CN114938788A - Overwintering culture and fattening method for paphia textzle gmelin parent high-level pond - Google Patents
Overwintering culture and fattening method for paphia textzle gmelin parent high-level pond Download PDFInfo
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- CN114938788A CN114938788A CN202210563514.2A CN202210563514A CN114938788A CN 114938788 A CN114938788 A CN 114938788A CN 202210563514 A CN202210563514 A CN 202210563514A CN 114938788 A CN114938788 A CN 114938788A
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- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 241000199919 Phaeophyceae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001363 water suppression through gradient tailored excitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical group CC1(C)OC(=O)N(C(N)=O)C1=O QCVGEOXPDFCNHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000722941 Achillea Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high pond culture of paphia textzle gmelin parents and discloses a method for overwintering culture and fattening of the paphia textzle gmelin parents in a high pond, which comprises S1, preparation of a water storage pond; s2, preparing an aquaculture pond; s3, preparing a bait pond; s4, pretreatment of the pond; s5, trial culture and culture putting of parents; s6, cultivation management; s7, fattening management; s8, harvesting; the invention provides a new approach for overtaking and promoting the fattening of the paphia textzle gmelin high-level pond, has scientific management means and reasonable design, has the advantages of high-efficiency cultivation, practical advantages of solving and optimizing parent cultivation approaches, shortens the cultivation period of the paphia textzle gmelin, reduces the cultivation risk of the paphia textzle gmelin, and is suitable for cultivation and fattening of the paphia textzle gmelin parents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-level pond culture of paphia textzle parents, in particular to a overwintering culture and fattening method for the high-level pond of the paphia textzle parents.
Background
Paphia textilex (Paphia textilee), commonly known as "Huajiawang", belongs to the phylum mollusca, class bivalvia, family veneridae, genus Achillea, and is mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan coastal areas of China. The paphia textzle gmelin is suitable for being cultivated in sea areas with sediment substrates, the market demand of the paphia textzle gmelin is continuously increased, the cultivation mode is simple, the investment is not large, the risk is small, the benefit is large, and therefore the number of paphia textzle gmelin farmers in coastal areas of northern gulf is gradually increased. However, under the influence of cold air in winter, the indoor seedlings are cultivated in the middle of the sea area for a longer time, and the survival rate is lower; meanwhile, the original autumn fingerlings are put into the sea area for cultivation in time before 11 months, the commercial shellfish can be harvested at the end of the next year, the cultivation individual cultivation period of the fingerlings thrown in the spring of the next year is prolonged by 4-5 months, and the cultivation risk of the paphia textilis is increased due to the prolonged cultivation period.
The maturing season of the paphia textzle gmelin in northern gulf of China is only from the middle and last 9 months to the next 2 months of each year, and the breeding season of the paphia textzle gmelin in southern gulf of China is from 4 months to 6 months of each year and from the middle and last 9 months to the next 2 months of each year. The breeding period of the indoor seedlings is 25-40 days under the influence of the temperature of the breeding water, and the middle breeding period of the sea area is 50-100 days. Therefore, according to the gonad development and the fry breeding period of the paphia textzle gmelin in the natural environment, if the influence of cold air in the current year is small, farmers can put the intermediate breeding fries into the sea area for breeding at the fastest speed for 12 months, but due to the low gonad maturity and individual difference of the paphia textzle gmelin, the number of the fries which can be put into the sea area in 12 months is also very limited, the breeding period of the paphia textzle gmelin is seriously influenced, and the breeding risk of the paphia textzle gmelin is improved.
Therefore, the method for breeding and fattening paphia textzle gmelin parents in the high pond over summer is provided, gonad fattening is carried out on the paphia textzle gmelin in advance, the breeding parents are stably supplied, indoor seedlings of the paphia textzle gmelin are supplied in advance, and the method is very helpful for shortening the breeding period of the paphia textzle gmelin and reducing the breeding risk of the paphia textzle gmelin.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for overtaking and fattening the paphia textzle gmelin parents in the high pond, and provides a new way for overtaking and fattening the paphia textzle gmelin parents in the high pond.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for overwintering cultivation and fattening of paphia textzle gmelin parent high pond comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a water storage pond:
selecting a high-position soil pond which is free of oil stains, far away from domestic sewage, excellent in water retention effect and more than 3m in depth as a water storage pond, laying a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, cleaning the bottom of the pond without laying sand, installing a water storage pump at a water inlet of the water storage pond, arranging a water inlet of the water storage pump at the lower part of an intertidal zone outside a sea wall or a zone below the tide zone, embedding a water pipe with the diameter of not less than 160mm in the water inlet, drilling holes in the water pipe, wherein the aperture of not less than 3mm is bound with a 40-mesh bolting-silk net, supporting a wood structure support at the top of the water storage pond, wherein the height of the support is more than 1m, fixing a sun-shading net on the support, the sun-shading degree of the sun-shading net is more than 80%, and inserting a water pipe with the depth of more than 2.8m into a water outlet of the water storage pond for surface layer drainage during rainstorm;
s2, preparing an aquaculture pond:
