CN114953880A - Damping-controllable external magneto-rheological intelligent suspension system, control method and vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a damping-controllable external magneto-rheological intelligent suspension system, a control method and a vehicle, wherein the damping-controllable external magneto-rheological intelligent suspension system comprises a suspension oil cylinder, a connecting pipe, a magneto-rheological control unit and an energy accumulator; the magnetorheological control unit is positioned between the suspension oil cylinder and the energy accumulator and is connected with the suspension oil cylinder and the energy accumulator through a connecting pipe; magnetorheological fluid is arranged among the suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the energy accumulator; when the suspension oil cylinder compresses and extends, the suspension oil cylinder and the energy storage device conduct magnetorheological fluid to flow back and forth, and when an external current is applied to the magnetorheological control unit, the electromagnetic field in the magnetorheological control unit promotes the magnetorheological fluid to be solidified, so that the flowing speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the damping of a suspension system are influenced; by increasing and decreasing the impressed current, the electromagnetic field strength is increased and decreased to adjust the system damping. The invention can effectively improve the environmental adaptability, comfort and system reliability of the vehicle, improve the operating efficiency of the vehicle, and simultaneously can reduce the difficulty of the design and manufacturing process and reduce the cost.

Description

Controllable damping external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system, control method and vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping. A suspension oil cylinder is connected with an axle or a wheel hub and is an integral part of a vehicle suspension system. The suspension oil cylinder will allow the movement of the suspension system to occur and provide damping for the movement. , The application of suspension cylinders is very common, but not limited to mining construction machinery, agricultural machinery, military and road vehicles. Therefore, the present invention belongs to the technical field of vehicles.

Background technique

The working conditions of mining dump trucks are particularly harsh and the bumps are severe. A reliable suspension system is the key to ensuring the normal operation of the vehicle and the comfort and safety of the driver. With the continuous maturity of the hydraulic system and the reduction of cost, the current suspension system of mining dump trucks mostly adopts the form of oil and gas suspension, replacing the leaf spring suspension, and the comfort is improved to a certain extent.

The suspension system is able to use an external accumulator/accumulator to vary the damping performance of the suspension based on cylinder compression. When the piston in the cylinder is pressed in, the fluid from the cylinder is forced into the accumulator/accumulator through the connecting tube. Higher damping control of simple pressurized cylinders is possible with proper control of initial volume and pressure. Multiple accumulator accumulators with different set pressures can provide different degrees of suspension damping depending on the cylinder compression. However, this is still limited to the initial set pressure, and if the pressure is not checked and maintained, the performance will gradually degrade over time. The existing mine dump truck suspension system cannot realize active control of suspension damping to adapt to different working conditions. Reliability, comfort and safety need to be further improved to meet the ever-increasing demands of mine operation.

CN202110025564.0 and CN202110838279.0 each disclose an oil and gas suspension system for mining dump trucks, which is a connected balance suspension using conventional oil, using an external accumulator/accumulator, and connecting the Suspension cylinders are connected and belong to an uncontrollable damping system. When the vehicle is heavily impacted by the ground, the shock absorption effect is poor, and the vibration generated by the uneven ground will be transmitted to the frame and the cab, resulting in cracking of the frame body and poor comfort in the cab. .

A magnetorheological fluid (MR) is a smart fluid, which is a base fluid, usually an oil, whose role is to suspend micro- or nano-scale magnetic particles. When a magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field, its properties change. This is because when the magnetic particles within that fluid are aligned with the magnetic field, the fluid "solidifies" and its viscosity increases with the strength of the magnetic field. This principle is used in magnetorheological cylinders, where magnets in the cylinder piston increase the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid as it flows through the channels in the piston. Magnets inside the pistons cause rapid and precise changes in the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid to control the resistance to piston movement and the performance of the cylinder.

