CN114899600B - Compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit - Google Patents
Compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN114899600B CN114899600B CN202210397065.9A CN202210397065A CN114899600B CN 114899600 B CN114899600 B CN 114899600B CN 202210397065 A CN202210397065 A CN 202210397065A CN 114899600 B CN114899600 B CN 114899600B
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/525—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between emitting and receiving antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compact receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit, which comprises two pairs of integrated balun dipoles serving as receiving antennas, wherein 0-degree polarization and 90-degree polarization are realized; as cross dipoles of the transmitting antennas, a ±45° polarization is achieved. A first isolation element vertical to the medium bottom plate is arranged between the receiving and transmitting antennas to isolate space waves, so that high receiving and transmitting antenna isolation is realized in very close frequency bands; and then, a second isolation element arranged above the antenna unit is used, and the neutral wave reflected by the polarized deflection structure and the original coupled wave directly reaching the outer antenna are mutually offset, so that the space wave coupling between the inner antenna and the outer antenna is reduced, and the isolation degree of the receiving and transmitting antenna is further improved. The antenna unit can be used as a base station antenna, the receiving and transmitting frequency bands are all between 1.7 and 2.2GHz, and the limitation that the inner and outer nested antenna frequency bands need more than twice of the interval is broken through.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit.
Background
Base station antennas are an important part of a wireless mobile communication system and play a key role in converting electromagnetic waves propagating in free space into currents in base station circuitry. The design work of the base station antenna is focused on miniaturization, broadband, dual-band, intelligent antenna and the like. Due to the rapid growth of subscriber groups and the increasing importance of communication quality, communication operators are eagerly required to expand communication systems, which require increasing capacity and base station antennas. In order to optimize the resource utilization efficiency of the base station antenna, a 5G/4G/3G system is built on the basis of the existing 4G/3G/2G system, so that a plurality of systems can cover the same service area at the same time. Therefore, the research of the small-volume dual-frequency dual-polarized base station antenna has important theoretical and practical values. Dual polarized antennas have received wide attention in modern wireless communication systems due to their ability to increase channel capacity and reduce signal fading in multipath environments. To realize the common aperture antenna units with dual polarization characteristics, the transmitting antenna units are nested in the receiving antenna units, and the dual-frequency and dual-polarization characteristics are realized by the common aperture receiving and transmitting antenna units. But how to design a base station antenna with wide frequency band coverage, stable beam width, high gain and enhanced XPD has important significance and challenges.
However, when the operating bands are close to each other, mutual coupling between the antennas becomes apparent; when the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are integrated, mutual coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna affects impedance matching, radiation patterns and polarization characteristics of the unit antenna. Particularly, when the receiving and transmitting antennas are coaxial with each other in common caliber, the basic performance of the antennas is realized in a compact size, meanwhile, the space coupling between the antennas is reduced, and the improvement of the port isolation between the receiving and transmitting antennas has important significance for the research of the dual-polarized base station antennas.
Current research is focused mainly on high and low frequency nested elements. The frequency bands are far apart, so that good isolation can be obtained. When the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are integrated, the receiving and transmitting common-caliber antenna with very close frequency band and high isolation is rarely reported. The selection of the receiving and transmitting common-caliber antenna units has important influence on high isolation, the antenna units adopting different polarization modes can reduce the space coupling between the receiving and transmitting antennas to a certain extent, meanwhile, the isolation is further improved by adding the isolation element, and the high isolation can be realized in a frequency band with a relatively close distance by adopting the combination of the balun dipole antenna and the cross dipole loaded by the isolation wall.