selecting an earth pond which is positioned beside a water storage pond and has the depth of more than 2m and a pot bottom shape at the bottom as an aquaculture pond, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shape at the bottom is 12% +/-3%, then paving a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, paving bottom sand at the bottom of the pond, and the thickness of the paved bottom sand is 4cm +/-1.5 cm, connecting the water storage pond and the aquaculture pond by using an aquaculture water pump, sleeving a 160-mesh nylon mesh bag with a water outlet of the aquaculture water pump, which is not shorter than 5m long, on the water outlet of the aquaculture pond, supporting a wood structure bracket with the length of more than 1m at the top of the aquaculture pond, fixing a sun-shading net on the bracket, wherein the sun-shading degree of the sun-shading net is 60%, and inserting a water pipe with the diameter of more than 1.8m into a pond water outlet for water drainage;
s3, preparation of a bait pond:
selecting more than 2-3 soil ponds with excellent water retention effect, clean pond bottoms, pot bottom shapes and depths of more than 1.5m as bait ponds, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shaped pond bottoms is 12 +/-3%, the pond bottoms are clean and free of sand, water for each bait pond is taken from the water storage ponds by using a water pump, the water outlets of the water pumps are filtered by 120-mesh net bags, the water pumps are installed in the bait ponds, the water outlets of the water pumps are connected into the culture ponds and bound with 120-mesh nylon bags with the lengths of not less than 5m, a water drainage pump is arranged at a water outlet of the bait ponds, aged bait is periodically drained, and the bait ponds are cleaned;
s4, pretreatment of the pond:
cleaning a water storage pond and a culture pond by using a high-pressure water gun, scattering bleaching powder in the water storage pond and a bait pond for sterilizing the whole pond before water collection, scattering quicklime in the culture pond, and applying 25kg of quicklime to 0.5m of inlet water per mu; after the culture pond is disinfected for 2 days, the sand bottom is turned over and washed by using a high-pressure water gun, the water storage pond is not applied with bait culture solution, culture water is deposited and disinfected after water is received, no Cl < - > residue is detected and then pumped into the culture pond and the bait pond, the water inflow of the culture pond and the bait pond reaches 85% of the depth of the pond, photosynthetic bacteria and the bait culture solution are applied to carry out bait culture after the water inflow of the culture pond and the bait pond, the bait pond is fertilized with water culture algae in turn, and the sufficient fresh bait supply during the culture of the paphia textilis is ensured; after water enters a bait pond, the bait pond is disinfected by bleaching powder and then cultured by unicellular algae and biological floccules, and after water enters all the ponds, an aerator is turned on to aerate and stir the water;
s5, trial culture and culture putting of parents:
when the cell density of algae in the culture pond reaches 0.5 multiplied by 10 3 ～1×10 3 The cultivation method comprises the steps of (1) purchasing wild parents/ml, enabling the pH value to be 6.8-7.5, enabling the dissolved oxygen amount to be larger than 5.0 at 7:30 night, or harvesting high-quality paphia textzle parents with the weight of not less than 10kg from a cultivation sea area to conduct water testing cultivation, after 24 hours of water testing, representing that the parents meet requirements when the parents have no activity weakening and no mass death phenomenon, then purchasing a large amount of wild or harvested high-quality parents and putting the wild or harvested high-quality parents into a cultivation pond for cultivation, and enabling the cultivation density to be 12/m 2 ；
S6, cultivation management:
the bait culture pond is used for alternately culturing algae and biological flocs, and the algae density>10 5 Periodically fertilizing and replenishing water for cel/ml, extracting baits from the bait pond every day and feeding the baits to the culture pond, and ensuring the density of algae in the culture pond to be 10 2 ～ 10 3 cell/ml, observing water color in the morning and at night to judge the ingestion condition of the paphia textzle gmelin, checking the condition that the paphia textzle gmelin climbs out of a sand surface by a culture worker in a daily pond patrol, and judging whether a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the paphia textzle gmelin in a pond can be quickly recovered into the shell, if the double water pipes cannot be completely recovered, fishing out the paphia textzle gmelin in time, pumping water from a reservoir pond to the culture pond every 3 days, wherein the water change amount of the pond is 30-50 percent;
before heavy rain or heavy rain, adding the water level of a water storage pond to a water outlet, closing an aerator, pumping water in time during heavy rain or heavy rain at the time of heavy tide or full tide to adjust the salinity, fixing a cover film on the top of the culture pond, starting the aerator in the culture pond for 24 hours to oxygenate, feeding various algae powder in the whole pond, reducing the feeding amount to 50% of the original feeding amount, feeding for 1 hour, taking the water of the bottom culture pond, observing the content of organic debris, gradually increasing the feeding amount when the residual bait amount is less than 5%, returning to normal feeding, splashing probiotics to the culture pond during algae powder feeding to adjust the water, pumping water from the water storage pond every two days to change the water, and changing the water amount by 30%; because the bait pond is easy to fall algae during heavy rain or rainstorm, after heavy rain or rainstorm, the bait pond is cleaned to receive the water culture algae again;
monitoring 10: 00-16: 00 the water temperature in the aquaculture pond changes, when the monitoring temperature difference is more than 3 ℃ or the water temperature of the aquaculture pond is more than 30 ℃, water is pumped from the water storage pond into the aquaculture pond for adjustment, when the water temperature of the water storage pond is more than 28 ℃, natural seawater in the sea area is directly pumped from the sea area for supplementary adjustment, and a sunshade net with the shading rate of more than 80 percent is covered;
changing water in the whole pond every 15-20 days, draining water in the aquaculture pond, and washing the sand surface by using a small water pump;
s7, fattening management:
and (2) entering a gonad fattening period of paphia textzle gmelin at the beginning of 8 months, reducing the feeding of diatoms in the culture pond, and increasing the feeding of brown algae powder, gulfweed powder, pseudo-microsphere algae powder and kelp powder, wherein the algae powder feeding mainly comprises pseudo-microsphere algae powder accounting for 40% of the algae powder, other algae powder and live diatoms accounting for 60% of the feeding proportion, the daily water change amount is not less than 40%, and the water inlet temperature is less than 28 ℃.