CN201911181952.7 A hydraulic oil cylinder of a magnetorheological elastomer, a magnetorheological control oil cylinder structure is introduced, which is a magnetorheological structure of an oil cylinder body. The space in the cylinder is limited and the structure is relatively complex. In order to match the size of the suspension cylinder of this configuration and application, the volume of each component is small, which cannot be adapted to the harsh working conditions of the mine. In addition, the design and installation of controllable magnets on the oil cylinders require complicated manufacturing processes, resulting in high process equipment and production costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention discloses an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping, which can effectively improve the environmental adaptability, comfort and system reliability of the vehicle, improve the operation efficiency of the vehicle, and at the same time can reduce the difficulty of design and manufacturing process, reduce the cost.

The present invention is realized according to the following technical solutions:

The invention discloses an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping, comprising a suspension oil cylinder, a connecting pipe, a magnetorheological control unit and an accumulator; the magnetorheological control unit is located between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator. , the three are connected by a connecting pipe; a magnetorheological fluid is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator; when the suspension oil cylinder is compressed and extended, it is connected with the accumulator. At the same time, the magnetorheological fluid is conducted to flow back and forth. When an external current is applied to the magnetorheological control unit, the electromagnetic field in the magnetorheological control unit causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow speed and suspension of the magnetorheological fluid. The size of the system damping; by increasing and decreasing the applied current, thereby increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system.

It should be noted that the magnetorheological fluid is composed of base oil and magnetically suspended particles. The base fluid, usually an oil, acts to suspend the micro- or nano-scale magnetic particles. When a magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field, its properties change. When the magnetic particles within this fluid align with the magnetic field, the fluid "solidifies" and its viscosity increases with the strength of the magnetic field.

A preferred embodiment of the magnetorheological control unit:

The magnetorheological control unit is a flow magnetorheological control unit; the flow magnetorheological control unit includes a closed casing, an electromagnet and a channel located in the casing, and the channel is a magnetorheological fluid channel; After the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated, and the magnetic field disappears after the power is turned off; the casing is connected to the connecting pipe through a threaded connection device, and when the suspension oil cylinder is compressed and extended, it conducts the magnetorheological fluid to flow back and forth together with the accumulator, and the connecting pipe passes through. The flow magnetorheological control unit receives the magnetorheological fluid; the magnetorheological fluid flows through the channel in the electromagnet, and when an applied current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid And the size of the suspension system damping.

Another preferred embodiment of the magnetorheological control unit:

The magnetorheological control unit is a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit; the wrap-around magnetorheological control unit is composed of an electromagnet, and the inside of the electromagnet is a hollow channel; the connecting pipe passes through the channel and its two ends It is respectively connected with the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and there is a flowing magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe; after the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated, the magnetic field passes through the connecting pipe, and the magnetic field disappears after the power is cut off; when the suspension oil cylinder compresses and extends , together with the accumulator, the magnetorheological fluid is repeatedly conducted in the connecting pipe; when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field "solidifies" the magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe, thereby affecting the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the effect of the system's synthetic damping. size.

A further solution: also includes an intelligent control center; the intelligent control center includes a central controller and a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors; the input ends of the central controller are respectively electrically connected with a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors, and the The output end of the central controller is electrically connected to the magnetorheological control unit; the central controller collects vehicle running information and vehicle running information collected by sensors, performs analysis and calculation, and then outputs a current of predetermined strength to the magnetorheological control unit, Controls the magnitude of the magnetic field.

A further solution: the number of the suspension oil cylinder is one, the number of the magnetorheological control unit is one, and the number of the accumulator is one; a magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator. , The suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator are connected by connecting pipes, so as to constitute the external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system of the single axle.

The invention also discloses a vehicle, comprising an axle and two sets of the above-mentioned external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping; the two sets of external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping are independently arranged at the on both sides of the axle.

A further solution: the number of the suspension oil cylinders is two, the number of the magnetorheological control units is two, and the number of the accumulators is one; A magnetorheological control unit, the suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator are connected by connecting pipes, so as to form a dual-axis interconnected external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system.

The invention also discloses a vehicle, comprising two axles and two sets of the above-mentioned external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping; the two sets of external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping are independent of each other on both sides of the two axles.