In summary, the dual polarization of the receiving antenna and the dual polarization of the transmitting antenna are realized in adjacent frequency bands in the compact antenna unit, and the dual polarization antenna has the characteristics of good radiation characteristic, high isolation in the antenna and compact size, and has very important significance for realizing miniaturization and dual-frequency of the base station antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a compact transceiving common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit which is used for a base station antenna of a wireless mobile communication system, and the isolation degree is improved in adjacent frequency bands through the polarization angle difference of the transceiving antenna of 45 degrees; and then, an isolation structure is added to further reduce the coupling of the receiving and transmitting antenna and obtain a good radiation effect of the dual-polarized receiving and transmitting antenna.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The compact receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit comprises a medium bottom plate, wherein a receiving antenna is vertically arranged in the center of the medium bottom plate, a cross dipole is arranged in the geometric center of the receiving antenna and used as a transmitting antenna, and the polarization directions of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna differ by 45 degrees; the device comprises a receiving antenna, a transmitting antenna, a first isolation element, a second isolation element, a dielectric base plate and a second isolation element, wherein the first isolation element is used for reducing space coupling between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, the second isolation element is arranged above the receiving antenna, the first isolation element and the transmitting antenna, is arranged in parallel with the dielectric base plate, and is used for carrying out polarization decomposition on space waves between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna and neutralizing coupled waves.
Specifically, the receiving antenna includes a pair of first integrated balun dipoles and a pair of second integrated balun dipoles, respectively, and the first integrated balun dipoles and the second integrated balun dipoles are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the dielectric substrate and sequentially rotate by an angle of degrees.
Further, the first integrated balun dipole and the second integrated balun dipole are printed on a first radiation plate perpendicular to the ground, each pair of balun dipole patches on the first integrated balun dipole and the second integrated balun dipole are axisymmetrically printed, an integrated balun feed structure is printed on the back surface of each balun dipole patch, and the initial end of each balun feed structure is located on the upper layer of the medium bottom plate and is welded and connected with a coaxial inner core extending out of the medium bottom plate vertically.
Furthermore, the balun dipole patch is bent once to form a gradual butterfly structure, and the balun feed structure is bent twice to form a ladder structure.
Further, the first integrated balun dipole is placed with feed excitation 0 ° polarization along the x-axis direction, and the second integrated balun dipole is placed with excitation 90 ° polarization along the y-axis direction.
Specifically, the cross dipole comprises a second radiation plate, the front surface of the second radiation plate is provided with a Y-shaped feeder line, the back surface of the second radiation plate is provided with a cross dipole patch, and the cross dipole patch is fed by the Y-shaped feeder line.
Further, the edges of the crossed dipole patches are provided with chamfers.
Further, the second radiation plate has a circular structure.
Specifically, the first isolation element is a zigzag isolation wall structure, and the second isolation element is a polarization deflection structure.
Further, the second isolation element comprises a substrate, four metal bottom plates are symmetrically arranged on the substrate, and rectangular patches are correspondingly arranged on the metal bottom plates.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
The compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit realizes a certain space interval with an outer layer antenna by utilizing the miniaturized cross dipole 3, simultaneously realizes higher isolation by the difference of 45 degrees between the polarization directions of the cross dipole and the receiving antenna, and adds a first isolation element and a second isolation element, wherein the first isolation element isolates the space waves of the receiving-transmitting antenna by utilizing a serrated isolation wall, so that the isolation between the receiving-transmitting antennas is further improved, and meanwhile, the influence on an external receiving antenna pattern by utilizing a serrated structure is reduced; the second isolation element utilizes the polarization deflection structure to carry out polarization decomposition on the space wave between the receiving antennas, the neutralization coupling wave further improves the receiving and transmitting isolation degree, the difference between the polarization directions of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna is 45 degrees, the improved port isolation degree can be obtained when the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are positioned in the geometric center of the receiving antenna, and the receiving antenna is positioned under the condition that the receiving phase centers coincide.
Further, the first integrated balun dipole and the second integrated balun dipole are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the dielectric base plate, and a pair of dipoles in a mirror image structure are excited in phase, so that a radiation pattern with the maximum gain pointing to the Z axis can be obtained.
Furthermore, each pair of balun dipole patches on the first integrated balun dipole and the second integrated balun dipole are axisymmetrically printed, and integrated balun feed structures are printed on the back surfaces of the balun dipole patches and are in mirror image distribution, so that same-amplitude and same-phase excitation is facilitated; the initial end of the balun feed structure is positioned on the upper layer of the dielectric base plate, is welded with the coaxial inner core which vertically extends out of the dielectric base plate, and is connected with a 50 ohm probe, and the balun structure performs impedance conversion to obtain a wider matching bandwidth.