S8, harvesting:
periodically checking the gonad development condition of the paphia textzle gmelin, harvesting when the gonad fullness of the paphia textzle gmelin is 40% -60%, draining water in the culture pond after 18:00, screening and washing or digging the paphia textzle gmelin, washing and conveying the paphia textzle gmelin to a larva culture field for induced spawning and breeding.
Further, in S2, the bottom sand of the pond bottom pavement comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the sand comprises, by mass, not less than 30% of fine sand, not less than 30% of medium sand and not more than 30% of coarse sand, wherein the content of mud is not more than 20%, the fine sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.125-0.25 mm, the medium sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.25-0.5 mm, and the coarse sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.5-1 mm.
Further, in S4 and S6, the aerator increases oxygen for the chassis, prohibits the use of the impeller to increase oxygen, reduces the contact area between the water surface and the high temperature air, and avoids the rapid rise of the water temperature.
Further, in S5, the selected wild or harvested high quality paphia textzle parents have the following signs: the shell of the parent has no crack, the shell type is normal and has no deformity, the shell color is orange, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are stretched and forcefully placed for 10min, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe extend out of the shell, small water flow around the water pipe can be seen, the water surface is slightly shaken, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are rapidly retracted into the shell.
Further, in S6, the pond management conditions are: the salinity of seawater in the water storage pond is 25-33 per mill; continuously oxygenating the culture pond, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 7.7 +/-0.5 mg/L, the pH value is 6.8-7.5, and the water temperature in the culture pond is maintained at 26-30 ℃ all day; checking the activity, oxygen capacity value and pH value of algae cells in the culture pond when the water color is mutated, timely changing water when the activity of the algae cells is poor, the oxygen capacity value and the pH value are suddenly reduced, putting in probiotic preparation, and improving the bottom by using a bacillus subtilis solution.
Further, in S6, the cover film of the aquaculture pond is removed in time after rainstorm, and the paphia textilis is replaced and added with probiotics to adjust water and change bottom in time by paying attention to the phenomenon that the paphia textilis possibly dies in a large amount due to high temperature and high humidity.
Further, in S8, the gonadal fullness of Paphia textzle is not more than 60%, and when the gonadal fullness is more than 60%, the Paphia textzle is easily affected by the change of water temperature difference, and the Paphia textzle ovulata in the culture pond causes the deterioration of culture water quality and the death of culture objects.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that:
1. the process operation flow of the invention is scientific and reasonable, the operation method is simple and easy to understand, the operation is simple and convenient, the culture and the fertilization of the gonads of the paphia textzle gmelin are carried out in advance, the gonad development of the paphia textzle gmelin is advanced by 1-2 months, the risk of low temperature to intermediate culture and breeding is reduced, the actual advantage of income is improved, and the blank of the parent shell fertilization technology of the paphia textzle gmelin is filled;
2. according to the invention, through the use of the shading net, the arrangement of the top cover film of the culture pond, the arrangement of the embedded pipes, the sand-blasting filter wells for water taking and the arrangement of the surface layer drain pipes of the water storage pond during rainstorm greatly reduces the influence of high temperature, rainstorm and other summer multiple climatic factors on the temperature and salinity of the paphia brocade non-clams in the culture process of the pond, and through the combined use of algae powder and live algae in the pond, the supply of bait for culturing the paphia brocade non-clams in the pond is ensured; the probiotics can be used for adjusting the water quality and the substrate in the culture pond;
3. compared with the traditional paphia textzle gmelin collected in the sea area, the gonad development of the paphia textzle gmelin is advanced by 1-2 months, enough time is provided for seed breeding and intermediate cultivation, the rapid growth of the full-artificial breeding and cultivation of the paphia textzle gmelin is guaranteed, and the industrialized development of the paphia textzle gmelin cultivation has a great promotion effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments:
example 1:
a method for over-summer breeding and fattening of a paphia textzle gmelin parent high pond comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of a water storage pond:
selecting a high-level soil pond from white dragon town of northern sea of Guangxi in 6 months of 2020, wherein the high-level soil pond which is free of oil stains, far away from domestic sewage, excellent in water retention effect and 3.5m in depth is a water storage pond, laying a mulching film in the pond, a water intake of the water storage pond is positioned at the lower part of an intertidal zone or a sub-tidal zone outside a sea wall, the salinity of a water intake zone is stable, the salinity of seawater in the water storage pond can be maintained to be 25-33 per thousand, and a water inlet is buried and buried in the water inlet