The invention also discloses a control method for an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension with controllable damping. The control method is as follows:

A flow magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and the three are connected by a connecting pipe; the outside of the flow magnetorheological control unit is a closed casing, and an electromagnet and a channel are arranged in the casing. , the channel is a magnetorheological fluid channel. The electromagnet generates a magnetic field when it is energized, and the magnetic field disappears when the power is turned off; the shell is connected to the connecting pipe through a threaded connection device, and when the suspension cylinder compresses and extends, it conducts the magnetorheological fluid together with the accumulator. The fluid flows back and forth, while the connecting tube receives the magnetorheological fluid through the flow magnetorheological control unit. The magnetorheological fluid flows through the channels in the electromagnet. When an applied current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby It affects the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the damping of the suspension system; by increasing and decreasing the applied current, the intensity of the electromagnetic field is increased and decreased, and the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system.

It should be noted that the magnetorheological fluid is composed of base oil and magnetically suspended particles. The base fluid, usually an oil, acts to suspend the micro- or nano-scale magnetic particles. When a magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field, its properties change. When the magnetic particles within this fluid align with the magnetic field, the fluid "solidifies" and its viscosity increases with the strength of the magnetic field.

Further scheme: a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors are installed on the vehicle; the central controller collects vehicle operation information and collects the vehicle operation information collected by the sensors, analyzes and calculates, and then outputs a current of predetermined strength to the magnetorheological control unit to control the operation of the vehicle. the magnitude of the magnetic field.

The invention also discloses a control method for an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension with controllable damping. The control method is as follows:

A wrap-around magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and the three are connected by connecting pipes; the wrap-around magnetorheological control unit is composed of an electromagnet, and the inside of the electromagnet is a hollow channel, which is connected to After the pipe passes through the channel, its two ends are respectively connected to the suspension cylinder and the accumulator. There is a flow of magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe. After the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated. When the cylinder is compressed and extended, the magnetorheological fluid is repeatedly conducted in the connecting pipe together with the accumulator; when an external current is applied, the magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe is "solidified" by the electromagnetic field, thereby affecting the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid. And the size of the system composite damping; by increasing and decreasing the applied current, thereby increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system.

It should be noted that the magnetorheological fluid is composed of base oil and magnetically suspended particles. The base fluid, usually an oil, acts to suspend the micro- or nano-scale magnetic particles. When a magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field, its properties change. When the magnetic particles within this fluid align with the magnetic field, the fluid "solidifies" and its viscosity increases with the strength of the magnetic field.

Further scheme: a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors are installed on the vehicle; the central controller collects vehicle operation information and collects the vehicle operation information collected by the sensors, analyzes and calculates, and then outputs a current of predetermined strength to the magnetorheological control unit to control the operation of the vehicle. the magnitude of the magnetic field.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

The invention can effectively improve the environmental adaptability, comfort and system reliability of the vehicle, improve the operation efficiency of the vehicle, and at the same time, can reduce the difficulty of design and manufacturing process and reduce the cost. This invention has many advantages over existing solutions, especially those systems that already use accumulators. Specifically: first, a magnetorheological control unit is designed on the connection pipeline of the existing dump truck suspension system to realize variable damping control of the suspension system and improve the environmental adaptability and comfort of the vehicle; second, the system is still used The traditional oil cylinder avoids the complicated design of the magnetorheological oil cylinder, which effectively reduces the cost and improves the reliability of the system. Third, the design of the external magnetorheological control unit is no longer limited by the size of the suspension cylinder, with potential versatility increasing as the constraints are removed. Fourth, improving the suspension performance will improve the ride experience of the product and increase productivity, because there is no need to reduce the speed under bumpy road conditions, and by maintaining a stable driving speed, the fuel efficiency will be improved.

Description of drawings

The accompanying drawings, as a part of the present invention, are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative effort.

In the attached image:

Fig. 1 is the suspension system of the single axle that adopts the flow magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the detailed structure of the flow magnetorheological control unit of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a single-axle suspension system using a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the detailed structure of the wrap-around magnetorheological control unit of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the suspension system of the two-axle interconnection using the flow magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the suspension system of the two-axle interconnection using a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention;

7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention and an intelligent control center;

FIG. 8 is a specific case 1 of the controllable damping intelligent suspension system according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a specific case 2 of the controllable damping intelligent suspension system according to the present invention.