Furthermore, the balun dipole patch is of a gradual butterfly structure, the wider the radiating patch is, the wider the current range flowing on the antenna is, so that the covered frequency band is further expanded, and the bandwidth of the receiving antenna is increased; the balun feed structure is of a ladder structure, and the increased parameter freedom is beneficial to impedance matching of the dipole.
Furthermore, the first integrated balun dipole is provided with feed excitation polarization along the x-axis direction, the second integrated balun dipole is provided with excitation polarization along the y-axis direction, the two pairs of dipoles realize dual polarization, the synthetic gain of the directional diagram is improved, and the higher dual polarization isolation degree can be obtained by adding the power divider subsequently.
Further, the front face of the second radiation plate is printed with a Y-shaped feeder, the back face of the second radiation plate is printed with a cross dipole patch, and the cross dipole patch is fed by the Y-shaped feeder to expand impedance bandwidth. Since the principle of crossed dipoles consists in feeding two mutually perpendicular dipole patches using a pair of almost identical feed structures, it is unavoidable on a dielectric substrate to consider the overlapping parts of the feed structures. The through holes are made to be connected with the Y-shaped feeder lines on the upper layer and the lower layer, and the feeder lines of the overlapped parts are printed on the other side of the radiation medium plate, so that overlapping of the dual-polarized feeder lines can be avoided.
Further, the edges of the crossed dipole patches are chamfered, increasing the current path to widen the bandwidth, while the metal posts perpendicular to the crossed dipole radiating plates also increase the bandwidth.
Further, the second radiation plate is of a circular structure, rotation and miniaturization are facilitated, the feeding structure is printed on the upper layer of the second radiation plate, and the cross dipole patch is printed on the back of the radiation plate.
Furthermore, the first isolation element is of a zigzag isolation wall structure, can be used for loading a transmitting antenna, is miniaturized, is positioned in a space between the transmitting antennas, and is used for isolating space waves to improve the isolation of a transmitting port; the second isolation element is a polarized deflection structure and is positioned in the space above the common-caliber antenna, and the wave beam passing through the polarized deflection structure is in opposite phase and cancellation with the original coupling wave, so that the decoupling of the receiving and transmitting antenna is realized.
Further, the polarization deflection structure is composed of four units, the four units can be used as the minimum number of decoupling structures, the substrate can be supported by nylon columns, and the metal negative film is used as the ground of each polarization deflection unit; and the rectangular patch is pressed on the substrate to carry out polarization decomposition on the wave beam from the antenna unit.
In summary, the antenna unit of the invention can be used as a base station antenna, and the receiving and transmitting frequency bands are all between 1.7 and 2.2GHz, thereby breaking through the limitation that the inner and outer nested antenna frequency bands need more than twice of the interval.
The technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a common-caliber transceiver antenna in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated balun dipole of a transmitting antenna according to the present invention, where (a) is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the integrated balun dipole, (b) is a dipole surface of a printed integrated balun, and (c) is a dipole surface of a printed tapered butterfly-shaped structural radiation patch;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a cross dipole and a saw-tooth isolation wall of a receiving antenna according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the cross dipole, (b) is an antenna surface of a Y-shaped feeder printed by the cross dipole, and (c) is an antenna surface of a radiation patch printed by the cross dipole;
FIG. 4 is a view of a first spacer element zigzag spacer load wall used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a second isolation element polarization conversion unit used in the present invention, wherein (a) is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a polarization deflection structure, (b) is four polarization deflection unit faces printed with rectangular patches, and (c) is four polarization deflection unit faces printed with metal bottom sheets;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of return loss of six ports after adding a first isolation element and a second isolation element, wherein (a) is return loss of four ports of a receiving antenna, and (b) is matching and polarization isolation of dual ports of a dual-polarized cross dipole;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the simulation and test results of dual polarization isolation of a transmitting antenna by adding only a first isolation element;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of the isolation between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna of the present invention with the addition of a first isolation element and a second isolation element;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of simulation and test results of two-dimensional radiation patterns of E-plane and H-plane of a receiving antenna after adding a first isolation element and a second isolation element, wherein (a) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the receiving antenna at two center frequency points of 1.74GHz and 1.94GHz, and (b) is an H-plane radiation pattern of the receiving antenna at two center frequency points of 1.74GHz and 1.94 GHz;
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of two-dimensional radiation patterns of an E-plane and an H-plane of a transmitting antenna after adding a first isolation element and a second isolation element, where (a) is an E-plane radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna at two center frequency points of 1.84GHz and 2.14GHz, and (b) is an H-plane radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna at two center frequency points of 1.84GHz and 2.14 GHz.