The water pipe is drilled with holes with the aperture of 3mm, a 40-mesh silk net is tied on the pipe, water is pumped into a water storage pond by using a high-power submersible pump, a wood structure support with the length of more than 1m is supported at the top of the pond, a sun-shading net is fixed on the support, the sun-shading degree of the sun-shading net is more than 80%, and a water pipe with the length of 2.8m is inserted into a water outlet of the water storage pond for water drainage;
s2, preparing an aquaculture pond:
selecting 3.3 mu of soil pond with the bottom in a pot shape beside a water storage pond, the depth of the soil pond being 2.2m and the bottom in the pot shape as an aquaculture pond, wherein the inclination of the bottom of the pot shape is 10%, laying a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, laying bottom sand at the bottom of the pond, the thickness of the bottom sand being 4cm, connecting the reservoir with the aquaculture pond by using an aquaculture water pump, sleeving a 160-mesh nylon mesh bag with the length of 5m at a water outlet of the aquaculture water pump entering the aquaculture pond, supporting a wood structure support with the length of 1.25m at the top of the aquaculture pond, fixing a sun-shading net on the support, the shading degree of the sun-shading net being 60%, inserting a pond water outlet and inserting a sun-shading net
The water pipe with the length of 1.8m is used for draining water, wherein bottom sand paved at the bottom of the pond comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the sand comprises fine sand with the mass fraction not less than 30%, medium sand with the mass fraction not less than 30% and coarse sand with the mass fraction not more than 30%, wherein the content of mud is not more than 20%, the fine sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.125-0.25 mm, the medium sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.25-0.5 mm, and the coarse sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.5-1 mm;
s3, preparing a bait pond:
selecting 3 soil ponds with excellent water retention effect, clean pond bottoms, pot bottom shapes and depths larger than 1.5m as bait ponds, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shaped pond bottoms is 10%, paving mulching films at the pond bottoms, and the soil ponds are clean and free of sand, are convenient to clean, and are provided with water gates capable of naturally receiving water during heavy tide, wherein the water gates are nailed with 120-mesh nylon nets and provided with two nylon nets
A bait water pump is arranged at the water inlet, a 120-mesh nylon bag with the length of 5m is sleeved at the water outlet of the bait water pump, and a water drainage pump capable of draining water is arranged at the water outlet of the bait pond;
s4, pretreatment of the pond:
cleaning all ponds of a water storage pond, a culture pond and a bait pond by using a high-pressure water gun, and scattering bleaching powder into the water storage pond and the bait pond before water collection for sterilizing the whole pond;
spreading quicklime in the aquaculture pond, applying 25kg of quicklime to 0.5m of inlet water per mu, sterilizing for 2 days, and turning over and washing the sand bottom by using a high-pressure water gun;
feeding water into the aquaculture pond and the bait pond to reach 85% of the depth of the pond, applying photosynthetic bacteria and a bait culture solution to perform bait culture after the water is fed into the aquaculture pond, performing directional culture on diatom after the bait pond is disinfected by bleaching powder after the water is fed into the bait pond, starting an aerator to aerate after all the ponds are fed with water, aerating the base plate of the aerator, continuously aerating the aquaculture pond, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 7.7 +/-0.5 mg/L, and the pH value is 6.8-7.5;
s5, trial culture and culture putting of parents:
when the cell density of algae in the culture pond reaches 0.78 multiplied by 10 3 The cultivation method comprises the following steps of (1) cel/ml, pH value of 6.8-7.5, dissolved oxygen amount of more than 5.0, purchasing 12kg of wild Paphia textilis at 6 months and 20 days at night in 2020, carrying out water test cultivation, picking up only 4 individuals with cracked shells, 3 individuals with weak water pipe shrinkage and no dead individuals after water test for 24 hours, putting the Paphia textilis adults in the pond in water appropriately after the water test, putting 618kg of the Paphia textilis adults at 6 months and 22 to 24 days later, having the specification of 43/kg, purchasing a large amount of Paphia textilis, putting the Paphia textilis adults in the pond for cultivation, and putting 12.3 cultivation densities into the cultivation pond for cultivation/m 2 ；
S6, cultivation management:
bait is extracted from the bait pond every day and fed to the aquaculture pond, so that the density of algae in the aquaculture pond is guaranteed to be 10 2 The water color is observed in the morning and evening to judge the ingestion condition of the paphia textzle gmelin, a culture worker checks the situation that the paphia textzle gmelin climbs out of a sand surface or dies every day in a pond, and whether a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the paphia textzle gmelin in the pond can be quickly recovered into the shell, if the double water pipes cannot be completely recovered, the paphia textzle gmelin is taken out in time, water is pumped from a reservoir pond to the culture pond every 5 days, and the water change amount of the pond is 30 to 50 percent;