Reference signs: 1. Suspension cylinder; 2. Connecting pipe; 3. Flow magnetorheological control unit; 4. Surrounding magnetorheological control unit; 5. Energy storage; 6. Screw connection device; 7. Intelligent control center 3a, electromagnet; 3b, channel; 3c, electromagnetic field; 4a, electromagnet; 4b, electromagnetic field.

It should be noted that these drawings and written descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention , but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

It should be noted here that magnetorheological fluids consist of a base oil and magnetically suspended particles. The base fluid, usually an oil, acts to suspend the micro- or nano-scale magnetic particles. When a magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a magnetic field, its properties change. When the magnetic particles within this fluid align with the magnetic field, the fluid "solidifies" and its viscosity increases with the strength of the magnetic field.

Fig. 1 shows the suspension system of a single axle using a flow magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention, including a suspension oil cylinder 1, a connecting pipe 2, a flow magnetorheological control unit 3, an accumulator 5, and a threaded connection device 6.

Figure 2 shows the structure diagram of the flow magnetorheological control unit 3. The flow magnetorheological control unit 3 is composed of an electromagnet 3a and a channel 3b, the outside is a closed shell, and the inside of the channel 3b is a magnetorheological fluid channel. After the electromagnet 3a is energized, a magnetic field 3c is generated, and when the power is turned off, the magnetic field 3c disappears.

1 and 2, the flow magnetorheological control unit 3 is directly connected to the connecting pipe 2 through the threaded connection device 6. When the suspension cylinder 1 is compressed and extended, the magnetorheological fluid flows back and forth together with the accumulator 5. , and the connecting pipe 2 receives the magnetorheological fluid through the flow magnetorheological control unit 3 . The magnetorheological fluid flows through the channel 3b in the electromagnet 3a, and when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field 3c causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the damping of the suspension system. By increasing and decreasing the applied current, thereby increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field 3c, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system.

FIG. 3 shows the single-axle suspension system using a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention, including a suspension oil cylinder 1 , a connecting pipe 2 , a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit 4 , and an accumulator 5 .

FIG. 4 shows the structure diagram of the wrap-around magnetorheological control unit 4. The wrap-around magnetorheological control unit 4 is composed of an electromagnet 4a, the interior is a hollow channel, the connecting tube 2 passes through the channel, and the interior of the connecting tube 2 is Flowing magnetorheological fluid. After the electromagnet 4a is energized, a magnetic field 4b is generated, the magnetic field 4b passes through the connecting tube 2, and the magnetic field 4b disappears when the power is turned off.

Continuing to refer to FIGS. 3 and 4 , the surrounding magnetorheological control unit 4 is installed around the connecting pipe 2 . When the suspension cylinder 1 is compressed and extended, the magnetorheological fluid is repeatedly conducted in the connecting pipe 2 together with the accumulator 5 . The wrap-around magnetorheological control unit 4 contains an electromagnet 4a. When an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field 4b causes the magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe 2 to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the effect of the system's synthetic damping. size. By increasing and decreasing the applied current, thereby increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field 4b, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system.

Figure 5 shows the dual-axle interconnected suspension system using the flow magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention, which has two suspension cylinders 1, two flow magnetorheological control units 3, and one accumulator 5. The connecting pipe 2 connects the above components to form a biaxial interconnection form.

FIG. 6 shows the dual-axle interconnected suspension system using a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit according to the present invention, which has two suspension cylinders 1, two wrap-around magnetorheological control units 4, and one energy storage unit. 5. Connect the above components through the connecting pipe 2 to form a biaxial interconnection form.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the magnetorheological control unit and the intelligent control center according to the present invention. The flow magnetorheological control unit 3 or the wrap-around magnetorheological control unit 4 is controlled by the intelligent control center 7 . The intelligent control center 7 consists of a central controller and sensors installed on the vehicle to collect vehicle operation information such as acceleration, speed, inclination, and load. The central controller collects the vehicle operation information collected from various sensors of the vehicle, performs analysis and calculation, and then outputs a current of a certain strength to the flow magnetorheological control unit 3 or the surrounding magnetorheological control unit 4 to control the electromagnetic field 3c or the electromagnetic field 4b. size.