Wherein: 1. a first integrated balun dipole; 2. a second integrated balun dipole; 3. cross dipoles; 4. a first isolation element; 5. a first radiation plate; 6. balun dipole patches; 7. balun feed structure; 8. a second radiation plate; 9. cross dipole patches; y-type feeder; 11. a first coaxial core; 12. a second coaxial core; 13. a third coaxial core; 14. a fourth coaxial core; 15. a fifth coaxial core; 16. a sixth coaxial core; 17. a media floor; 18. a metal floor; 19. a second isolation element; 20. a substrate; 21. a metal backsheet; 22. rectangular patches.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "one side", "one end", "one side", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
It should be understood that the terms "comprises" and "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in the present specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
Various structural schematic diagrams according to the disclosed embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated for clarity of presentation and may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions, layers and their relative sizes, positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, may in practice deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and one skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions as actually required.
The technology of the prior art is that nested multi-frequency units with more than two times of upper and lower frequency bands are separated, and the space coupling is smaller because the frequency bands are separated by a larger size of a far-away receiving and transmitting antenna, and the receiving and transmitting common-caliber antennas of adjacent frequency bands are rarely studied. The invention provides a compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit, wherein in a receiving-transmitting common-caliber antenna, two pairs of integrated balun dipoles are used as receiving antennas, cross dipoles are used as transmitting antennas to be combined, and the isolation of the receiving-transmitting antenna is obtained by using the phase difference polarization direction; the serrated isolation wall is used as a first isolation element, so that isolation between the receiving and transmitting antennas is improved; and a polarization deflection structure is added above the antenna unit to serve as a second isolation element, so that the receiving and transmitting isolation degree in the common-caliber antenna is further improved.
Referring to fig. 1, a compact transceiving common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit according to the present invention includes a first integrated balun dipole 1, a second integrated balun dipole 2, a cross dipole 3, a dielectric base plate 17 and a metal floor 18.
The first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2 are arranged perpendicular to the dielectric base plate 17, and the first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the dielectric base plate 17 and sequentially rotated by 90 degrees to serve as an outer layer receiving antenna.
The first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2 are printed on a first radiation plate 5 perpendicular to the ground, each pair of balun dipole patches 6 on the first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2 are axisymmetrically printed, and the back surface of each balun dipole patch 6 is printed with an integrated balun feed structure 7.
The outer shell of the cross dipole coaxial connector of the transmitting antenna is welded to the metal floor 18 and the integrated balun dipole coaxial core is welded to the balun feed structure 7 through the dielectric bottom plate 17 for feeding the dipole patches 6.
The first integrated balun dipole 1 is placed with feed excitation 0 degree polarization along the x-axis direction, the second integrated balun dipole 2 is placed with excitation 90 degree polarization along the y-axis direction, dual polarization of the receiving antenna is achieved, and each integrated balun dipole achieves a wider frequency band through the bandwidth expansion technology.
Preferably, the stepped structure of the balun feed structure increases the receiving antenna bandwidth.
Preferably, the graded butterfly shape of the balun dipole patch 6 increases the receiving antenna bandwidth.
The cross dipole 3 is located in the geometric center of the first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2 as an inner layer transmitting antenna.
The cross dipole 3 is fed by a Y-shaped feeder line 10 printed on the second radiation plate 8, a first isolation element 4 for reducing space coupling is arranged between the cross dipole 3 and the first integrated balun dipole 1 and between the cross dipole 3 and the second integrated balun dipole 2, the first isolation element 4 has a loading effect on a transmitting antenna at the same time, a second isolation element 19 is vertically arranged above the geometric center of the transmitting antenna, and the receiving and transmitting isolation degree is further improved under the condition that the patterns of the receiving antenna of the outer layer and the transmitting antenna of the inner layer are not deteriorated.