7, continuously carrying out heavy rain or heavy rain in five days in the middle ten days of the month, wherein the daily average rainfall is 80mm, fixing the top of a water storage pond and a culture pond by covering a film in advance, starting an aerator for 24 hours to oxygenate, leading the bait pond to have the phenomenon of algae dumping, feeding algae powder such as chlorella, diatom and brown algae in the whole pond, reducing the feeding amount to 50% of the original feeding amount, detecting water in the bottom culture pond after feeding for 1 hour every day, gradually increasing the feeding amount after 2 days when the residual bait amount sampled by the bottom water is less than 5%, recovering normal feeding after 5 days, sprinkling probiotics to the culture pond for water regulation during the algae powder feeding period, pumping water from the water storage pond every two days for water change, and changing the water amount by 30%; the weather condition is recovered because the bait pond has the phenomenon of algae dumping during heavy rain or rainstorm, and the bait pond is cleaned to receive the water culture algae again; removing the pond cover film after no heavy rain or heavy rain in a short time after rainstorm, changing water in the whole pond, and regulating water and changing bottom by applying a probiotic preparation;
during the culture period, the water temperature in the culture pond is kept at 26-30 ℃ all day. The water temperature monitoring temperature difference of the aquaculture pond is larger than 3 ℃ and the water temperature of the aquaculture pond is larger than 30 ℃ under the influence of high-temperature weather within 7 months, 20 days to 8 months and 10 days, water is pumped from the water storage pond into the aquaculture pond for adjustment, and meanwhile, a sunshade net with the shading rate larger than 80% is covered on the water storage pond for covering and adjusting the water temperature of the water storage pond;
changing water in the whole pond every 15 days, wherein the water changing is carried out after 4 pm, and the sand surface is washed by a small water pump after 7 pm;
s7, fattening management:
and (2) entering a gonad fattening period of paphia textzle gmelin at the beginning of 8 months, reducing the feeding of diatoms in the culture pond, and increasing the feeding of brown algae powder, gulfweed powder, pseudo-microsphere algae powder and kelp powder, wherein the algae powder feeding mainly comprises pseudo-microsphere algae powder accounting for 40% of the algae powder, other algae powder and live diatoms accounting for 60% of the feeding proportion, the daily water change amount is not less than 40%, and the water inlet temperature is less than 28 ℃.
S8, harvesting:
the gonad development condition of the paphia textzle gmelin is inspected in a sampling mode, 20kg of the paphia textzle gmelin is extracted and put into a parent temporary culture pond to stimulate spawning, fertilized eggs are harvested smoothly, the gonad fullness of the paphia textzle gmelin is inspected in a sampling mode to be 40% -60%, water in the culture pond is drained after 18:00, the paphia textzle gmelin is cleaned or dug, the paphia textzle gmelin is conveyed to a larva culture field to be induced to spawn and bred, 800.9kg of paphia textzle gmelin parents are harvested in an accumulated mode, the specification is 27 kg, and the breeding survival rate is 80.09%.
Example 2:
s1, preparation of a water storage pond:
in 6 months 2021, selecting a high-level soil pond in a four-work area of a bamboo forest salt farm in North China, Guangxi, wherein the high-level soil pond which is free of oil stains, far away from domestic sewage, excellent in water retention effect and 4m deep is used as a water storage pond, laying a mulching film in the pond, a water intake of the water storage pond is positioned at the lower part of an intertidal zone or an underwater zone outside a seawall, the salinity of a water intake zone is stable, the sea salinity of the nearby sea zone is more than 28 per thousand throughout the year, and a water inlet is buried and arranged in the water storage pond
The water pipe is drilled with holes with the aperture of 3mm, a 40-mesh silk screen is tied on the pipe, water is pumped into a water storage pond by using a high-power submersible pump, a wood structure support with the height of more than 1m is supported on the top of the pond, a sun-shading net is fixed on the support, the shading degree of the sun-shading net is more than 80%, and a water pipe with the length of 2.8m is inserted into a water outlet of the water storage pond for water drainage;
s2, preparing an aquaculture pond:
selecting 2.8 mu of soil pond with a pot bottom shape at the bottom, the depth of which is 2.5m and beside a water storage pond as an aquaculture pond, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shape of the pond bottom is 15%, paving a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, paving bottom sand at the bottom of the pond, the thickness of the bottom sand is 4cm, and using an aquaculture water pump to pump the bottom sand to the bottom sandThe reservoir is connected with the aquaculture pond, a 160-mesh nylon mesh bag with the length of 5m is sleeved at a water outlet of the aquaculture water pump entering the aquaculture pond, a wood structure support with the length of 1.25m is supported at the top of the aquaculture pond, a sun-shading net is fixed on the support, the shading degree of the sun-shading net is 60 percent, and a pond water outlet is inserted into the sun-shading net
The water pipe with the length of 1.8m is used for draining water, wherein bottom sand paved at the bottom of the pond comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the sand-containing mortar comprises fine sand with the mass fraction not less than 30%, medium sand with the mass fraction not less than 30% and coarse sand with the mass fraction not more than 30%, wherein the content of mud is not more than 20%, the fine sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.125-0.25 mm, the medium sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.25-0.5 mm, and the coarse sand is sand with the average particle size of 0.5-1 mm;
s3, preparation of a bait pond:
