves the strength of the lap welding joint.
Claims (7)
1. A welding method for improving the performance of an aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for an automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel, then clamping welding samples of two pieces of automobile aluminum-silicon coating hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel on a laser welding experimental platform, and enabling welding parts to be lapped together to form a welding part; the overlapping length of the welding parts is 5-15 mm, and the overlapping gap is 0-1 mm;
step two: preparing alloy powder, wherein the granularity of the alloy powder is 200-500 meshes, the alloy powder is a mixture of carbon and iron powder, and the weight percentage of the carbon and the iron are as follows: 20 to 60 percent of carbon and 40 to 80 percent of iron;
step three: spreading the alloy powder along the direction of a welding bead in a bonding mode, wherein the thickness of a layering layer is 30-300 mu m;
step four: welding by adopting laser, wherein the incident angle of the laser is 85-90 degrees and the laser power is 1-4 kw during welding; the welding speed is 1-4 m/min, the molten pool is protected by argon, and the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min.
2. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that the pretreatment method in the step one is as follows:
firstly, dipping a cotton ball with an organic solvent to wipe the front and back surfaces of the hot-formed high-strength steel, and removing impurities on the surfaces; and then, carrying out quick blow-drying treatment on the wiped hot-formed high-strength steel, and then placing the steel at a drying place to be welded.
3. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the step one, the organic solvent is acetone or ethanol.
4. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 3, wherein the overlapping length in the first step is 10mm, and the overlapping gap is 0.1 mm.
5. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 4, characterized in that in the fourth step, the incident angle of laser is 85 degrees; the flow rate of the protective gas was 15L/min.
6. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, the contents of carbon and iron in percentage by weight are respectively as follows: 20 percent of carbon and 80 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 100 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 2 kw; the welding speed was 1 m/min.
7. The welding method for improving the performance of the aluminum-silicon-plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for the automobile according to claim 5, wherein in the second step, the contents of carbon and iron in percentage by weight are respectively as follows: 35 percent of carbon and 65 percent of iron; in the third step, the thickness of the paving layer is 150 μm; in the fourth step, the granularity of the alloy powder is 300 meshes; the laser power is 4 kw; the welding speed was 3 m/min.
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| CN202210674646.2A CN115026429A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Welding method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for automobile |
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| CN202210674646.2A CN115026429A (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2022-06-15 | Welding method for improving performance of aluminum-silicon plated hot-formed ultrahigh-strength steel joint for automobile |
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