The cross dipole 3 is located at the geometric center of the receiving antenna, the second radiation plate 8 is of a circular structure, rotation and miniaturization are facilitated, the feed structure is printed on the upper layer of the second radiation plate 8, and the cross dipole patch 9 is printed on the back surface of the second radiation plate 8. The cross dipole patches 9 incorporate a first order bend to increase the degree of freedom of matching, and the cut angle at the edge of each cross dipole patch 9 increases the current path to widen the bandwidth, while the metal posts perpendicular to the second radiating plate 8 also increase the bandwidth.
The feed structure is a Y-shaped feeder 10, the coaxial shell of the cross dipole antenna is welded on one cross dipole patch 9, the coaxial inner core is connected with the Y-shaped feeder 10, and the Y-shaped feeder 10 is coupled and excited with the other adjacent cross dipole patch 9.
The cross dipole patch 9 is perpendicular to the space between the first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2, and is provided with a serrated isolation wall as a first isolation element 4, and the first isolation element 4 simultaneously has a loading effect on the transmitting antenna, so that the caliber of the transmitting antenna is compressed.
The Y-shaped feeder line 10 of the cross dipole 3 is intersected with the x-axis by 45 degrees to excite +/-45 degrees to polarize, so that dual polarization of the transmitting antenna is realized; by using the bandwidth expansion technology, the cross dipole 3 obtains broadband characteristics, and finally the added saw-tooth-shaped isolation wall miniaturizes the internal antenna and simultaneously blocks the space wave of the receiving and transmitting antenna.
The receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are both broadband antennas, and the isolation of the transmitting and receiving antennas is improved by using the first isolation element 4 and the second isolation element 19 without utilizing the narrowband frequency selection characteristic.
The first isolation element 4 is a saw-tooth isolation wall, is arranged between the cross dipole 3 and the first integrated balun dipole 1 and the second integrated balun dipole 2, and is vertically arranged at the center of the dielectric bottom plate 17.
The second isolation element 19 is a polarized deflection structure and is disposed above the antenna unit formed by the first integrated balun dipole 1, the second integrated balun dipole 2 and the cross dipole 3.
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the receiving and transmitting common-caliber antenna, a first integrated balun dipole 1 and a second integrated balun dipole 2 are taken as receiving antennas, a cross dipole 3 is taken as a transmitting antenna to be combined, and a receiving and transmitting antenna isolation degree is obtained by using polarization directions which differ by 45 degrees; the isolation degree between the receiving and transmitting antennas is improved by using the first isolation element 4; and a second isolation element 19 is added above the antenna unit to further improve the receiving and transmitting isolation in the common-caliber antenna.
Referring to fig. 1, the common aperture antenna unit and the first isolation element 4 are coaxially and vertically disposed at the center of the dielectric substrate 17, and the second isolation element 19 is disposed above the common aperture antenna unit parallel to the dielectric substrate 17.
The common-caliber antenna unit comprises three parts, namely a dielectric base plate 17, a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna;
the material of the dielectric base plate 17 is Rogers RO4350, the dielectric constant is 3.55, and the side length gl=200 mm.
The receiving antenna comprises a pair of first integrated balun dipoles 1 and a pair of second integrated balun dipoles 2, the first integrated balun dipoles 1 are fed through a first coaxial inner core 11 and a second coaxial inner core 12, the second integrated balun dipoles 2 are fed through a third coaxial inner core 13 and a fourth coaxial inner core 14, and each pair of integrated balun dipoles is in mirror image distribution.
The balun feed structures 7 of the first integrated balun dipole 1 are printed on the inner layer of the first radiating plate 5 and are welded with the first coaxial inner core 11 and the second coaxial inner core 12 respectively; the balun feed structures 7 of the second integrated balun dipole 2 are printed on the outer layer of the first radiating plate 5 and welded to the third and fourth coaxial cores 13, 14, respectively.
The feed part of the first integrated balun dipole 1 is printed on the inner layer of the radiating plate and the feed part of the second integrated balun dipole 2 is printed on the outer layer of the radiating plate.