selecting 3 soil ponds with excellent water retention effect, clean pond bottoms, pot bottom shape and depth of 2m as bait ponds, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shape pond bottoms is 15%, mulching films are paved on the pond bottoms, the pond bottoms are clean and free of sand, the pond ponds are convenient to clean, water gates capable of naturally receiving water during heavy tide are arranged, and are nailed with 120-mesh nylon nets and provided with two nylon nets
A bait water pump is arranged at the water inlet, a 120-mesh nylon bag with the length of 5m is sleeved at the water outlet of the bait water pump, and a water drainage pump capable of draining water is arranged at the water outlet of the bait pond;
s4, pretreatment of the pond:
cleaning all ponds of a water storage pond, a culture pond and a bait pond by using a high-pressure water gun, and scattering bleaching powder into the water storage pond and the bait pond before water collection for sterilizing the whole pond;
spreading quicklime in the aquaculture pond, applying 25kg of quicklime to 0.5m of inlet water per mu, sterilizing for 2 days, and turning over and washing the sand bottom by using a high-pressure water gun;
feeding water into the aquaculture pond and the bait pond to reach 85% of the depth of the pond, applying photosynthetic bacteria and bait culture solution to perform bait culture after the aquaculture pond feeds water, performing directional culture on diatoms after the bait pond feeds water and is disinfected by bleaching powder, turning on an aerator to perform oxygenation after all ponds feed water, continuously oxygenating the aquaculture pond by using the aerator as a chassis, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 7.7 +/-0.5 mg/L, and the pH value is 6.8-7.5;
s5, trial culture and culture putting of parents:
when the cell density of algae in the culture pond reaches 0.9 multiplied by 10 3 The cultivation method comprises the following steps of (1) cel/ml, pH value of 6.8-7.5, dissolved oxygen amount of more than 5.0, purchasing 10kg of wild Paphia textilis at 6 months and 20 nights in 2021 years for water test cultivation, after water test for 24 hours, picking up 2 individuals with cracked shells, 2 individuals with weak water pipe shrinkage and no death, after the water test cultivation test, putting the Paphia textilis adults in a pond, putting 477kg of the Paphia textilis adults at 6 months and 22-24 nights, and having specification of 46/kg, purchasing a large amount of the Paphia textilis adults in the cultivation pond for cultivation, and putting the Paphia textilis breeding density of 12/m into the cultivation pond for cultivation 2 ；
S6, cultivation management:
bait is extracted from the bait pond every day and fed to the aquaculture pond, so that the density of algae in the aquaculture pond is guaranteed to be 10 2 cell/ml, observing water color in the morning and at night to judge the ingestion condition of the paphia textzle gmelin, checking the condition that the paphia textzle gmelin climbs out of a sand surface or dies by a culture worker in a daily pond patrol, and judging whether a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the paphia textzle gmelin in the pond can be quickly recovered into the shell, if the double water pipes cannot be completely recovered, fishing out in time, pumping water from a reservoir pond to the culture pond every 5 days, wherein the water change amount of the pond is 30-50 percent;
in the last ten days of 7 months, rainfall is continuously carried out for ten days under the influence of typhoon, the water level of a water storage pond is added to a water outlet in advance, the top parts of the water storage pond and an aquaculture pond are covered with a film, an aerator is started up for 24 hours to oxygenate, fresh algae are in short supply, algae powder such as chlorella, diatom and brown algae is fed, the feeding amount is reduced to 50% of the original feeding amount, after 1 hour of feeding is carried out every day, water in the bottom layer aquaculture pond is taken for detection, after 4 days, the residual bait amount sampled by the bottom layer water is less than 5%, the feeding amount is gradually increased, normal feeding is resumed after 7 days, the aquaculture pond is splashed with probiotics during the feeding of the algae powder for water regulation, water is pumped from the water storage pond every two days for water change, and the water change amount is 30%; the method comprises the following steps of (1) cleaning a bait pond to receive water culture algae again because the bait pond has an algae dumping phenomenon in the heavy rain or rainstorm period and the weather condition is recovered; removing the pond cover film after no heavy rain or heavy rain in a short time after rainstorm, changing water in the whole pond, and regulating water and changing bottom by applying a probiotic preparation;
in the last 8 th month, under the influence of high-temperature weather, covering a sunshade net with shading rate more than 80% on the water storage pond to cover and regulate the water temperature of the water storage pond, monitoring the early and late morning temperature difference of the aquaculture pond to be more than 3 ℃, and pumping water from the water storage pond into the aquaculture pond to be regulated;
changing water in the whole pond every 15 days, wherein the water changing is carried out after 4 pm, and the sand surface is washed by a small water pump after 7 pm;
s7, fattening management:
and (2) entering a gonad fattening period of paphia textzle gmelin at the beginning of 8 months, reducing the feeding of diatoms in the culture pond, increasing the feeding of brown algae powder, gulfweed powder, pseudo-microsphere algae powder and kelp powder, wherein the algae powder is mainly composed of egg white core chlorella powder and pseudo-microsphere algae powder which account for 40% of algae powder, other algae powder and live diatoms account for 60% of feeding proportion, daily water exchange amount is not less than 40%, and water inlet temperature is less than 28 ℃.