Fig. 8 is a single axle case of the controllable damping intelligent suspension system according to the present invention: the external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system of the left single axle consists of the axle, the external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system of the right single axle composition, in which the external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems of the left and right single axles are independent of each other.

Figure 9 is a case of the dual-axle interconnection of the controllable damping intelligent suspension system according to the present invention: an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system interconnected by the first axle, the second axle, and the left two-axle, and the right two-axle interconnected external It is composed of a magnetorheological intelligent suspension system, in which the external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems of the left and right two-axis interconnected are independent of each other.

To sum up, the present invention can effectively improve the environmental adaptability, comfort and system reliability of the vehicle, improve the operation efficiency of the vehicle, and at the same time, can reduce the difficulty of design and manufacturing process and reduce the cost. This invention has many advantages over existing solutions, especially those systems that already use accumulators. Specifically: first, a magnetorheological control unit is designed on the connection pipeline of the existing dump truck suspension system to realize variable damping control of the suspension system and improve the environmental adaptability and comfort of the vehicle; second, the system is still used The traditional oil cylinder avoids the complicated design of the magnetorheological oil cylinder, which effectively reduces the cost and improves the reliability of the system. Third, the design of the external magnetorheological control unit is no longer limited by the size of the suspension cylinder, with potential versatility increasing as the constraints are removed. Fourth, improving the suspension performance will improve the ride experience of the product and increase productivity, because there is no need to reduce the speed under bumpy road conditions, and by maintaining a stable driving speed, the fuel efficiency will be improved.