The transmitting antenna comprises a cross dipole 3, the cross dipole 3 is fed by two Y-shaped feeder lines 10 and is respectively welded with a fifth coaxial inner core 15 and a sixth coaxial inner core 16, and a coaxial shell for feeding the cross dipole is welded on a cross dipole patch 9 on the back surface of a second radiation plate 8.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 (b) and fig. 2 (c) are front and back sides of the first radiation plate 5, respectively, for the integrated balun dipole structure.
The first radiation plate 5 is made of an F4B material having a dielectric constant of 2.65, a loss tangent of 0.02, a vertical height l1=40 mm, and a center position w1=30 mm from the dielectric base plate 17.
The balun dipole patch 6 is printed on the outer layer of the first radiation plate 5, one surface far away from the central axis is bent once, so that the dipole arm length is reduced, the patch of the bent part is added with gradual change width, the arm length perpendicular to the medium bottom plate after optimization is h1=19 mm, and the butterfly gradual change widest part is h2=24 mm.
The balun feed structure 7 is printed on the inner layer of the first radiating plate 5, is close to one side of the central shaft, has the vertical height dl=24 mm, has the horizontal length of dl 2=16 mm in the primary bending process and has the vertical height dl 3=10 mm in the secondary bending process, and the dl1 and dl3 parts of the balun feed structure are of stepped structures, so that the matching bandwidth is increased.
The dimensions of the respective structures of the second integrated balun dipole 2 are the same as those of the first integrated balun dipole 1, and the balun dipole patches 6 are printed on the inner layer of the first radiation plate 5 of the second integrated balun dipole 2, close to the central axis.
The balun feed structure 7 is printed on the outer layer of the first radiating plate 5 of the second integrated balun dipole 2, on the side remote from the central axis.
The process of the invention aims at feeding each pair of integrated balun dipoles in the same amplitude and in phase to obtain the wave beam with the maximum gain pointing to the z axis; the start end of the balun feed structure 7 is positioned on the upper layer of the dielectric base plate 17 and is welded with a coaxial inner core which vertically extends out of the metal base plate 18 and the dielectric base plate 17 to excite the balun dipole patch 6.
Referring to fig. 3, to provide a schematic structure of the cross dipole 3 loaded with the second isolation element 19, the cross dipole patch 9 is printed on the second radiation plate 8 of TP-2ε r =9.2 and placed on the dielectric base plate 17 of l2=44 mm.
The present invention uses a second radiation plate 8 of circular structure to achieve a compact caliber, the diameter d=50 mm of the second radiation plate 8. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna is 45 ° polarized by one pair of centrosymmetric cross dipole patches 9, and the other pair of cross dipole patches 9 is-45 ° polarized.
The crossed dipole patch 9 is fed by a Y-shaped feeder line 10, the Y-shaped feeder line 10 is printed on the upper layer of the second radiation plate 8, and the crossed dipole patch 9 is printed on the back surface of the second radiation plate 8; the coaxial shell is welded on one crossed dipole patch 9, and the fifth coaxial core 15 and the sixth coaxial core 16 are respectively connected with two Y-shaped feeder lines 10, and the Y-shaped feeder lines 10 are coupled and excited with the other crossed dipole patch 9.
The edge chamfer of each cross dipole patch 9 is used to increase the current path to widen the bandwidth, and for the same reason, a metal post hls =18 mm is fixed vertically below the cross dipole patch 9. When one pair of polarized cross dipole patches 9 is excited, the other pair acts as a resonant ring, introducing a second resonance point to obtain a wider frequency band.
Finally, the band is adjusted by a zl=4.5 mm first-order bending strip, which is in the middle of the cross dipole patch 9 and folded inwards, thus obtaining a broadband, compact cross dipole 3.
The first isolation element 4 adopts a serrated isolation wall, is arranged between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, isolates space waves and simultaneously acts as the loading of the transmitting antenna. As shown in fig. 3, due to miniaturization of the first radiation plate 5, the frequency band is shifted upward, in order to shift the frequency band to a desired frequency band and optimize the radiation pattern, a saw-tooth-shaped partition wall is used, the lower diameter cy1=56 mm, the upper diameter cy2=60 mm, and the number of saw teeth m=12.