S8, harvesting:
the gonad development condition of the paphia textzle gmelin is checked in a sampling mode, 40kg of paphia textzle gmelin is extracted and put into a temporary parent culture pond to stimulate spawning, fertilized eggs are harvested smoothly, water in the culture pond is drained after 18:00 according to the using condition of the parents, the paphia textzle gmelin is harvested, cleaned and conveyed to a larva culture field to be induced to spawn and bred, 674.64kg of paphia textzle gmelin parents are harvested in an accumulated mode, the harvesting specification is 28/kg, and the culture survival rate is 85.25%.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and the common general knowledge of the technical solutions or characteristics known in the solutions is not described herein too much. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for overwintering cultivation and fattening of a paphia textzle parent high pond is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation of a water storage pond:
selecting a high-level soil pond which is free of oil stains, far away from domestic sewage, excellent in water retention effect, more than 3m in depth and more than 1.2 times of the aquaculture pond in bottom area, paving a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, and completely paving no sand at the bottom of the pond, installing a water storage pump at a water inlet of the water storage pond, wherein the water inlet of the water storage pump is positioned at the lower part of an intertidal zone or a zone below the tide outside a sea wall, a water pipe with the diameter of not less than 160mm is embedded at the water inlet, holes are drilled on the water pipe, the hole diameter of not less than 3mm is bound with a 40-mesh silk net, a wood structure support with the top of more than 1m is supported at the top of the water storage pond, a sun-shading net is fixed on the support, the sun-shading degree of the sun-shading net is more than 80%, and a water pipe with the depth of more than 2.8m is inserted into a water outlet of the water storage pond for drainage;
s2, preparation of a culture pond:
selecting an earth pond which is positioned beside a water storage pond and has the depth of more than 2m and a pot bottom shape at the bottom as an aquaculture pond, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom shape at the bottom is 12% +/-3%, then paving a mulching film on the aquaculture pond, paving bottom sand at the bottom of the pond, and the thickness of the paved bottom sand is 4cm +/-1.5 cm, connecting the water storage pond and the aquaculture pond by using an aquaculture water pump, sleeving a 160-mesh nylon mesh bag with a water outlet of the aquaculture water pump, which is not shorter than 5m long, on the water outlet of the aquaculture pond, supporting a wood structure bracket with the length of more than 1m at the top of the aquaculture pond, fixing a sun-shading net on the bracket, wherein the sun-shading degree of the sun-shading net is 60%, and inserting a water pipe with the diameter of more than 1.8m into a pond water outlet for water drainage;
s3, preparing a bait pond:
selecting more than 2-3 soil ponds with excellent water retention effect, clean pond bottoms, pot bottom-shaped pond bottoms and depth of more than 1.5m as bait ponds, wherein the inclination of the pot bottom-shaped pond bottoms is 12 +/-3%, the pond bottoms are clean and free of sand, water in each bait pond is taken out from the water storage pond by using a water pump, the water outlet of the water pump is filtered by a 120-mesh net bag, a water pump is installed in each bait pond, the water outlet of the water pump is connected into a culture pond and is bound with a 120-mesh nylon bag with the length of not less than 5m, a water drainage pump is arranged at the water outlet of each bait pond, aged baits are regularly drained, and the bait ponds are cleaned;
s4, pretreatment of the pond:
cleaning a water storage pond and an aquaculture pond by using a high-pressure water gun, scattering bleaching powder into the water storage pond and a bait pond before water receiving for sterilizing the whole pond, scattering quicklime into the aquaculture pond, and applying 25kg of quicklime to each mu of water with the inlet of 0.5 m; cleaning sand bottom with high pressure water gun after sterilizing the culture pond for 2 days, collecting water, precipitating, sterilizing, and detecting no Cl - Pumping into the aquaculture pond and the bait pond after the residue is remained, wherein the water inflow of the aquaculture pond and the bait pond reaches 85% of the depth of the pond, after the water inflow of the aquaculture pond and the bait pond, photosynthetic bacteria and bait culture solution are applied for bait culture, and the bait pond alternately and directionally cultures algae;
s5, trial culture and cultivation of parents:
when the cell density of algae in the culture pond reaches 0.5 multiplied by 10 3 ～1×10 3 The cultivation method comprises the steps of obtaining cel/ml, enabling the pH value to be 6.8-7.5, enabling the dissolved oxygen to be more than 5.0, purchasing wild parents or collecting high-quality paphia textilis parents with the weight not less than 10kg from a cultivation sea area at 7:30 night for water testing cultivation, after water testing is carried out for 24 hours, indicating that the parents meet requirements when the parents have no activity weakening and no mass death phenomenon, purchasing a large amount of wild or collected high-quality parents, putting the wild or collected high-quality parents into a cultivation pond for cultivation, and enabling the cultivation density to be 12/m 2 ；
S6, cultivation management:
bait is extracted from the bait pond every day and fed to the aquaculture pond, so that the density of algae in the aquaculture pond is guaranteed to be 10 2 ～10 3 The feeding condition of the paphia textzle gmelin is judged by observing the water color in the morning and evening, a culture worker patrols the pond every day to check the condition that the paphia textzle gmelin climbs out of a sand surface, and whether a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the paphia textzle gmelin in the pond can be quickly recovered into the shell, if the double water pipes cannot be completely recovered, the paphia textzle gmelin is timely fished out, water is pumped from the reservoir pond to the culture pond every 3 days, and the water change amount of the pond is 30-50 percent;