In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It will be understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Furthermore, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that although some of the embodiments described herein include certain features contained in other embodiments and not others, that combinations of features of different embodiments are also intended to be within the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection and form different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use in a combined manner according to the known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by the present application.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, personnel can make some changes or modifications to equivalent examples of equivalent changes by using the above-mentioned technical content, but any content that does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, according to the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments in the technical essence still fall within the scope of the solution of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping is characterized in that: Including suspension cylinder, connecting pipe, magnetorheological control unit and accumulator; The magnetorheological control unit is located between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and the three are connected by a connecting pipe; A magnetorheological fluid is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator; When the suspension cylinder is compressed and extended, it conducts the magnetorheological fluid to flow back and forth together with the accumulator, and when an external current is applied to the magnetorheological control unit, the electromagnetic field in the magnetorheological control unit promotes the occurrence of the magnetorheological fluid. "Solidification", thereby affecting the flow speed of the magnetorheological fluid and the magnitude of the damping of the suspension system; By increasing and decreasing the applied current, and thus increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system. 2. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The magnetorheological control unit is a flow magnetorheological control unit; The flow magnetorheological control unit includes a closed casing, an electromagnet and a channel located in the casing, and the channel is a magnetorheological fluid channel; After the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated, and the magnetic field disappears after the power is turned off; The casing is connected to the connecting pipe through the threaded connection device, when the suspension oil cylinder is compressed and extended, it conducts the back and forth flow of the magnetorheological fluid together with the accumulator, and the connecting pipe receives the magnetorheological fluid through the flow magnetorheological control unit; The magnetorheological fluid flows through the channels in the electromagnet, and when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid and the magnitude of the damping of the suspension system. 3. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system of controllable damping according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The magnetorheological control unit is a wrap-around magnetorheological control unit; The surrounding magnetorheological control unit is composed of an electromagnet, and the inside of the electromagnet is a hollow channel; After the connecting pipe passes through the passage, its two ends are respectively connected with the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and there is a flowing magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe; After the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated, the magnetic field passes through the connecting pipe, and the magnetic field disappears after the power is turned off; When the suspension cylinder is compressed and extended, the magnetorheological fluid is repeatedly conducted in the connecting pipe together with the accumulator; when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe to "solidify", thereby affecting the magnetic rheological fluid. The flow velocity and the magnitude of the resultant damping of the system. 4. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Also includes an intelligent control center; The intelligent control center includes a central controller and a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors; The input ends of the central controller are respectively electrically connected with a plurality of vehicle operation information collection sensors, and the output ends of the central controller are electrically connected with the magnetorheological control unit; The central controller collects the vehicle operation information collected by the vehicle operation information and collects the vehicle operation information collected by the sensor, performs analysis and calculation, and then outputs a current of predetermined intensity to the magnetorheological control unit to control the size of the magnetic field. 5. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The quantity of the suspension oil cylinder is one, the quantity of the magnetorheological control unit is one, and the quantity of the accumulator is one; A magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension cylinder and the accumulator, and the suspension cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator are connected by connecting pipes to form an external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system for a single axle . 6. A vehicle comprising an axle, characterized in that: Also include two sets of the controllable damping external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems of claim 5; Two sets of external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping are independently arranged on both sides of the axle. 7. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension system with controllable damping according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The quantity of the suspension oil cylinder is two, the quantity of the magnetorheological control unit is two, and the quantity of the accumulator is one; There is a magnetorheological control unit between the two suspension oil cylinders and the accumulator, and the suspension oil cylinder, the magnetorheological control unit and the accumulator are connected by a connecting pipe, so as to form a two-axis interconnected external magnetic flow Change the intelligent suspension system. 8. A vehicle comprising two axles, characterized in that: Also include two sets of the controllable damping external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems of claim 5; Two sets of external magnetorheological intelligent suspension systems with controllable damping are independently spanned on both sides of the two axles. 9. An external magnetorheological intelligent suspension control method with controllable damping, characterized in that: A flow magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and the three are connected by a connecting pipe; The outside of the flow magnetorheological control unit is a closed shell, and the shell is provided with an electromagnet and a channel, and the channel is a magnetorheological fluid channel. The shell is connected to the connecting pipe through the threaded connection device. When the suspension cylinder is compressed and extended, it conducts the back and forth flow of the magnetorheological fluid together with the accumulator, and the connecting pipe receives the magnetorheological fluid through the flow magnetorheological control unit, and the magnetorheological fluid is The fluid flows through the channel in the electromagnet, and when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid to "solidify", thereby affecting the flow rate of the magnetorheological fluid and the magnitude of the damping of the suspension system; By increasing and decreasing the applied current, and thus increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system. 10. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension control method with controllable damping according to claim 9, wherein: A number of vehicle operation information collection sensors are installed on the vehicle; the central controller collects the vehicle operation information collected by the vehicle operation information collection sensors, analyzes and calculates, and then outputs a current of predetermined strength to the magnetorheological control unit to control the size of the magnetic field. 11. An external magnetorheological intelligent suspension control method with controllable damping, characterized in that: A wrap-around magnetorheological control unit is arranged between the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator, and the three are connected by a connecting pipe; The wrap-around magnetorheological control unit is composed of an electromagnet. The inside of the electromagnet is a hollow channel. After the connecting pipe passes through the channel, its two ends are respectively connected to the suspension oil cylinder and the accumulator. There is a flowing magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe. After the electromagnet is energized, a magnetic field is generated, the magnetic field passes through the connecting tube, and the magnetic field disappears after the power is turned off; When the suspension cylinder is compressed and extended, the magnetorheological fluid is repeatedly conducted in the connecting pipe together with the accumulator; when an external current is applied, the electromagnetic field causes the magnetorheological fluid in the connecting pipe to "solidify", thereby affecting the magnetic rheological fluid. The flow velocity and the magnitude of the system's synthetic damping; By increasing and decreasing the applied current, and thus increasing and decreasing the strength of the electromagnetic field, the system damping can be adjusted according to the needs of the suspension system. 12. The external magnetorheological intelligent suspension control method with controllable damping according to claim 11, wherein: A number of vehicle operation information collection sensors are installed on the vehicle; the central controller collects the vehicle operation information collected by the vehicle operation information collection sensors, analyzes and calculates, and then outputs a current of predetermined strength to the magnetorheological control unit to control the size of the magnetic field.

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