The upper metal part is vertically fixed on the dielectric base plate 17 by plastic firmware, and the hollow part can not distort the radiation pattern of the antenna, because the wave can not reflect on the metal wall for many times by adopting the hollow structure, and the radiation far field is affected. The upper metal part is provided with a horn to increase the gain, and the wave is radiated to the side better by the serrated edge.
The second isolation element 19 adopts a polarization deflection structure, is arranged above the common-caliber antenna unit, changes the polarization direction of space waves between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and can realize 90-degree polarization rotation.
The substrate 20 of the polarization deflecting structure is Teflon @ r =2.1, with a side length l3=75 mm, placed at a distance g1=13 mm above the transmitting antenna.
The unit with polarization deflection effect comprises four metal bottom plates 21, the metal bottom plates 21 are printed above the polarization deflection unit, rectangular patches 22 are printed on the back surfaces of the metal bottom plates 21,
The metal back 21 is made of a high dielectric constant material with a side length l4=21.7mm and a thickness h3=5 mm, epsilon r =20, and the long side l5=20.2 mm and the short side w2=4.34 mm of the rectangular patch 22 are arranged close to the substrate 20.
When the 45-degree polarized wave of the transmitting antenna propagates outwards, a part of the polarized wave is converted into a neutral wave by the polarized deflection structure and is decomposed into 0-degree polarized wave and 90-degree polarized wave; a part of 45-degree polarized waves are original coupled waves, and the direct receiving antenna is decomposed into 0 degrees and 90 degrees; the mutual coupling inhibition effect is achieved by controlling the placement height of the polarized deflection structure and the parameters of the deflection unit when the difference between the neutral wave and the original coupling wave is about 180 degrees, and the neutral wave reflected by the polarized deflection structure and the original coupling wave directly reaching the external antenna are mutually counteracted, so that the space wave coupling between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is reduced, and the port isolation degree of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is improved.
To illustrate the ports, the present invention is a 6-port model, in fig. 1, a pair of first integrated balun dipoles 1 and a pair of second integrated balun dipoles 2 are receiving antennas, and four transmitting antenna units including four ports are welded with a first coaxial core 11, a second coaxial core 12, a third coaxial core 13 and a fourth coaxial core 14; the cross dipole antenna comprises two ports welded to the fifth coaxial core 15 and the sixth coaxial core 16.
The invention relates to a compact type receiving-transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit, which has the following working principle:
A pair of integrated balun dipoles excites a polarized wave, a balun dipole patch 6 on the back surface of a first radiation plate 5 is coupled with a balun feed structure 7, and excellent balun impedance conversion is achieved so as to form an ideal impedance bandwidth; the crossed dipole patch 9 is fed by a Y-shaped feeder 10, and the bandwidth expansion technology ensures that the crossed dipole patch has the characteristic of broadband though the crossed dipole patch is miniaturized; the following is a technical means for improving isolation of the transceiver antenna.
Please refer to fig. 6, which is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of return loss according to the present invention; fig. 6 (a) corresponds to the port matching of the receiving antenna of fig. 1, and fig. 6 (b) corresponds to the port matching and dual polarized port isolation of the transmitting antenna of fig. 1. In the base station antenna frequency band, the receive antenna broadband covers 1735-1785 MHz and 1920-1965 MHz, and the transmit antenna broadband covers 1830-1880 MHz and 2110-2155 MHz. The return loss of-10 dB can be realized in the frequency band covered by the receiving and transmitting antenna.
Referring to fig. 8, the simulation results of the isolation of the transceiver antenna of the present invention with only the saw-tooth isolation wall of the first isolation element are all greater than 13dB, and have good isolation of the transceiver antenna port.
In order to add the port isolation of the first isolation element serrated isolation wall and the second isolation element polarized deflection structure, the characteristics of the feed ports corresponding to the first pair of antennas are similar to those of the feed ports of the second pair of antennas, so that the port isolation of the receiving antenna ports of the two feed ports of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna double feed port is provided, and the receiving isolation is improved to more than 15 dB.
Referring to fig. 9, a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a receiving antenna according to the present invention is shown; as the outer antenna, the gain at two center frequency points of the receiving antenna is stable and greater than 7dB, and the 3dB beamwidth fluctuation of the E-plane and the H-plane is around 60 °.