before heavy rain or heavy rain, adding the water level of a water storage pond to a water outlet, closing an aerator, pumping water in time during heavy rain or heavy rain at the time of heavy tide or full tide to adjust the salinity, fixing a cover film at the top of the culture pond, starting the aerator in the culture pond for 24h to oxygenate, feeding algae powder such as chlorella, diatom and the like into the whole pond, reducing the feeding amount and water change amount, adjusting water and changing the bottom, and cleaning the bait pond to receive the water culture algae again after heavy rain or heavy rain because the bait pond is easy to fall the algae during heavy rain or heavy rain;
monitoring 10: 00-16: 00 the water temperature in the aquaculture pond changes, and when the monitoring temperature difference is more than 3 ℃ or the water temperature in the aquaculture pond is more than 30 ℃, temperature control and regulation management is carried out;
changing water in the whole pond every 15-20 days, draining water in the aquaculture pond after 18:00, and washing the sand surface by using a small water pump;
s7, fattening management:
and (3) entering a gonad fattening period of paphia textzle gmelin at the beginning of 8 months, reducing the feeding of diatoms in the culture pond, and increasing the feeding of brown algae powder, gulfweed powder, pseudo-microsphere algae powder and kelp powder, wherein the algae powder is mainly fed by the pseudo-microsphere algae powder which accounts for 40% of the algae powder, other algae powder and live diatoms account for 60% of the feeding proportion, the daily water change amount is not less than 40%, and the water inlet temperature is less than 28 ℃.
S8, harvesting:
periodically checking the gonad development condition of the paphia textzle gmelin, harvesting when the gonad fullness of the paphia textzle gmelin is 40% -60%, draining water in the culture pond after 18:00, screening and washing or digging the paphia textzle gmelin, washing and conveying the paphia textzle gmelin to a larva culture field for induced spawning and breeding.
2. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S2, the bottom sand laid by the pond bottom comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the sand comprises, by mass, not less than 30% of fine sand, not less than 30% of medium sand and not more than 30% of coarse sand, wherein the content of mud is not more than 20%, the fine sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.125-0.25 mm, the medium sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.25-0.5 mm, and the coarse sand is sand with an average particle size of 0.5-1 mm.
3. The overwintering cultivation and fattening method for the paphia textzle gmelin parent high pond according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in S4 and S6, the oxygen increasing machine increases the oxygen for the chassis, forbids the use of the impeller to increase the oxygen, reduces the contact area between the water surface and the high-temperature air, and avoids the rapid rise of the water temperature.
4. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S5, the selected wild or harvested high quality paphia textzle parents have the following signs: the shell of the parent has no crack, the shell type is normal and has no deformity, the shell color is orange, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are stretched and forcefully placed for 10min, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe extend out of the shell, small water flow around the water pipe can be seen, the water surface is slightly shaken, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are rapidly retracted into the shell.
5. The overwintering cultivation and fattening method for the paphia textzle gmelin parent high pond according to the claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, the pond management conditions are: the salinity of seawater in the water storage pond is 25-33 per mill; continuously oxygenating the culture pond, wherein the dissolved oxygen is 7.7 +/-0.5 mg/L, the pH value is 6.8-7.5, and the water temperature in the culture pond is maintained at 26-30 ℃ all day; checking the activity, oxygen capacity value and pH value of algae cells in the culture pond when the water color is mutated, timely changing water when the activity of the algae cells is poor, the oxygen capacity value and the pH value are suddenly reduced, putting a probiotic preparation, and adjusting water by using a bacillus subtilis solution to improve the bottom.
6. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, the feeding amount is reduced to 50% of the original feeding amount during heavy rain or heavy rain, after 1h of feeding, the water in the bottom culture pond is taken, the organic debris content is observed, the feeding amount is gradually increased when the residual bait amount is less than 5%, the normal feeding is recovered, the culture pond is sprayed with probiotics during algae powder feeding, water is adjusted, water is pumped from the water storage pond every two days for water change, and the water change amount is 30%.
7. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S6, pumping water from the water storage pond into the culture pond for adjustment, when the water temperature of the water storage pond is higher than 28 ℃, directly pumping natural seawater from the sea area for supplementary adjustment, and covering with a sunshade net with the shading rate of more than 80% for shading.
8. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S6, the cover film of the aquaculture pond is removed in time after rainstorm, the phenomenon that the paphia textzle gmelin possibly dies in large amount caused by high temperature and high humidity is noticed, and water is changed in time and probiotics are added to adjust water and change the bottom.
9. The overwintering culture and fattening method for the paphia textzle parent high pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: in S8, the gonad fullness of Paphia textilis is not more than 60%, and when the gonad fullness is more than 60%, the Paphia textilis is easily affected by the change of water temperature difference, and ovulation occurs in the culture pond, which causes the deterioration of culture water quality and death of culture objects.
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