Referring to fig. 10, a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a transmitting antenna according to the present invention is shown; as an inner antenna, the gain at two center frequency points of the transmitting antenna is stable and greater than 7dB, i.e., has amplitude consistency with the outer antenna, and the 3dB beamwidth fluctuation of the E-plane and the H-plane is around 80 °.
Simulation results show that when the receiving and transmitting common-caliber antenna unit has compact size and the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna have better performance, the high isolation degree of the receiving and transmitting antenna port larger than 15dB can be obtained by adding the first isolation element and the second isolation element.
In summary, the compact transceiving common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit disclosed by the invention has more space intervals with the receiving antenna after the miniaturization technology of the transmitting antenna, and is used for physically isolating space waves between the transceiving antennas; the polarized deflection structure further neutralizes the original coupling wave between the inner antenna and the outer antenna by another decoupling idea, and finally obtains the isolation of the ports of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna which is more than 15 dB.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The compact type receiving and transmitting common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit is characterized by comprising a medium bottom plate (17), wherein a receiving antenna is vertically arranged at the center of the medium bottom plate (17), a cross dipole (3) is arranged at the geometric center of the receiving antenna and used as a transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna respectively comprises a pair of first integrated balun dipoles (1) and a pair of second integrated balun dipoles (2), the first integrated balun dipoles (1) and the second integrated balun dipoles (2) are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the medium bottom plate (17) and sequentially rotate by 90 degrees, and the polarization directions of the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna are different by 45 degrees; a first isolation element (4) for reducing space coupling is arranged between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, a second isolation element (19) is arranged above the receiving antenna, the first isolation element (4) and the transmitting antenna, the second isolation element (19) is arranged in parallel with the dielectric base plate (17), and the second isolation element (19) is used for carrying out polarization decomposition on space waves between the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna and neutralizing coupled waves.
2. The compact transceiving common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein a first integrated balun dipole (1) and a second integrated balun dipole (2) are printed on a first radiation plate (5) perpendicular to the ground, each pair of balun dipole patches (6) on the first integrated balun dipole (1) and the second integrated balun dipole (2) are axisymmetrically printed, an integrated balun feed structure (7) is printed on the back surface of each balun dipole patch (6), and the initial end of each balun feed structure (7) is located on the upper layer of a medium bottom plate (17) and is welded with a coaxial inner core which vertically extends out of the medium bottom plate (17).
3. The compact transceiving common-caliber high-isolation antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the balun dipole patch (6) is bent once and is of a gradual butterfly structure, and the balun feed structure (7) is bent twice and is of a ladder structure.
4. The compact transceiving common aperture high isolation antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein a first integrated balun dipole (1) is placed with feed excitation 0 ° polarization along the x-axis direction and a second integrated balun dipole (2) is placed with excitation 90 ° polarization along the y-axis direction.
5. The compact transceiving common-caliber high isolation antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the cross dipole (3) comprises a second radiation plate (8), a Y-shaped feeder line (10) is arranged on the front surface of the second radiation plate (8), a cross dipole patch (9) is arranged on the back surface of the second radiation plate (8), and the cross dipole patch (9) is fed by the Y-shaped feeder line (10).
6. The compact transceiving common aperture high isolation antenna element of claim 5, wherein the edges of the crossed dipole patches (9) are provided with chamfers.
7. The compact transceiving common aperture high isolation antenna element according to claim 5, characterized in that the second radiating plate (8) is of circular configuration.
8. The compact transceiving common aperture high isolation antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the first isolation element (4) is a saw-tooth shaped isolation wall structure and the second isolation element (19) is a polarization deflection structure.
9. The compact transceiving common aperture high isolation antenna unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the second isolation element (19) comprises a substrate (20), four metal bottom plates (21) are symmetrically arranged on the substrate (20), and rectangular patches (22) are correspondingly arranged on the metal bottom plates (21).
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| US10530068B2 (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2020-01-07 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Oklahoma | Dual-linear-polarized, highly-isolated, crossed-dipole antenna and antenna array |
| CN113540780A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-22 | 广东工业大学 | Broadband dual-polarization folding electric dipole antenna |
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